[codex] Sync Runtime Closed Loop v0.4.0 version manifest

[ducanhao081-tech]

Summary

Syncs the Hermos Runtime Closed Loop version-awareness update into the public 0.5.0-alpha line.

Version lines now documented and exposed:

• Hermos optimization layer: v0.5.0
• Hermes Agent package fallback: v0.12.0
• Hermos architecture: v0.3.2
• Runtime Closed Loop: v0.4.0
• Runtime Loop schema: v2
• Runtime Loop release date: 2026-06-23

What Changed

• Added runtime_version_manifest() and render_runtime_version_context() for explicit loaded-state version reporting.
• Exported the runtime version manifest from the runtime closed-loop package.
• Aligned hermos.__version__ with the package metadata version 0.5.0.
• Updated README and CHANGELOG with the synchronized version description.
• Added regression coverage for the version manifest and rendered runtime version context.

Public Safety Boundary

This PR intentionally keeps the public surface at a reference/API level. It does not include local production bridge code, machine-specific paths, private memory, logs, credentials, runtime ledger data, or deployment instructions tied to a private environment.

Impact

Hosts can answer version questions from a structured manifest instead of inferring from old conversation text. This keeps the public package version, Hermos architecture version, and Runtime Closed Loop component version separate.

Validation

• PYTHONPATH=src python3 -m pytest tests/test_runtime_closed_loop.py -> 11 passed
• PYTHONPATH=src python3 -m pytest -> 44 passed
• .venv/bin/ruff check . -> All checks passed!