[BUG] Plotly Cloud devtool route crashes with FastAPI and Quart backends

[c0debeez]

Describe your context

• OS: Linux on WSL2
• Python: 3.13.11
• Browser: N/A (server-side issue reproduced with backend test clients)

Dash 4.5.0rc0 / FastAPI environment:
dash          4.5.0rc0
plotly-cloud  0.5.0
fastapi       0.141.1

Dash 4.5.0rc0 / Quart environment (isolated):
dash          4.5.0rc0
plotly-cloud  0.5.0
quart         0.23.1

Describe the bug

With the FastAPI or Quart backend, the Plotly Cloud devtool registers POST /_plotly_cloud_publish, but its handler calls flask.request.get_json(). Neither backend provides a Flask request context, so this route returns HTTP 500:

File "plotly_cloud/_devtool_hooks.py", line 36, in plotly_cloud_publish_rpc
    data = flask.request.get_json()
RuntimeError: Working outside of request context.

This is exposed by default in Dash 4.5.0rc0 because #3947 made plotly-cloud a default dependency. To distinguish the dependency change from the underlying compatibility issue, I tested isolated environments:

Environment	Cloud route registered?	POST result
Dash 4.4.1, without Plotly Cloud	No	N/A
Dash 4.4.1 + Plotly Cloud 0.5.0	Yes	500 (FastAPI and Quart)
Dash 4.5.0rc0, without explicitly installing Plotly Cloud	Yes	500 (FastAPI and Quart)

Steps to reproduce

Install dash[fastapi,quart]==4.5.0rc0 and httpx, then run the following script in separate processes with fastapi and quart as the argument:

import asyncio
import sys

from dash import Dash, html
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

backend = sys.argv[1]
app = Dash(__name__, backend=backend)
app.layout = html.Div("Hello")
app.enable_dev_tools(debug=True, dev_tools_ui=True)

if backend == "fastapi":
    response = TestClient(
        app.server, raise_server_exceptions=False
    ).post("/_plotly_cloud_publish", json={})
else:
    response = asyncio.run(
        app.server.test_client().post("/_plotly_cloud_publish", json={})
    )

print(response.status_code)  # 500 for both backends

Expected behavior

Enabling Dash Dev Tools with FastAPI or Quart should not register a Plotly Cloud route that crashes. The integration should support these backends or omit its devtool and route when they are unsupported.

Screenshots

Not applicable; this is a server-side error.