Cookies

Cookie API

Header: <cwist/net/http/cookie.h>

Helpers for reading the request Cookie header and writing Set-Cookie response headers. Parsed cookies are stored in a cwist_query_map (see the Query & URI API).

Reading cookies

cwist_cookie_parse

void cwist_cookie_parse(cwist_query_map *map, const char *header);

Parses a Cookie header value of the form name1=value1; name2=value2 and stores each pair in map, which must come from cwist_query_map_create().

• Leading whitespace before a name and trailing whitespace after a name are removed. Whitespace at the end of a value is kept.
• Each value is URL-decoded with cwist_cookie_decode.
• Pairs with no =, with an empty name, or whose decoded value does not fit in 4096 bytes are skipped.
• A NULL or empty header, or a NULL map, does nothing.

cwist_cookie_get

const char *cwist_cookie_get(cwist_query_map *map, const char *name);

Returns the decoded value stored for name, or NULL if there is none. The pointer belongs to map and is valid until the map is destroyed.

Writing cookies

cwist_cookie_options

typedef struct cwist_cookie_options {
    const char *path;
    const char *domain;
    int max_age_seconds;   /* < 0 means omit */
    bool http_only;
    bool secure;
    const char *same_site; /* "Strict", "Lax", or "None" */
} cwist_cookie_options;

Attributes for cwist_cookie_set. A NULL path, domain or same_site is left out, and http_only and secure are added only when true.

max_age_seconds is written whenever it is 0 or greater, so a zero-initialised struct produces Max-Age=0, which tells the client to delete the cookie. Set it to -1 to omit the attribute. same_site is copied as given and is not checked against the three listed values.

cwist_cookie_set

int cwist_cookie_set(cwist_http_response *res, const char *name, const char *value,
                     const cwist_cookie_options *opts);

Adds a Set-Cookie header to res in the form name=<encoded value>; Path=...; Domain=...; Max-Age=...; HttpOnly; Secure; SameSite=.... The value is encoded with cwist_cookie_encode; the name and the attribute strings are written as given. A NULL value is sent as an empty value, and a NULL opts sends only name=value.

Returns 0 on success and -1 on failure: res or name is NULL, an allocation fails, or the header is rejected because it contains a CR or LF character.

cwist_cookie_delete

int cwist_cookie_delete(cwist_http_response *res, const char *name);

Adds a Set-Cookie: name=; Path=/; Max-Age=0 header, which tells the client to remove the cookie. The path is fixed to /, so a cookie that was set with a different path is not matched by this header. Returns 0 on success and -1 on failure.

Encoding

cwist_cookie_encode

char *cwist_cookie_encode(const char *value);

Percent-encodes value. The characters A-Z a-z 0-9 - _ . ~ are kept and every other byte becomes %XX with upper-case hex digits (a space becomes %20). Returns a heap string that the caller releases with cwist_free(), or NULL if value is NULL or allocation fails.

cwist_cookie_decode

int cwist_cookie_decode(const char *in, char *out, size_t out_len);

Decodes in into the caller's buffer out of size out_len. %XX sequences (upper or lower case hex) become the byte they name, and + becomes a space. A % that is not followed by two hex digits is copied unchanged.

Returns the number of bytes written, not counting the terminating \0, or -1 if an argument is NULL, out_len is 0, or the result does not fit in out together with the terminating \0.

Example

Read a cookie from the request and set one on the response:

static void handle_login(cwist_http_request *req, cwist_http_response *res) {
    cwist_query_map *cookies = cwist_query_map_create();
    cwist_cookie_parse(cookies, cwist_http_header_get(req->headers, "Cookie"));
    const char *theme = cwist_cookie_get(cookies, "theme");  /* NULL if absent */
    (void)theme;
    cwist_query_map_destroy(cookies);

    cwist_cookie_options opts = {
        .path = "/",
        .max_age_seconds = 3600,
        .http_only = true,
        .secure = true,
        .same_site = "Lax",
    };
    cwist_cookie_set(res, "session_id", "abc 123", &opts);
    /* Set-Cookie: session_id=abc%20123; Path=/; Max-Age=3600; HttpOnly; Secure; SameSite=Lax */
}

See tests/test_cookie.c for the inputs and outputs of each function.

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Source: docs/api/cookie.md on dev. Edit the source file in the repository; this page is regenerated from it.