dnscrypt-proxy (dnsdoh.art edge fork)

Important

Archived in October 2026. This repository is no longer maintained and the code no longer runs anywhere. It stays online, read-only, so the commits, benchmarks and notes can still be linked.

Using dnsdoh.art? Nothing changes for you

• Same addresses: https://dnsdoh.art/dns-query, tls://dnsdoh.art, quic://dnsdoh.art, 194.180.189.33.
• Ad, tracker and malware blocking still works.
• You do not need to reconfigure anything.

The change happened on the server only. It now runs two upstream programs instead of four patched forks, so there are fewer moving parts.

Where dnsdoh.art went

dnsdoh.art used to run AdGuardHome-edge -> Unbound -> dnscrypt-proxy, with patched forks of AdGuardHome, dnsproxy, urlfilter and dnscrypt-proxy. Each upstream release meant rebasing and re-benchmarking all four forks. Between late September and early October 2026 the stack was replaced by two upstream projects with no patches applied:

nginx      443 DoH + DoH3
  └─> dnsdist  53 plain · 853 DoT + DoQ · blocklists
        └─> Unbound  127.0.0.1 · DNSSEC validation
              └─> DoT  Cloudflare 1.1.1.1 · Quad9 9.9.9.10

• 2026-09-27 - dnsdist took over ports 53 and 853 from AdGuardHome-edge.
• 2026-10-04 - Unbound began forwarding over DoT itself. AdGuardHome-edge, dnsproxy and dnscrypt-proxy were removed from the server.

This fork sat between Unbound and the upstream resolvers. Unbound now talks DoT to them directly.

Current versions and the resolver build are at Ozy-666/unbound-edge, and the service at dnsdoh.art.

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Upstream: Forked from DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy by Frank Denis (@jedisct1).
Maintained by: Ozy-666 for the dnsdoh.art production stack.
Target: High-throughput linux/amd64 (compiled with GOAMD64=v3 for AMD EPYC Zen 2). Rebased on upstream 2.1.18 (2026-07-18).

Part of the adguardhome-edge stack: AGH-Edge → Unbound → dnscrypt-proxy → upstream resolvers (Cloudflare over DoH + Quad9 over DNSCrypt; Google was dropped for privacy). Stack specification and the AGH-Edge component live at Ozy-666/AdGuardHome-edge-spec.

For original documentation, configuration reference, and upstream changelog see the original repository.

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Edge-fork changes

Changes carried in this fork on top of upstream, focused on cutting per-query GC pressure on the hot UDP path and trimming attack surface / binary size:

64 KiB TCP response path (MaxDNSTCPPacketSize) — fixes >4 KiB SERVFAILs

Upstream's global MaxDNSPacketSize = 4096 silently broke every DNS answer larger than 4 KiB: the upstream server delivered the full response over TCP, and the proxy's own reader rejected the frame and reset the connection — SERVFAIL for the client. Observed live: cisco.com TXT (6,816 B, 88 records), microsoft.com TXT (4,890 B), samsung.com TXT (4,131 B). Most operators never notice because A/AAAA answers are small; big TXT, DNSKEY and HTTPS RRsets hit it.

Fix: a separate MaxDNSTCPPacketSize = 65535 (the RFC 1035 wire maximum) applied on the response path only — ReadPrefixed (rewritten to two io.ReadFull calls with exact-size allocation, so small responses now allocate less than the old fixed 4 KiB buffer), the DNSCrypt Decrypt size gate, and the three response validation gates. Since 2.1.18 ReadPrefixed takes net.Conn by value rather than *net.Conn, so it composes with upstream's firstReadConn timing wrapper; the first io.ReadFull (the 2-byte length prefix) is what trips that wrapper's time-to-first-byte stamp. Query limits, UDP buffer sizes, EDNS advertisements and DNSCrypt query padding deliberately keep the 4096/1252 limits: raising those would invite fragmentation and padding bloat. UDP clients still get standard TC=1 truncation and recover over TCP — which now actually works for >4 KiB answers.

Hot-path buffer pooling (dnscrypt-proxy/bufpool.go)

Under high QPS the per-query make([]byte, …) of the fixed ~4 KiB packet buffers dominated GC pressure. Two sync.Pools now back the live UDP path:

• udpQueryBufferPool — inbound UDP query reads in Proxy.udpListener. The worker goroutine returns the buffer once processIncomingQuery completes.
• encryptedResponseBufferPool — the encrypted upstream UDP response read in exchangeWithUDPServer / exchangeWithUDPServerViaProxy.

Pools store *[]byte so the slice header isn't boxed into the interface on Put. Aliasing contract: Decrypt returns a fresh buffer on success but aliases its input on every error path, so a pooled buffer is only ever Put before Decrypt runs or after it succeeds — never on a Decrypt error (dropped to the GC instead).

Path	Before	After
UDP query read buffer	4096 B, 1 alloc/op	0 B, 0 allocs/op
Encrypted response buffer	4096 B, 1 alloc/op	0 B, 0 allocs/op

Lazy session-data map (dnscrypt-proxy/plugins.go)

NewPluginsState unconditionally allocated a map[string]any per request. The map is now allocated lazily on first write via setSessionData; reads from a nil map are safe in Go, so configs whose active plugins never write session data pay zero map allocations per query.

Path	Before	After
NewPluginsState sessionData map	1 map alloc/req	0 allocs/op

Monitoring UI removed

The embedded monitoring UI (HTTP + WebSocket + Prometheus server, ~1.3 KLOC and embedded HTML/JS assets) was removed: deleted monitoring_ui.go, templates.go, static/, and dropped the github.com/gorilla/websocket dependency. This trims attack surface and shrinks the binary by ~455 KB.

MonitoringUIConfig is kept as an inert struct only so existing configs carrying a [monitoring_ui] section still decode (the loader rejects unknown TOML keys). If enabled = true is set, the loader logs a warning that the section is ignored.

ODoH (Oblivious DoH) removed

Oblivious DoH support was stripped: deleted oblivious_doh.go (the ODoH config parsing + HPKE-style query encrypt/response decrypt), XTransport.ObliviousDoHQuery, processODoHQuery/refreshODoHKey, the ODoH target-config fetch path (fetchODoHTargetInfo/_fetchODoHTargetInfo/fetchTargetConfigsFromWellKnown), the per-server ODoH key-refresh state on ServersInfo, the ODoHRelay type and Relay.ODoH field, and the odoh_servers option (SourceODoH). All StampProtoTypeODoH* dispatch branches are gone; DNSCrypt anonymization relays are unaffected. This removes the ODoH crypto/wire code and an HTTP content-type path from the attack surface. The odoh_servers TOML key is no longer recognized — the strict loader rejects it, so it must be removed from existing configs (done in the shipped/example TOML).

Offline source lists (no auto-update fetch)

Remote downloading of the [sources] resolver/relay lists is disabled at the binary level (sources.go, allowSourceDownloads = false). Sources load exclusively from their local signed cache files (public-resolvers.md / relays.md + .minisig); the proxy never makes outbound HTTP to fetch or refresh them — removing a network dependency and a periodic egress from a privacy resolver. The signed cache files must be present in the working directory (the loader fails closed otherwise). The test suite re-enables downloads to keep exercising the fetch paths. Upstreams are best pinned directly via [static] stamps (see Recommended runtime configuration) so resolution doesn't depend on the catalog at all.

Transport timeouts aligned to the query budget

The HTTP transport's connection-level timeouts were left at a hardcoded 30 s default (DefaultTimeout) that config never overrode — xTransport.timeout was the master for the dialer's TCP-connect timeout, ResponseHeaderTimeout and ExpectContinueTimeout, yet only keepAlive was wired from the TOML. The toml timeout (e.g. 800 ms) is now also wired into xTransport.timeout (config_loader.go), so the transport's connection-level timeouts reflect the real per-query budget instead of a 30 s ceiling that was mostly shadowed by the per-request http.Client.Timeout anyway.

The HTTP/2 idle health-check is decoupled from that budget so it doesn't become an over-aggressive sub-second ping: ReadIdleTimeout 30 s → 10 s plus an explicit 5 s PingTimeout (new HTTP2ReadIdleTimeout / HTTP2PingTimeout constants). Dead keep-alive connections to DoH upstreams are now reaped in ~15 s instead of riding the per-query timeout, without pinging idle-but-healthy connections every 800 ms. The DNSCrypt UDP/TCP path already used serverInfo.Timeout (= the toml timeout) and bootstrap DNS keeps its own 5 s ResolverReadTimeout — both untouched.

No outbound version-check or auto-update

dnscrypt-proxy v2 has no auto-update or version-announcement call, and this was audited and confirmed for the edge build: -version prints the local version string and exits, the only http.Client is the DoH transport (Fetch, used for queries and the now-disabled source downloads), and netprobe is a UDP connectivity check. Combined with Offline source lists above, a privacy resolver makes zero discretionary outbound HTTP — only the encrypted DNS queries themselves.

Hot-path lock contention removed

Per-query synchronization was reduced so query throughput scales with cores instead of serializing on shared mutexes:

• Dead plugin-globals lock removed (plugins.go) — PluginsGlobals embeds a sync.RWMutex that was read-locked three times per query (query, response, logging plugin loops) but is never write-locked anywhere: the plugin slices are built once in InitPluginsGlobals before any listener starts and never reassigned (hot reload swaps each plugin's own internal state under the plugin's own lock). Those three RLock/RUnlock pairs were pure cross-core cache-line traffic and are gone from the hot path. (The startup-only reader in InitHotReload keeps the lock, which is why the field remains.)
• getOne() no longer takes the write lock (serversInfo.go) — every query selected an upstream under ServersInfo's exclusive Lock(), serializing all queries. The default WP2 strategy's selection is read-only, so it now uses RLock(). The mutating recoverDormantServers() that used to run inline on every query was moved to a dedicated 10s maintenance goroutine (StartProxy), matching its existing time-gating. Estimator-based strategies keep the write lock.
• updateServerStats() O(n) scan removed (serversInfo.go) — it locked and linearly scanned the server list by name after every query to find a *ServerInfo the caller already held. It now takes the pointer directly (O(1) under the lock).

Per-query allocation trims

• UDP connection-pool key reuse (udp_conn_pool.go) — Get/Put each called addr.String(), allocating the same "ip:port" string twice per UDP query for a stable upstream. New GetByKey/PutByKey let exchangeWithUDPServer format the key once.
• ASCII StringReverse (common.go) — reversed via []rune (UTF-8 decode + extra allocation); DNS names are ASCII (enforced by NormalizeQName), so it now reverses bytewise. Removes an allocation from every name-filter evaluation (pattern_matcher.go).
• Guarded debug log (proxy.go) — processIncomingQuery built (*clientAddr).String() on every query for a debug line that is off in production; now gated behind the debug log level.
• Precomputed EDNS0 padding (dnsutils.go) — addEDNS0PaddingIfNoneFound built the padding hex with strings.Repeat("58", paddingLen) on every DoH query (EDNS0 block padding, paddingLen 0–63). The "58" run is now precomputed once to the block size and sliced from a shared backing string (byte-identical output; falls back to strings.Repeat only for the rare larger length, e.g. the unused local-DoH server path). Since WP2 routes the majority of traffic to DoH upstreams, this removes one allocation from the hot path per DoH query.

Security backports & dependency audit (2026-06-10)

Findings from a fork recheck against upstream master and the Go vulnerability database:

• Response-question validation backported (upstream commits fef535cb + 8de342ea, post-2.1.16, credited to Kun-Ta Chu) — received DNS responses whose question name, type, or class does not match the original query are now rejected on the central response path, manual DNS exchanges, and DNSCrypt/DoH server probes. _dnsExchange additionally verifies the response bit and the response ID. Our transport channels are authenticated (DNSCrypt signatures / DoH TLS), so this guards against a misbehaving upstream resolver rather than on-path spoofing — cheap defense-in-depth on the exact query path. The ODoH-probe hunks of the upstream patch were dropped (ODoH is removed in this fork).
• golang.org/x/net v0.54.0 → v0.55.0 — govulncheck flagged GO-2026-5026 (x/net/idna fails to reject ASCII-only Punycode labels) as reachable via xtransport.go → http.Transport → idna.ToASCII on the DoH upstream path. Practical exploitability is low (hostnames come from our static resolver config), fixed by the bump. After it, govulncheck reports 0 reachable vulnerabilities. The re-vendor also dropped the orphaned go-hpke-compact dependency left behind by the ODoH strip.
• Not backported (verified not applicable): upstream's cloaking-rule cycle-detection fix (no cloaking rules used) and the TCP-fallback fix for truncated forwarded queries (no forwarding rules configured).

Upstream rebase to 2.1.18 (2026-07-25)

Merged upstream 2.1.18 on top of the fork. Conflicts and their resolutions:

• ReadPrefixed signature (common.go) — upstream changed *net.Conn to net.Conn so the reader can be wrapped by the new firstReadConn time-to-first-byte probe. Kept the fork's 64 KiB body, adopted the value receiver; callers and tcp_size_test.go updated.
• CI workflow — kept the fork's simplified releases.yml (test + single GOAMD64=v3 build), adopted upstream's persist-credentials: false hardening on checkout. codeql-analysis.yml stays deleted.

Relevant upstream changes inherited: $PROXY: prefix in forwarding rules (unused here — no forwarding rules), more reliable PQDNSCrypt certificate retrieval on fragmented-UDP paths, and RTT accounting changes that feed server selection — the startup benchmark no longer counts PQ certificate transfer time (3770b529), and _dnsExchange now starts the clock before the TCP dial rather than after it (f8cd9cb7), since a real TCP query dials fresh every time. Expect DNSCrypt-over-TCP RTT estimates to read slightly higher than on 2.1.17 and the cert-fetch path slightly lower.

Regression caught during this rebase: the earlier 2.1.17 merge (5adcade5) silently reverted the precomputed EDNS0 padding patch (431cd331) — addEDNS0PaddingIfNoneFound had fallen back to strings.Repeat("58", paddingLen) on every DoH query, and the deployed 2.1.17 binary shipped without it for ~11 days. Restored in the 2.1.18 merge. Every other fork patch was verified present by diffing patch markers against edge-stable (the last known-good fork state) — an upstream merge that touches a patched function can drop a fork patch without producing a conflict, so this marker diff is now part of the merge procedure.

Benchmarks

Before/after for the per-query patches, measured on AMD EPYC 7542 with GOMAXPROCS=4, GOAMD64=v3, median of 3 (go test -run '^$' -bench Perf -benchmem -count=3). The runnable cases live in dnscrypt-proxy/bench_perf_test.go and dnscrypt-proxy/bufpool_test.go.

Patch	Before	After	Δ
Plugin-globals lock removed	64.6 ns	6.8 ns	~9.5× faster
StringReverse ([]rune→bytewise)	309.7 ns, 48 B/op	59.2 ns, 32 B/op	~5.2× faster
Stats: O(n) name scan → pointer	59.5 ns	28.4 ns	~2.1× faster
UDP pool key (String() ×2→×1)	325.7 ns, 6 allocs/op	164.2 ns, 3 allocs/op	~2.0× faster, ½ allocs
getOne Lock→RLock (WP2)	49.7 ns	38.7 ns	~1.3× @4 cores*

* The lock-removal/RLock gains grow with core count (the exclusive-lock path serializes every query); the 4-core figure understates the scaling benefit.

Pooled hot-path buffers (bufpool.go):

Path	Before	After
UDP query buffer	948.8 ns, 4096 B, 1 alloc	13.8 ns, 0 B, 0 allocs
Encrypted response buffer	948.8 ns, 4096 B, 1 alloc	13.9 ns, 0 B, 0 allocs
NewPluginsState sessionData map	1 map alloc/req	0 allocs

Recommended runtime configuration (load balancing)

The patched getOne() (see Hot-path lock contention removed) only takes the parallel-friendly shared RLock() for the WP2 strategy. Every other strategy (fastest/first, p2, ph, pN, random) takes the exclusive Lock() and serializes every query on a single mutex, and lb_estimator = true adds an O(n) sortByRtt under that lock. For maximum QPS and lock-free selection on the 4-core EPYC, configure:

lb_strategy = 'wp2'      # only strategy that uses the shared RLock path
lb_estimator = false     # estimator is unused under WP2; keep it off explicitly

WP2 (weighted power-of-two-choices) samples two distinct random servers per query, scores each by RTT (70%) + success rate (30%), and routes to the better one. Versus fastest (always the single lowest-RTT node) it spreads load across the anycast upstreams, keeps every server's RTT estimate fresh, and avoids the synchronized flip/herd jitter fastest exhibits when the estimator re-sorts.

With exactly two servers configured, WP2 degenerates to deterministic best-of-two. getWeightedCandidate forces the second sample to differ from the first, so a 2-server pool is always scored in full and the higher score always wins — the random tie-breaker only fires on exact float equality, which effectively never happens. Scoring normalizes RTT against a 1000 ms ceiling (rttScore = 1 - rtt/1000, weighted 0.7), so a 4 ms vs 12 ms gap is a score difference of ~0.006 out of ~1.0 — negligible in magnitude, yet still decisive because the comparison is a strict >. The practical result: the faster server takes essentially all traffic and the other is a hot standby, taking over only when it wins on score (the leader's RTT degrades) or fails. This is WP2 working as designed, not a misconfiguration.

The deployed config runs exactly this two-server case — cloudflare (DoH) and quad9-dnscrypt-ip4-nofilter-pri (DNSCrypt); Google was deliberately dropped for privacy and is left commented out in the TOML. Cloudflare measures consistently lower (~4 ms, see the startup-benchmark log line), so it wins the comparison on effectively every query and the Quad9 DNSCrypt leg sits as standby. Restoring query-level alternation would mean adding a third upstream of comparable RTT that meets the same privacy bar — a deliberate trade, not a tuning fix, and not a reason to re-add a logging resolver. The per-query selection math (2 RTT reads, a few float divisions, 2 rand.Intn) is negligible, and on Go ≥1.22 without rand.Seed the RNG is lock-free, so the RLock path scales cleanly across all 4 cores. This is a pure runtime config change (no rebuild) — applied live to the deployed instance.

Empirical A/B (live, 127.0.0.1:5053). Each strategy was restarted, warmed, then measured with an identical sequential latency probe (240 queries) and a load test (10 s, 10 concurrent clients); fastest/p2 ran with lb_estimator = true (their intended mode). WP2 won on both axes:

Strategy	seq p50	seq p99	Load QPS	NOERROR
wp2 (est off)	4–5 ms	9 ms	2,285	100%
fastest (est on)	6 ms	8 ms	1,760	100%
p2 (est on)	6 ms	15 ms	1,579	100%

fastest pins to whatever server was inner[0] at startup (often the 6 ms node, not the 4 ms one), while WP2's scoring keeps routing to the better upstream — so WP2 is the lowest-latency option, not a load-spreading compromise. (This A/B was run against the then-current three-server pool; with today's two servers WP2's sampling no longer varies, but its scoring still picks the better node per query, which is what produced the latency win here.) The ~25–30% throughput gap is the exclusive Lock() (fastest/p2) serializing selection versus WP2's shared RLock(). Conclusion: WP2 is both fastest and highest-throughput here; keep it.

Since remote source downloads are disabled (see Offline source lists), the upstreams are pinned by [static] stamp so resolution never depends on the catalog:

[static]
  [static.'cloudflare']
  stamp = 'sdns://...'              # DoH   (extracted from the signed list)
  [static.'quad9-dnscrypt-ip4-nofilter-pri']
  stamp = 'sdns://...'              # DNSCrypt

Two upstreams only: Google was removed for privacy and its [static.'google'] block is kept commented out in the deployed TOML rather than deleted, so the omission reads as intentional. See the WP2 note above for what a two-server pool means for selection.

Load & fuzz testing

Validated on the live service (AMD EPYC 7542, 4 vCPU, single NUMA) with lb_strategy = 'wp2', using a throwaway stdlib-only UDP client that crafts raw DNS query packets and fires them concurrently at the local listener (127.0.0.1:5053), while sampling the proxy's RSS, thread count and CPU jiffies from /proc once per second.

Methodology

• Load: N concurrent workers, each on its own UDP socket, send A-record queries for a rotating set of ~15 domains for a fixed duration, read the reply with a 2 s deadline, and record latency plus rcode. Counters track ok / timeout / error / SERVFAIL; latency percentiles are computed from all samples. (cache = false, so every query is forwarded to an upstream.)
• Fuzz: workers send malformed packets — pure random bytes; a valid 12-byte header followed by garbage with a bogus QDCOUNT; sub-header truncated packets; oversized (>4 KiB) packets; and a valid header with an illegal qname label — then a known-good query confirms liveness. The proxy must drop all garbage without crashing and keep answering valid queries.
• Mixed: load and fuzz run simultaneously to confirm malformed traffic does not degrade legitimate queries.

Results

Scenario	Queries	OK	Timeouts	Errors	SERVFAIL	QPS	p50/p90/p99
Load (cold, 60 workers)	22,286	22,120	166 (0.7%)	0	0	1,843	18 / 31 / 46 ms
Load (warm, 50 workers)	30,765	30,612	153 (0.5%)	0	0	3,061	6.8 / 8.3 / 22 ms
Fuzz (3,300 malformed)	3,300	n/a	n/a	0 crashes	n/a	n/a	0 replies (all dropped)

• QPS is upstream-bound (every query forwarded to anycast), not proxy-bound: at 1,843 QPS the proxy used only ~0.46 of one core. The warm-run latency drop (p50 18 → 6.8 ms) reflects the UDP connection pool reusing warm upstream sockets.
• 0 errors / 0 SERVFAIL across ~53k legitimate queries; the ~0.5–0.7% timeouts were upstream UDP non-responses, not proxy faults.
• All 3,300 malformed packets were dropped at validateQuery/Unpack (0 replies, ~0 CPU); no panic, nil-pointer or index-out-of-range in the journal; liveness valid after every fuzz round.
• RSS stayed flat at ~20 MB, threads at 6–7, and the process PID was unchanged throughout (no crash or restart). Under the adversarial mix, legitimate queries were unaffected (3,061 QPS, 0 errors) while garbage was dropped concurrently.

Building

Compiled with GOAMD64=v3 and CGO_ENABLED=0, stripped and trimmed, targeting linux/amd64 (AMD EPYC Zen 2).

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License

• Original Work: Copyright (c) 2017-2026 Frank Denis (j at dnscrypt dot org), released under the ISC License.
• Edge-Fork Modifications & Custom Patches: Copyright (c) 2026 Ozy-666 (https://dnsdoh.art), released under the ISC License.

See the full LICENSE file for details.