mini_project

🚦 Railway Safety Management System

A full-stack Railway Level Crossing Safety System that integrates ESP32 hardware sensors, a Flask backend, MongoDB, and a modern web dashboard to monitor trains, control gates, and log safety events in real time.

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📌 Project Overview

This system automates railway gate operations using ultrasonic sensors and an ESP32, while providing a secure web dashboard for railway and government officers.

🔹 Key Objectives

• Prevent accidents at railway level crossings
• Automate gate control based on train movement
• Detect obstacles during gate operation
• Maintain complete activity and sensor history
• Allow authorized manual gate override in emergencies

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🧠 System Architecture

ESP32 + Sensors ↓ Flask REST API ↓ MongoDB Database ↓ Web Dashboard (HTML, CSS, JS)

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⚙️ Features

🔐 Authentication & Roles

• Secure login/signup using JWT
• Password hashing with Werkzeug
• Roles:
  • Government Officer
  • Railway Officer
• Auto-generated Badge ID

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🚂 Automated Gate Control (ESP32)

• Detects:
  • Train arrival
  • Obstacles on track
  • Train departure
• Gate behavior:
  • Slow close for safety
  • Half-close if obstacle detected
  • Resume closing after obstacle clears
  • Slow open after train departure

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📊 Live Dashboard

• Real-time sensor monitoring
• Gate override controls (manual)
• User profile & role display
• System health indicators

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🧾 Activity History

• Sensor logs from ESP32
• Manual gate override logs
• Timestamped and stored permanently in MongoDB

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🧩 Tech Stack

🖥 Backend

• Python
• Flask
• Flask-CORS
• PyJWT
• MongoDB (PyMongo)

🌐 Frontend

• HTML5
• CSS3 (Glassmorphism UI)
• JavaScript (Vanilla JS)
• Responsive Design

🤖 Hardware

• ESP32
• Ultrasonic Sensors (HC-SR04)
• Servo Motor
• ESP32Servo Library

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🗄 Database Structure (MongoDB)

Database: railway_system

Collections:

• users – user accounts & roles
• sensors – latest live sensor values
• history – permanent event logs

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🔌 API Endpoints

Authentication

Method	Endpoint	Description
POST	/signup	Create new user
POST	/login	Login & get JWT

System

| GET | /status | Server & MongoDB status |

Sensors

| POST | /sensor/update | ESP32 sensor data | | GET | /sensor/live | Live sensor data (JWT protected) |

Gate

| POST | /gate/log | Manual gate action logging |

History

| GET | /history | Last 50 system logs (JWT protected) |

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🛠 Setup Instructions

1️⃣ Backend Setup

pip install flask flask-cors pymongo pyjwt werkzeug
python app.py
Ensure MongoDB is running locally:

mongod
2️⃣ Frontend Setup
Open index.html in browser

Ensure backend runs at:

http://127.0.0.1:5000
3️⃣ ESP32 Setup
Install ESP32Servo library

Connect:

Servo → Pin 13

Ultrasonic Sensors → Pins as defined in code

Upload the ESP32 .ino code

Open Serial Monitor (115200 baud)

🧪 Testing Flow
Signup & Login from dashboard

ESP32 sends sensor data

Gate auto-closes on train arrival

Obstacle triggers half-close

Gate opens after train departure

All actions logged in History tab

🔐 Security Highlights
JWT-based API protection

Password hashing

Role-based UI access

Session auto-logout on tab close

🚀 Future Enhancements
Cloud deployment (AWS / Railway / Render)

WebSockets for real-time updates

SMS/Email alerts

AI-based train detection (camera)

Multi-crossing support