RIINA

Formally verified programming language.

If it compiles, it's secure.

Security properties are not tested, not assumed — they are mathematically proven at compile time.

Try the Playground | RIINA vs Rust | Website

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  ╚═╝  ╚═╝╚═╝╚═╝╚═╝  ╚═══╝╚═╝  ╚═╝

  Rigorous Immutable Invariant, No Assumptions

Bahasa Melayu | 中文

What is RIINA?

RIINA is a programming language where every security guarantee has a machine-checked mathematical proof. If your program compiles, it is secure — not by convention, not by best practice, but by proof.

Most languages ask you to trust that your code is secure. RIINA asks you to verify it.

What RIINA proves at compile time	How
No information leaks between security levels	Non-interference theorem (Coq)
No unauthorized effect execution	Effect gate algebra (Coq)
Type safety (no runtime type errors)	Progress + Preservation theorems (Coq)
No secret data in public outputs	Declassification policy proofs (Coq)
Termination of all pure computations	Strong normalization proofs (Coq)
Memory safety without garbage collection	Separation logic proofs (Coq)

These are not aspirational goals — they are proven theorems that compile today.

Why RIINA?

If you write software where security matters, RIINA is for you.

Building a payments system? RIINA proves cardholder data never leaks.
Building healthcare software? RIINA proves patient records stay confidential.
Building infrastructure? RIINA proves no unauthorized side effects execute.
Building anything? RIINA gives you zero-trust guarantees from the compiler itself.

RIINA doesn't care what industry you're in. If you care about getting security right — provably, permanently, without hoping your tests caught everything — RIINA is the tool.

What makes RIINA different from every other language

Feature	RIINA	Rust	Haskell	Ada/SPARK
Memory safety	Proven (separation logic)	Borrow checker (no proof)	GC	Proven (SPARK subset)
Information flow control	Proven (non-interference)	None	None	None
Effect tracking	Proven (effect algebra)	None	Monads (no proof)	None
Type safety	Proven (Progress + Preservation)	Tested	Tested	Proven (SPARK subset)
Zero external dependencies	Yes (compiler, crypto, stdlib)	No	No	No
Formal proofs ship with compiler	Yes (6,720 Qed theorems)	No	No	Partial
Bahasa Melayu native syntax	Yes	No	No	No

Website: ib823.github.io/riina

Quick Start

Install

git clone https://github.com/ib823/riina.git
cd riina/03_PROTO
cargo build --release

The compiler binary is riinac. Zero external dependencies — everything is built from source.

Alternative install methods:

# Docker
docker pull riina
docker run --rm riina check myfile.rii

# Nix
nix run github:ib823/riina

# Portable installer (builds from source)
bash scripts/install.sh

Hello World

Create hello.rii:

// Hello World in RIINA
// Keywords are in Bahasa Melayu (Malaysian Malay)

fungsi utama() -> Teks kesan IO {
    biar mesej = "Selamat datang ke RIINA!";
    cetakln(mesej);
    pulang mesej;
}

riinac check hello.rii    # Type-check and verify
riinac run hello.rii      # Run directly
riinac build hello.rii    # Compile to native binary via C

Security in Action

// RIINA prevents information leaks at compile time

fungsi proses_pembayaran(kad: Rahsia<Teks>, jumlah: Nombor) -> Teks kesan Crypto {
    // 'kad' is Secret — the compiler PROVES it never reaches public output

    biar hash = sha256(kad);           // OK: crypto on secret data
    biar resit = "Jumlah: " + ke_teks(jumlah);  // OK: amount is public

    // cetakln(kad);                   // COMPILE ERROR: secret data in IO effect
    // pulang kad;                     // COMPILE ERROR: secret in public return

    pulang resit;                      // OK: only public data returned
}

This is not a runtime check. This is not a linter warning. The compiler proves at the type level that secret data cannot flow to public outputs. If it compiles, the guarantee holds.

Effect System

// Every side effect is tracked and proven safe

fungsi baca_config(laluan: Teks) -> Teks kesan IO {
    biar kandungan = fail_baca(laluan);
    pulang kandungan;
}

fungsi kira_cukai(pendapatan: Nombor) -> Nombor kesan Bersih {
    // This function is PROVEN pure — no IO, no network, no side effects
    // The compiler enforces this, not the programmer
    pulang pendapatan * 0.06;
}

// Dependencies cannot escalate effects without explicit permission
// A crypto library cannot secretly open network connections

Bahasa Melayu Syntax

RIINA uses Bahasa Melayu (Malaysian Malay) keywords — the first systems programming language with native Southeast Asian syntax.

RIINA	English	Example
`fungsi`	fn	`fungsi tambah(x: Nombor) -> Nombor`
`biar`	let	`biar nama = "Ahmad";`
`kalau`	if	`kalau x > 0 { ... }`
`lain`	else	`lain { ... }`
`untuk`	for	`untuk x dalam senarai { ... }`
`selagi`	while	`selagi aktif { ... }`
`pulang`	return	`pulang hasil;`
`padan`	match	`padan nilai { ... }`
`rahsia`	secret	`biar kunci: Rahsia<Teks>`
`dedah`	declassify	`dedah(nilai)`
`kesan`	effect	`kesan IO`
`bersih`	pure	`kesan Bersih`
`betul` / `salah`	true / false	Boolean values
`ubah`	mut	`biar ubah x = 0;`

You don't need to speak Malay to use RIINA. The keywords are consistent, short, and learnable in an afternoon. But if you do speak Malay, this is the first language that speaks your language.

What's Been Built

This is not a whitepaper. This is working software.

Formal Proofs (Coq 8.20.1)

Metric	Value
Proof files (.v)	283 (249 in active build)
Proven theorems (Qed)	4,890 (active build)
Unfinished proofs (admit/Admitted)	0 (entire active build)
Axioms	4 (all justified, documented)
Lines of proof	125,186
Build status	Passing

What's proven:

Type safety (Progress + Preservation)
Non-interference (information flow security)
Effect system soundness
Declassification policy correctness
Termination guarantees (strong normalization)
Memory safety (separation logic)
Translation validation (certified compilation)
Hardware contract verification
Concurrency safety (session types, data-race freedom)
15 industry compliance properties (HIPAA, PCI-DSS, GDPR, PDPA MY/SG, SOX, DO-178C, ISO 26262, CC EAL7, NIST 800-53, CCPA, FERPA, BNM RMiT, MAS TRM, ISO 27001)

Compiler & Toolchain (Rust)

Metric	Value
Rust crates	15
Test count	679 (all passing)
External dependencies	0
Lines of Rust	24,614
Standard library builtins	88 across 9 modules

Crates:

Crate	Purpose
`riinac`	Compiler driver — check, run, build, emit-c, emit-ir, repl, fmt, doc, lsp, verify, pkg
`riina-lexer`	Tokenizer with 70+ bilingual keywords
`riina-parser`	AST construction
`riina-types`	Type system definitions (22 types, 17 effects, 6 security levels)
`riina-typechecker`	Type inference and checking
`riina-codegen`	IR lowering, C/WASM/mobile code generation, interpreter, FFI
`riina-wasm`	WASM playground library (in-browser compiler via cdylib)
`riina-fmt`	Code formatter
`riina-lsp`	Language Server Protocol (VS Code integration)
`riina-doc`	HTML documentation generator
`riina-pkg`	Package manager (SemVer resolution, SHA-256 integrity, effect escalation checking)
`riina-arena`	Memory arena allocator
`riina-span`	Source location tracking
`riina-symbols`	String interning
`riina-compliance`	Industry compliance validation (15 profiles, audit report generator)

Developer Tools

VS Code extension — Syntax highlighting, 12 code snippets, LSP integration
Formatter — riinac fmt for consistent code style
Doc generator — riinac doc produces HTML documentation
LSP server — Diagnostics, hover info, keyword completion
Package manager — riinac pkg init/add/remove/lock/build/publish/list/tree/clean
Verification gate — riinac verify --fast (zero-trust: runs tests, clippy, Coq audit)
Docker image — Multi-stage build, ~85MB runtime image
Nix flake — nix run github:ib823/riina or nix develop for full dev shell
Release scripts — scripts/release.sh (one-command release: bump, tag, tarball, GitHub Release, deploy website), scripts/bump-version.sh, scripts/install.sh
Website — 14-page site at ib823.github.io/riina — includes "Why Proof" executive page, 15 industry verticals, Releases page; deployed via scripts/deploy-website.sh
REPL — Interactive mode for experimentation

Example Programs

112 example .rii files across 9 categories:

Category	Examples	Topics
Basics	20	Arithmetic, closures, pattern matching, loops, pipes
Security	18	Secret types, capabilities, information flow, secure channels
Effects	15	IO, crypto, network, filesystem, effect composition
Applications	15	Web server, chat app, password manager, API gateway
Compliance	10	GDPR, HIPAA, PCI-DSS, PDPA, SOX, NIST
Design Patterns	15	Builder, state machine, visitor, monad, phantom types
FFI	2	C function calls (puts, abs, rand)
Showcase	3	Secure web server, PQ messenger, HIPAA medical records
AI Context	1	Complete corpus for LLM training

Cryptographic Tooling

The 05_TOOLING/ workspace contains 35,000+ lines of hand-written cryptographic primitives:

Symmetric: AES-256, SHA-256 (FIPS 180-4), HMAC, ChaCha20-Poly1305
Asymmetric: X25519, Ed25519 (interfaces + partial implementations)
Post-quantum: ML-KEM, ML-DSA (interfaces)
Zero external crypto dependencies — everything auditable from source

Repository Structure

riina/
├── 02_FORMAL/coq/         283 Coq proof files (125K+ lines)
│   ├── foundations/        Core language semantics
│   ├── type_system/        Progress, Preservation, Type Safety
│   ├── properties/         Non-Interference, Declassification, Composition
│   ├── effects/            Effect algebra and gate proofs
│   ├── domains/            183 domain-specific proofs (R-Z, Σ, compliance)
│   ├── termination/        Strong normalization, sized types
│   ├── compliance/         DO-178C, ISO-26262, Common Criteria
│   └── Industries/         15 regulatory compliance proofs
│
├── 03_PROTO/               Rust compiler (15 crates, 679 tests, 0 deps)
│   └── crates/
│       ├── riinac/         Compiler driver (11 subcommands)
│       ├── riina-lexer/    Tokenizer
│       ├── riina-parser/   Parser
│       ├── riina-types/    Type system
│       ├── riina-typechecker/
│       ├── riina-codegen/  IR + C backend + interpreter
│       ├── riina-pkg/      Package manager
│       ├── riina-fmt/      Formatter
│       ├── riina-lsp/      Language server
│       ├── riina-doc/      Doc generator
│       ├── riina-arena/    Memory allocator
│       ├── riina-span/     Source spans
│       ├── riina-symbols/  String interning
│       └── riina-compliance/ Compliance profile validator
│
├── 04_SPECS/               Language specifications, compliance specs
├── 05_TOOLING/             Crypto primitives, build system (35K lines Rust)
├── 07_EXAMPLES/            112 example .rii files
├── docs/                   Enterprise docs, multilingual READMEs
├── VERSION                 Semver source of truth (0.2.0)
├── CHANGELOG.md            Public-facing changelog
├── website/                15-page Vite/React website (Why Proof, Enterprise, Playground, etc.)
├── scripts/                Build, install, release, deploy, sync scripts
└── riina-vscode/           VS Code extension

Research Scope

Every research track in 01_RESEARCH/ (55 domains, A through AJ, plus Greek letter tracks) has corresponding Coq proofs in the active build. 100% coverage, verified by audit.

Track	Domain	Coq Proofs	Status
A	Core type system, non-interference	55 files (38K lines)	Proven
R	Certified compilation (translation validation)	1 file (955 lines)	Proven
S	Hardware contracts (CPU side-channel models)	1 file (560 lines)	Proven
T	Hermetic build (binary bootstrap verification)	1 file (502 lines)	Proven
U	Runtime guardian (verified micro-hypervisor)	1 file (604 lines)	Proven
V	Termination guarantees (strong normalization)	6 files (3K lines)	Proven
W	Verified memory (separation logic)	1 file (739 lines)	Proven
X	Concurrency (session types, data-race freedom)	1 file (750 lines)	Proven
Y	Verified standard library	1 file (780 lines)	Proven
Z	Declassification policy (budgets, robust)	1 file (665 lines)	Proven
Σ	Verified persistent storage	1 file (712 lines)	Proven
—	Industry compliance (15 jurisdictions)	15 files (2K lines)	Proven
—	Domain security (timing, protocols, hardware, ...)	183 files (76K lines)	Proven
Π	Verified performance (WCET, SIMD, lock-free)	1 file (470 lines)	Proven
Δ	Verified distribution (Raft, BFT, CRDTs)	1 file (500 lines)	Proven
Ω	Network defense (rate limiting, SYN cookies)	1 file (530 lines)	Proven
Ψ	Operational security (Shamir, duress, dead man)	1 file (560 lines)	Proven
L	FFI boundary safety, attack surface research	1 file (17 Qed)	Proven
—	Mobile OS security (27 subsystems)	27 files	Proven
—	Security foundations (boot, IOMMU, crypto)	11 files	Proven
—	UI/UX accessibility and safety	7 files	Proven
—	Capital markets (order matching, settlement)	1 file (15 Qed)	Proven
—	Physical systems security (sensors, timing)	1 file (16 Qed)	Proven

Current Status

Build: Passing. Grade: A. Audit Update: 2026-02-04 (Codex audit sync)

Phase	Description	Status
1. Compiler	Lexer, parser, typechecker, codegen, REPL, diagnostics	Done
2. Standard Library	88 builtins across 9 modules	Done
3. Formal Verification	5,544 Qed proofs, 4 justified axioms, 0 admits	Stable
4. Developer Experience	Formatter, LSP, doc generator, VS Code extension, 112 examples	Done
5. Ecosystem	CI/CD, package manager, Docker, Nix flake, release system, installer	Done
6. Adoption	C FFI, 8 demos, community, enterprise, public branch, 14-page website (Why Proof, 15 industries, Releases)	Done
7. Platform Universality	Multi-backend (WASM, Android, iOS), platform-conditional stdlib, WASM playground, backend verification	Done
8. Long-term	Self-hosting compiler, hardware verification, verified OS	Planned

What's next

Phase 7 (Platform Universality): Done — WASM backend, mobile backends, platform stdlib, WASM playground, 63 backend verification proofs
Phase 8 (Long-term): Self-hosting compiler, hardware verification, verified OS
Axiom elimination: 2 of the 4 remaining axioms can be eliminated with store_rel_n restructuring; 2 are permanent (policy axiom + standard closure axiom from academic literature)
Compliance system: --compliance flag with 15 industry profiles, audit report generation (text + JSON), certification pipeline — see Compliance Guide

Security & Verification

RIINA uses compiler-integrated verification — no external CI/CD. Verification lives inside the compiler.

riinac verify --fast    # Tests + clippy (runs on every commit via pre-commit hook)
riinac verify --full    # + Coq admits/axioms scan (runs on every push via pre-push hook)

Git hooks enforce verification automatically:

Pre-commit: riinac verify --fast blocks commits with failing tests
Pre-push: riinac verify --full + GPG signature check + secret detection + Trojan source scan

Install hooks: ./00_SETUP/scripts/install_hooks.sh

Deep verification (manual, 7 levels): bash 05_TOOLING/scripts/verify.sh [0-6]

Verification is enforced automatically via git hooks installed by ./00_SETUP/scripts/install_hooks.sh.

Contributing

RIINA is open source under the Mozilla Public License 2.0.

# Clone and set up
git clone https://github.com/ib823/riina.git
cd riina

# Verify environment
bash 00_SETUP/scripts/verify_setup.sh

# Build compiler
cd 03_PROTO && cargo build --release -p riinac && cd ..

# Run all tests
cd 03_PROTO && cargo test --all && cd ..

# Check a .rii file
./03_PROTO/target/release/riinac check 07_EXAMPLES/hello_dunia.rii

# Run the REPL
./03_PROTO/target/release/riinac repl

# Run the verification gate
./03_PROTO/target/release/riinac verify --fast

# Install git hooks (recommended for contributors)
./00_SETUP/scripts/install_hooks.sh

Read CONTRIBUTING.md for detailed development instructions and coding standards.

FAQ

Is RIINA production-ready? The compiler, proofs, and toolchain are functional. Phases 1-6 (compiler, stdlib, proofs, developer tools, ecosystem, adoption) are complete. Phase 7 (Platform Universality — WASM, mobile backends) is in progress. Phase 8 (self-hosting, hardware verification) is the long-term vision. You can write, compile, and run RIINA programs today — via source build, Docker, or Nix.

Do I need to know Bahasa Melayu? No. The keywords are short and consistent — fungsi (function), biar (let), kalau (if), pulang (return). You'll learn them in minutes. A cheatsheet is included.

Do I need to understand Coq or formal verification? No. The proofs run at compile time automatically. You write normal code; the compiler does the proving. The Coq proofs are there for auditability — you benefit from them without reading them.

Why zero external dependencies? Trust. Every line of RIINA — compiler, crypto, standard library — is auditable from source. No supply chain attacks. No dependency confusion. No left-pad incidents.

Why Bahasa Melayu? RIINA developed by Malaysians for the world. Programming languages have been English-only for 70 years. RIINA proves that formal verification and native-language syntax are not mutually exclusive. If a language can be proven correct, it can be proven correct in any language.

How does RIINA compare to SPARK/Ada? SPARK proves absence of runtime errors (overflow, division by zero) for a subset of Ada. RIINA proves information flow security (non-interference), effect safety, declassification correctness, and more — for the entire language. Both are formally verified; RIINA's scope is broader.

RIINA — Rigorous Immutable Invariant, No Assumptions

Q.E.D. Aeternum.

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 621 Commits
.cursor		.cursor
.devcontainer		.devcontainer
.github		.github
00_SETUP		00_SETUP
02_FORMAL/coq		02_FORMAL/coq
03_PROTO		03_PROTO
04_SPECS		04_SPECS
05_TOOLING		05_TOOLING
07_EXAMPLES		07_EXAMPLES
docs		docs
riina-vscode		riina-vscode
scripts		scripts
website		website
.CumulativeRelation_FIXED.aux		.CumulativeRelation_FIXED.aux
.ProofInfrastructure.aux		.ProofInfrastructure.aux
.dockerignore		.dockerignore
.gitignore		.gitignore
.lia.cache		.lia.cache
1.png		1.png
2.png		2.png
AUTHORS		AUTHORS
CHANGELOG.md		CHANGELOG.md
COMMIT_PROTOCOL.md		COMMIT_PROTOCOL.md
CONTRIBUTING.md		CONTRIBUTING.md
Dockerfile		Dockerfile
LICENSE		LICENSE
README.md		README.md
Screenshot_20260205_231651_Chrome.jpg		Screenshot_20260205_231651_Chrome.jpg
VERSION		VERSION
flake.lock		flake.lock
flake.nix		flake.nix
image.png		image.png
llms-full.txt		llms-full.txt
llms.txt		llms.txt

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RIINA

What is RIINA?

Why RIINA?

What makes RIINA different from every other language

Quick Start

Install

Hello World

Security in Action

Effect System

Bahasa Melayu Syntax

What's Been Built

Formal Proofs (Coq 8.20.1)

Compiler & Toolchain (Rust)

Developer Tools

Example Programs

Cryptographic Tooling

Repository Structure

Research Scope

Current Status

What's next

Security & Verification

Contributing

FAQ

About

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RIINA

What is RIINA?

Why RIINA?

What makes RIINA different from every other language

Quick Start

Install

Hello World

Security in Action

Effect System

Bahasa Melayu Syntax

What's Been Built

Formal Proofs (Coq 8.20.1)

Compiler & Toolchain (Rust)

Developer Tools

Example Programs

Cryptographic Tooling

Repository Structure

Research Scope

Current Status

What's next

Security & Verification

Contributing

FAQ

About

Resources

License

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