Update to LLVM 17

[nikic]

Expected LLVM 17.0.0 release date: Sep 5th
Rust 1.73 release date: Oct 5th

Compatibility changes in this PR:

• Drop LLVM_RUSTLLVM check for target-cpu table, which no longer requires a patch with LLVM 17.
• Update powerpc data layouts, which now include function alignment information. As usual, downgrade for older LLVM versions.
• Adjust the stack-protector.rs test so that the stack smashing does not get optimized away.
• Adjust path of crtbegin.c and crtend.c in compiler-rt.
• Updated dist-riscv64-linux to use binutils 2.36 in order to recognize the zicsr feature, which is no longer part of the base ISA.
• Fixed symlink for asm include directory on dist-various-2. We should use /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/asm for the host, rather than /usr/include/asm-generic.

Upstream patches:

• https://reviews.llvm.org/D156525 (backported)

Perf run: https://perf.rust-lang.org/compare.html?start=f239bb6bea94d16d902c36d72b5cabdddefb3cab&end=8030d71a95a3ea79f5fc95232c32f9b78effb92d&stat=instructions:u

Fixes #109671.

Successful: dist-x86_64-linux, dist-aarch64-linux, dist-s390x-linux, dist-powerpc-linux, armhf-gnu, wasm32

[rustbot]

These commits modify compiler targets.
(See the Target Tier Policy.)

[nikic]

@bors try @rust-timer queue

[bors]

⌛ Trying commit 26d460f1909c8fc5f29b68fc170531cc70668a89 with merge 7771f7d16a0851edef19de472fea2b17e0179579...

[bors]

💔 Test failed - checks-actions

[klensy]

CMake 3.20.0 or higher is required. You are running version 3.17.5

but was bumped in #113714?

Can this interfere with next cmake build in cmake.sh?

rust/src/ci/docker/host-x86_64/dist-x86_64-linux/Dockerfile

Line 38 in ff8fe76

RUN mkdir -p /rustroot/bin && ln -s /usr/bin/cmake3 /rustroot/bin/cmake

[Kobzol]

Probably #113931 should be merged first to make sure that all build dependencies are fine with Ubuntu 22.04 (and no manual CMake installation).

[nikic]

@bors try

[bors]

⌛ Trying commit 6c043155b18366d88d87d888abb8c9efb562c8b8 with merge bc5850257ce53374866a70b2ba693ff4b64a0a5f...

[nikic]

@bors try

[bors]

⌛ Trying commit 6be1ee2771bd2c51d2ccdaf05819a458d1124695 with merge 3c3d525b34cf1491d7ff1e217aa1d892d51f0102...