diff --git a/src/tempo/server/Charge.test.ts b/src/tempo/server/Charge.test.ts
index 1d3cc2ec..e1426e12 100644
--- a/src/tempo/server/Charge.test.ts
+++ b/src/tempo/server/Charge.test.ts
@@ -1995,6 +1995,268 @@ describe('tempo', () => {
       httpServer.close()
     })
 
+    test('behavior: proof credential remains reusable until expiry without store', async () => {
+      const httpServer = await Http.createServer(async (req, res) => {
+        const result = await Mppx_server.toNodeListener(
+          server.charge({ amount: '0', decimals: 6 }),
+        )(req, res)
+        if (result.status === 402) return
+        res.end('OK')
+      })
+
+      const response1 = await fetch(httpServer.url)
+      expect(response1.status).toBe(402)
+
+      const challenge = Challenge.fromResponse(response1, {
+        methods: [tempo_client.charge()],
+      })
+
+      const signature = await signTypedData(client, {
+        account: accounts[1],
+        domain: Proof.domain(chain.id),
+        types: Proof.types,
+        primaryType: 'Proof',
+        message: Proof.message(challenge.id),
+      })
+
+      const credential = Credential.from({
+        challenge,
+        payload: { signature, type: 'proof' as const },
+        source: `did:pkh:eip155:${chain.id}:${accounts[1].address}`,
+      })
+
+      const response2 = await fetch(httpServer.url, {
+        headers: { Authorization: Credential.serialize(credential) },
+      })
+      expect(response2.status).toBe(200)
+
+      const replayResponse = await fetch(httpServer.url, {
+        headers: { Authorization: Credential.serialize(credential) },
+      })
+      expect(replayResponse.status).toBe(200)
+
+      httpServer.close()
+    })
+
+    test('behavior: rejects replayed proof credential when store is configured', async () => {
+      const replayStore = Store.memory()
+      const server_ = Mppx_server.create({
+        methods: [
+          tempo_server.charge({
+            getClient() {
+              return client
+            },
+            currency: asset,
+            account: accounts[0],
+            store: replayStore,
+          }),
+        ],
+        realm,
+        secretKey,
+      })
+
+      const httpServer = await Http.createServer(async (req, res) => {
+        const result = await Mppx_server.toNodeListener(
+          server_.charge({ amount: '0', decimals: 6 }),
+        )(req, res)
+        if (result.status === 402) return
+        res.end('OK')
+      })
+
+      const response1 = await fetch(httpServer.url)
+      expect(response1.status).toBe(402)
+
+      const challenge = Challenge.fromResponse(response1, {
+        methods: [tempo_client.charge()],
+      })
+
+      const signature = await signTypedData(client, {
+        account: accounts[1],
+        domain: Proof.domain(chain.id),
+        types: Proof.types,
+        primaryType: 'Proof',
+        message: Proof.message(challenge.id),
+      })
+
+      const credential = Credential.from({
+        challenge,
+        payload: { signature, type: 'proof' as const },
+        source: `did:pkh:eip155:${chain.id}:${accounts[1].address}`,
+      })
+
+      const response2 = await fetch(httpServer.url, {
+        headers: { Authorization: Credential.serialize(credential) },
+      })
+      expect(response2.status).toBe(200)
+
+      const replayResponse = await fetch(httpServer.url, {
+        headers: { Authorization: Credential.serialize(credential) },
+      })
+      expect(replayResponse.status).toBe(402)
+      const replayBody = (await replayResponse.json()) as { detail: string }
+      expect(replayBody.detail).toContain('Proof credential has already been used.')
+
+      httpServer.close()
+    })
+
+    test('behavior: shared store rejects proof replay across server instances', async () => {
+      const replayStore = Store.memory()
+      const serverA = Mppx_server.create({
+        methods: [
+          tempo_server.charge({
+            getClient() {
+              return client
+            },
+            currency: asset,
+            account: accounts[0],
+            store: replayStore,
+          }),
+        ],
+        realm,
+        secretKey,
+      })
+      const serverB = Mppx_server.create({
+        methods: [
+          tempo_server.charge({
+            getClient() {
+              return client
+            },
+            currency: asset,
+            account: accounts[0],
+            store: replayStore,
+          }),
+        ],
+        realm,
+        secretKey,
+      })
+
+      const httpServer = await Http.createServer(async (req, res) => {
+        const route = new URL(req.url!, 'https://example.com').pathname
+        const handler = route === '/a' ? serverA : serverB
+        const result = await Mppx_server.toNodeListener(
+          handler.charge({ amount: '0', decimals: 6 }),
+        )(req, res)
+        if (result.status === 402) return
+        res.end('OK')
+      })
+
+      const response1 = await fetch(`${httpServer.url}/a`)
+      expect(response1.status).toBe(402)
+
+      const challenge = Challenge.fromResponse(response1, {
+        methods: [tempo_client.charge()],
+      })
+
+      const signature = await signTypedData(client, {
+        account: accounts[1],
+        domain: Proof.domain(chain.id),
+        types: Proof.types,
+        primaryType: 'Proof',
+        message: Proof.message(challenge.id),
+      })
+
+      const credential = Credential.from({
+        challenge,
+        payload: { signature, type: 'proof' as const },
+        source: `did:pkh:eip155:${chain.id}:${accounts[1].address}`,
+      })
+
+      const response2 = await fetch(`${httpServer.url}/a`, {
+        headers: { Authorization: Credential.serialize(credential) },
+      })
+      expect(response2.status).toBe(200)
+
+      const replayResponse = await fetch(`${httpServer.url}/b`, {
+        headers: { Authorization: Credential.serialize(credential) },
+      })
+      expect(replayResponse.status).toBe(402)
+      const replayBody = (await replayResponse.json()) as { detail: string }
+      expect(replayBody.detail).toContain('Proof credential has already been used.')
+
+      httpServer.close()
+    })
+
+    test('behavior: store keys proof replay protection by challenge ID', async () => {
+      const replayStore = Store.memory()
+      const server_ = Mppx_server.create({
+        methods: [
+          tempo_server.charge({
+            getClient() {
+              return client
+            },
+            currency: asset,
+            account: accounts[0],
+            store: replayStore,
+          }),
+        ],
+        realm,
+        secretKey,
+      })
+
+      const httpServer = await Http.createServer(async (req, res) => {
+        const result = await Mppx_server.toNodeListener(
+          server_.charge({ amount: '0', decimals: 6 }),
+        )(req, res)
+        if (result.status === 402) return
+        res.end('OK')
+      })
+
+      const response1 = await fetch(httpServer.url)
+      expect(response1.status).toBe(402)
+
+      const challenge1 = Challenge.fromResponse(response1, {
+        methods: [tempo_client.charge()],
+      })
+
+      const signature1 = await signTypedData(client, {
+        account: accounts[1],
+        domain: Proof.domain(chain.id),
+        types: Proof.types,
+        primaryType: 'Proof',
+        message: Proof.message(challenge1.id),
+      })
+
+      const credential1 = Credential.from({
+        challenge: challenge1,
+        payload: { signature: signature1, type: 'proof' as const },
+        source: `did:pkh:eip155:${chain.id}:${accounts[1].address}`,
+      })
+
+      const response2 = await fetch(httpServer.url, {
+        headers: { Authorization: Credential.serialize(credential1) },
+      })
+      expect(response2.status).toBe(200)
+
+      const response3 = await fetch(httpServer.url)
+      expect(response3.status).toBe(402)
+
+      const challenge2 = Challenge.fromResponse(response3, {
+        methods: [tempo_client.charge()],
+      })
+      expect(challenge2.id).not.toBe(challenge1.id)
+
+      const signature2 = await signTypedData(client, {
+        account: accounts[1],
+        domain: Proof.domain(chain.id),
+        types: Proof.types,
+        primaryType: 'Proof',
+        message: Proof.message(challenge2.id),
+      })
+
+      const credential2 = Credential.from({
+        challenge: challenge2,
+        payload: { signature: signature2, type: 'proof' as const },
+        source: `did:pkh:eip155:${chain.id}:${accounts[1].address}`,
+      })
+
+      const response4 = await fetch(httpServer.url, {
+        headers: { Authorization: Credential.serialize(credential2) },
+      })
+      expect(response4.status).toBe(200)
+
+      httpServer.close()
+    })
+
     test('behavior: rejects proof with wrong signer', async () => {
       const httpServer = await Http.createServer(async (req, res) => {
         const result = await Mppx_server.toNodeListener(
diff --git a/src/tempo/server/Charge.ts b/src/tempo/server/Charge.ts
index ecf44f37..f40acc35 100644
--- a/src/tempo/server/Charge.ts
+++ b/src/tempo/server/Charge.ts
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ export function charge<const parameters extends charge.Parameters>(
     waitForConfirmation = true,
   } = parameters
   const store = (parameters.store ?? Store.memory()) as Store.Store<charge.StoreItemMap>
+  const proofStore = parameters.store as Store.Store<charge.StoreItemMap> | undefined
 
   const { recipient, feePayer, feePayerUrl } = Account.resolve(parameters)
 
@@ -172,6 +173,11 @@ export function charge<const parameters extends charge.Parameters>(
           })
           if (!valid) throw new MismatchError('Proof signature does not match source.', {})
 
+          if (proofStore) {
+            await assertProofUnused(proofStore, challenge.id)
+            await markProofUsed(proofStore, challenge.id)
+          }
+
           return {
             method: 'tempo',
             status: 'success',
@@ -285,10 +291,15 @@ export declare namespace charge {
     /** Testnet mode. */
     testnet?: boolean | undefined
     /**
-     * Store for transaction hash replay protection.
+     * Store for charge replay protection.
      *
-     * Use a shared store in multi-instance deployments so consumed hashes are
-     * visible across all server instances.
+     * Non-zero charge flows default to an in-memory store if omitted. For
+     * zero-dollar proof auth, replay prevention is enabled only when a store
+     * is explicitly provided; otherwise proofs remain reusable until the
+     * challenge expires.
+     *
+     * Use a shared store in multi-instance deployments so consumed hashes and
+     * proofs are visible across all server instances.
      */
     store?: Store.Store | undefined
     /**
@@ -504,6 +515,11 @@ function getHashStoreKey(hash: `0x${string}`): `mppx:charge:${string}` {
   return `mppx:charge:${hash.toLowerCase()}`
 }
 
+/** @internal */
+function getProofStoreKey(challengeId: string): `mppx:charge:${string}` {
+  return `mppx:charge:proof:${challengeId}`
+}
+
 /** @internal */
 async function assertHashUnused(
   store: Store.Store<charge.StoreItemMap>,
@@ -521,6 +537,23 @@ async function markHashUsed(
   await store.put(getHashStoreKey(hash), Date.now())
 }
 
+/** @internal */
+async function assertProofUnused(
+  store: Store.Store<charge.StoreItemMap>,
+  challengeId: string,
+): Promise<void> {
+  const seen = await store.get(getProofStoreKey(challengeId))
+  if (seen !== null) throw new Error('Proof credential has already been used.')
+}
+
+/** @internal */
+async function markProofUsed(
+  store: Store.Store<charge.StoreItemMap>,
+  challengeId: string,
+): Promise<void> {
+  await store.put(getProofStoreKey(challengeId), Date.now())
+}
+
 /** @internal */
 function toReceipt(receipt: TransactionReceipt) {
   const { status, transactionHash } = receipt