chore: upgrade tooling to RN 0.85, TypeScript 6, and bob 0.41

[hryhoriiK97]

What/Why?

This PR upgrades the library's dev toolchain to align with the current template and React Native 0.85.

What it does:

• Bumps root dev dependencies: React Native 0.84.1 → 0.85.0, TypeScript 5.9 → 6, react-native-builder-bob 0.40.18 → 0.41.0, and related tooling (ESLint, commitlint, CLI, turbo, Prettier)
• Keeps apps/example on RN 0.85.3 (latest 0.85 patch); only bumps bob there and in apps/macos-example
• Removes Jest — the only test was a it.todo placeholder; Maestro E2E already covers user-facing behavior
• Fixes TS 6 compatibility (@types/node, types: ["node"] in tsconfig, explicit typing in withIosMath)
• Applies Prettier 3.8 formatting fixes in two type definition files

Why it's needed:

• Stay current with the RN ecosystem and Callstack library template conventions
• Unblock TypeScript 6 and bob 0.41, which the template already uses
• Drop dead Jest scaffolding that added CI overhead without real coverage
• Ensure yarn prepare / codegen continues to work with the updated CLI and bob versions

Not in scope:

• apps/web-example (still on RN 0.84.1) and apps/macos-example RN version (still 0.81.x) — only bob is bumped there for consistency with the monorepo build setup

PR Checklist

• Code compiles and runs on iOS
• Code compiles and runs on Android
• Updated documentation/README if applicable
• Ran example app to verify changes
• E2E tests are passing
• Required E2E tests have been added (if applicable)