fix(ble): wrap transport failures in library errors

AGENTS.md

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ No release-please or version-bump automation. To ship: bump `version` in `pyproj
 
 `exceptions.py` maps HTTP status codes and error keys to specific exception classes. `raise_for_status()` parses responses and raises the appropriate exception. Signed command faults have separate hierarchies: `TeslaFleetInformationFault`, `TeslaFleetMessageFault`, `SignedMessageInformationFault`, `WhitelistOperationStatus`.
 
-All exceptions inherit from `TeslaFleetError(BaseException)`, deliberately **not** `Exception` — a bare `except Exception` (e.g. in retry/backoff loops around BLE reads) silently fails to catch `BluetoothTimeout` and every other library error. Catch `TeslaFleetError` (or `BaseException`) explicitly.
+All exceptions inherit from `TeslaFleetError(BaseException)`, deliberately **not** `Exception` — a bare `except Exception` (e.g. in retry/backoff loops around BLE reads) silently fails to catch `BluetoothTimeout` and every other library error. Catch `TeslaFleetError` (or `BaseException`) explicitly. `VehicleBluetooth` wraps transport-layer failures (`connect`/`connect_if_needed`, the GATT write in `_send`) in `BluetoothTransportError`, a `TeslaFleetError` subclass chaining the original `bleak.exc.BleakError` as its cause — so `except TeslaFleetError` alone now catches BLE transport failures too, not just the response-wait `BluetoothTimeout`.
 
 ### Protobuf
 

README.md

@@ -166,6 +166,12 @@ asyncio.run(main())
 
 For more detailed examples, see [Bluetooth for Vehicles](docs/bluetooth_vehicles.md).
 
+BLE connect and GATT write failures from `VehicleBluetooth` raise
+`BluetoothTransportError`, a `TeslaFleetError` subclass, with the original
+`bleak.exc.BleakError` chained as `__cause__`. Catch `TeslaFleetError` to
+handle Bluetooth transport failures and `BluetoothTimeout` response-wait
+timeouts through the same library error hierarchy.
+
 ### Routing and Failover
 
 The `Router` class composes an ordered list of two-or-more backends that share a common method surface and dispatches each method call down the chain, automatically failing over on error. `VehicleRouter` and `EnergySiteRouter` are thin entity-specific subclasses. A common setup is a local `VehicleBluetooth` primary with a cloud fallback (e.g. a `TeslemetryVehicle`), so commands go over Bluetooth when the vehicle is reachable and route to the cloud otherwise:

docs/bluetooth_vehicles.md

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ You can wake up a `VehicleBluetooth` instance using the `wake_up` method. Here's
 ```python
 import asyncio
 from tesla_fleet_api import TeslaBluetooth
-from tesla_fleet_api.exceptions import BluetoothTimeout
+from tesla_fleet_api.exceptions import BluetoothTimeout, TeslaFleetError
 
 async def main():
     tesla_bluetooth = TeslaBluetooth()
@@ -76,6 +76,8 @@ async def main():
         await vehicle.wake_up()
     except BluetoothTimeout:
         pass
+    except TeslaFleetError as e:
+        print(e)
     print(f"Sent wake request to VehicleBluetooth instance for VIN: {vehicle.vin}")
 
 asyncio.run(main())
@@ -89,6 +91,14 @@ the vehicle-security computer, so INFO-domain reads immediately after waking
 should retry `BluetoothTimeout` with backoff. Keep one BLE connection open
 across related commands when possible instead of reconnecting for each command.
 
+`VehicleBluetooth` raises `BluetoothTransportError`, a `TeslaFleetError`
+subclass, when the BLE connection or GATT command write fails before a vehicle
+response can be awaited. The original `bleak.exc.BleakError` is available as
+the exception's `__cause__`. Catch `TeslaFleetError` to handle both transport
+failures and response-wait `BluetoothTimeout` failures with one library error
+hierarchy, or catch `BluetoothTransportError` separately when you need to
+distinguish a transport failure from a vehicle timeout.
+
 ## Climate Commands
 
 Bluetooth vehicles support the same signed climate command methods as

tesla_fleet_api.egg-info/PKG-INFO

@@ -189,6 +189,12 @@ asyncio.run(main())
 
 For more detailed examples, see [Bluetooth for Vehicles](docs/bluetooth_vehicles.md).
 
+BLE connect and GATT write failures from `VehicleBluetooth` raise
+`BluetoothTransportError`, a `TeslaFleetError` subclass, with the original
+`bleak.exc.BleakError` chained as `__cause__`. Catch `TeslaFleetError` to
+handle Bluetooth transport failures and `BluetoothTimeout` response-wait
+timeouts through the same library error hierarchy.
+
 ### Routing and Failover
 
 The `Router` class composes an ordered list of two-or-more backends that share a common method surface and dispatches each method call down the chain, automatically failing over on error. `VehicleRouter` and `EnergySiteRouter` are thin entity-specific subclasses. A common setup is a local `VehicleBluetooth` primary with a cloud fallback (e.g. a `TeslemetryVehicle`), so commands go over Bluetooth when the vehicle is reachable and route to the cloud otherwise:

tesla_fleet_api/exceptions.py

@@ -28,6 +28,14 @@ class BluetoothTimeout(TeslaFleetError):
     message = "Bluetooth command timed out waiting for vehicle response."
 
 
+class BluetoothTransportError(TeslaFleetError):
+    """The Bluetooth transport (connect or GATT write) failed before a vehicle response could be awaited."""
+
+    message = (
+        "The Bluetooth transport failed before a vehicle response could be awaited."
+    )
+
+
 class ResponseError(TeslaFleetError):
     """The response from the server was not JSON."""
 

tesla_fleet_api/tesla/vehicle/bluetooth.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 from bleak import BleakClient, BleakScanner
 from bleak.backends.characteristic import BleakGATTCharacteristic
 from bleak.backends.device import BLEDevice
+from bleak.exc import BleakError
 from bleak_retry_connector import MAX_CONNECT_ATTEMPTS, establish_connection
 from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import ec
 from google.protobuf.message import DecodeError
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@
 from tesla_fleet_api.exceptions import (
     WHITELIST_OPERATION_STATUS,
     BluetoothTimeout,
+    BluetoothTransportError,
     WhitelistOperationStatus,
 )
 from tesla_fleet_api.tesla.vehicle.commands import Commands
@@ -174,7 +176,13 @@ def discard_packet(self):
 
 
 class VehicleBluetooth(Commands[BluetoothParentT], Generic[BluetoothParentT]):
-    """Class describing the Tesla Fleet API vehicle endpoints and commands for a specific vehicle with command signing."""
+    """Class describing the Tesla Fleet API vehicle endpoints and commands for a specific vehicle with command signing.
+
+    Callers can catch failures from this class with a single ``TeslaFleetError``:
+    connect/write transport failures surface as ``BluetoothTransportError`` and
+    a response-wait timeout as ``BluetoothTimeout``, both ``TeslaFleetError``
+    subclasses with the original transport exception chained as their cause.
+    """
 
     ble_name: str
     device: BLEDevice | None = None
@@ -239,15 +247,18 @@ async def connect(self, max_attempts: int = MAX_CONNECT_ATTEMPTS) -> None:
         """Connect to the Tesla BLE device."""
         if not self.device:
             raise ValueError(f"BLEDevice {self.ble_name} has not been found or set")
-        self.client = await establish_connection(
-            BleakClient,
-            self.device,
-            self.vin,
-            max_attempts=max_attempts,
-            # ble_device_callback=self.get_device,
-            services=[SERVICE_UUID],
-        )
-        await self.client.start_notify(READ_UUID, self._on_notify)
+        try:
+            self.client = await establish_connection(
+                BleakClient,
+                self.device,
+                self.vin,
+                max_attempts=max_attempts,
+                # ble_device_callback=self.get_device,
+                services=[SERVICE_UUID],
+            )
+            await self.client.start_notify(READ_UUID, self._on_notify)
+        except BleakError as e:
+            raise BluetoothTransportError from e
 
     async def disconnect(self) -> bool:
         """Disconnect from the Tesla BLE device."""
@@ -322,7 +333,10 @@ async def _send(
 
             await self.connect_if_needed()
             assert self.client is not None
-            await self.client.write_gatt_char(WRITE_UUID, payload, True)
+            try:
+                await self.client.write_gatt_char(WRITE_UUID, payload, True)
+            except BleakError as e:
+                raise BluetoothTransportError from e
 
             # Process the response
             try:

tests/test_ble_send_transport.py

@@ -10,11 +10,12 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from unittest import IsolatedAsyncioTestCase
-from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock, patch
 
+from bleak.exc import BleakError
 from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import ec
 
-from tesla_fleet_api.exceptions import BluetoothTimeout
+from tesla_fleet_api.exceptions import BluetoothTimeout, BluetoothTransportError
 from tesla_fleet_api.tesla.vehicle.bluetooth import VehicleBluetooth
 from tesla_fleet_api.tesla.vehicle.proto.universal_message_pb2 import (
     Destination,
@@ -158,3 +159,54 @@ async def test_no_response_raises_bluetooth_timeout(self) -> None:
 
         with self.assertRaises(BluetoothTimeout):
             await vehicle._send(msg, "protobuf_message_as_bytes", timeout=0.05)
+
+
+class SendTransportErrorTests(IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
+    async def test_mid_write_gatt_failure_raises_bluetooth_transport_error(
+        self,
+    ) -> None:
+        vehicle = _make_vehicle()
+        msg = _outgoing()
+        underlying = BleakError("write failed")
+        vehicle.client.write_gatt_char = AsyncMock(side_effect=underlying)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(BluetoothTransportError) as ctx:
+            await vehicle._send(msg, "protobuf_message_as_bytes")
+
+        self.assertIs(ctx.exception.__cause__, underlying)
+
+
+class ConnectTransportErrorTests(IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
+    async def test_establish_connection_failure_raises_bluetooth_transport_error(
+        self,
+    ) -> None:
+        parent = MagicMock()
+        parent.private_key = ec.generate_private_key(ec.SECP256R1())
+        vehicle = VehicleBluetooth(parent, VIN)
+        vehicle.device = MagicMock()
+        underlying = BleakError("connect failed")
+
+        with patch(
+            "tesla_fleet_api.tesla.vehicle.bluetooth.establish_connection",
+            AsyncMock(side_effect=underlying),
+        ):
+            with self.assertRaises(BluetoothTransportError) as ctx:
+                await vehicle.connect()
+
+        self.assertIs(ctx.exception.__cause__, underlying)
+
+    async def test_connect_if_needed_propagates_transport_error(self) -> None:
+        parent = MagicMock()
+        parent.private_key = ec.generate_private_key(ec.SECP256R1())
+        vehicle = VehicleBluetooth(parent, VIN)
+        vehicle.device = MagicMock()
+        underlying = BleakError("connect failed")
+
+        with patch(
+            "tesla_fleet_api.tesla.vehicle.bluetooth.establish_connection",
+            AsyncMock(side_effect=underlying),
+        ):
+            with self.assertRaises(BluetoothTransportError) as ctx:
+                await vehicle.connect_if_needed()
+
+        self.assertIs(ctx.exception.__cause__, underlying)