diff --git a/src/triage/failure.ts b/src/triage/failure.ts
index bff55da..4ef6125 100644
--- a/src/triage/failure.ts
+++ b/src/triage/failure.ts
@@ -10,6 +10,42 @@ import type { IssueDetails } from '../github/issues.ts';
 export const MAX_TRIAGE_FAILURES = 3;
 export const TRIAGE_FAILURE_MARKER = '<!-- factory:triage-failed -->';
 
+/**
+ * Render an error before it crosses a Workflow step boundary. Cloudflare
+ * serializes step failures down to a name and message, so an Error.cause left
+ * attached to AgentRunError would otherwise disappear before triage records
+ * the failure on GitHub.
+ */
+export function formatErrorWithCauses(error: unknown): string {
+	const parts: string[] = [];
+	const seen = new Set<unknown>();
+	let current: unknown = error;
+
+	while (current !== undefined && current !== null && !seen.has(current)) {
+		seen.add(current);
+		if (current instanceof Error) {
+			parts.push(`${current.name}: ${current.message}`);
+			current = current.cause;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (typeof current === 'object') {
+			const record = current as Record<string, unknown>;
+			const name = typeof record.name === 'string' ? record.name : 'Error';
+			const message =
+				typeof record.message === 'string'
+					? record.message
+					: JSON.stringify(record);
+			parts.push(`${name}: ${message}`);
+			current = record.cause;
+			continue;
+		}
+		parts.push(String(current));
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return parts.join('\nCaused by: ');
+}
+
 export function countTriageFailures(issue: IssueDetails): number {
 	return issue.comments.filter(
 		(comment) =>
diff --git a/src/triage/workflow.ts b/src/triage/workflow.ts
index 37ee0df..63da8ad 100644
--- a/src/triage/workflow.ts
+++ b/src/triage/workflow.ts
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ import {
 import { defaultTriageSkill } from './default-skill.ts';
 import {
 	countTriageFailures,
+	formatErrorWithCauses,
 	formatFailureComment,
 	MAX_TRIAGE_FAILURES,
 } from './failure.ts';
@@ -349,7 +350,7 @@ export class TriageWorkflow extends WorkflowEntrypoint<
 				progressComment,
 			);
 		} catch (error) {
-			const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
+			const message = formatErrorWithCauses(error);
 			await step.do('record triage failure', STEP_RETRIES, async () => {
 				const api = await client();
 				const attempt = Math.min(issue.failureCount + 1, MAX_TRIAGE_FAILURES);
@@ -1624,13 +1625,23 @@ async function runPipelineStep<S extends v.GenericSchema>(
 			timeout: readTimeout,
 		},
 		async () => {
-			const reply = await agent.read(receipt);
-			// Step results must be JSON-serializable; every pipeline schema is a
-			// plain object, so the cast is safe.
-			return extractLastWrite(channel, reply.data, schema) as unknown as Record<
-				string,
-				string
-			>;
+			try {
+				const reply = await agent.read(receipt);
+				// Step results must be JSON-serializable; every pipeline schema is a
+				// plain object, so the cast is safe.
+				return extractLastWrite(
+					channel,
+					reply.data,
+					schema,
+				) as unknown as Record<string, string>;
+			} catch (error) {
+				// Preserve Flue's settlement cause in the message before Workflows
+				// serializes the failed attempt and drops Error.cause.
+				throw new Error(
+					`Pipeline stage "${name}" failed (submission ${receipt.submissionId}).\n${formatErrorWithCauses(error)}`,
+					{ cause: error },
+				);
+			}
 		},
 	);
 	return value as unknown as v.InferOutput<S>;
diff --git a/tests/triage-failure.test.ts b/tests/triage-failure.test.ts
index d7226e4..5343c6e 100644
--- a/tests/triage-failure.test.ts
+++ b/tests/triage-failure.test.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
 import type { IssueDetails } from '../src/github/issues.ts';
 import {
 	countTriageFailures,
+	formatErrorWithCauses,
 	formatFailureComment,
 	MAX_TRIAGE_FAILURES,
 	TRIAGE_FAILURE_MARKER,
@@ -51,6 +52,25 @@ describe('triage failure bookkeeping', () => {
 		).toBe(0);
 	});
 
+	it('preserves nested error causes in a readable message', () => {
+		const settlement = {
+			name: 'SubmissionTimeoutError',
+			message: 'The agent exceeded its 45-minute deadline.',
+		};
+		const run = new Error('Agent run failed.', { cause: settlement });
+		run.name = 'AgentRunError';
+
+		expect(formatErrorWithCauses(run)).toBe(
+			'AgentRunError: Agent run failed.\nCaused by: SubmissionTimeoutError: The agent exceeded its 45-minute deadline.',
+		);
+	});
+
+	it('formats non-Error failures', () => {
+		expect(formatErrorWithCauses('sandbox disconnected')).toBe(
+			'sandbox disconnected',
+		);
+	});
+
 	it('embeds the marker and the retry policy in failure comments', () => {
 		const retryable = formatFailureComment('boom', 1);
 		expect(retryable).toContain(TRIAGE_FAILURE_MARKER);