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Apply Arizona, Arkansas and California rules for a filer who can be claimed as a dependent - #10053

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@MaxGhenis MaxGhenis commented Oct 10, 2026 •

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Summary

Arizona, Arkansas and California each have rules for a filer who can be claimed as a dependent on another return that the model never applied. A return on which the filer (or, if joint, either spouse) can be claimed has no dependents (IRC 152(b)(1); Publication 501: "you and your spouse can't claim any dependents on your joint return"), and these states also have their own rules for the claimable filer. This PR applies the ones the federal fixes do not already cover, each symmetric between head and spouse, and fixes two related errors found in the same formulas (final two rows).

Stacked on #10087 (claimable-filer-federal, merged in at 35a2cbc) and #10024. The 2026-10-09 audit (Subfleet research, sweep_s1) was written before those changes; rows they already fix are listed below with the YAML cases that now pin them.

Inputs. #10024 split the input. This PR reads, as the federal branch does:

  • head_or_spouse_is_dependent_elsewhere_without_filing_exception for every "no dependents" rule (IRC 152(b)(1), and the childless CalEITC), so the would-be claimant's refund-only filing exception (Publication 501) restores the dependents;
  • claimability (claimable_as_dependent_on_another_return and its helpers) for a claimable filer's own credits and California's standard deduction;
  • the actual claim (claimed_as_dependent_on_another_return) where the statute says "claimed": Arizona's excise credit and California's renter exclusion.
Formula Rule now Source
az_dependent_tax_credit_potential No dependent credit when either filer can be claimed A.R.S. 43-1073.01 "for each dependent"; 43-1001(3): "'Dependent' has the same meaning prescribed by section 152"
az_family_tax_credit_potential, az_family_tax_credit_eligible $40 for each filer, who still counts as "the taxpayer"; no dependents counted, and the income limit uses the no-or-one-dependent row, when either filer can be claimed 43-1073(B): "$40 for each person ... who is either the taxpayer, the taxpayer's spouse who does not file a return or a dependent"; (A) limits by number of dependents
az_increased_excise_tax_credit, ..._eligible A filer who is claimed is not counted; on a joint return the other spouse still counts ($25); a filer who can be claimed but is not still counts; no dependents counted when either filer can be claimed unless the claimant's refund-only filing exception applies 43-1072.01(A), (C) and, for 2021-2041, 43-1072.02(A), (C): "for a taxpayer who is not claimed as a dependent by any other taxpayer"; $25 "for each person ... who is either the taxpayer, the taxpayer's spouse who does not file a return or a dependent"; 2025 Form 140 line 56 worksheet, PDF p.26: dependents count "provided that person(s) qualifies as a dependent for federal purposes"; the separate imprisoned-spouse example, PDF p.25 allows the otherwise-qualified spouse to claim the credit but excludes the imprisoned spouse. That is an analogy for the per-person treatment here, not an instruction about dependent spouses (reading 1)
az_families_tax_rebate (2021 return) No dependents counted when either filer can be claimed on the 2021 return Laws 2023, ch. 147, sec. 3(A), (D): a taxpayer who "claimed a dependent tax credit under section 43-1073.01" on the 2021 return; $250 "for each dependent tax credit claimed"
ar_personal_credit_dependent No $29 dependent credit when either filer can be claimed; the filers keep their own credits Ark. Code 26-51-501(a)(3)(B), Act 675 of 2005, sec. 14: "'dependent' has the same meaning as defined in § 152 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, in effect on January 1, 2005"; AR1000F instructions: "Each taxpayer and spouse is entitled to one personal tax credit"
ar_personal_credit_disabled_dependent (+ new ar_personal_credit_disabled_child_of_filer) When either filer can be claimed, only a filer's child by birth or adoption qualifies; another dependent does not. The new variable defaults from parent ids (true without ids) and can be set to false for a stepchild, since parent ids also name step-parents Act 417 of 1999: "'Individual' shall mean a child of the taxpayer's blood, an adopted child, or a dependent within the meaning of §26-51-501(a)(3)(B)"
ar_low_income_tax_joint The joint, head of household and surviving spouse tables count no dependents when either filer can be claimed (so the no-or-one-dependent table) Tables split "With One or No Dependents" / "With Two or More Dependents" (2025 tax tables); dependents as on line 7B, IRC 152
ca_standard_deduction The dependent worksheet when either filer can be claimed: the smaller of the California amount and the larger of $1,350 or earned income plus $450 (federal 63(c)(5) amounts) RTC 17073.5(c)(2) (AB 2797, 1998): "Section 63(c)(5) ... shall apply", indexed under 63(c)(4); 2025 Form 540 booklet p.13: "Use this worksheet only if your parent, or someone else, can claim you (or your spouse/RDP) as a dependent"
ca_exemptions No personal, blind or senior credit for a filer who can be claimed (a joint return keeps one personal credit when only one spouse can be claimed); no dependent credits when either filer can be RTC 17054; 2025 Form 540 booklet p.12, line 7: "Head of household, enter -0-" ... "only one spouse/RDP can be claimed as a dependent, enter 1"; lines 8-9: "Do not claim this credit if someone else can claim you as a dependent"; line 10: dependents "must be the same persons you listed as dependents on your federal income tax return"
ca_eitc_eligible (and through it ca_eitc, ca_foster_youth_tax_credit, ca_sf_wftc) Without a CalEITC qualifying child, no credit when either filer can be claimed RTC 17052 (IRC 32(c)(1)(A)(ii)(III)); FTB 3514 2025, Step 4 question f: "Can you be claimed as a dependent on someone else's 2025 tax return? Yes Stop here"
ca_renter_credit (+ new input lives_with_claiming_taxpayer) A filer who is claimed and lived for more than half the year in the claimer's home is not a qualified renter; a joint return still gets $120 when the other spouse qualifies RTC 17053.5(d)(2) (SB 1005, 2016, p.88): "An individual whose principal place of residence for more than 50 percent of the taxable year is with another person who claimed that individual as a dependent"; 2025 qualification record, questions 4-5
ar_federal_cdcc Reads cdcc_qualifying_childcare_expenses (new on the federal branch), so a claimable return with no qualifying child counts no childcare even when a disabled adult is a qualifying person IRC 21(b)(2)(A): expenses "for the care of a qualifying individual", adopted by Ark. Code 26-51-502(b)
dependent_standard_deduction_earned_income (new) The filers' earned income as the dependent worksheet defines it, including farm income (Schedule 1 line 6) that earned_income leaves out 2025 Form 1040 instructions p.35: "Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 1z, and Schedule 1, lines 3, 6, 8r, 8t, and 8u minus the amount, if any, on Schedule 1, line 15"; California's line 1 carries the federal line 2
Reforms: az_dependent_credit_reform, ar_dependent_credit_reform, ca_dependent_credit_reform, repeal_state_dependent_exemptions (California entry), ca_ab2591 Keep the rules above: no dependent credits on a claimable return, no own California personal, senior or blind credit for a claimable filer, and the dependent worksheet under AB 2591 (in years the election is off, and on the elected amount) Default-parity YAML cases for a single claimable filer and both joint labellings
az_families_tax_rebate cap (related fix) At most three dependents on a joint 2021 return, as on every other return ($750, was six and $1,500) Sec. 3(C), (E): "One rebate will be issued for each full-year resident tax return for taxable year 2021"; "a maximum of three dependents for a qualifying taxpayer". ADOR's FAQ gives "$1,500 for married filing jointly" only for "Family A and Family B" who each had a 2021 return and "got married" in 2023
ca_renter_credit income limit (related fix) 2025 joint, head of household and surviving spouse limit $107,988 (was $107,987) 2025 qualification record, question 2: "$107,988 or less if married/RDP filing jointly, head of household, or qualifying surviving spouse/RDP"; 17053.5(j)(4): twice the single amount ($53,994). FTB's renter credit page still shows $107,987. 2021-2024 values match their booklets

Audit rows already fixed by #10024 or the federal branch (not changed here)

  • AZ: 2026 dependent care subtraction (az_dependent_care_expense_subtraction reads cdcc_relevant_expenses and cdcc). Pinned in az_dependent_care_expense_subtraction.yaml (ordinary child barred, disabled child kept).
  • AR: care credit qualifying count (ar_federal_cdcc reads count_cdcc_eligible). Pinned in ar_cdcc_potential.yaml; its childcare expenses are changed here (table above).
  • CA: care credit (ca_cdcc from cdcc / ca_federal_capped_cdcc, on count_cdcc_eligible and, on the federal branch, cdcc_qualifying_childcare_expenses). Pinned in ca_cdcc.yaml.
  • AZ, CA: student loan interest through federal AGI (az_agi, ca_agi read adjusted_gross_income).

Verified by reading each formula on this branch. Rows the audit marked "verify only" or "no change" were checked: Arizona's standard deduction (43-1041) has no dependent limitation and az_standard_deduction does not read the federal one; the Arizona aged exemption already excludes a person who is claimed (it reads the claim input, as Form 140 Box 8 does); Arkansas's own personal, aged, blind and deaf credits and California's young child tax credit (which needs a qualifying child, so the childless gate does not reach it) are unchanged.

Readings for Max (queue via the US + core hub)

All nine items remain undecided for Max. This response changes no formula or default. Statutory readings and missing-data choices are distinguished below; the alternatives are not implemented.

  1. Arizona excise credit, one claimed spouse. Current default: with one actually claimed spouse and no dependents, the other spouse receives $25. A.R.S. 43-1072.02(A), (C) supplies the actual-claim bar and per-person amount. The 2025 Form 140 imprisoned-spouse example, PDF p.25 supports this only by analogy. Alternatives: $25 × 2 = $50 if the unclaimed spouse makes the return eligible and the joint worksheet's two filers, PDF p.26 both count; or $0 if subsection (A)'s taxpayer-level exclusion applies to the entire joint return. No default changed.
  2. California renter credit, the residence input (missing data). Current default: lives_with_claiming_taxpayer is false when residence is unknown. For a 2025 single renter actually claimed elsewhere, with $2,000 AGI and $6,000 rent and all other conditions met, that gives $60; alternative true fallback gives $0. RTC 17053.5(d)(2), SB 1005 PDF p.88 requires both an actual claim and residence with the claimant for more than half the year. Claimability alone does not trigger this statutory exclusion. The choice is how to fill missing residence data, not which input the statute names.
  3. California renter credit, joint return with one excluded spouse. Current default: $120 when one spouse is excluded under (d)(2) but the other is a qualified renter, with $2,000 joint AGI, $6,000 rent and all other conditions met. RTC 17053.5(a)(1)(A), (d)(2)–(3), SB 1005 PDF pp.87–88 supports the individual exclusion and joint amount; (d)(3) expressly extends a different exclusion to a spouse, while (d)(2) does not. Alternative $0: treat the FTB qualification record's questions 4–5 stopping rule, PDF p.25 as ending qualification for the joint return when either spouse answers yes. That is a weaker procedural inference from the form; no comparable statutory spouse-extension authority was found. It remains for Max, without changing $120. Under subsection (b), spouses maintaining separate residences in California all year receive $60 each if both qualify; an excluded spouse still receives $0 and the qualified spouse $60. Residence separation is an unmodeled fact, not this reading.
  4. CalEITC, joint return with one claimable spouse. Current default: no childless credit, following RTC 17052's adoption of IRC 32(c)(1)(A)(ii)(III) and the joint-return dependency rule (Publication 501, joint return test). Alternative: apply FTB 3514 Step 4(d), PDF p.6 literally and skip the dependent question for joint filers. Worked model example: 2025 spouses age 25, wages $500 each, no children or investment income, one claimable, otherwise eligible: current $0 versus $1,000 × 7.65% × 0.85 = $65.025 under the model's continuous formula if allowed (the official table uses income bands). No eligibility or amount changed.
  5. Arkansas low-income tables: which dependents. Current default: use the return's IRC 152 dependents, so zero when either filer is claimable without the claimant filing exception. Alternative: count household dependents regardless of 152(b)(1). Ark. Code 26-51-301, Act 483 of 2021 §6, PDF p.3 splits tables by dependent count without defining it there; §26-51-501(a)(3)(B), §7, PDF p.15 uses IRC 152 for personal credits. Worked 2025 joint example with $26,050 AGI and two household children: current no/one-dependent table $222; alternative two-or-more-dependent table $0 (2025 tax tables, PDF p.3).
  6. Arkansas disabled-dependent credit, dependent without parent ids (missing data). Current default: an eligible disabled dependent with no parent ids keeps $500 on a claimable return, regardless of other household members' links; alternative deny-unknown default gives $0 unless parent ids establish a filer's child. Act 417 of 1999, PDF p.2 distinguishes a filer's birth/adopted child from the IRC-dependent route; missing ids cannot establish which applies. The documented helper default is “to true when the person has no parent ids (the relationship is unknown).” That also returns true for the filer, but the separate credit requires is_tax_unit_dependent: the disabled filer gets $0, the eligible disabled child $500.
  7. Arkansas disabled-dependent credit, stepchildren (missing data). Act 417 of 1999, PDF p.2 limits the independent child route to birth/adoption; a stepchild needs the dependent route barred by IRC 152(b)(1) on the claimable return. Parent ids also name stepparents. Current default: a link naming a filer yields helper true, hence $500 for an otherwise eligible disabled child of unclassified relationship; an explicit false input for a known stepchild gives $0. Alternative false fallback unless the input establishes birth/adoption would give $0 for that same unclassified link, including a birth/adopted child without the override. The input and default remain unchanged.
  8. Arkansas standard deduction (administrative clarification gap; audit P2, not changed). Ark. Code §26-51-430(a)(1), (b) affirmatively allows each taxpayer a deduction and entitles each spouse to one (Act 997 §1, PDF p.1; Act 1488 §1, PDF p.1). Current default reads the 2025 AR1000F note, PDF p.14 as saying dependents add no deduction to the taxpayer's return: $2,470 single or $4,940 joint. Alternative administrative reading denies a claimable filer's own $2,470: $0 single or $2,470 joint with one claimable spouse. The statute supports the full default; the note's intended scope needs DFA clarification. No authority was found for denying the whole joint deduction, so that alternative is withdrawn. Worked amounts assume sufficient income and no larger itemized deduction.
  9. Arkansas tuition deduction (audit P2, not changed). Ark. Code 26-51-447 covers tuition for the taxpayer, spouse or their dependent (AR1075, PDF p.1) without defining dependent there. Current model has no student-role restriction; alternative IRC 152 meaning would remove dependent-student tuition on a claimable return without the claimant filing exception. Worked 2025 example: $1,000 qualified tuition at a two-year college gives min(50% × $1,000, applicable cap) = $500 currently versus $0 for the would-be dependent student under that alternative; taxpayer/spouse tuition gives $500 either way. No deduction or role test changed.

Not readings: California's AB 2591 reform applies the 63(c)(5) limit to whichever deduction is taken; review r2b reports that AB 2591 sec. 2 keeps 17073.5(c)(2) (bill text not fetched here: leginfo refuses automated requests). Settled by the input split: Arizona's excise credit and California's renter credit now read the actual claim, as their statutes say "claimed".

Not modeled (listed, not implemented)

From the audit (sweep_s1), unmodeled provisions that turn on a filer being claimable or claimed:

  • AZ: solar energy credit (A.R.S. 43-1083: the resident must not be another taxpayer's dependent).
  • AR: the state student loan interest deduction (DFA Subject 307: not claimed as a dependent); the developmental-disability certification the disabled-dependent credit also requires.
  • CA: Golden State Stimulus I and II and the Middle Class Tax Refund (dependency exclusions on 2020 status).

Other findings (not fixed here)

  • The federal basic_standard_deduction (from Make rules for a filer claimed elsewhere independent of which spouse is labelled head #10024) computes the dependent worksheet's earned income from tax_unit_earned_income, which leaves out farm income; it could read the new dependent_standard_deduction_earned_income. Not changed here (federal branch).
  • az_families_tax_rebate is computed in every year (defined for Arizona), though only 2021's value is in az_refundable_credits; outside 2021 it should be zero.
  • California 2026 amounts: the repo uprates 2025 values by the California CPI (standard deduction $5,835 single). The research lane reports FTB 2026 indexing of $5,900 / $11,800, exemption credits $158, dependent credits $491 and renter credit limits $55,830 / $111,660; not verified here (FTB's pages refuse automated fetches). Not changed here: a parameter update for all California filers.
  • California renter credit from 2026: the research lane reports that a 2025 amendment to 17053.5 (AB 130, ch. 22, sec. 65) allows $250 / $500 credits only in years the budget funds them, otherwise $60 / $120; not verified here. The repo keeps $60 / $120.

Invariants

  1. Swap invariance. Every changed output, Arkansas's unit tax before credits and state income tax are the same under either head/spouse labelling.
  2. Monotonicity. Marking another filer as claimed never raises Arizona's dependent, family and excise credits, family credit eligibility or 2021 rebate; Arkansas's personal credits; or California's standard deduction, exemption credits, CalEITC eligibility and amount, foster youth credit and renter credit. Left out by design: taxes (Arkansas's low-income table can switch to a higher one).
  3. Identities. When a filer can be claimed and the claimant filing exception does not apply (head_or_spouse_is_dependent_elsewhere_without_filing_exception): no Arizona dependent credit or 2021 rebate and no Arkansas dependent credit. When every filer is claimed (the claim input): no Arizona excise credit. A claimable but unclaimed filer still counts for the excise credit, and the filing exception restores dependents (both pinned in YAML).
  4. Unchanged when nobody is claimable or claimed (as in the default dataset), except the two related fixes: Arizona's joint rebate cap (the rebate variable changes in every year, but it enters tax only in 2021) and California's joint renter credit income limit (+$1 in 2025, and in 2026 through uprating). Checked by the record-by-record microsimulation comparison below, not by the property test.

Tests

  • YAML: variable-named cases for every changed formula and for the inherited care-credit readers: a single claimable filer (and an unclaimed single control where it differs), a joint return with one claimable spouse under both head/spouse labellings, both claimable, and a nobody-claimed control; expected values computed from the law and the repository parameters, with the arithmetic in each case's comments. One existing case changes: the Arizona joint rebate with six children now expects $750 (the cap fix). Round-3 rerun at b39eb1b909079700f739774ff6ae3c8d7834e3e3: all 24 changed YAML files passed, 329 cases. Each file ran directly in its own foreground process with the required four-thread caps.
  • Property test policyengine_us/tests/core/test_claimable_filer_az_ar_ca_invariants.py (Hypothesis plus a seeded population and crafted renter and disabled-dependent cases in the three states, 2021, 2023, 2025, 2026; reuses check_swap and check_monotone). The cases vary the claim input, so claimability follows it and the filing exception is off; the filing exception and claimable-but-unclaimed rules are pinned in YAML instead. Outputs: the credits and deductions listed under invariant 2, ar_income_tax_before_non_refundable_credits_unit and state_income_tax. Round-3 rerun at b39eb1b909079700f739774ff6ae3c8d7834e3e3: 5 passed, in one foreground process with the required four-thread caps. CI group: test-other-python-rest-core. It caught a vectorization bug the single-household YAML cases could not (a tax-unit array combined with a person array in two Arizona formulas), fixed before the microsimulations.

Microsimulation impact

Real microsimulations on the default dataset, claimable-filer-federal (23c6229) vs this branch (97ca53c; to be refreshed against 35a2cbc at the new head), record by record (run.py / compare.py under the shared lock): 2025 and 2026, four full runs. The dataset sets claimed_as_dependent_on_another_return for nobody (weighted sum 0 in both years).

Variable 2025 base 2025 change 2026 base 2026 change
az_income_tax $5.917bn 0 $6.290bn 0
ar_income_tax $2.976bn 0 $3.042bn 0
ca_income_tax $133.614bn 0 $142.426bn 0
state_income_tax $549.394bn 0 $578.323bn 0
az_dependent_tax_credit, az_family_tax_credit, az_increased_excise_tax_credit, ar_personal_credits, ar_low_income_tax_joint, ca_standard_deduction, ca_exemptions, ca_eitc, ca_foster_youth_tax_credit, ca_renter_credit 0 records changed 0 records changed
az_families_tax_rebate $286.8m -$7.96m (21 records, 15,197 weighted units) $279.9m -$8.02m (20 records, 15,304 weighted units)

The rebate change is the joint cap fix. The variable is computed in every year, but only 2021's counts in Arizona's refundable credits, so it moves no tax in 2025 or 2026. 2021: the default dataset returns zero for every tax variable in 2021 (state_income_tax sums to $0 in the base run), so the cap fix's 2021 effect cannot be measured on it and is not estimated here.

axiom: TheAxiomFoundation/rulespec-us#1804 queued (AZ: dependent/family credits, undisputed excise, historical rebate, care reader) | TheAxiomFoundation/rulespec-us#1805 queued (AR: lawful credit units, known disabled-child routes, low-income/care readers) | TheAxiomFoundation/rulespec-us#1806 queued (CA: undisputed exemptions, dependent worksheet, CalEITC/FYTC/renter and care composition)

Merge with main after #10087

Merged main after #10087, preserving this PR's original main-relative changes. The three conflicts were nm_medical_expense_credit.py, its YAML test, and ca_cdcc_relevant_expenses.yaml; each takes main unchanged. Main's Arkansas AGI floor and tax-table rounding are preserved, and the two inherited federal changelog fragments are removed from this PR's diff. Merged subsequent main commits through 5ec60b209a without conflicts.

Corrected two filer expectations in ar_personal_credit_disabled_child_of_filer.yaml from false to true. Source and dependency comparisons show this was a pre-existing expectation mismatch at ff5a45308b, not a behavior change caused by main or either merge: the helper returns true for a person with no parent IDs, including the filer. The disabled-dependent credit separately requires is_tax_unit_dependent: a direct runtime probe confirms helper true and credit $0 for the filer in all three original cases. With both members of the first case disabled, the filer still gets $0 and the eligible child gets $500.

Finish-build validation at f8ef2f24fe8b3754cf1a5594acc999484cf24535: the requested reruns all passed with exit code 0: repeal (10), AR reform (15), AZ reform (8), CA AB2591 (14), CA reform (9), and the helper (3). The other 19 files retain 273 verified prior passes: 25 files and 332 tests combined. Formatting and lint passed. That finish build’s main-relative diff matched the original PR patch except for the two helper expectations and their comment; the round-3 additions are described below.

Response to round 3

  1. Should-fix 1 — resolved by the hub correction, verified here. The documented default is “to true when the person has no parent ids (the relationship is unknown).” The corrected helper arrays [true, true] and [true, false] agree. An extended YAML case asserts helper [true, true] and actual credit [0, 500] for a disabled claimable filer and eligible disabled child; the credit separately excludes filers. No formula or default changed.
  2. Nit 2 — fixed. The Arizona source table labels the PDF p.25 imprisoned-spouse example as an analogy, links the federal-dependent worksheet condition to p.26, and anchors the AB 2797 quotation at p.37.
  3. Nit 3 — fixed. The excise comment and test names distinguish actual claims from claimability, identify the imprisonment analogy, and qualify the no-dependent rule with the claimant's refund-only filing exception. Expected values are unchanged.
  4. Nit 4 — qualified with its source; current behavior retained. Reading 3 now cites FTB questions 4–5 for the procedural $0 alternative and explicitly states its weaker support: the statute excludes the individual and supports $120, with no comparable dependent exclusion extended to the spouse. Both readings remain for Max; no default changed.
  5. Nit 5 — fixed. Reading 8 cites §26-51-430's affirmative taxpayer/spouse entitlement and describes an administrative clarification gap, retains the full deduction, compares only the person-level alternative, and withdraws unsupported whole-joint denial.
  6. Nit 6 — fixed. Both unequal-earnings shared-helper cases now have explicit head/spouse roles and reversed copies preserving each person's facts; expected $2,500 and $1,500 are unchanged.

All nine Readings for Max remain undecided in code, with both readings, citations and worked amounts. Main was merged through 091a744ff2fb1b5765af0c7a131c5ad4afba7f2d without conflicts. Validation at b39eb1b909079700f739774ff6ae3c8d7834e3e3: all 334 tests passed (329 YAML cases across 24 files, plus 5 Python invariants). Every file ran in a separate foreground process, one at a time, with the required four-thread caps; no suites or microsimulations ran. uvx ruff@0.15.5 format . left all 7,009 Python files unchanged and uvx ruff@0.15.5 check . passed.

Test file Passed
dependent_standard_deduction_earned_income.yaml 8
ar_cdcc_potential.yaml 17
ar_personal_credit_dependent.yaml 8
ar_personal_credit_disabled_child_of_filer.yaml 3
ar_personal_credit_disabled_dependent.yaml 21
ar_personal_credits_potential.yaml 6
ar_low_income_tax_joint.yaml 28
az_families_tax_rebate.yaml 17
az_family_tax_credit_eligible.yaml 12
az_family_tax_credit_potential.yaml 8
az_increased_excise_tax_credit.yaml 27
az_dependent_tax_credit_potential.yaml 10
az_dependent_care_expense_subtraction.yaml 16
ca_cdcc.yaml 19
ca_eitc_eligible.yaml 19
ca_foster_youth_tax_credit.yaml 6
ca_renter_credit.yaml 15
ca_standard_deduction.yaml 15
ca_exemptions.yaml 18
repeal_state_dependent_exemptions.yaml 10
ar/dependent_credit_reform_test.yaml 15
az/dependent_credit_reform_test.yaml 8
ca/ab2591/ca_ab2591.yaml 14
ca/dependent_credit_reform_test.yaml 9
test_claimable_filer_az_ar_ca_invariants.py 5

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

MaxGhenis and others added 22 commits October 8, 2026 11:03
The federal standard deduction and 17 state formulas read only whether the
tax-unit head is claimed elsewhere, so a joint return where one spouse can be
claimed was taxed differently depending on which spouse was labelled head.
Each formula now applies its jurisdiction's rule for that case (either spouse,
single filers only, per spouse, or only when every filer is claimed), using
two new label-independent helpers. Adds swap-pair YAML cases and a Hypothesis
property test.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
… barred

The New Mexico, Maine and Hawaii renters gates counted filers who are not
claimed elsewhere, so a tax unit with neither a head nor a spouse (252 in
the default dataset) looked like one whose every filer was claimed. A new
helper, every_filer_is_dependent_elsewhere, requires a claimed filer and no
unclaimed one.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
…ss EITC

- Hawaii's dependent standard deduction uses earned income net of the
  deductible part of self-employment tax, as the N-11 worksheet does.
- New Mexico's medical care credit needs a filer who is both 65 or older
  and not a dependent when a filer is a dependent elsewhere (NMSA 7-2-18.13).
- The federal EITC without a qualifying child requires that no filer can be
  claimed as a dependent (IRC 32(c)(1)(A)(ii)(III), Publication 596), so
  Missouri's working family credit no longer reaches such a couple.
- Hawaii's food/excise credit keeps minor children receiving public support
  (HRS 235-55.85(c)) on a joint return where one spouse can be claimed.
- Comments label the readings the law does not settle, and the property
  test covers the EITC and the food/excise exemption amount.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
… meaning

- The federal and Oregon dependent worksheets use earned income net of the
  deductible part of self-employment tax, as Hawaii's now does.
- Hawaii's food/excise minor-child count excludes children who can be
  claimed by another taxpayer and the filers themselves (Form N-311 line 3).
- claimed_as_dependent_on_another_return documents what it stands for: a
  §151 deduction for the person is allowable to another taxpayer, so a
  person whose would-be claimer files only for a refund is not one
  (Publications 501 and 596); rules on actually being claimed read it too.
- Hawaii's renters comment labels the mixed joint reading as an inference;
  the Hawaii dependent threshold cites HRS 235-2.4(a)(3) on its page.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
A filer who can be claimed on another return is treated as having no
dependents (IRC 152(b)(1); on a joint return either spouse counts) and has no
personal exemption (IRC 151(d)(2)); one who is claimed gets no education
credits (25A(g)(3)), student loan interest deduction (221(c)) or recovery
rebate (6428(d)(2), 6428A(d)(2), 6428B(c)(2)). The model read none of these.
Now the child tax credit and credit for other dependents, the under-13 child
and dependent care qualifying person, exemptions_count and its RI, DE, OH, OR,
WI, HI and NM readers, the recovery rebates, the education credits and the
student loan interest deduction apply them symmetrically for joint returns.
Georgia keeps its own counts; the HI, WI and Treasury exemption reforms
follow the corrected count.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
…laimed as a dependent

A return on which the filer (or, if joint, either spouse) can be claimed
as a dependent has no IRC 152 dependents (IRC 152(b)(1)). Arizona's
dependent credit, family credit count and income limit, and 2021 families
rebate; Arkansas's dependent credit, generic disabled-dependent credit and
low-income table; and California's dependent exemption credit now follow
that. A claimable filer also loses California's personal, senior and blind
credits (RTC 17054, Form 540 lines 7-9), the childless CalEITC and so the
foster youth credit (RTC 17052, FTB 3514), and is not counted for
Arizona's excise credit (A.R.S. 43-1072.01; Form 140 line 56).
California's standard deduction follows its dependent worksheet (RTC
17073.5(c)(2)). California's renter credit excludes a claimable filer who
lived in the claimer's home (RTC 17053.5(d)(2)), read from a new input,
and its 2025 joint income limit is $107,988.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
…joint Arizona rebate at three dependents

Arkansas's and California's care credits and Arizona's 2026 care
subtraction read the federal qualifying-person count, which the base
branch fixes; YAML cases now pin the claimable-filer and disabled-child
cases. The excise credit cites 43-1072.02, its operative section for
2021-2041. The 2021 families rebate counts at most three dependents on
any return (Laws 2023, ch. 147, sec. 3(E)); ADOR's $1,500 joint maximum
describes two 2021 families who married later.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
… dependent in the Arkansas cases

California's senior and blind credits now subtract the claimable filers'
own aged and blind credits from aged_blind_count, so cases that supply
that count keep working. The Arkansas disabled-dependent cases used a
dependent older than the filers, whom the model made the head; the
dependent is now 15.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
…edit and rebate

Both formulas combined a tax-unit array with a person array, which only
broadcasts when the simulation has one tax unit. The property test's
vectorized population caught it.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
…-dependent relationship fallback, farm income

- The Arizona, Arkansas and California dependent credit reforms, the
  California entry of the state dependent exemption repeal and AB 2591
  replaced the changed formulas with the old ones; they now apply the
  same rules (California through shared helpers in ca_exemptions and
  ca_standard_deduction), with default-parity cases.
- Arizona's family and excise credits count the filers directly on a
  claimable return, so a tax_unit_size input cannot carry dependents in.
- Arkansas's disabled-dependent credit decides an unknown relationship
  from the dependent's own parent ids, not the household's; the comment
  records that parent ids also name step-parents.
- The California dependent worksheet reads the new
  dependent_standard_deduction_earned_income, which counts farm income
  (Schedule 1 line 6) like the federal worksheet.
- The property test adds renters who lived with the claimer and disabled
  dependents with and without parent ids.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
- Child and dependent care: childcare expenses do not count on a return with a
  claimable filer unless a child under 13 still qualifies (IRC 21(b)(2)(A)(ii)).
- Tuition and fees deduction: not allowed to a filer who can be claimed (IRC
  222(c)(3)), so the education credit bar no longer makes such a filer eligible.
- Recovery rebates: the Armed Forces exception waives the identification rule
  only, not the exclusion of a spouse who is another taxpayer's dependent.
- Georgia: the contributed refundable credit and SB 520 reforms count the same
  children as ga_ctc_potential through a new ga_ctc_eligible_child.
- Education credits and student loan interest read the claimed input directly,
  since IRC 25A(g)(3) and 221(c) turn on an actual claim.
- One reference per source document; quote IRC 24(h)(4)(A) exactly.
- Tests: mixed-recipient care, tuition deduction, military rebates, Georgia
  refund cap, and the swapped New Mexico rebate case; the property test now
  covers the state readers of the exemption count.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
# Conflicts:
#	policyengine_us/tests/policy/baseline/gov/states/oh/tax/income/exemptions/personal/oh_personal_exemptions_eligible.yaml
#10024 now separates three facts: is claimed, can be claimed, and the would-be
claimant's filing exception.

- IRC 152(b)(1) gates (child tax credit, credit for other dependents, under-13
  care child and its expenses, dependents in exemptions_count, ARPA dependents,
  Ohio dependents, the Hawaii and Wisconsin reforms) read
  head_or_spouse_is_dependent_elsewhere_without_filing_exception, so a filer
  within the Publication 501 exception keeps their dependents.
- Own exemptions, recovery rebates and the tuition deduction read claimability.
- Education credits and student loan interest keep reading the claimed input.
- Tests: the filing exception and a filer who can be claimed but is not.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
#10024's food/excise credit, Act 115 rebate and renters credit took claimable
filers off exemptions_count themselves. exemptions_count now leaves them out
(and, outside the filing exception, the return's dependents), so those credits
read it as it is; the filing-exception cases were one exemption short.

The renters credit also leaves out a dependent who can be claimed by another
taxpayer (Schedule X counts only people who cannot be), as the food/excise
credit already did.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
- Education credits: a dependent student is not eligible on a return whose
  filer can be claimed outside the filing exception (IRC 25A(f)(1)(A)(iii),
  152(b)(1)); the filer's own eligibility still turns on an actual claim.
- Recovery rebates: no credit when every filer is a dependent of another
  taxpayer (IRC 6428B(a)); the CARES and CAA child prerequisite is a spouse
  with a valid SSN, whether or not that spouse is an eligible individual.
- Child and dependent care: cdcc_qualifying_childcare_expenses holds the
  expense rule, and the single-parent work requirement reform and California's
  expenses read it.
- References: Georgia HB 136 page 3; one entry per recovery rebate statute;
  quote IRC 24(h)(4)(A) exactly in the test comment.
- Tests: dependent students, the two rebate cases, the reform and California
  expenses, and the Hawaii, Wisconsin and Treasury reforms with a claimable
  filer under both labellings.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
- Education credits: is_barred_from_education_credits_by_dependency holds the
  claimed-filer and dependent-student rules; both eligibility formulas and the
  reconciliation SSN reform's Lifetime Learning Credit read it, so the reform
  no longer turns a barred student's tuition into that credit.
- Child and dependent care: childcare counts when any child under 18 is still a
  qualifying individual, so an incapacitated child aged 13 to 17 keeps it.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Setting meets_eitc_identification_requirements on one person made it an input
for every person, so the other spouse lost their SSN too.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
MaxGhenis and others added 3 commits October 11, 2026 12:03
claimable-filer-federal (35a2cbc) split the input: the plain helpers
mean claimability, `claimed_as_dependent_on_another_return` means
actually claimed, and `..._without_filing_exception` applies IRC
152(b)(1) with the refund-only exception (Publication 501). So:

- Dependent counts (AZ dependent and family credits and 2021 rebate, AR
  dependent and generic disabled-dependent credits and low-income
  tables, CA dependent exemption credits, the three dependent credit
  reforms) and the childless CalEITC read the filing-exception helper.
- California's own personal, senior and blind credits and its standard
  deduction read claimability.
- Arizona's excise credit counts only filers who are not actually
  claimed (A.R.S. 43-1072.01/.02: "not claimed"); California's renter
  exclusion reads the actual claim (RTC 17053.5(d)(2): "claimed").
- Arkansas's care credit reads cdcc_qualifying_childcare_expenses, so a
  claimable return without a qualifying child counts no childcare.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
…he property test's excise identity

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
…ild input for Arkansas, joint AB 2591 cases

- dependent_standard_deduction_earned_income uses irs_employment_income
  (after elective deferrals, Form 1040 line 1z) plus self-employment and
  farm income, less the deductible part of self-employment tax.
- ar_personal_credit_disabled_child_of_filer (new, overridable) carries
  the credit's birth-or-adoption child route, defaulting from parent ids
  (or true without ids); an input marks a stepchild.
- Joint AB 2591 cases under both labellings, election off and on;
  401(k) and stepchild cases; changelog matches the split inputs.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Base automatically changed from claimable-filer-federal to main October 16, 2026 06:10

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