Implementation of RFC 2289 (associated_type_bounds)

[alexreg]

This PR implements the asociated_type_bounds feature.

Associated type bounds are implemented in:

• function/method arguments and return types
• structs, enums, unions
• associated items in traits
• type aliases
• type parameter defaults
• trait objects
• let bindings

CC @nikomatsakis @Centril

[rust-highfive]

r? @michaelwoerister

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[michaelwoerister]

r? @nikomatsakis for re-assignment.

[oli-obk]

A few things:

• Would you be so kind and remove the unrelated commits from this PR?
• A test would be great
• we might have to create additional inference variables in the inference code for existential types. I would start by looking at what the difference in inference is between impl trait and existential types

[alexreg]

@oli-obk Oh absolutely – I'll clean up the commits in due time. You mean a test for your own debugging purposes? I can add one, though I was planning on writing actual regression tests later.

"what the difference in inference is between impl trait and existential types"

Adding an inference variable sounds like a sensible idea. What do you mean by this however?

[oli-obk]

I am not actually sure how to address the issue, so I'd suggest comparing what happens when you use explicit existential types instead of impl Trait (on discord you said that works), an then see how to replicate that behaviour with impl trait. Basically look for the point where the behaviour diverges. You can use RUST_LOG to dump the debug messages into separate files and compare the output.

[alexreg]

@oli-obk Yeah, I've tried that, but it's too difficult for me to spot.

[alexreg]

@oli-obk Here are the debug outputs produced by rustc_typeck in the working case and failing case. https://gist.github.com/alexreg/b39523cf61c25d5229fa0316ef372b4e

Here's the code.

#![feature(existential_type)]

use std::fmt::{Debug, Display};

trait TraitB {
    type AssocB;
}

trait TraitC {
}

// Failing case:
existential type Bar: Debug + TraitB<AssocB = impl Send>;
// Working case:
existential type Bar: Debug + TraitB<AssocB = _0>;
existential type _0: Send;

impl TraitB for i32 {
    type AssocB = u32;
}

impl TraitC for i32 {
}

fn a() -> Bar {
    42
}

fn main() {}

[oli-obk]

The major difference seems to be this part. Tracking down why that additional code is run only in the successful case should shed some light on what we need to do in the failing case

You will get a cleaner diff if you add existential type _0: Send; in the failing case, too, but don't use it. You might need some reordering of the items to get the compiler to run everything in the same order.

[alexreg]

@oli-obk I'm pretty sure that's not the issue. The extra code for the working case is just because type resolution has to go through the indirection of resolving the path before it gets to the opaque types. If you look at the code that follows, it's basically identical. Hmm.

[nikomatsakis]

@alexreg I've pushed a commit that gets things building and adds some debug printouts.

I compared the logs from the working/not-working example.

The problem seems to be that, in the not working case, the "parent" of the impl trait is the wrong thing -- I see it as NodeId(23). I didn't dig hard enough to be sure what that is, but I would presume it's the existential type declaration itself.

This means that we only search the children of that existential type declaration to find the "defining uses" for the impl trait -- and naturally we don't find any, because the defining use is elsewhere in the module.

In this case of an impl Trait embedded in the bounds of an existential type, presumably the parent should be the "grandparent" -- the module that encloses the existential type -- so that the defining uses can be found at the same time.

[nikomatsakis]

If you'd like to see what I'm talking about, try running your example with RUST_LOG=rustc_typeck::collect and grepping for find_existential_constraints.

[alexreg]

@nikomatsakis So, I thought a pretty similar thing at first, but it turns out the error is coming before find_existential_constraints is called, as highlighted by this log:

error[E0271]: type mismatch resolving `<i32 as TraitB>::AssocB == impl std::marker::Send`
  --> atb.rs:37:1
   |
37 | existential type Bar: Debug + TraitB<AssocB = impl Send>;
   | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ expected u32, found opaque type
   |
   = note: expected type `u32`
              found type `impl std::marker::Send`
   = note: the return type of a function must have a statically known size

DEBUG 2019-01-25T02:19:53Z: rustc_typeck::collect: find_existential_constraints(DefId(0/1:9 ~ atb[317d]::Bar[0]::{{impl-Trait}}[0]))
TRACE 2019-01-25T02:19:53Z: rustc_typeck::collect: find_existential_constraints: parent_id=NodeId(0)

I've fixed it so parent_id=NodeId(0) is correct now (i.e. the grandparent not parent), but that's not enough, because the type mismatch has already occurred. Do we need to delay type-checking of the associated type in such cases? Perhaps by creating an inference var? Advice appreciated. :-)

[oli-obk]

I find it very hard to review this PR with all the unrelated formatting changes intermingled with the actual changes. Could you use git add -p from now on to do separate commits for the different kinds of changes?

[alexreg]

@bors r=nikomatsakis,Centril

[bors]

📌 Commit ee89033 has been approved by nikomatsakis,Centril

[bors]

⌛ Testing commit ee89033 with merge 740668d...

[bors]

☀️ Test successful - checks-travis, status-appveyor
Approved by: nikomatsakis,Centril
Pushing 740668d to master...