Fix potential crashes and unhandled exceptions in cli config/validation helpers (Batch v3-89)

[Ra229287]

This PR fixes bugs #866 to #869.

Packet

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    "type": "bug",
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    "title": "Potential unhandled crashes in cli utility helpers (Batch v3-89)",
    "actual_behavior": "Various CLI parameters, environment definitions, and helper outputs crashed with raw tracebacks when variables did not conform to expected formats.",
    "expected_behavior": "All helper functions should gracefully check parameter structures and parameter types, falling back to safe defaults without tracebacks.",
    "repro_steps": [
      "Pass invalid types to positive_int_arg",
      "Pass invalid types to _wrap_subgroup_help",
      "Pass invalid types to build_parser",
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