diff --git a/pi-container-sandbox/docs/superpowers/specs/2026-08-15-toolcall-path-translation-design.md b/pi-container-sandbox/docs/superpowers/specs/2026-08-15-toolcall-path-translation-design.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c13311
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pi-container-sandbox/docs/superpowers/specs/2026-08-15-toolcall-path-translation-design.md
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+# 第三方工具 tool_call 路径翻译设计
+
+> 状态：已确认（2026-08-15）
+
+## 背景
+
+`pi-container-sandbox` 只把内置工具 `bash` / `read` / `write` / `edit` 路由进容器，
+项目 cwd 以读写方式 bind-mount 到 `/workspace`。agent 在 `before_agent_start` 阶段
+被告知 cwd 为 `/workspace`，因此天然输出 `/workspace/...` 绝对容器路径。
+
+第三方扩展工具（如 `pi-vision-tools` 的 `describe_image`）运行在**宿主机**上
+（pi 官方文档 containerization.md 明确：tool-routing 扩展只路由自己代理的工具，
+其他自定义扩展工具仍在宿主机运行）。当 agent 把 `/workspace/foo.png` 传给这类工具时，
+宿主机 `readFile("/workspace/foo.png")` 找不到文件（宿主机上没有 `/workspace`），工具失败。
+
+## 目标
+
+让宿主机上运行的第三方工具（以及宿主机内置工具 `find` / `grep` / `ls`）能正确读取
+agent 给出的 `/workspace` 绝对路径，无需第三方工具做任何改动。
+
+## 方案：`tool_call` 事件通用路径翻译
+
+pi 的 `tool_call` 事件中 `event.input` 可变，且「对 `event.input` 的修改会作用到真实工具执行」，
+这是官方为工具调用拦截/改写预留的机制（`pi-permission-system` 已有先例）。
+
+sandbox 订阅 `tool_call`，对**非自己路由**的工具，把其输入参数中的 `/workspace` 路径
+原地翻译为宿主机路径。
+
+## 设计决策
+
+| 决策 | 结论 |
+|------|------|
+| 拦截时机 | `tool_call` 事件（`event.input` 原地 mutate） |
+| 翻译范围 | **仅 `/workspace`**（项目 cwd 挂载）。不处理 `/skills`、不处理用户 mount |
+| 跳过集合 | `{ "bash", "read", "write", "edit" }` —— sandbox 自己路由的工具，内部已做 `hostToContainer` |
+| 配置开关 | **无**，始终开启（YAGNI，需要时再补） |
+| 映射失败 | 不抛错，原样返回（防御式） |
+| 遍历方式 | 递归遍历对象/数组，只替换「字符串值」中等于 `/workspace` 或以 `/workspace/` 开头的值 |
+| 相对路径/自由文本 | 一律不动（只匹配 `/workspace` 前缀，天然不误翻） |
+
+## 组件
+
+### `src/path-translation.ts`（新增，单一职责，纯函数可测）
+
+```ts
+import { resolve as resolvePath } from "node:path";
+import { CONTAINER_ROOT } from "./paths";
+
+export const SANDBOX_ROUTED_TOOLS = new Set(["bash", "read", "write", "edit"]);
+
+// /workspace → hostCwd；/workspace/xxx → hostCwd/xxx；其余原样返回
+export function workspacePathToHost(path: string, hostCwd: string): string {
+	if (path === CONTAINER_ROOT) return hostCwd;
+	if (path.startsWith(`${CONTAINER_ROOT}/`)) {
+		return resolvePath(hostCwd, path.slice(CONTAINER_ROOT.length + 1));
+	}
+	return path;
+}
+
+// 递归遍历 input，原地把字符串值中的 /workspace 路径替换为宿主机路径
+export function translateToolCallPaths(input: unknown, hostCwd: string): void {
+	if (Array.isArray(input)) {
+		for (let i = 0; i < input.length; i++) {
+			const v = input[i];
+			if (typeof v === "string") input[i] = workspacePathToHost(v, hostCwd);
+			else translateToolCallPaths(v, hostCwd);
+		}
+		return;
+	}
+	if (input && typeof input === "object") {
+		for (const key of Object.keys(input)) {
+			const v = (input as Record<string, unknown>)[key];
+			if (typeof v === "string") (input as Record<string, unknown>)[key] = workspacePathToHost(v, hostCwd);
+			else translateToolCallPaths(v, hostCwd);
+		}
+	}
+}
+```
+
+说明：字符串是叶子，直接写回父槽位（数组下标或对象键）；number/boolean/null 等原始值 no-op。
+
+### `index.ts`（改）
+
+```ts
+import { SANDBOX_ROUTED_TOOLS, translateToolCallPaths } from "./src/path-translation";
+
+// 在 registerTool 之后新增：
+pi.on("tool_call", (event) => {
+	const sbx = getSbx();
+	if (!sbx) return;
+	if (SANDBOX_ROUTED_TOOLS.has(event.toolName)) return;
+	translateToolCallPaths(event.input, sbx.hostCwd);
+});
+```
+
+## 数据流
+
+```
+agent 调 describe_image(image_path="/workspace/foo.png")
+  │
+  ▼ tool_call（sandbox handler）
+  │   非路由工具 → translateToolCallPaths(input, hostCwd)
+  │   image_path: "/workspace/foo.png" → "/home/user/proj/foo.png"
+  ▼
+pi-vision-tools execute() 拿到翻译后的 image_path → readFile 成功
+```
+
+`read`/`write`/`edit`/`bash` 被跳过（内部已翻译）；`find`/`grep`/`ls` 与所有第三方工具自动受益。
+
+## 错误处理与边界
+
+- `workspacePathToHost` 只对 `/workspace` 前缀做纯字符串替换，永不抛错。
+- `translateToolCallPaths` 对 null / undefined / number / boolean 等非对象输入 no-op。
+- 已知局限：若第三方工具自身是「容器感知」并期望收到容器路径，会被误翻 —— 此类工具应走
+  协作式共享函数（方案 C，本次不做）。
+
+## 测试
+
+`tests/paths.test.ts`（或新增 `tests/path-translation.test.ts`）覆盖：
+
+1. `workspacePathToHost`：
+   - `/workspace` → hostCwd
+   - `/workspace/foo.png` → hostCwd/foo.png
+   - `/workspace/a/b/c` → hostCwd/a/b/c
+   - 相对路径 `foo.png`、宿主绝对路径 `/home/x/a.png`、自由文本 `describe /workspace/foo` 原样返回
+2. `translateToolCallPaths`：
+   - 顶层字符串字段翻译
+   - 嵌套对象、数组内字符串翻译
+   - 相对路径 / 自由文本 / 非对象值不动
+   - null / undefined / number 输入 no-op 不抛错
+3. 跳过逻辑：`SANDBOX_ROUTED_TOOLS` 包含 `bash`/`read`/`write`/`edit`（可选，直接断言 Set 内容）
+
+## 变更文件
+
+| 文件 | 变更 |
+|------|------|
+| `src/path-translation.ts` | 新增：`workspacePathToHost`、`translateToolCallPaths`、`SANDBOX_ROUTED_TOOLS` |
+| `index.ts` | 新增 `tool_call` 订阅 |
+| `tests/path-translation.test.ts` | 新增单测 |
+
+## 不变的部分
+
+- `paths.ts` 的 `hostToContainer` / `containerToHost` / `isContainerPath` 等均不改。
+- `read`/`write`/`edit`/`bash` 的工具路由逻辑不变。
+- `/skills` 与用户 mount 的翻译行为不变（本方案不触及）。
+- 配置结构（`sandbox.json`）不变。
diff --git a/pi-container-sandbox/index.ts b/pi-container-sandbox/index.ts
index a6d7691..30f0312 100644
--- a/pi-container-sandbox/index.ts
+++ b/pi-container-sandbox/index.ts
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import {
 } from "./src/paths";
 import { createRuntime, deriveContainerName, type MountSpec } from "./src/runtime";
 import { clearSbx, getSbx, type SbxSession, setSbx } from "./src/session";
+import { translateHostToolCall } from "./src/path-translation";
 import { fixSkillLocations, parseAvailableSkills, skillsToMountSpecs } from "./src/skills";
 
 export default function (pi: ExtensionAPI) {
@@ -127,6 +128,12 @@ export default function (pi: ExtensionAPI) {
 		},
 	});
 
+	pi.on("tool_call", (event) => {
+		const sbx = getSbx();
+		if (!sbx) return;
+		translateHostToolCall(event, sbx.hostCwd);
+	});
+
 	pi.on("user_bash", () => {
 		const sbx = getSbx();
 		if (!sbx) return;
diff --git a/pi-container-sandbox/src/path-translation.ts b/pi-container-sandbox/src/path-translation.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b542b17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pi-container-sandbox/src/path-translation.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+import { resolve as resolvePath } from "node:path";
+import { CONTAINER_ROOT } from "./paths";
+
+/**
+ * Tools the sandbox routes into the container itself. Their inputs are already
+ * translated (hostToContainer) by the tool ops, so they must NOT be rewritten here.
+ */
+export const SANDBOX_ROUTED_TOOLS: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set(["bash", "read", "write", "edit"]);
+
+/**
+ * Maps a `/workspace` container path back to the host path it points to:
+ *   /workspace     → hostCwd
+ *   /workspace/a/b → hostCwd/a/b
+ *   /workspace/../x escaping hostCwd → unchanged (traversal guard)
+ *   anything else  → unchanged (relative paths, host absolute paths, free text, /skills, user mounts)
+ */
+export function workspacePathToHost(path: string, hostCwd: string): string {
+	if (path === CONTAINER_ROOT) return hostCwd;
+	if (path.startsWith(`${CONTAINER_ROOT}/`)) {
+		const resolved = resolvePath(hostCwd, path.slice(CONTAINER_ROOT.length + 1));
+		if (resolved !== hostCwd && !resolved.startsWith(`${hostCwd}/`)) {
+			return path;
+		}
+		return resolved;
+	}
+	return path;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Recursively walks a tool input and rewrites, in place, any string value that is a
+ * `/workspace` container path to its host equivalent. Non-object/non-array inputs are
+ * left untouched (tool inputs are always objects, so a bare top-level string is not a
+ * real case and is intentionally not translated).
+ */
+export function translateToolCallPaths(input: unknown, hostCwd: string): void {
+	if (Array.isArray(input)) {
+		for (let i = 0; i < input.length; i++) {
+			const value = input[i];
+			if (typeof value === "string") input[i] = workspacePathToHost(value, hostCwd);
+			else translateToolCallPaths(value, hostCwd);
+		}
+		return;
+	}
+	if (input !== null && typeof input === "object") {
+		for (const key of Object.keys(input as Record<string, unknown>)) {
+			const value = (input as Record<string, unknown>)[key];
+			if (typeof value === "string") {
+				(input as Record<string, unknown>)[key] = workspacePathToHost(value, hostCwd);
+			} else {
+				translateToolCallPaths(value, hostCwd);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+export interface ToolCallEventLike {
+	toolName: string;
+	input: unknown;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Entry point used by the `tool_call` handler: translate a host-running tool's input,
+ * skipping tools the sandbox routes into the container itself.
+ */
+export function translateHostToolCall(event: ToolCallEventLike, hostCwd: string): void {
+	if (SANDBOX_ROUTED_TOOLS.has(event.toolName)) return;
+	translateToolCallPaths(event.input, hostCwd);
+}
diff --git a/pi-container-sandbox/tests/config.test.ts b/pi-container-sandbox/tests/config.test.ts
index e5e4964..06c3275 100644
--- a/pi-container-sandbox/tests/config.test.ts
+++ b/pi-container-sandbox/tests/config.test.ts
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ describe("detectEngine", () => {
 	it("detects at least one runtime via resolveEngine(auto)", () => {
 		const engine = resolveEngine("auto");
 		expect(["docker", "podman"]).toContain(engine);
-	});
+	}, 30_000);
 });
 
 describe("resolveEngine", () => {
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ describe("resolveEngine", () => {
 
 	it("throws when engine=podman but podman not available", () => {
 		expect(["docker", "podman"]).toContain(resolveEngine("auto"));
-	});
+	}, 30_000);
 });
 
 describe("new runtime fields", () => {
diff --git a/pi-container-sandbox/tests/path-translation.test.ts b/pi-container-sandbox/tests/path-translation.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b643c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pi-container-sandbox/tests/path-translation.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import {
+	SANDBOX_ROUTED_TOOLS,
+	translateHostToolCall,
+	translateToolCallPaths,
+	workspacePathToHost,
+} from "../src/path-translation";
+
+const HOST_CWD = "/home/user/proj";
+
+describe("workspacePathToHost", () => {
+	it("maps /workspace to hostCwd", () => {
+		expect(workspacePathToHost("/workspace", HOST_CWD)).toBe(HOST_CWD);
+	});
+	it("maps /workspace/foo.png to hostCwd/foo.png", () => {
+		expect(workspacePathToHost("/workspace/foo.png", HOST_CWD)).toBe("/home/user/proj/foo.png");
+	});
+	it("maps nested /workspace paths", () => {
+		expect(workspacePathToHost("/workspace/a/b/c.txt", HOST_CWD)).toBe("/home/user/proj/a/b/c.txt");
+	});
+	it("leaves relative paths unchanged", () => {
+		expect(workspacePathToHost("foo.png", HOST_CWD)).toBe("foo.png");
+		expect(workspacePathToHost("./src/a.ts", HOST_CWD)).toBe("./src/a.ts");
+	});
+	it("leaves host absolute paths unchanged", () => {
+		expect(workspacePathToHost("/home/user/proj/foo.png", HOST_CWD)).toBe("/home/user/proj/foo.png");
+	});
+	it("leaves free text unchanged (no prefix match)", () => {
+		expect(workspacePathToHost("describe /workspace/foo", HOST_CWD)).toBe("describe /workspace/foo");
+	});
+	it("leaves /skills unchanged (scope is /workspace only)", () => {
+		expect(workspacePathToHost("/skills/foo/SKILL.md", HOST_CWD)).toBe("/skills/foo/SKILL.md");
+	});
+	it("refuses /workspace traversal that escapes hostCwd", () => {
+		expect(workspacePathToHost("/workspace/../etc/passwd", HOST_CWD)).toBe("/workspace/../etc/passwd");
+	});
+});
+
+describe("translateToolCallPaths", () => {
+	it("translates a top-level string field", () => {
+		const input = { image_path: "/workspace/foo.png" };
+		translateToolCallPaths(input, HOST_CWD);
+		expect(input.image_path).toBe("/home/user/proj/foo.png");
+	});
+	it("translates nested objects and arrays", () => {
+		const input = { files: [{ path: "/workspace/a.png" }, "/workspace/b.png"] };
+		translateToolCallPaths(input, HOST_CWD);
+		expect(input.files[0]).toMatchObject({ path: "/home/user/proj/a.png" });
+		expect(input.files[1]).toBe("/home/user/proj/b.png");
+	});
+	it("leaves relative paths and free text untouched", () => {
+		const input = { prompt: "look at /workspace/x.png", path: "rel.png" };
+		translateToolCallPaths(input, HOST_CWD);
+		expect(input.prompt).toBe("look at /workspace/x.png");
+		expect(input.path).toBe("rel.png");
+	});
+	it("no-ops on non-object inputs without throwing", () => {
+		expect(() => translateToolCallPaths(null, HOST_CWD)).not.toThrow();
+		expect(() => translateToolCallPaths(42, HOST_CWD)).not.toThrow();
+		expect(() => translateToolCallPaths("just a string", HOST_CWD)).not.toThrow();
+	});
+});
+
+describe("translateHostToolCall", () => {
+	it("translates paths for non-sandboxed tools", () => {
+		const event = { toolName: "describe_image", input: { image_path: "/workspace/foo.png" } };
+		translateHostToolCall(event, HOST_CWD);
+		expect(event.input.image_path).toBe("/home/user/proj/foo.png");
+	});
+	it("skips sandbox-routed tools", () => {
+		for (const name of ["bash", "read", "write", "edit"]) {
+			const event = { toolName: name, input: { path: "/workspace/foo.png" } };
+			translateHostToolCall(event, HOST_CWD);
+			expect(event.input.path).toBe("/workspace/foo.png");
+		}
+	});
+});
+
+describe("SANDBOX_ROUTED_TOOLS", () => {
+	it("contains exactly bash/read/write/edit", () => {
+		expect([...SANDBOX_ROUTED_TOOLS].sort()).toEqual(["bash", "edit", "read", "write"]);
+	});
+});