Tokei

Tokei (pronounced: [to̞ke̞ː] or [tokeː]) is a lightweight domain-focused set of immutable value objects for representing and operating on time, durations, including, circular 24-hour intervals, and interval sets, offering expressive temporal modeling without timezone handling.

The framework-agnostic package offers a consistent and expressive way to work with temporal values in a safe and predictable manner.

Installation

composer require bakame/tokei

You need:

PHP >= 8.3 but the latest stable version of PHP is recommended
to be able to get the locale string version of the time you need the ext-intl extension or use a polyfill for IntlDateFormatter.

Documentation

Time

The Bakame\Tokei\Time object is designed to be, cyclic (24h wrap-around) and precision-aware (microseconds supported)

Instantiation

You can create a Time instance:

using its time components via the Time::at method;
by parsing a time string using the Time::fromFormat method;
using Time::fromOffset; The value will represent respectively a quantity in a specified base Unit from midnight.

Time::at(int $hour = 0, int $minute = 0, int $second = 0, int $microsecond = 0): Time;
Time::fromFormat(string $value, TimeFormat $format = TimeFormat::Iso8601): Time
Time::fromOffset(int $value, Unit $unit): Time

Here's some usage example.

use Bakame\Tokei\Time;

$time = Time::at(hour: 10, minute: 30, second: 15);
$time = Time::fromFormat("10:30:15.123456", TimeFormat::Iso8601);
$time = Time::fromFormat("10h30m15s123456µs", TimeFormat::Compact);
$time = Time::fromOffset(123_456_789, Unit::Microsecond);
$time = Time::fromOffset(123_456, Unit::Millisecond);
$time = Time::fromOffset(123, Unit::Second);
$time = Time::fromOffset(-1, Unit::Minute); // returns "23:59:00"

To ease instantiation, predefined instances can be obtained with the following methods:

Time::midnight(); // 00:00:00
Time::noon();     // 12:00:00
Time::endOfDay(); // 23:59:59.999999
Time::utc();      // the UTC current time
Time::now('Africa/Nairobi'); // the current time in Nairobi, Kenya
Time::fromDate(new DateTimeImmutable()); // returns the extracted time from any DateTimeInterface instance

Note

The timezone is required when using Time::now() to return the current time in a specific timezone. The method accepts a DateTimeZone instance or a timezone string identifier. Once instantiated, the timezone information is lost.

Accessors

Once instantiated you can access each time component using the following methods

$time = Time::fromFormat("10:30:15.123456");
$time->hour;         // returns 10
$time->minute;       // returns 30
$time->second;       // returns 15
$time->microsecond;  // returns 123456

Formatting

Time::format(TimeFormat $format = TimeFormat::Iso8601): string
Time::toOffset(Unit $unit): float; // returns the time value according to the provided
Time::toLocaleString(string $locale, ?DateTimeZone $timezone = null, LocaleVerbosity $verbosity = LocaleVerbosity::Medium): string

To work as expected the Time::toLocaleString requires the presence of the Intl extension or of its polyfill otherwise a TimeException will be thrown.

Example:

$time = Time::at(hour: 10, minute: 30, second: 15, microsecond: 123456);
echo $time->format();
// 10:30:15.123456
echo $time->format(TimeFormat::Compact);
// 10h30m15s123456µs
echo $time->toOffset(Unit::Second);
// 37815.123456
echo $time->toLocaleString('en-US');
// 10:30:15 AM
echo $time->toLocaleString('de-DE', 'Africa/Nairobi', LocaleVerbosity::Full);
// 10:30:15 Ostafrikanische Zeit

Modifying time

Because Time is an immutable VO, any change to its value will return a new instance with the updated value and leave the original object unchanged. You can modify the time with the following methods:

Time::shift will add a duration to change the time;
Time::with will adjust a specific time component;
Time::roundTo will adjust a specific time component;
Time::clamp will adjust the time against two other time references;

Time::shift(Duration $duration): Time
Time::with(?int $hour = null, ?int $minute = null, ?int $second = null, ?int $microsecond = null): Time
Time::roundTo(Unit $unit, RoundingStrategy $strategy = RoundingStrategy::Nearest): Time
Time::clamp(Time $min, Time $max): Time

The shift and with methods act differently in regard to wrapping around 24hours automatically. The Time::shift supports wrapping whereas Time::with does not and instead throws an InvalidTime exception instead

// adding 2 hours
$time = Time::noon()->shift(Duration::of(hours: 2, minutes: 15));
$time->format(); // returns "14:15:00"

// adding 12 hours
$time = Time::noon()->shift(Duration::of(hours: 12, minutes: 15));
$time->format(); // returns "00:15:00"

// setting the hour to
$time = Time::noon()->with(hour: 2);
$time->format(); // returns "02:15:00"

Time::noon()->with(hour: 25); 
//throws a Bakame\Tokei\InvalidTime exception

To simplify reasoning around time you can also truncate or round its value to one of the unit declare on the Bakame\Tokei\Unit enum

$t = Time::fromUnitOfDay(3_150_000_000, Unit::Microsecond);
$t->format(); // returns "00:52:30"
$t->roundTo(Unit::Minutes, RoundingStrategy::Floor)->format(); // returns "00:52:00"
$t->roundTo(Unit::Minutes, RoundingStrategy::Nearest)->format();  // returns "00:53:00"

Comparing times

It is possible to compare two Time instances using the Time::compareTo method.

Time::compareTo(Time $other): int;

the method returns:

-1 if earlier
0 if equal
1 if later

Convenient methods derived from Time::compareTo are also available to ease usage:

$time = Time::at(hour: 10);
$other = Time::noon();

$time->isBefore($other);         // returns true
$time->isAfter($other);          // returns false
$time->isBeforeOrEqual($other);  // returns true
$time->isAfterOrEqual($other);   // returns false
$time->equals($other);           // returns false

Differences

The class provides two methods to account for differences between two Time instances:

Time::diff(Time $other): Duration;
Time::distance(Time $other): Duration;

the Time::diff returns the signed difference between both instances;
the Time::distance returns the forward cyclic difference (24 wrap) between both instances;

Here's an example usage to highlight the distinction in returned values between both differences methods:

$a = Time::at(hour: 23); // 23:00
$b = Time::at(hour: 1);  // 01:00

$a->diff($b)->format(DurationFormat::Iso8601);     // returns "-PT22H"
$a->distance($b)->format(DurationFormat::Iso8601); // returns "PT2H"

Interacting with PHP's native Date API

Time::fromDate(DateTimeInterface $datetime): Time
Time::applyTo(DateTimeInterface $datetime): DateTimeImmutable;

In one hand, it is possible to extract the time part of any DateTimeInterface implementing class using the fromDate method. On the other hand, you can apply the time to an DateTimeInterface object using the applyTo method

Note

If the DateTimeInterface instance submitted extends the DateTimeImmutable class then the return type will be of that same type otherwise PHP's DateTimeImmutable is returned.

use Bakame\Tokei\Time;
use Carbon\Carbon;
use Carbon\CarbonImmutable;

$time = Time::fromDate(new DateTime('2025-12-27 23:00', new DateTimeZone('Africa/Nairobi'))); // 23:00

$newDate = $time->applyTo(CarbonImmutable::parse('2025-02-23'));
$newDate->format('Y-m-d H:i'); // returns '2025-02-23 23:00'
$newDate->toDateTimeString(); // returns '2025-02-23 23:00'
$newDate::class; // returns Carbon\CarbonImmutable

$altDate = $time->applyTo(Carbon::parse('2025-02-23'));
$altDate->format('Y-m-d H:i'); // returns '2025-02-23 23:00'
$altDate::class; // returns DateTimeImmutable

Duration

The Bakame\Tokei\Duration Value Object provides utilities for working with durations

Instantiation

The Duration class can be instantiated either by providing:

each duration parts using the complementaryDuration::of method.
a ISO8601 duration expression.

use Bakame\Tokei\Duration;

$durationA = Duration::of(hours: 2, seconds:59);
$durationB = Duration::fromFormat(value: 'P2WT3H', format: DurationFormat::Iso8601); //2 weeks and 3 hours
$durationC = Duration::fromDateInterval(new DateInterval('PT23M3S'));

Important

Duration::fromFormat only parse ISO8601 notations with deterministic part (ie: years and months are excluded) Duration::of only using non-negative integer otherwise and exception will be thrown

$duration = Duration::fromFormat('P2025Y3DT25s', DurationFormat::Iso8601);
// throws a Bakame\Tokei\InvalidDuration exception 
// because of the presence of the Y component

Accessors

Once instantiated you can access the duration properties directly. The object exposes a sign property which indicates if the original value was negative, 0 or positive. And provides a toMicro method to get the microseconds based representation of the duration.

$durationB->hours;        // returns 1
$durationB->minutes;      // returns 1
$durationB->seconds;      // returns 1
$durationB->microseconds; // returns 234_000
$durationB->sign;         // returns 1
$durationB->daysCount;    // returns the absolute number of complete 24-hour days contained in the duration
$durationB->weeksCount;   // returns the absolute number of complete weeks contained in the duration
$durationB->isZero()      // returns true when the duration is zero, false otherwise

Formatting

Duration::format(DurationFormat $format = DurationFormat::Iso8601): string
Duration::toDateInterval(): DateInterval
Duration::total(Unit $unit = Unit::Microseconds): float

Formatting the duration string representation is returned by the Duration::format with the help of the DurationFormat Enum

When using the DurationFormat::Timer the following human-readable format is used:

[-]H:mm:ss[.microseconds]

microseconds are optional
negative values are prefixed with -

When using the DurationFormat::Iso8601 formats the instance value is converted into a ISO8601 compatible string. The returned string may not be compatible with PHP's DateInterval constructor but is valid withing the ISO8601 extended specification.

$duration = Duration::of(hours: 25, seconds: 5); 
$duration->format(DurationFormat::Iso8601); // returns 'P1D1H5S'
$duration->format(DurationFormat::Timer);   // returns '25:00:05'

Important

Only deterministic duration interval are used Y, M for month are not used
to have a predictive representation W is not used; 7D multiple are used instead.

$duration = Duration::fromFormat('-P2W', DurationFormat::Iso8601); 
$duration->format(DurationFormat::Iso8601); // returns '-P14D'

Last but not least a compact format more suited for debugging is returns using the DurationFormat::Compact case.

$duration = Duration::of(hours: 25, seconds: 5); 
$duration->format(DurationFormat::Compact); // returns '1d1h5s'

The Duration class also allows conversion in time units and in DateInterval instances. The method Duration::toDateInterval converts the instance into a PHP DateInterval instance while preserving its sign (inverted intervals are supported).

$duration = Duration::of(microseconds: 3_661_234_000);
$duration->toDateInterval();          // returns DateInterval
$durationB->total(Unit::Microsecond); // returns the full duration in microseconds
$durationB->total(Unit::Hours);       // returns the full duration in hours

Modifying duration

Duration::abs(): Duration
Duration::negated(): Duration
Duration::increase(int $weeks = 0, int $days = 0, int $hours = 0, int $minutes = 0, int $seconds = 0, int $microseconds = 0): Duration
Duration::decrease(int $weeks = 0, int $days = 0, int $hours = 0, int $minutes = 0, int $seconds = 0, int $microseconds = 0): Duration
Duration::sum(Duration ...$duration): Duration
Duration::multipliedBy(int $factor): Duration
Duration::dividedBy(int $factor): Duration
Duration::roundTo(Unit $precision, RoundingStrategy $strategy): Duration
Duration::clamp(Duration $min, Duration $max): Duration

You can:

make it unsigned using the Duration::abs method
invert its signing using the Duration::negate method
update the duration using fixed duration parts with the Duration::increase and Duration::decrease methods
round its value to one of the unit declare on the Bakame\Tokei\Unit enum
clamp its value against two other Duration instances
sum multiple Duration instance using the Duration::sum method
multiply or divide a Duration instance using the Duration::multipliedBy and Duration::dividevBy methods

$microseconds = 3_661_500_000;
$a = Duration::of(microseconds: $microseconds);
$b = $a->roundTo(Unit::Minute, RoundingStrategy::Ceil);
$c = $b->negate();
$d = $c->decrement(minutes: 10);

echo $a->format(DurationFormat::Timer);                  // returns "1:01:01.500000"
echo $b->format(DurationFormat::Timer);                  // returns "1:01:00"
echo $c->format(DurationFormat::Timer);                  // returns "-1:01:00"
echo $c->abs()->format(DurationFormat::Timer);           // returns "1:01:00"
echo $a->sum($b, $c, $d)->format(DurationFormat::Timer); // returns "-0:09:58.500000"

$microseconds = 3_761_500_000;
$a = Duration::of(microseconds: $microseconds);
$a->format(DurationFormat::Timer);                                               // returns "1:02:41.500000"
$a->roundTo(Unit::Minute, RoudingMode::Truncate)->format(DurationFormat::Timer); // returns "1:02:00"
$a->roundTo(Unit::Minute, RoudingMode::Round)->format(DurationFormat::Timer);    // returns "1:03:00"

Important

Duration::increase and Duration::decrease can only take non-negative arguments otherwise an exception will be throw Use Duration::sum to aggregate signed duration objects.

Comparing duration

It is possible to compare duration using common methods terminology

Duration::compareTo(Duration $other): int;

Returns:

-1 if shorter
0 if equal
1 if longer

Convenient methods based on Duration::compareTo are also available:

$duration = Duration::of(microseconds: 3_661_500_000);
$other = Duration::fromFormat('PT1H1S');

$duration->isShorterThan($other);        // returns false
$duration->isShorterThanOrEqual($other); // returns false
$duration->equals($other);               // returns false
$duration->isLongerThan($other);         // returns true
$duration->isLongerThanOrEqual($other);  // returns true

Interval

Bakame\Tokei\Interval represents a start-inclusive, end-exclusive interval between two times on a 24-hour circular clock.

Intervals are immutable and support:

circular ranges crossing midnight,
interval algebra,
time iteration,
normalization,
duration arithmetic.

The library uses half-open interval semantic where start is inclusive and end is exclusive. If end < start, the interval is considered to wrap around midnight.

The library also support both collapsed and circular intervals for which start == end.

The distinction between them lies in their duration:

a collapsed interval has a duration of PT0S, representing an empty interval;
a circular interval has a duration of P1D, representing a full-day interval.

for instance:

Interval::between(Time::midnight(), Time::at(10)); //represents 08:00 ≤ time < 10:00
Interval::between(Time::at(hour: 22), Time::at(hour: 6)); // represents 22:00 → 06:00 (next day)
Interval::collapsed(Time::midnight()); // represents 00:00:00/PT0S
Interval::circular(Time::midnight());  // represents  00:00:00/P1D

An interval can, thus, be defined as either:

a continuous span of time between two points in time, or
a continuous span of time starting at a specific point in time with a given duration.

Instantiation

Interval::between(Time $start, Time $end): self;
Interval::since(Time $start, Duration $duration): self;
Interval::until(Time $end, Duration $duration): self;
Interval::around(Time $midRange, Duration $duration): self;
Interval::collapsed(Time $at): self;
Interval::circular(Time $at): self;
Interval::fullDay(): self 
//a 24h-long instance starting at 00:00:00
// equivalent to Interval::circular(Time::midnight());
Interval::fromFormat(string $value, IntervalFormat $format, ?Unit $unit = null): self

Accessors

$interval = Interval::between(Time::midnight(), Time::noon());
$interval->start;     // returns Time::midnight()
$interval->end,       // returns Time::noon()
$interval->duration;  // returns Duration::of(hours: 12);
$interval->type;      // returns IntervalType

Interval Type

enum IntervalType
{
    case Linear;    // returns true   (start < end)
    case Overflow;  // returns false  (start > end)
    case Circular;  // returns false  (start === end and duration is 'P1D')
    case Collapsed; // returns false  (start === end and duration is 'PT0S')
}

Formatting

using the following Enum:

enum IntervalFormat
{
    case Iso8601StartDuration;
    case Iso8601DurationEnd;
    case Iso8601StartEnd;
    case Iso8601;
    case Iso80000;
    case Bourbaki;
}

Out of the box, to following formatting algorithm are possible:

Iso8601StartDuration returns a string representation based on the starting time and the interval duration;
Iso8601DurationEnd returns a string representation based on the interval duration and the ending time;
Iso8601StartEnd returns a string representation based on the interval starting and ending times;
Iso8601 returns the same representation as Iso8601StartDuration;
Iso80000 returns a string representation based on the interval starting and ending times and the half-open bound;
Bourbaki returns a string representation based on the interval starting and ending times and the half-open bound, with different boundary markers;

$interval = Interval::between(Time::midnight(), Time::noon());
$interval->format(IntervalFormat::Iso8601StartDuration); // returns 00:00:00/PT12H
$interval->format(IntervalFormat::Iso8601StartEnd);      // returns 00:00:00/12:00:00
$interval->format(IntervalFormat::Iso8601DurationEnd);   // returns PT12H?00:00:00
$interval->format(IntervalFormat::Iso80000);             // returns [00:00:00,12:00:00)
$interval->format(IntervalFormat::Bourbaki);             // returns [00:00:00,12:00:00[

Important

The same Enum is used when using Duration::fromFormat, the only difference is on instantiation, The IntervalFormat::Iso8601 will be lenient and accept any ISO8601 supported format.

Iterations

enum Bound
{
    case Start;
    case End;
}

Interval::steps(Duration $duration, Bound $from = Bound:Start): iterable<Time>
Interval::splitBy(Duration $duration, Bound $from = Bound:Start): IntervalSet
Interval::splitAt(Time ...$steps): IntervalSet

Modifying by duration and/or time

Interval::startingOn(Time $time): self
Interval::endingOn(Time $time): self
Interval::expand(Duration $duration): self
Interval::shift(Duration $duration): self
Interval::shiftBound(Duration $duration, Bound $from): self
Interval::lasting(Duration $duration, Bound $from): self
Interval::complement(): self

Strict Comparison

The method compares the instance endpoint as well as its duration.

Interval::equals(Interval $other): bool

Duration based comparison

Interval::compareDurationTo(Interval $other): int
Interval::sameDurationAs(Interval $other): bool
Interval::longerThan(Interval $other): bool
Interval::longerThanOrEqual(Interval $other): bool
Interval::shorterThan(Interval $other): bool
Interval::shorterThanOrEqual(Interval $other): bool

Time based comparison

Interval::includes(Time $time): bool
Interval::contains(Interval $other): bool
Interval::overlaps(Interval $other): bool
Interval::abuts(Interval $other): bool
Interval::intersect(Interval $other): ?self
Interval::gap(Interval $other): ?self
Interval::union(Interval $other): IntervalSet
Interval::difference(Interval $other): IntervalSet

Interacting with PHP's native Date API

Interval::toNative(DateTimeInterface $reference): array
// returns array{startDate: DateTimeImmuable, interval: DateInterval}

The reference DateTimeInterface object is used to compute the starting date using Time::applyTo method.

IntervalSet

Bakame\Tokei\IntervalSet is an immutable collection of Bakame\Tokei\Interval instances implementing PHP's Countable and IteratorAggregate interfaces. it represents a collection of intervals treated as a single temporal domain.

it supports:

interval normalization,
union, intersection, and difference operations,
containment checks,
interval splitting and merging,
iteration over intervals.

Overlapping or adjacent intervals may be merged during normalization to produce a minimal and consistent representation.

An IntervalSet may contain zero, one, or multiple non-overlapping intervals, including collapsed and circular intervals.

Instantiation

use Bakame\Tokei\IntervalSet;

IntervalSet::__constrcut(Interval|IntervalSet ....$interval)

Accessors

IntervalSet::duration(): Duration
IntervalSet::all(): list<Interval>
IntervalSet::first(): ?Interval
IntervalSet::last(): ?Interval
IntervalSet::nth(int $nth): ?Interval
IntervalSet::get(int $nth): Interval
IntervalSet::indexOf(Interval $interval): ?int
IntervalSet::lastIndexOf(Interval $interval): ?int
IntervalSet::has(Interval ...$intervals): bool
IntervalSet::isEmpty(): bool

nth and get supports negative index but differ on failure:

nth returns null on invalid offset;
get throws a TimeException exception on invalid offset;

Formatting

Supports the same formatting arguments as the Interval::format method.

IntervalSet::allFormatted(
    IntervalFormat $format = IntervalFormat::Iso8601StartDuration,
    ?Unit $unit = null,
): list<string> //all interval are converted to their Interval::format string representation

Interacting with PHP's native Date API

IntervalSet::allNative(DateTimeInterface $reference): array

Returns the list of Interval instances converted using their Interval::toNative method.

Interval methods

IntervalSet::union(): IntervalSet 
IntervalSet::complement(): IntervalSet
IntervalSet::intersect(IntervalSet|Interval ...$others): IntervalSet
IntervalSet::difference(IntervalSet|Interval ...$others): IntervalSet
IntervalSet::gaps(): IntervalSet
IntervalSet::sorted(Bound $sortBound = Bound::Start, SortDirection|string $sortDirection = 'asc'): IntervalSet;

Collection methods

IntervalSet::any(callable $callback): bool
IntervalSet::every(callable $callback): bool
IntervalSet::each(callable $callback): bool
IntervalSet::map(callable $callback): iterable
IntervalSet::transform(callable $callback): IntervalSet
IntervalSet::reduce(callable $callback, mixed $initial = null): mixed
IntervalSet::filter(callable $callback): IntervalSet
IntervalSet::sortedUsing(callable $callback): IntervalSet;
IntervalSet::push(IntervalSet|Interval ...$items): IntervalSet
IntervalSet::unshift(IntervalSet|Interval ...$items): IntervalSet
IntervalSet::remove(int ...$offset): IntervalSet
IntervalSet::replace(int $offset, Interval $newInterval): IntervalSet
IntervalSet::firstMatching(callable $callback): ?Interval
IntervalSet::lastMatching(callable $callback): ?Interval

Testing

The library has:

a PHPUnit test suite.
a coding style compliance test suite using PHP CS Fixer.
a code analysis compliance test suite using PHPStan.

To run the tests, run the following command from the project folder.

composer test

Contributing

Contributions are welcome and will be fully credited. Please see CONTRIBUTING and CONDUCT for details.

Security

If you discover any security related issues, please email nyamsprod@gmail.com instead of using the issue tracker.

Changelog

Please see CHANGELOG for more information on what has changed recently.

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 19 Commits
.github		.github
src		src
.gitattributes		.gitattributes
.gitignore		.gitignore
.php-cs-fixer.php		.php-cs-fixer.php
CHANGELOG.md		CHANGELOG.md
LICENSE		LICENSE
README.md		README.md
composer.json		composer.json
phpstan.neon		phpstan.neon
phpunit.xml		phpunit.xml

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Tokei

Installation

Documentation

Time

Instantiation

Accessors

Formatting

Modifying time

Comparing times

Differences

Interacting with PHP's native Date API

Duration

Instantiation

Accessors

Formatting

Modifying duration

Comparing duration

Interval

Instantiation

Accessors

Interval Type

Formatting

Iterations

Modifying by duration and/or time

Strict Comparison

Duration based comparison

Time based comparison

Interacting with PHP's native Date API

IntervalSet

Instantiation

Accessors

Formatting

Interacting with PHP's native Date API

Interval methods

Collection methods

Testing

Contributing

Security

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