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JVM: get_rid, get_vertex, get_edge and get_element of a row and get_rid of a record cross once each (refs #388) - #395

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perf/388-residual-jvm-reader-rid

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@tae898 tae898 commented Nov 14, 2026

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What does this PR do?

On the JVM wheel, Result.get_rid() made four JPype calls (getIdentity, isPresent, get, toString), Result.get_vertex(), get_edge() and get_element() three each (getVertex(), isPresent(), get()), and Document.get_rid() two. get_rid() is in most read loops, and the native wheel needs no call for it (the id is in the row's metadata).

Now each of the five is one call to a new method of ReaderCalls (src/java/com/arcadedb/python/ReaderCalls.java):

public static String ridOf(Result row)            // null when the row is not a record
public static String documentRid(Document doc)    // null when the record has no identity yet
public static Object vertexOrNull(Result row)
public static Object edgeOrNull(Result row)
public static Object elementOrNull(Result row)

The methods return what the old calls returned: the id as text and the Java object of its own class, which Python wraps as before. A record with no identity yet still reads as the text None, as str() of the missing identity did. The wheel carries its own bridge jar, so the per-call route is gone from these five methods, as it was for the timestamp columns in #383.

Related issues

Refs #388 and #315. This is not one of the ten ranked rows of #388: I found it reading the same code for what the ten leave out.

Performance changes

Not measured yet, so no figure here. The change removes crossings, which the tests count, and I have not timed it. The speed claim waits for a timed A/B of a candidate wheel against 26.11.1.post3, as CONTRIBUTING asks.

The figure for that A/B: the loop for row in db.query(...): row.get_rid() over a vertex type, an edge type and a document type, at 1, 100 and 100,000 rows, and one get_vertex(), get_edge() or get_element() per row of the matching type. The unit of one operation is one call of the method, reported per row. Wheel: arcadedb-jvm. The parity digest covers, for every row, the id text and the Java class name of the returned object. The no-change control is the same loop with row.get("name"), whose path this change does not touch, and an A/A pair.

Memory: the change allocates one short Java string per get_rid() (the id) and nothing else. No array, batch or second copy of an input is held.

How I checked it

The tests come first in the first commit and the change in the second, so a run of the first commit shows them failing on the old code.

  • tests/test_reader_identity_crossings.py (JVM wheel only, listed in NATIVE_NOT_APPLICABLE): for a vertex, an edge, a document, a projection and an aggregate row, each of the five methods is exactly one call into ReaderCalls and none on the Java row or record (the old code makes four, three and two calls on the row and none on ReaderCalls), and its answer equals the per-call path written out in the test (id text, None for a row that is no record, Java class of the element, Python wrapper type). A record with no identity yet reads as str() of its identity did.
  • Run on this branch, light checks only: uvx pre-commit run --files on the changed files, Bandit as CI runs it, pyflakes.
  • Not run locally, so CI has to prove them: the Java compiles (no JDK on this machine), and the tests above on the JVM wheel. A draft pull request skips the platform legs, so they start when it is marked ready.

CI: to be filled in once the legs have run.

Docs

No page or the README describes how these calls cross, so none needs an update.

Checklist

  • A regression test fails on the old code and passes on the new (the first needs the CI run of the first commit to be seen)
  • The test suite that the change can affect passes (CI)
  • uvx pre-commit run --files <changed files> passes

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

tae898 and others added 11 commits November 14, 2026 07:34
…ject_hook and without reading its side array (refs #315)

to_list() and iter_dicts() of the JVM wheel build a json object_hook for every batch and read the
side array of every batch, whether or not the batch holds a tagged value. These tests count the hook
factory, the object_hook argument of json.loads and the batch elements that are read, for a result of
plain values (no hook, no read of the side array) and for every kind of value the bridge tags (the
hook stays). They also compare to_list() and iter_dicts() with the decoding that always builds the
hook, over single shapes, a mixed result and batch boundaries.

They fail on the current decoder (every batch gets a hook and a read of the side array) and pass once
the decoder looks for the tag escape in the batch text first.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
…s text without an object_hook and without reading its side array (refs #315)

Every batch was decoded with json.loads(text, object_hook=_typed_hook(side)) and its side array was
read first, also when the batch held only plain values. The hook is a Python call per JSON object and
the read of the side array is a JPype operation per batch, which for iter_dicts (one row per crossing)
is one per row.

TypedRows writes every tag as {"\u0001": [kind, payload]} with the escape spelled out, writes a control
character of a string as the same escape, and never writes the raw character, and every side array
entry is referred to by a tag in the text. A text without the escape therefore holds no tag and no side
index, the hook would return each object unchanged, and plain json.loads gives the same value. The
check is a substring scan of a str that already exists (_loads_typed_row did it for one row). A string
that holds U+0001 or the text of the escape only keeps the hook, which then changes nothing.

No Java change, and the native wheel is untouched. The speed effect is not measured: it waits for a
timed A/B of a candidate wheel against 26.11.1.post2.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
…taframe on the JVM wheel (refs #315)

Round trips of every Arrow temporal type through a real load on both wheels (every timestamp unit with and without a zone, to the nanosecond; date32 and date64 before 1970; nulls; batches; vertex and parallel loads; pandas and Polars frames), and JVM-only tests that count what one load does: no java.time call and no convert_python_to_java per cell, and each timestamp or date column reaching the bridge as one TemporalColumn per batch. The counting tests fail on the code before, which builds one LocalDateTime or LocalDate per cell in Python and converts every element again.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
…te column crosses as one long[] of epoch ticks, not one JPype call per cell (refs #315)

_temporal_to_java made one LocalDateTime.ofEpochSecond or LocalDate.ofEpochDay call per cell, and insert_columns converted every element of that list again with convert_python_to_java: a million-row timestamp column was two million JPype calls. The column is now the integer epoch values in one long[] (plus one boolean[] when a row is null) wrapped in the new bridge class TemporalColumn (dateTimes(long[] ticks, long ticksPerSecond, boolean[] nulls) and dates(long[] ticks, long ticksPerDay, boolean[] nulls)), and DocumentBatcher builds each LocalDateTime or LocalDate as it fills the document of that row, as StringColumn does for text. The reading rules are the ones of the code before: UTC wall clock, a zoned timestamp is already UTC epoch time, a naive one is the clock it shows, the unit's precision is kept (a nanosecond tick is not cut to microseconds), a tick before the epoch floors, date64 is milliseconds divided by 86,400,000 with a floor. The factory checks the smallest and the largest tick, so a value past the years of java.time still raises before a row is written. The per-cell path is retired: the wheel carries its own bridge jar, so no fallback for an older one. Not measured: the speed claim waits for a timed A/B against 26.11.1.post2.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
…ly text, no free and no JSON decode (refs #315)

arcadedb_n_tx returns the transaction state as one integer (bit 0 active, bits 1 to 31 depth, bits 32 to 62 commits, -1 for an
error whose text lib.last_error holds), as arcadedb_n_cmd returns a cursor id. These tests pin that and that an error still
reaches Python as the same typed exception with the same message:

- with db.transaction() is three foreign calls (mark, begin, commit), all arcadedb_n_tx: no strlen, no copy into a str, no
  arcadedb_free (was twelve);
- begin, commit, rollback, is_transaction_active and the mark each make exactly one foreign call;
- no JSON decode in a transaction, not even for the mark that reads active and depth;
- the layout of the integer, -1 for an unknown handle with the error in last_error, commit without begin, rollback with nothing to
  roll back, a failed statement in a block, nested with blocks, an injected failure on each entry point, a database closed with a
  transaction open.

They fail on the old code: lib.tx does not exist there, and the foreign-call and decode counts are higher.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
…not a JSON text (refs #315)

A begin, a commit, a rollback and a mark each crossed into the library and got back a malloc'd JSON text of about 60 bytes that
Python read with strlen, a copy into a str and arcadedb_free, and mostly never looked at. with db.transaction() is three crossings
(the mark, begin, commit), so twelve foreign calls and three strings built, copied and freed.

arcadedb_n_tx now returns a long: bit 0 active, bits 1 to 31 depth, bits 32 to 62 the low 31 bits of the commit count, -1 for an
error. It is the way arcadedb_n_cmd returns a cursor id: the error text is kept per thread and read with arcadedb_n_last_error, built
by the same errorJson as before, so the typed exception and its message do not change. Each crossing is one foreign call, and
with db.transaction() is three. The Python side reads the fields of the integer inline, so the mark, the begin and rollback states
the unwind and run_in_transaction read, and is_transaction_active no longer decode anything.

Not measured: the speed claim waits for a timed A/B of a candidate wheel against 26.11.1.post2.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
…ossings, not three (refs #317)

The transaction check of a saved record's save() cannot refuse while auto-transaction is on, yet it
still crossed into the library (arcadedb_n_tx) before the SELECT and the UPDATE. These tests pin two
crossings there, bare and inside a transaction, with and without the read-back of the row, and pin
what must not move: the check is back the moment auto-transaction is off (first, before any read),
a stale record is refused under auto-transaction too, and the stored values and the next save's
baseline are those of an update inside a transaction for NULL, float, text, date-time, date,
Decimal, nested values, a float32 array and a value set unchanged.

The two-crossing tests fail on the code before the change (three crossings); the rest pass on both.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
…te when auto-transaction is on (refs #317)

_save_update asked is_transaction_active() (an arcadedb_n_tx crossing) first and only then looked at
the auto-transaction flag, so the answer was thrown away whenever the flag was on. The operands are
swapped: the flag is a Python attribute, the state is a crossing. With auto-transaction on, an update
of a saved record is two crossings (the SELECT of the stale-record check and the UPDATE), not three.
With it off nothing changes: the check still comes first, outside a transaction and inside one.

The check is not replaced by the engine's refusal for the default mode: the engine runs the
before-update callbacks and the property validation before it looks for a transaction (read in
LocalDatabase.updateRecord of the 26.12.1-SNAPSHOT source), and an UPDATE of a record that is gone
raises nothing, so a save outside a transaction would run callbacks, or pass silently, instead of
raising "Transaction not begun" before it reads. A Python-side record of the transaction state is not
exact either: a SQL COMMIT or ROLLBACK statement ends the transaction without passing the wheel's
transaction calls.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
… no failed assert leaves a transaction open (refs #315)

CI of the first push (run 43478436168) failed two tests on a wrong assumption of mine: I expected the outer begin to raise the depth
by one. LocalDatabase.getNestedTransactions() is the size of the thread's stack of transaction contexts
(DatabaseContext.DatabaseContextTL.transactions). The stack always holds the thread's base context once the thread has used the
database, so the depth is 1 while idle. The outer begin reuses that base context (depth 1, active). Only a begin while a transaction
is active pushes a context (2), the commit or rollback of that level pops it (1, still active), and the outermost end leaves the base
context on the stack (1, idle). popIfNotLastTransaction never removes the last one. The native tx entry point returns exactly that
number, as the old JSON reply did, so the change is right and the two expectations were not.

The fixture now rolls back whatever a test left open before it drops the database, so a failed assert is one failure and not also a
"Cannot drop the database in transaction" teardown error. The close-and-reopen test does the same in a finally.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
…nd get_rid of a record are one call each on the JVM build (refs #388)

The tests count the calls on a proxy of the Java row or record and of ReaderCalls: the parent makes four calls for Result.get_rid, three for each
element getter and two for Document.get_rid, and none on ReaderCalls. A second set compares every answer with the per-call path for a vertex, an edge,
a document, a projection and an aggregate.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
…et_rid cross once each, through ReaderCalls (refs #388)

ReaderCalls.ridOf, vertexOrNull, edgeOrNull, elementOrNull and documentRid answer in one crossing what took getIdentity, isPresent, get and toString for a
row id, getVertex/getEdge/getElement, isPresent and get for an element, and getIdentity plus str() for a record id. A record with no identity yet still
reads as the text str(None), as before. The wheel carries its own bridge jar, so the per-call route is gone from these five methods.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
@tae898 tae898 added python Pull requests that update python code performance Speed or memory of the bindings, with a measurement jvm The arcadedb-jvm package (JPype build) labels Nov 14, 2026
@tae898 tae898 self-assigned this Nov 14, 2026

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