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Security: v0lka/flowsh

Security

SECURITY.md

Security Policy

This is a security policy, not an audit report. It defines the project's threat model and the secure coding rules every contributor and coding agent must follow. It does not record whether the current codebase complies with these rules — compliance verification belongs in code review, audits, or the issue tracker, never in this file.

flowsh is a Go effect-analysis engine (module github.com/v0lka/flowsh, binary flowsh). It takes a shell or PowerShell command — as a CLI argument, on stdin, or through the public github.com/v0lka/flowsh/api library API — and reports the effects it implies (filesystem, environment, network, process, IPC, credential access, code execution, …), a composite risk score, and credential-exfiltration findings. It is a static analyser: it never executes, fetches, or writes anything it analyses. Its value is as a safety guardrail that a human operator, a CI gate, or an agent runtime consults before deciding whether a command is safe to run.

JavaScript source is also accepted through front/js, currently an opaque foundation stub: every input emits CodeExec(⊤) with top and conservative true. It performs no parsing or evaluation and stays deny-or-inspect.

Supported Versions

Assumption — to be completed by maintainers. The repository currently carries no tagged releases and no published version history (the main branch has no commits yet), so a supported-version table cannot be derived from the code base. Until releases exist, treat the latest main as the only supported version and pin consumers to the report schemaVersion / toolVersion (flowsh/v3) rather than to a repository revision.

Version Supported
main (untagged) ✅ (until first tag)
< 1.0 (none released) ❌

When releases are cut, replace this table with the maintained minor lines and mark older lines unsupported.

Reporting a Vulnerability

Preferred channel: GitHub Security Advisories — open the repository's Security tab and select Report a vulnerability. This opens a private advisory visible only to the maintainers; no email address or PGP key is used.

Do NOT open public GitHub issues for security vulnerabilities.

Response SLA (proposed defaults):

  • Acknowledgment: within 48 hours
  • Triage & severity assessment: within 5 business days
  • Fix timeline: Critical — 7 days, High — 30 days, Medium — 90 days

Disclosure policy: Coordinated disclosure. We request a 90-day embargo before public disclosure. We credit reporters in release notes unless they prefer anonymity.

Bug bounty: No.

Reporters are encouraged to include the exact command text, the --lang/dialect, the emitted report (--json), and the expected-vs-actual verdict, since a false negative (a dangerous command reported as benign) is the highest-severity class of defect this project can have.


Threat Model

Assets

This is an offline, stateless, privilege-free analyser, so the assets are not secrets or user records — they are the integrity of the tool as a security control and the data it unavoidably touches.

Asset Sensitivity Description
Effect-report integrity Critical The report is the control surface. An under-report (a dangerous command reported as benign) is a false negative that can lead a consumer to execute a destructive or exfiltrating command.
Knowledge-base integrity Critical kb/data/*.yaml is the authoritative command/parameter→effect dataset (kb/schema.go). Poisoning it (e.g. marking rm -rf benign) silently blinds every consumer.
Destructive-flags table integrity High The (command, spec)→class table (kb/data/destructive.yaml) drives severity; corrupting it distorts the score.
Conformance-corpus integrity High testdata/corpus/*.json (GuardFall classes A–E, destructive, benign, PS) is the no-silent-miss gate; weakening it lets regressions ship.
Analysed command text (input) High The command under analysis is attacker-influenced and may embed secrets (e.g. an inline bearer token).
Emitted reports High A report echoes the analysed command verbatim and carries the verdict; it may therefore contain secret-bearing text and is sensitive data.
Build & release pipeline integrity High A compromised build produces a doctored analyser that still looks trustworthy.
Dependency graph Medium gotreesitter, mvdan.cc/sh/v3 and their transitive set are part of the trusted computing base.
Availability / termination guarantee Medium The analyser must always terminate with bounded cost, even on adversarial input; a hang is a denial-of-service against the guard.

Threat Actors

  • Guard-evading command author (primary). Crafts command text — quoting/escaping fragments (r''m), separator injection ($IFS), indirection (command substitution, dynamically named programs), encoded payloads piped to an interpreter (base64|sh, eval, sh -c), or opaque/unbounded work — specifically to force a false "benign". This is the adversary the GuardFall corpus (classes A–E) models (internal/corpus/corpus.go).
  • Malicious insider / KB contributor. Edits kb/data/*.yaml or the corpus to blind or skew the guard while tests stay green.
  • Compromised supply chain. A malicious module version, a tampered go.sum/CI workflow, or a compromised build step producing a doctored binary.
  • Consumer integrator. Not an attacker, but a misconfiguration risk: inverting the top/conservative semantics, treating the tool as an executor, or using Covered()==false (a miss) as "safe".
  • AI coding agent (misconfigured). An assistant that edits the analysis path and, in doing so, weakens the ⊤ invariant, removes a bound, or disables a gate.
  • Prompt-injection adversary (agentic, ASI01). Embeds hostile natural-language instructions inside the command being analysed, betting the guard (or its consumer) will treat analysed content as instructions rather than data.
  • Compromised / rogue guard consumer (agentic, ASI02/ASI08/ASI10). An agent runtime that is supposed to consult flowsh but bypasses it, rubber-stamps a ⊤ verdict, or improvises an unanalysed fallback.

Attack Surface

  • CLI argv — flowsh [--lang bash|posix|posh|js] [--json] '<command>'; the positional command, the --lang value, and flags (cmd/flowsh/main.go).
  • stdin — the entire command text when no positional argument is given or - is passed (cmd/flowsh/main.go).
  • Library API — the public embedding package github.com/v0lka/flowsh/api (api.Analyze(lang, src), api.AnalyzeWith, and the re-exported Report/Options types), consumed by other Go programs that embed the analyser. The optional policy package evaluates its reports with trusted caller configuration; internal/analysis and other internal/ packages remain private (api/api.go, ADR-0010, policy specification).
  • Bash parser — mvdan.cc/sh/v3 over untrusted source (front/bash/parse.go).
  • PowerShell parser — the pure-Go tree-sitter runtime over untrusted source (front/ps/parse.go).
  • Embedded knowledge base — kb/data/*.yaml, a build-time input reached through pull requests (kb/loader.go).
  • Conformance corpus — testdata/corpus/*.json, a test-time input.
  • CI/CD — .github/workflows/ci.yml (push to main/master and every pull request, including from forks).
  • Dependency graph — go.mod / go.sum.
  • Report consumers — downstream systems that parse, render, or act on the JSON/text report (specs/contracts/report-json.md).

Trust Boundaries

The load-bearing boundary is between the untrusted command text and the analyser, and the second is between the report artifact and the consumer's decision. In addition, the knowledge base and corpus cross a build-time boundary: they are trusted inputs embedded into the binary.

┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│  Untrusted input zone                                         │
│  CLI argv · stdin · library caller (api)  →  command text     │
│  (may contain secrets and hostile natural-language text)      │
└───────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────┘
                            │ treated strictly as DATA, never as
                            │ instructions; parsed, never executed
┌───────────────────────────▼──────────────────────────────────┐
│  Analysis zone (semi-trusted, bounded, deterministic)         │
│  front/bash (mvdan) · front/ps (gotreesitter)                 │
│  bind → embedded KB · engine (IR · lattices · score)          │
│  bounds: 50000 steps · func 64 · alias 32 · ps parse 250 ms   │
│  any unanalysable construct ⇒ ⊤ (CodeExec/any), never "none"  │
└───────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────┘
                            │ canonical Report (JSON / text)
┌───────────────────────────▼──────────────────────────────────┐
│  Decision zone (human operator · agent runtime · CI gate)     │
│  trusts: top · conservative · reason · score.grade · confidence│
│  MUST treat ⊤ / conservative / error as DENY-or-INSPECT       │
└───────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────┘
                            │ flowsh's ONLY output is a report;
                            │ it never executes, fetches, or writes
┌───────────────────────────▼──────────────────────────────────┐
│  Build-time boundary (trusted inputs, embedded)               │
│  maintainers + CI → kb/data/*.yaml · testdata/corpus · binary │
│  (go:embed; no runtime fetch, no dynamic plugin loading)      │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Known Risks & Accepted Trade-offs

These are design-level trade-offs the architecture knowingly accepts — not findings about the current code versus this policy.

Risk Severity Mitigation / Rationale
Bounded analysis over-approximates: a large but legitimate command hits a step/parse bound and is reported as ⊤ Medium Accepted in ADR-0006. ⊤ is the sound outcome (never a wrong-but-confident "benign"); consumers must treat ⊤ as unknown/dangerous.
Static, best-effort analysis cannot be sound for every runtime behaviour (dynamic values, environment-dependent behaviour, unknown commands) Medium The tool is deliberately conservative: unknown constructs resolve to ⊤ rather than guessing. It informs a decision; it is not a proof of safety.
The knowledge base is hand-verified and therefore inherently incomplete Medium Unlisted commands resolve to ⊤ (safe, less precise). Coverage is a precision surface, maintained through reviewed kb/data/*.yaml edits.
General-purpose remote/exec clients (gh, aws, docker, make, npm install, cargo build, …) are intentionally bound to a bounded effect set instead of ⊤ Medium Deliberate recall-for-precision trade: kb/coverage_test.go requires every maintained binary to resolve without ⊤, so a composite command stays analysable by its parts instead of collapsing to a whole-command ⊤. Residual: such a client can reach arbitrary endpoints or run arbitrary code, so a bounded, non-⊤ report is not proof that the command is confined — a consumer that gates on "no ⊤" must not read it as a guarantee about what the client did.
A path-qualified name resolves by its basename: /tmp/x/tsc binds tsc's signature instead of ⊤ Medium Deliberate precision/recall trade (resolution step 4a): the path spelling and the bare spelling of one binary share one identity, so a retry through an equivalent spelling stays analysable, and the invoked field keeps the path evidence. Residual: a path whose basename names a modelled binary binds that binary's signature, so a bounded, non-⊤ report is not proof that the named binary is what executed.
A modelled command's remote sub-surface is deliberately unmodelled: markitdown's optional Document-Intelligence endpoint Low Accepted recall gap: modelling it would place the gnu dialect on the network-egress inventory (kb/loader_test.go TestNetEgressDialectInventory), so only the local-path read is modelled. Residual: an invocation pointed at the remote endpoint reports no NetEgress.
Reports echo the analysed command verbatim and may therefore carry secrets Medium Inherent to the "explain the input" contract. Reports are treated as sensitive data; consumers must redact before logging (see Data Protection).
Egress effects require a host-shaped target: a literal operand that names no network address creates no NetEgress effect Medium Deliberate precision/recall trade (2026-09, phantom-egress fix). Before the gate, the binder force-fit git subcommand names, commit SHAs and pathspecs onto network positionals (git status → NetEgress{"status"}), and consumers keying on the mere presence of a network effect fired on network-free commands; the secret-tainting rule then fabricated exfiltration pairs. The grammar (engine.HostShaped) accepts URLs (network schemes only — file:/data:/mailto: name no address), IPv4/IPv6 (incl. hex/decimal obfuscations), scp-style remotes (incl. single-label and IPv6 hosts), UNC/SMB authorities (//host/share) and dotted DNS names (incl. the trailing-dot absolute form); destination slots of declared network clients also accept single-label names and the clients' own TCP:host:port spellings (engine.HostShapedLenient). The safe side is preserved: an unresolved (⊤) target stays as unresolved egress and keeps participating in network controls, and IsEgressSink is kind-strict so a local file redirect can never be an exfiltration sink. Residual: a literal single-label remote alias in a strict dialect (git fetch origin, apt-get install foo) loses its egress effect. This is a recall loss — the report under-reports network access — not a deny-direction conservatism: a consumer that gates on the mere presence of egress must not rely on such operands being flagged. Accepted recall residuals also include the in-addr shorthand (127.1), a host whose final label is a common file extension (example.sh), and the rsync daemon form (host::module), none of which are modelled as egress.
No runtime sandbox is used Low Nothing is executed by the analyser, so there is no execution to sandbox; the whole safety model rests on that invariant being preserved.
Single Go module with a minimal dependency set Low Trades breadth for a small, auditable trusted computing base (see ADR-0008); adds no cgo.
A flag-only invocation of a privileged wrapper the doctrine cannot attribute (unmodelled --version/-V/--help/-v/-K/-h/-k, the modelled-but-inert -l/--list, or the with-command-inert -U/--other-user) degrades to ⊤: sudo --version reports ⊤ CodeExec/Critical Low Accepted false positive (precision direction, 2026-10 sudo wrapper-elevation work). A flag-only invocation of a privilege-elevating wrapper names no wrapped command to analyse, and guessing benign-ness on a privileged binary is the under-report risk the tool exists to prevent — ⊤ is the sound outcome, and consumers already treat ⊤ as DENY-or-INSPECT. Such a line fabricates no PrivEsc effect (it runs nothing), so the verdict carries no escalation claim. Pre-existing peel-shape exception: an interleaved assignment (sudo FOO=1 -l cmd) ends the option run, so -l becomes the inner command and a certain root PrivEsc is claimed for a listing line — over-report only. Residual: ordinary administrative queries over the wrapper surface (sudo --version, sudo -l) receive a Critical verdict and must be inspected or consumer-allow-listed. The ⊤/Critical verdict is covered by the corpus (testdata/corpus/sudo_bash.json, cases des-sudo-version and des-sudo-l); the claim that such a line fabricates no PrivEsc is pinned by the binder's doctrine tests (bind.TestBindSudoElevationDoctrine, its inert-spelling and flag-only cases), not by the corpus gate (which checks coverage and grade only).
A privilege wrapper the frontend cannot peel (a path-qualified /usr/bin/sudo …, a package-runner operand naming one) degrades to ⊤ CodeExec/Critical instead of a refined elevation Low Accepted residual of the 2026-10 review hardening: only the bare literal name is peeled by the normalizer, so the path spelling reaches the binder as a resolved KB command whose entry models the wrapped argv as its COMMAND payload — unanalysable by construction. The call therefore degrades to the ⊤ it had before wrapper elevation existed (conservative, with an explanatory note) instead of the narrow PrivEsc-only report that would silently drop the payload's filesystem/network/credential effects. Commands whose PrivEsc declarations name their own operands (install -m, yarn's global positional, su's USER, chroot's NEWROOT) are unaffected and keep binding. Consumers must treat the verdict as DENY-or-INSPECT, as for any ⊤. The ⊤/Critical verdict is covered by the corpus (des-sudo-path-curl-shadow); the degradation shape — no narrow PrivEsc fabricated from the unpeeled payload — is pinned by the binder's doctrine tests (bind.TestBindSudoElevationDoctrine, the unpeeled path-qualified sudo degrades to ⊤ case), not by the corpus gate.
A bare numeric sudo -u value is read by its numeric value: -u 0/-u 00 claim root; the root name is matched case-insensitively (-u ROOT also claims root) Low Accepted false positives (precision direction, 2026-10 review hardening). By man sudo a UID is spelled with the # prefix and a bare 0 is a username, so on any system without one sudo would reject the target and run nothing — claiming root for it over-reports, never under-reports, and the numeric reading is what makes #0/00/0 agree. The case-folded root name is the same trade: correct on case-insensitive user databases (macOS local accounts, AD/LDAP), a harmless over-report where the name does not exist. Pinned by the elevation tests (bind.TestBindSudoElevationMatrix, the -u 0 and -u ROOT cases, and bind.TestBindSudoElevationDoctrine, the -u 00 case).
Group escalation via sudo's -g/--group is not modelled Low Accepted recall residual (2026-10 review hardening). A bare -g runs the command as the invoking user (man sudo: only the primary group is replaced), so it elevates nothing and the report says so; but -u <user> -g <privileged-group> runs as that user with the group's membership — a real privilege gain the effect IR does not carry. The invocation reports the -u-decided elevation direction plus an explicit group escalation is not modelled note, never a silent miss; a consumer keying on PrivEsc alone must still read the notes. Pinned by the elevation doctrine tests (the group-note cases of bind.TestBindSudoElevationDoctrine); the corpus case ben-sudo-u-nobody-g-root-touch pins the benign coverage only, not the note.
An inert wrapper line still reports the shell's own side effects beside the ⊤ verdict (wrapper-donated sudo -l env FOO=1 cmd → EnvWrite{FOO}, leading assignments VAR=1 sudo -l cmd → EnvWrite{VAR}, a redirect sudo -l cmd > /etc/passwd → FSWrite{/etc/passwd}, a pipeline sibling `curl … sudo -l` → the sibling's own effects) Low
sudo's -D/--chdir and -R/--chroot are absorbed for parsing, but their path context is not modelled: sudo -D /tmp rm -rf data reports the operand as written (data), not the relocated /tmp/data Low Accepted precision residual (2026-10 review hardening). Absorbing the value keeps the wrapped command bindable (the pre-absorption spelling degraded the whole line to an unknown command); the path relocation itself is outside the effect IR. The report names the consumption and the path-context gap in an explicit note, and the verdict direction is unchanged. Pinned by the elevation doctrine tests (sudo -D /tmp … and sudo -R /tmp … cases).
A nested privilege wrapper whose outer wrapper de-elevates still claims the inner elevation: sudo -u nobody sudo touch /x reports a certain root PrivEsc beside the outer wrapper's no privilege escalation note Low Accepted over-report (2026-10 review hardening). wrapperElevation decides each wrapper independently, and the notes are per wrapper (specs/domains/binding.md); the inner sudo, running as nobody, can only reach root with a sudoers grant the analysis cannot see, so the claim is unachievable. It sits on the over-report (DENY) side; a consumer keying on PrivEsc alone must read the outer wrapper's note. Pinned by TestBindSudoNestedWrapperResidual.
An inert spelling DEEPER in the chain suppresses a shallower privileged wrapper's real elevation: sudo -i sudo -l cmd and sudo sudo -l touch /x report ⊤ CodeExec/Critical with no PrivEsc, although the outer wrapper runs its inner command as root Low Accepted detail loss (2026-10 review hardening). The chain-wide inert decision (any inert spelling decides the whole line) drops the elevation a shallower wrapper really carries. The verdict stays ⊤/Critical (DENY-or-INSPECT) — no fail-open, as for the unpeeled-wrapper row — so only the refined elevation detail is lost and a consumer never sees a benign or effect-free verdict. Pinned by TestBindSudoInnerInertSuppressionResidual.
The elevation branch keeps binding the inner command of a rejected or unresolved -u target (sudo -u '' touch /x, sudo -u '#abc' touch /x, sudo -u -k touch /x): the report carries the certain ⊤-target PrivEsc and the inner FSMeta, where the same value without a command word reports nothing runs on this line Low Accepted over-report (2026-10 review hardening). Real sudo rejects the target and runs nothing, so binding the inner command is a false positive — but it is over-report, never a miss, and the accompanying not a valid user specification; assuming a privileged target note names the unresolved direction. The two branches differ because a command word turns an unresolved target into a possibly-run command the analysis keeps on the safe side. Pinned by TestBindSudoRejectedTargetResidual.
A literal short-option cluster ending in a value-taking option does not pair the following word: sudo -iu root touch /x and sudo -su root touch /x leave the target unresolved and read root as the inner command Low Accepted precision residual (2026-10 review hardening). Only the dynamic twin (sudo -lu"$U") decomposes the cluster at peel time (front/bash dynamicValueOption); the fully literal cluster is left for parseArgs, which splits -iu into -i/-u with -u unsatisfied, so the target degrades to ⊤ instead of the concrete root — over-report, never a miss. Pinned by TestBindSudoLiteralClusterResidual.
An unmodelled value-taking sudo option absorbs the following word, so a decisive spelling inside it never decides the line: sudo -C -l cmd claims a certain root PrivEsc for a line sudo usage-errors Low Accepted over-report (2026-10 review hardening). -C consumes -l as its (invalid) argument and usage-errors — nothing runs; the analysis absorbs the following word for parsing but cannot know that -C's value makes the line a usage error, so it decides the remaining spelling independently and claims the elevation beside the ⊤ the line earns anyway. The absorbed word is named in an explicit note. Pinned by the elevation doctrine tests (sudo -C -l cmd case).
sudo -h host (and --host=host) is classified inert under the sudoers policy: a policy plugin supporting remote commands could execute the command remotely Low Accepted over-report boundary (2026-10 review hardening). man sudo: remote commands are unsupported by the sudoers plugin ("may be used in conjunction with the -l option"), so the analysis treats -h/--host as a listing-context modifier and claims no PrivEsc; a non-sudoers policy plugin could run the command remotely, and the report's explanatory note scopes its claim to the sudoers policy explicitly. The verdict stays ⊤ CodeExec/Conservative (DENY-or-INSPECT). Pinned by the elevation doctrine tests (sudo --host=h … cases).
A fully literal glued misspelling (sudo --usernobody …) stays an unknown flag and claims a certain root PrivEsc for a line sudo usage-errors Low Accepted over-report (2026-10 review hardening). The dynamic twin (sudo --user"$X" …) records an unsatisfied option over an unresolved target, and sudo itself rejects the misspelling and runs nothing — the literal spelling claims the most for the least-valid input, one rung less precise than its siblings (documented in specs/domains/binding.md, the Wrapper type). Pinned by the elevation doctrine tests.
Mutually exclusive sudo modes on one line (sudo -is cmd, sudo -v -l cmd, sudo -iV cmd) over-report instead of the usage error real sudo produces Low Accepted over-report (2026-10 review hardening). Real sudo usage-errors when two of the exclusive modes (-e -h -i -K -l -s -v -V) combine and runs nothing; the analysis decides each spelling independently, so such a line may claim a root elevation, a listing, or a validation beside the ⊤ the line earns anyway. The verdict stays ⊤/Critical (DENY-or-INSPECT) and no benign claim is made; only the specificity is lost. On inert lines the notes name each spelling's standalone semantics rather than the combination — the unmodeled combination itself is the residual this row documents.
sudo -e/--edit (sudoedit) is not modelled: the first file operand is peeled as the inner command, so sudo -e /etc/passwd reports a ProcSpawn of the passwd binary Low Accepted over-report (2026-10 review hardening). -e takes no value, so the normalizer has nothing to pair it with and the operand is peeled as the wrapped command, where real sudoedit opens the file in an editor as the target user. The report still carries the root escalation (grade High, DENY-or-INSPECT), so the mis-modelled process is over-report noise on a line already flagged — never a silent miss. Pinned by the binder's doctrine tests (bind.TestBindSudoElevationDoctrine, the sudoedit mode case).
sudo over a shell-only builtin (sudo true, sudo exit) reports a benign empty result — no elevation, no effects — although real sudo execs (or attempts to exec) the name as root Low Accepted precision residual (2026-10 review hardening). A shell-only builtin runs nothing observable, so the effect set is genuinely empty; the elevation FACT on the line is lost because the shell-only branch consults no resolver (consulting it would fabricate a ⊤/Critical for benign env true-style lines). Consumers keying on PrivEsc miss only a no-op elevation; every effect-carrying sudo shape is reported. Pinned by TestWrapperOverShellOnlyBuiltinStaysBenign.
A destructive-table row survives on a subsumed consult: sudo eval 'x' reports the eval entry's class-D finding — and joins its severity — although nothing executes and the binder's ⊤ effect was dropped as subsumed Low Accepted noise (2026-10 review hardening). The destructive channel is joined per resolver consult before the interpreter's ⊤-subsumption drops the corresponding effects, so on the builtin shape the two channels can disagree (the sink shape sudo sh -c '…' reports no row — its inner name resolves to nothing). The verdict already carries ⊤ CodeExec/Critical, so the row adds no severity the verdict lacks; consumers must read destructive rows together with the verdict, not as standalone claims. Pinned by TestSudoElevationSubsumedDestructiveResidual.
Wrapper elevation covers only what the bash frontend peels: doas/pkexec are in neither wrapperSpecs nor the knowledge base, and the PowerShell path peels no wrappers Low Accepted residual of the 2026-10 sudo work, which closed the elevation blind spot: a bash sudo <cmd> now carries a certain PrivEsc refined by the -u doctrine instead of a whole-command ⊤, and sudo -u nobody … is no longer flagged as an elevation. Both residuals stay on the sound side by degrading to ⊤ CodeExec — doas/pkexec name no knowledge-base command (unknown → ⊤), and on the PowerShell path sudo … is an unknown cmdlet → ⊤ — so no elevation evidence is fabricated or missed silently, but consumers get no refined elevation detail on those surfaces and must keep treating the verdicts as DENY-or-INSPECT.

Security Architecture

flowsh is an offline, stateless, single-binary analyser with no network listener, no users, and no persisted state. The subsections below state which security domains its architecture involves and what the policy requires of each — framed as rules for contributors, not as an inventory of the code.

Authentication & Authorization

The optional policy library package is a pure report consumer above api. It accepts trusted, caller-owned Go configuration and returns Allow, Review, or Deny without executing input or changing analysis. It MUST preserve deny-or- inspect for unknown/conservative reports and deny missing, invalid, incompatible, or uncovered reports. It MUST NOT read configuration from analysed content or perform runtime I/O. Consumers retain responsibility for authorisation, review, and enforcement; Allow is not a proof of confinement or safety.

Not applicable as a runtime concern — the tool exposes no service, endpoint, or session, and runs with the privileges of the invoking user, so there is no authenticated principal or authorization decision to make. The requirement it does carry:

  • The analysis path MUST NOT introduce authentication state, network listeners, multi-user session handling, or credential validation. If a hosted/wrapped deployment is ever built, that wrapper owns authN/authZ — flowsh itself stays a pure function from text to report.

Data Protection

The analyser reads one sensitive input (the command text) and emits one sensitive output (the report, which echoes that text). Requirements:

  • Treat report.input and every report field as potentially secret-bearing; a command may embed tokens, keys, or credentials inline.
  • Consumers MUST NOT log, persist, or transmit a report containing a secret-bearing command without redaction.
  • Any movement of a report off-host MUST use TLS; reports MUST NOT be written to shared or world-readable locations by default.
  • The analyser MUST NOT read environment variables, config files, or any file on disk at run time (the knowledge base is compiled in); doing so would extend the sensitive-data surface for no functional need.

Secret Management

The analyser holds no secrets and needs none at run time. Requirements:

  • flowsh MUST NEVER require an environment variable, config file, token, or key to run. Configuration is the embedded knowledge base plus CLI flags only.
  • Secrets MUST NEVER appear in the knowledge base, the corpus, test fixtures, example commands, or the report contract.
  • No runtime secret fetch, no remote rule/KB download, and no dynamic configuration endpoint may be added to the analysis path.

Dependency Management

The runtime dependency set is deliberately tiny (two direct modules — github.com/odvcencio/gotreesitter and mvdan.cc/sh/v3 — pinned in go.mod/go.sum). Requirements:

  • All dependencies MUST be pinned to exact versions with go.sum entries; no floating ranges.
  • Keep the dependency graph minimal and pure-Go: adding a dependency that pulls in cgo, or that re-implements functionality already present, requires maintainer justification.
  • Run go mod verify and govulncheck ./... in CI and block merges on reachable findings; review changelogs before bumping a module.
  • The knowledge base MUST continue to use the built-in, dependency-free YAML reader rather than introducing a third-party YAML parser into the analysis path (kb/loader.go).

Input Validation & Parsing Robustness

The command text is untrusted. The architecture handles it conservatively rather than by rejecting it, and that behaviour is a requirement, not an implementation detail:

  • Every stage that consumes untrusted source MUST be bounded: the bash interpreter by its step budget and function/alias/record caps, and the PowerShell parser by its wall-clock timeout (front/bash/exec.go, front/ps/parse.go).
  • Parsing and lowering MUST NOT panic on malformed input; every failure MUST degrade to ⊤ (CodeExec over the any-target scope) with a human-readable reason (specs/architecture/conservatism.md).
  • No unbounded construct (unbounded loop, unbounded recursion, unbounded expansion) may be introduced into the analysis path.
  • The no-silent-miss invariant MUST hold: a report is valid only if it carries an effect, ⊤, or the conservative flag (Report.Covered() in internal/analysis/analyze.go). Analysis MUST NEVER "fail open" to a benign/no-effect result.

Output Encoding & Injection Prevention

The report deliberately embeds attacker-controlled text. Requirements:

  • Reports MUST be serialised through encoding/json (which escapes output); reports MUST NEVER be assembled by string concatenation.
  • Consumers MUST treat every report field — especially input, reason, and notes — as untrusted data and apply context-appropriate encoding (shell, HTML, JSON, log) before rendering or re-emitting it. A report is data, never a command.
  • No code in the analysis path may eval, exec, or otherwise interpret the analysed text. Modelling a CodeExec effect is not the same as performing one — the analyser records that a command could execute data; it never does.

Logging, Monitoring & Incident Response

  • The analyser itself MUST NOT log; its output is the report on stdout and diagnostics on stderr (cmd/flowsh/main.go). Error messages MUST NOT reveal more than the caller already supplied.
  • Consumers SHOULD record the verdict for auditability — tool, toolVersion, schemaVersion, top, conservative, score.grade — while redacting secret-bearing command text.
  • Security-relevant events worth monitoring downstream are a rising ⊤ / conservative rate, latency near the budget, and any corpus or latency/recall gate failure in CI.

Build, Release & Supply-Chain Integrity

  • CI MUST run gofmt, go build, go vet, the pinned linter (golangci-lint with .golangci.yml), the dead-code gate (deadcode -test ./...), the documentation hygiene gate (no unresolved placeholders in this policy; all relative Markdown links resolve), the corpus + latency/recall gates (which include the CLI smoke test cmd/flowsh/smoke_test.go), and go test -race on a three-OS matrix (ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-latest; the -race step runs on Linux only), and MUST operate with least privilege (the workflow pins permissions: contents: read) (.github/workflows/ci.yml).
  • Edits to kb/data/*.yaml and testdata/corpus/*.json MUST be reviewed as security-sensitive changes: they directly change the guard's verdicts.
  • Releases MUST be tagged and, where the distribution channel supports it, signed, so consumers can verify the binary that produces the report.
  • Releases are cut by .github/workflows/release.yml when a vX.Y.Z tag is pushed. The workflow re-runs go vet and the test gates on the tagged commit, then GoReleaser (.goreleaser.yaml) builds the supported OS/arch matrix (linux/amd64, linux/arm64, darwin/arm64, windows/amd64), writes a SHA-256 checksums.txt and publishes a GitHub Release; a follow-up job attests SLSA build provenance over the released bytes, verifiable with gh attestation verify <file> --repo v0lka/flowsh.

Agentic Application Security

Scope note. flowsh is not an AI agent: it has no model, no plan, no tool-calling loop, no memory store, and no inter-agent channel. It is, however, designed to be consumed as a guardrail by agentic runtimes — the component a shell-executing agent (or its human operator) consults before running a command. The categories below are therefore assessed against that role: what the policy requires of flowsh and of its consumers so that the guard remains a trustworthy control in an agent's tool path. The unifying principle is least agency — the analyser must never be able to do more than turn text into a report, and the guarding logic must sit outside the agent it guards.

ASI01 — Agent Goal Hijacking

Applicable. The analysed command is attacker-controlled text and may embed natural-language instructions aimed at a downstream consumer. Requirements:

  • The analyser MUST be deterministic and non-steerable by the content it analyses: the same input MUST always yield the same report, with no instruction-following behaviour and no natural-language interpretation.
  • The entire command MUST be treated as data, including any text that looks like an instruction, a policy override, or an "ignore previous" directive.
  • Consumers MUST NOT allow analysed content to redirect the guard's policy or the agent's goal; the guard's verdict is computed from the command's structure, not from prose inside it.

ASI02 — Tool Misuse and Exploitation

Applicable. In an agent's toolset, flowsh is a read-only analyser. Requirements:

  • flowsh MUST remain analysis-only, side-effect-free, and idempotent: no execution, no writes, no network. It MUST NOT gain the ability to act on the commands it reports.
  • Consumers MUST treat flowsh as a tool to be allowlisted and gated on, and MUST require a gate for irreversible actions regardless of the agent's request — a benign verdict is one input to a decision, not an authorization.
  • top and conservative MUST be treated as deny-or-inspect, and a Covered()==false result (a miss) MUST be treated as a failure, never as "safe".

ASI03 — Agent Identity and Privilege Abuse

Applicable (low surface). flowsh runs under the caller's identity and holds no credentials. Requirements:

  • flowsh MUST NOT require, hold, request, or inherit credentials, and MUST NOT escalate privilege; it MUST run read-only with no ambient authority.
  • Because it is stateless and identity-free, there is no confused-deputy path within the analyser; consumers that wrap it in a service MUST, however, scope that wrapper's credentials to the minimum and log the verdict together with the verified principal and the toolVersion that produced it.

ASI04 — Agentic Supply Chain Compromise

Applicable. The knowledge base and dependency graph are the trusted inputs an agent relies on. Requirements:

  • The KB and all dependencies MUST be pinned and reviewed; KB edits are security-sensitive code review (see Build, Release & Supply-Chain Integrity).
  • Inputs MUST stay embedded and static: no runtime fetch of rules, no dynamic plugin/grammar loading, no remote-configurable policy. A new dialect or grammar is added as a pinned, reviewed compile-time dependency — never discovered at run time.
  • Tool descriptions and schema versions exposed to consumers MUST accurately describe the analyser's behaviour (analysis only; never execution).

ASI05 — Unexpected Code Execution

Applicable, and central. This analyser reasons about code execution and MUST never perform it. Requirements:

  • The analysis path MUST NEVER execute the analysed input: no os/exec, no syscall.Exec, no shell-out, no plugin loading, no eval-equivalent of analysed text — anywhere, including tests that use real command text.
  • Emitting a CodeExec effect is a report about what a command implies; it MUST NEVER be implemented as, or coupled to, actually running that command.
  • Consumers MUST NOT pipe a report (or report.input) into an interpreter or executor; reports are data.

ASI06 — Memory and Context Poisoning

Applicable (minimal). flowsh is stateless across calls. Requirements:

  • The analyser MUST remain stateless: the only shared state is the immutable, embed-loaded knowledge base memoised once per process; there MUST be no persistent store and no cache keyed on untrusted input that an attacker could poison to influence a later verdict.
  • The knowledge base MUST be read-only at run time; nothing in the analysis path may write to it or to any on-disk rule store.

ASI07 — Insecure Inter-Agent Communication

Not applicable. flowsh sends no messages to, and receives none from, other agents; it produces a passive report artifact and has no delegation protocol, message bus, or peer trust relationship. If a future deployment adds agent-to-agent delivery of verdicts, this policy MUST be revisited and the channel authenticated and integrity-protected before it ships.

ASI08 — Cascading Agent Failures

Applicable. As a guard, flowsh MUST fail closed, and its consumers MUST honour that. Requirements:

  • On any error, timeout, or bound exhaustion, flowsh MUST yield ⊤ (or set the conservative flag) with a reason — never a benign result and never a crash. This fail-closed degradation is a hard requirement of the analysis path.
  • Consumers MUST treat a missing, errored, ⊤, or conservative verdict as DENY-or-INSPECT, and MUST NOT improvise an unanalysed fallback around a guard that is unavailable or undecided.
  • Downstream systems SHOULD monitor deny/⊤ rates as a cascade signal.

ASI09 — Human-Agent Trust Exploitation

Applicable. Operators and agents tend to over-trust a confident-looking verdict. Requirements:

  • The report MUST expose the signals that calibrate trust — conservative, top, reason, score.grade, and score.confidence — and consumers MUST surface them rather than presenting a bare summary.
  • A benign verdict means only that the analyser understood the input as benign; it is not a proof of safety, and consumers MUST communicate it as such. The analyser MUST NOT inflate confidence (confidence is reduced for ⊤ and unbounded targets).
  • Machine-generated verdicts SHOULD be labelled as such, and any human-approval gate SHOULD show the raw command alongside the verdict rather than an agent-written summary of it.

ASI10 — Rogue Agents

Applicable. The agent being guarded may try to bypass, rubber-stamp, or drift away from the guard. Requirements:

  • flowsh MUST stay deterministic and versioned (schemaVersion, toolVersion) so a verdict can be reproduced and attributed.
  • The guard MUST run out-of-band from the agent it guards — its verdict cannot be computed or overridden by the very agent whose command is under scrutiny.
  • Consumers SHOULD retain an auditable verdict log and MUST NOT grant an agent the ability to disable or mutate the guard at run time.

Secure Coding Guidelines

These guidelines apply to all contributors: human developers, reviewers, and AI/LLM coding agents. Automated agents MUST treat them as hard constraints. They are tailored to this Go code base and its flowsh invariants.

Command Execution — Absolute Prohibition

  • The analysis path MUST NEVER execute, spawn, or signal a process derived from the analysed input. os/exec, syscall.Exec, os.StartProcess, plugin loading, and shell-out are forbidden anywhere reachable from Analyze.
  • The only permitted interpretation of a command is parsing it with the frontend parsers; the only permitted output is a Report.

Input Validation & Parsing

  • Validate/parse untrusted input at the boundary using the existing frontends; never add a bespoke parser that skips the bounded, panic-recovering path.
  • Prefer allowlists (closed EffectKind/EffectMode/Dialect/ParamKind sets) over open-ended string handling (engine/effect.go, kb/schema.go).
  • Every loop, recursion, or expansion over untrusted-derived data MUST be bounded; reuse the existing named limits rather than adding ad-hoc guards.
  • Canonicalise and validate before use: knowledge-base spec/kind agreement, destructive-entry referential integrity, and dialect membership are all checked — new data types MUST be validated the same way.

The ⊤ / No-Silent-Miss Invariant

  • Any construct a stage cannot bound MUST degrade to ⊤ — CodeExec over the any-target scope — never to "no effect". Do not invent a second ⊤ shape.
  • Never emit a ⊤ with a non-CodeExec kind or a non-top target; HasTop and the severity propagation depend on the exact shape.
  • Never set conservative/top without emitting the corresponding ⊤ effect.
  • Preserve Report.Normalize before comparison or serialisation so equal effect sets produce byte-identical reports.

Output Encoding & Injection Prevention

  • Serialise reports only with encoding/json; never build JSON or summaries by string concatenation (internal/analysis/analyze.go).
  • Treat the report as data at every hop: no interpolation of report fields into shell commands, HTML, or any interpreter context without contextual escaping.
  • Keep the human-readable summary single-line per field (oneLine) so embedded newlines in an analysed command cannot forge additional output lines.

Error Handling & the Fail-Closed Rule

  • Fail closed: on any unexpected condition, produce ⊤ rather than a benign result. Never let an internal error surface as "nothing to see here".
  • Do not expose internal paths, stack traces, or implementation detail in user-facing diagnostics; keep messages as informative as the caller's own input.
  • NEVER log or embed secrets. The analysed command may contain them; do not copy them into notes, reasons, or fixtures beyond the caller-supplied input.

Concurrency & Resource Bounds

  • The memoised knowledge base is shared and MUST stay immutable after load; do not add mutable shared state to the analysis path (kb/loader.go).
  • Never remove, raise, or bypass the analysis bounds (step budget, function/alias caps, parse timeout) to gain precision; bounds are a robustness contract.
  • Guard against Go-specific pitfalls: check integer arithmetic in budget/limit math for overflow, avoid leaking goroutines in any new timed path, and keep the build free of cgo and the unsafe package.

Fine & Resource Handling

  • The analyser reads only embedded data and stdin, and writes only stdout/stderr; any new file, network, or environment access MUST be justified, reviewed, and is normally grounds for rejection.
  • Corpus and KB loading MUST validate content (schema version, unknown keys, duplicates, referential integrity) and fail loudly during development rather than silently at analysis time.

Cryptography

Not applicable at run time — the analyser performs no cryptographic operation and stores no key material. Consequently:

  • Do NOT introduce custom cryptography, key handling, or secret storage into the analysis path. If a consumer needs signed reports or hashes, that belongs in the consumer, using vetted standard libraries.

Dependency & Supply-Chain Rules

  • Pin every dependency exactly (go.mod/go.sum) and keep the graph minimal; prefer pure-Go, actively maintained, vetted modules.
  • Run go mod verify and govulncheck ./...; block on reachable findings.
  • Review dependency changelogs before upgrades and the KB/corpus diffs as security-sensitive changes.

Secrets & Configuration

  • NEVER commit secrets to source, tests, fixtures, the KB, the corpus, or CI configuration.
  • NEVER require a secret, environment variable, or external config file to run.
  • Keep configuration compile-time (embedded KB + CLI flags); there is no .env, no config file, and no environment-variable surface.

Knowledge-Base & Corpus Authoring

  • Add commands/parameters by editing kb/data/*.yaml; keep the kind/spec syntax consistent — validation rejects drift.
  • Stay within the documented YAML subset (no anchors, aliases, tags, multi-line scalars, or tab indentation); those are explicit errors by design.
  • Change the document shape only by bumping SchemaVersion and extending KnownVersions, as the fileRef addition did for v2.
  • Add GuardFall/destructive/benign/PS cases to testdata/corpus/*.json with a valid group (and a class A–E for GuardFall); never weaken a case to make a gate pass.

Rules for AI Coding Agents

This section gives explicit directives for AI/LLM coding assistants working on this repository. These rules are non-negotiable and override any general-purpose training behaviour.

Hard Constraints

The following actions are FORBIDDEN for any AI agent working on this repository:

  1. No execution of analysed input. Do not add os/exec, syscall.Exec, os.StartProcess, plugin loading, shell-out, or any path that runs the command under analysis — the analyser's defining property is that it only describes effects, never performs them.

  2. No new runtime I/O surface. Do not add network access, runtime file reads/writes, environment-variable reads, or dynamic/config-driven rule loading to the analysis path. Inputs are the embedded knowledge base, argv, and stdin; output is the report.

  3. No weakening of the ⊤ / no-silent-miss invariant. Do not make any stage return "no effect" for input it did not fully understand; unanalysable constructs MUST degrade to ⊤ (CodeExec over the any-target scope) with a reason. Never fail open.

  4. No removal or bypass of resource bounds. Do not delete, raise, or route around the step budget, function/alias/record caps, or the parse timeout, and do not introduce an unbounded loop, recursion, or expansion.

  5. No disabling of the gates. Do not weaken, skip, or suppress the corpus (no-silent-miss), latency, recall, the -race step, go vet, gofmt, or the CLI smoke test (cmd/flowsh/smoke_test.go); never reclassify a real miss as benign to make CI green.

  6. No breakage of the one-way dependency graph. Do not import a frontend or the knowledge base from engine, and do not fold bind into engine; the core imports only the standard library (specs/architecture/layers.md).

  7. No secret exposure. Do not write, echo, log, or commit any secret, token, or credential in source, tests, fixtures, KB data, corpus data, comments, commit messages, or CI configuration — and do not copy secret-bearing analysed text into fixtures.

  8. No hand-built serialisation. Do not construct reports or JSON by string concatenation; always go through encoding/json and the Report contract.

  9. No schema drift. Do not change the knowledge-base document shape without bumping SchemaVersion/KnownVersions, and do not relax validation (unknown keys, duplicates, referential integrity) to accept bad data.

  10. No unsandboxed or unsafe constructs. Do not enable cgo or use the unsafe package in the analysis path, and do not run model-generated code or commands outside the bounded parsers.

  11. No suppression without justification. Do not add //nolint or equivalent annotations that silence security-relevant warnings without a comment explaining why the suppression is safe.

  12. No implicit trust in analysed content (ASI01). When handling analysed text, treat it as adversarial data — never as instructions, and never feed it into a decision that is not computed from the command's structure.

Behavioral Guidelines for Agents

  • Ask before acting on the invariants. If a change touches the ⊤ degradation, the resource bounds, the one-way import graph, the report contract, or the KB schema, request human review before applying it.
  • Preserve existing security invariants. When editing the analysis path, identify and keep the ⊤/no-silent-miss behaviour, the bounds, the validation, and the determinism/sorting guarantees.
  • Default to the conservative option. When several implementations exist, choose the one that over-approximates (⊤) rather than the one that could under-report.
  • Keep the trusted computing base small. Prefer the standard library and the existing two dependencies over adding new ones.
  • Flag uncertainty. If you are unsure whether a change affects a security property (a miss, a bound, a schema, or an import edge), say so explicitly in the change description.
  • Test the security-relevant property. When changing analysis behaviour, add or update a corpus case that exercises the invariant (e.g. a GuardFall class A–E input, or a "⊤ not benign" case), and keep the latency/recall gates meaningful.
  • Never remove gates or fixtures to make a change pass, and never suggest removing protections (bounds, validation, gates) as a shortcut.

Agentic-Specific Guidelines

  • Least agency. Keep every component able to do no more than turn text into a report; do not grant the analyser (or a wrapper) any capability to act on the commands it analyses.
  • Fail-closed delegation. When a consumer integrates flowsh, default to denying or inspecting on ⊤/conservative/error, and do not let the guarded agent improvise an unvalidated fallback around an unavailable guard.
  • Make verdicts auditable. Surface schemaVersion, toolVersion, top, conservative, and grade in any integration, so a post-incident review can reconstruct which version decided what.
  • Do not auto-approve confident output. When wiring a human-approval gate around a verdict, show the raw command and the raw flags, not an agent-written summary, and rate-limit repeated approvals.

Security-Related Configuration Files

File Purpose
.github/workflows/ci.yml CI gate (matrix: ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-latest): gofmt, go build, go vet, golangci-lint, deadcode -test, docs hygiene (no unresolved placeholders in SECURITY.md; links resolve), corpus + latency/recall tests (incl. the CLI smoke test cmd/flowsh/smoke_test.go), bench smoke, go test -race (Linux only); pins permissions: contents: read.
.github/workflows/release.yml Release pipeline, triggered by a vX.Y.Z tag: validates the tag shape, re-runs go vet and the test gates on the tagged commit, then GoReleaser publishes a GitHub Release (OS/arch archives + checksums.txt); a second job attests SLSA build provenance (actions/attest-build-provenance). Least privilege: the workflow pins permissions: contents: read and widens per job (contents: write to publish; id-token/attestations to attest).
.goreleaser.yaml GoReleaser release configuration: cross-build matrix, -ldflags build stamp, archive naming, SHA-256 checksums and changelog generation.
go.mod / go.sum Dependency graph and exact-version pinning (hash verification).
kb/data/ (kb/data/*.yaml — 23 reviewed documents: archive, bsd, build, builtins, cloud, codehost, containers, coreutils, datatools, destructive, findutils, gnu, linting, net, pkgmgr, plumbing, procps, remote, security, systemd, toolchain, util-linux, vcs) Embedded, reviewed knowledge-base dataset — security-sensitive to change.
kb/schema.go Frozen, versioned knowledge-base document schema (effect-kb/v2).
testdata/corpus/ Conformance corpus (GuardFall A–E, destructive, benign, PS) — the no-silent-miss gate.
AGENTS.md Instructions for AI coding agents; points to this policy.
specs/ System specifications and ADRs that fix the invariants this policy protects.

Revision History

Date Author Change
2026-09-15 @v0lka Initial version

There aren't any published security advisories