diff --git a/export/index.template.html b/export/index.template.html
index e9d2324..32d078e 100644
--- a/export/index.template.html
+++ b/export/index.template.html
@@ -75,6 +75,83 @@
       .hidden {
         display: none;
       }
+      #passphrase-form-div {
+        text-align: center;
+        max-width: 500px;
+      }
+      #passphrase-form-div p {
+        font-size: 0.9em;
+        margin-bottom: 1.5em;
+      }
+      #passphrase-form-div label {
+        display: block;
+        text-align: left;
+        width: auto;
+        word-wrap: none;
+        margin: 0.5em 0 0.25em 0;
+      }
+      #passphrase-form-div input[type="password"] {
+        width: 100%;
+        padding: 0.5em 0;
+        font-size: 1em;
+        border: none;
+        border-bottom: 1px solid #666;
+        box-sizing: border-box;
+        margin-bottom: 0.5em;
+        background-color: transparent;
+        outline: none;
+      }
+      #encrypt-and-export {
+        color: white;
+        width: 100%;
+        font-size: 1em;
+        padding: 0.75em;
+        margin-top: 1em;
+        border-radius: 8px;
+        background-color: rgb(50, 44, 44);
+        border: 1px rgb(33, 33, 33) solid;
+        cursor: pointer;
+      }
+      #encrypt-and-export:hover {
+        background-color: rgb(70, 64, 64);
+      }
+      #passphrase-error {
+        color: #c0392b;
+        font-size: 0.9em;
+        margin-bottom: 0.5em;
+        text-align: left;
+      }
+      #passphrase-strength {
+        margin-top: 0.5em;
+        text-align: left;
+      }
+      #passphrase-strength-bar {
+        height: 6px;
+        border-radius: 3px;
+        background-color: #e0e0e0;
+        overflow: hidden;
+        margin-bottom: 0.3em;
+      }
+      #passphrase-strength-fill {
+        height: 100%;
+        width: 0%;
+        transition: width 0.3s ease, background-color 0.3s ease;
+      }
+      #passphrase-strength-text {
+        font-size: 0.8em;
+      }
+      .strength-weak {
+        background-color: #e74c3c;
+      }
+      .strength-fair {
+        background-color: #f39c12;
+      }
+      .strength-good {
+        background-color: #3498db;
+      }
+      .strength-strong {
+        background-color: #27ae60;
+      }
     </style>
   </head>
 
@@ -162,6 +239,37 @@ <h2>Message log</h2>
     </p>
     <div id="message-log"></div>
     <div id="key-div"></div>
+    <div id="passphrase-form-div" class="hidden">
+      <p id="passphrase-description">
+        Enter a passphrase to encrypt your export before displaying it.
+      </p>
+      <label for="export-passphrase">Passphrase</label>
+      <input
+        type="password"
+        id="export-passphrase"
+        placeholder="Enter passphrase (min 8 characters)"
+        aria-required="true"
+        autocomplete="new-password"
+        minlength="8"
+      />
+      <div id="passphrase-strength">
+        <div id="passphrase-strength-bar">
+          <div id="passphrase-strength-fill"></div>
+        </div>
+        <span id="passphrase-strength-text"></span>
+      </div>
+      <br />
+      <label for="export-passphrase-confirm">Confirm Passphrase</label>
+      <input
+        type="password"
+        id="export-passphrase-confirm"
+        placeholder="Confirm passphrase"
+        aria-required="true"
+        autocomplete="new-password"
+      />
+      <p id="passphrase-error" class="hidden"></p>
+      <button type="button" id="encrypt-and-export">Encrypt & Export</button>
+    </div>
 
     <!-- Script containing ED25519 library -->
     <script src="noble-hashes.js"></script>
@@ -1191,6 +1299,106 @@ <h2>Message log</h2>
           return JSON.stringify(validSettings);
         }
 
+        /**
+         * Encrypts a Uint8Array using PBKDF2 key derivation and AES-GCM-256 encryption.
+         * @param {Uint8Array} buf - The data to encrypt
+         * @param {string} passphrase - The passphrase to derive the key from
+         * @returns {Promise<Uint8Array>} - Concatenated salt || iv || ciphertext
+         */
+        async function encryptWithPassphrase(buf, passphrase) {
+          // Generate random 16-byte salt and 12-byte IV
+          const salt = crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(16));
+          const iv = crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(12));
+
+          // Import passphrase as PBKDF2 key material.
+          // Normalize to NFC so the same visual passphrase always produces the
+          // same bytes regardless of OS/keyboard Unicode decomposition form.
+          const keyMaterial = await crypto.subtle.importKey(
+            "raw",
+            new TextEncoder().encode(passphrase.normalize("NFC")),
+            "PBKDF2",
+            false,
+            ["deriveBits", "deriveKey"]
+          );
+
+          // Derive AES-256 key using PBKDF2 (600,000 iterations, SHA-256).
+          // NOTE: The iteration count must match during decryption; changing it
+          // affects compatibility with data encrypted using a different value.
+          const aesKey = await crypto.subtle.deriveKey(
+            {
+              name: "PBKDF2",
+              salt: salt,
+              iterations: 600000,
+              hash: "SHA-256",
+            },
+            keyMaterial,
+            { name: "AES-GCM", length: 256 },
+            false,
+            ["encrypt"]
+          );
+
+          // Encrypt using AES-GCM
+          const ciphertext = await crypto.subtle.encrypt(
+            { name: "AES-GCM", iv: iv },
+            aesKey,
+            buf
+          );
+
+          // Return concatenated salt || iv || ciphertext
+          const result = new Uint8Array(
+            salt.length + iv.length + ciphertext.byteLength
+          );
+          result.set(salt, 0);
+          result.set(iv, salt.length);
+          result.set(new Uint8Array(ciphertext), salt.length + iv.length);
+          return result;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Decrypts a buffer encrypted by encryptWithPassphrase.
+         * @param {Uint8Array} encryptedBuf - The encrypted data (salt || iv || ciphertext)
+         * @param {string} passphrase - The passphrase to derive the key from
+         * @returns {Promise<Uint8Array>} - The decrypted data
+         */
+        async function decryptWithPassphrase(encryptedBuf, passphrase) {
+          // Extract salt (bytes 0-16), iv (bytes 16-28), ciphertext (bytes 28+)
+          const salt = encryptedBuf.slice(0, 16);
+          const iv = encryptedBuf.slice(16, 28);
+          const ciphertext = encryptedBuf.slice(28);
+
+          // Import passphrase as PBKDF2 key material (NFC-normalized, matching encryptWithPassphrase).
+          const keyMaterial = await crypto.subtle.importKey(
+            "raw",
+            new TextEncoder().encode(passphrase.normalize("NFC")),
+            "PBKDF2",
+            false,
+            ["deriveBits", "deriveKey"]
+          );
+
+          // Derive same AES key using PBKDF2
+          const aesKey = await crypto.subtle.deriveKey(
+            {
+              name: "PBKDF2",
+              salt: salt,
+              iterations: 600000,
+              hash: "SHA-256",
+            },
+            keyMaterial,
+            { name: "AES-GCM", length: 256 },
+            false,
+            ["decrypt"]
+          );
+
+          // Decrypt using AES-GCM
+          const decrypted = await crypto.subtle.decrypt(
+            { name: "AES-GCM", iv: iv },
+            aesKey,
+            ciphertext
+          );
+
+          return new Uint8Array(decrypted);
+        }
+
         return {
           initEmbeddedKey,
           generateTargetKey,
@@ -1221,6 +1429,7 @@ <h2>Message log</h2>
           validateStyles,
           getSettings,
           setSettings,
+          encryptWithPassphrase,
         };
       })();
     </script>
@@ -1235,6 +1444,16 @@ <h2>Message log</h2>
       // controllers to remove event listeners
       const messageListenerController = new AbortController();
       const turnkeyInitController = new AbortController();
+      const passphraseTextEncoder = new TextEncoder();
+
+      /**
+       * Holds decrypted plaintext bytes while waiting for passphrase encryption.
+       * We keep this data in mutable Uint8Array buffers so we can wipe it.
+       */
+      const pendingPassphraseExport = {
+        plaintextBytes: null,
+        requestId: null,
+      };
 
       /**
        * DOM Event handlers to power the export flow in standalone mode
@@ -1285,14 +1504,21 @@ <h2>Message log</h2>
       var messageEventListener = async function (event) {
         if (event.data && event.data["type"] == "INJECT_KEY_EXPORT_BUNDLE") {
           TKHQ.logMessage(
-            `⬇️ Received message ${event.data["type"]}: ${event.data["value"]}, ${event.data["keyFormat"]}, ${event.data["organizationId"]}`
+            `⬇️ Received message ${event.data["type"]}: ${
+              event.data["value"]
+            }, ${event.data["keyFormat"]}, ${
+              event.data["organizationId"]
+            }, encryptToPassphrase=${Boolean(
+              event.data["encryptToPassphrase"]
+            )}`
           );
           try {
             await onInjectKeyBundle(
               event.data["value"],
               event.data["keyFormat"],
               event.data["organizationId"],
-              event.data["requestId"]
+              event.data["requestId"],
+              Boolean(event.data["encryptToPassphrase"])
             );
           } catch (e) {
             TKHQ.sendMessageUp("ERROR", e.toString(), event.data["requestId"]);
@@ -1300,18 +1526,31 @@ <h2>Message log</h2>
         }
         if (event.data && event.data["type"] == "INJECT_WALLET_EXPORT_BUNDLE") {
           TKHQ.logMessage(
-            `⬇️ Received message ${event.data["type"]}: ${event.data["value"]}, ${event.data["organizationId"]}`
+            `⬇️ Received message ${event.data["type"]}: ${
+              event.data["value"]
+            }, ${event.data["organizationId"]}, encryptToPassphrase=${Boolean(
+              event.data["encryptToPassphrase"]
+            )}`
           );
           try {
             await onInjectWalletBundle(
               event.data["value"],
               event.data["organizationId"],
-              event.data["requestId"]
+              event.data["requestId"],
+              Boolean(event.data["encryptToPassphrase"])
             );
           } catch (e) {
             TKHQ.sendMessageUp("ERROR", e.toString(), event.data["requestId"]);
           }
         }
+        if (event.data && event.data["type"] == "CONFIRM_PASSPHRASE_EXPORT") {
+          TKHQ.logMessage(`⬇️ Received message ${event.data["type"]}`);
+          try {
+            await onConfirmPassphraseExport(event.data["requestId"]);
+          } catch (e) {
+            TKHQ.sendMessageUp("ERROR", e.toString(), event.data["requestId"]);
+          }
+        }
         if (event.data && event.data["type"] == "APPLY_SETTINGS") {
           try {
             await onApplySettings(event.data["value"], event.data["requestId"]);
@@ -1349,6 +1588,7 @@ <h2>Message log</h2>
           });
 
           addDOMEventListeners();
+          initPassphraseFormHandlers();
 
           if (!messageListenerController.signal.aborted) {
             // If styles are saved in local storage, sanitize and apply them.
@@ -1407,6 +1647,9 @@ <h2>Message log</h2>
        * @param {string} key
        */
       function displayKey(key) {
+        hidePassphraseForm();
+        clearPendingPassphraseExport();
+
         Array.from(document.body.children).forEach((child) => {
           if (child.tagName !== "SCRIPT" && child.id !== "key-div") {
             child.style.display = "none";
@@ -1422,9 +1665,9 @@ <h2>Message log</h2>
           textAlign: "left",
         };
 
-        // Create a new div with the key material and append the new div to the body
         const keyDiv = document.getElementById("key-div");
         keyDiv.innerText = key;
+        keyDiv.style.display = "block";
         for (let styleKey in style) {
           keyDiv.style[styleKey] = style[styleKey];
         }
@@ -1432,6 +1675,338 @@ <h2>Message log</h2>
         TKHQ.applySettings(TKHQ.getSettings());
       }
 
+      function wipeUint8Array(buf) {
+        if (!buf) {
+          return;
+        }
+        for (let i = 0; i < buf.length; i++) {
+          buf[i] = 0;
+        }
+      }
+
+      function clearPendingPassphraseExport() {
+        wipeUint8Array(pendingPassphraseExport.plaintextBytes);
+        pendingPassphraseExport.plaintextBytes = null;
+        pendingPassphraseExport.requestId = null;
+      }
+
+      function getSettingsObject() {
+        const settings = TKHQ.getSettings();
+        if (!settings) {
+          return null;
+        }
+        return typeof settings === "string" ? JSON.parse(settings) : settings;
+      }
+
+      function applySettingsToPassphraseForm() {
+        const formDiv = document.getElementById("passphrase-form-div");
+        if (!formDiv) {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        const settingsObj = getSettingsObject();
+        if (!settingsObj || !settingsObj.styles) {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        Object.entries(settingsObj.styles).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+          formDiv.style[key] = value;
+        });
+      }
+
+      function setPassphraseError(message) {
+        const errorMsg = document.getElementById("passphrase-error");
+        if (!errorMsg) {
+          return;
+        }
+        errorMsg.innerText = message;
+        errorMsg.classList.remove("hidden");
+        errorMsg.style.display = "block";
+        errorMsg.style.color = "c0392b";
+      }
+
+      function clearPassphraseError() {
+        const errorMsg = document.getElementById("passphrase-error");
+        if (!errorMsg) {
+          return;
+        }
+        errorMsg.innerText = "";
+        errorMsg.classList.add("hidden");
+        errorMsg.style.display = "none";
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * Evaluate passphrase strength and return score (0-4) with feedback
+       * @param {string} passphrase
+       * @returns {{score: number, label: string, feedback: string}}
+       */
+      function evaluatePassphraseStrength(passphrase) {
+        if (!passphrase) {
+          return { score: 0, label: "", feedback: "" };
+        }
+
+        let score = 0;
+        const checks = {
+          length8: passphrase.length >= 8,
+          length12: passphrase.length >= 12,
+          length16: passphrase.length >= 16,
+          lowercase: /[a-z]/.test(passphrase),
+          uppercase: /[A-Z]/.test(passphrase),
+          numbers: /[0-9]/.test(passphrase),
+          special: /[^a-zA-Z0-9]/.test(passphrase),
+        };
+
+        // Base score from length
+        if (checks.length8) score += 1;
+        if (checks.length12) score += 1;
+        if (checks.length16) score += 1;
+
+        // Character variety
+        const varietyCount = [
+          checks.lowercase,
+          checks.uppercase,
+          checks.numbers,
+          checks.special,
+        ].filter(Boolean).length;
+        if (varietyCount >= 2) score += 1;
+        if (varietyCount >= 3) score += 1;
+        if (varietyCount >= 4) score += 1;
+
+        // Cap at 4
+        score = Math.min(score, 4);
+
+        // Determine label and feedback
+        let label, feedback;
+        if (score <= 1) {
+          label = "Weak";
+          feedback =
+            "Add more characters and mix letters, numbers, and symbols.";
+        } else if (score === 2) {
+          label = "Fair";
+          feedback = "Consider adding more length or character variety.";
+        } else if (score === 3) {
+          label = "Good";
+          feedback = "Good passphrase strength.";
+        } else {
+          label = "Strong";
+          feedback = "Excellent passphrase strength!";
+        }
+
+        return { score, label, feedback };
+      }
+
+      function updatePassphraseStrength(passphrase) {
+        const strengthFill = document.getElementById(
+          "passphrase-strength-fill"
+        );
+        const strengthText = document.getElementById(
+          "passphrase-strength-text"
+        );
+        if (!strengthFill || !strengthText) {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        const { score, label, feedback } =
+          evaluatePassphraseStrength(passphrase);
+        const strengthClasses = [
+          "strength-weak",
+          "strength-fair",
+          "strength-good",
+          "strength-strong",
+        ];
+
+        strengthFill.className = "";
+        if (score === 0) {
+          strengthFill.style.width = "0%";
+          strengthText.textContent = "";
+          return;
+        }
+
+        strengthFill.style.width = `${score * 25}%`;
+        strengthFill.classList.add(strengthClasses[Math.min(score - 1, 3)]);
+        strengthText.textContent = `${label} — ${feedback}`;
+      }
+
+      function hidePassphraseForm() {
+        const formDiv = document.getElementById("passphrase-form-div");
+        const passphraseInput = document.getElementById("export-passphrase");
+        const confirmInput = document.getElementById(
+          "export-passphrase-confirm"
+        );
+
+        if (!formDiv || !passphraseInput || !confirmInput) {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        passphraseInput.value = "";
+        confirmInput.value = "";
+        updatePassphraseStrength("");
+        clearPassphraseError();
+
+        formDiv.classList.add("hidden");
+        formDiv.style.display = "none";
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * Show the passphrase form for deferred client-triggered encryption.
+       * @param {Uint8Array} plaintextBytes
+       * @param {string} requestId
+       */
+      function displayPassphraseForm(plaintextBytes, requestId) {
+        const formDiv = document.getElementById("passphrase-form-div");
+        const description = document.getElementById("passphrase-description");
+        const passphraseInput = document.getElementById("export-passphrase");
+        if (!formDiv || !description || !passphraseInput) {
+          throw new Error("passphrase form is not available in the document");
+        }
+
+        const plaintextBuf =
+          plaintextBytes instanceof Uint8Array
+            ? new Uint8Array(plaintextBytes)
+            : new Uint8Array(plaintextBytes || []);
+        if (plaintextBuf.length === 0) {
+          throw new Error("cannot show passphrase form for empty plaintext");
+        }
+
+        hidePassphraseForm();
+        clearPendingPassphraseExport();
+        pendingPassphraseExport.plaintextBytes = plaintextBuf;
+        pendingPassphraseExport.requestId = requestId;
+
+        description.innerText =
+          "Enter a passphrase to encrypt your key material. You will need this passphrase to decrypt your wallet later.";
+
+        Array.from(document.body.children).forEach((child) => {
+          if (
+            child.tagName !== "SCRIPT" &&
+            child.id !== "passphrase-form-div"
+          ) {
+            child.style.display = "none";
+          }
+        });
+
+        formDiv.classList.remove("hidden");
+        formDiv.style.display = "block";
+        applySettingsToPassphraseForm();
+        passphraseInput.focus();
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * Called by the parent frame to confirm the user is done entering their passphrase.
+       * Validates the passphrase, encrypts the pending plaintext, and sends the
+       * base64-encoded encrypted bundle back to the parent via postMessage.
+       * @param {string} requestId
+       */
+      async function onConfirmPassphraseExport(requestId) {
+        const passphraseInput = document.getElementById("export-passphrase");
+        const confirmInput = document.getElementById(
+          "export-passphrase-confirm"
+        );
+        if (!passphraseInput || !confirmInput) {
+          throw new Error("passphrase form is not available in the document");
+        }
+
+        if (!pendingPassphraseExport.plaintextBytes) {
+          throw new Error("no pending export found for passphrase encryption");
+        }
+
+        const passphrase = passphraseInput.value;
+        const confirmPassphrase = confirmInput.value;
+        if (passphrase.length < 8) {
+          const errorMessage = "Passphrase must be at least 8 characters long.";
+          setPassphraseError(errorMessage);
+          throw new Error(errorMessage);
+        }
+        if (passphrase !== confirmPassphrase) {
+          const errorMessage = "Passphrases do not match.";
+          setPassphraseError(errorMessage);
+          throw new Error(errorMessage);
+        }
+
+        clearPassphraseError();
+
+        let plaintextCopy;
+        let encryptedBytes;
+        try {
+          plaintextCopy = new Uint8Array(
+            pendingPassphraseExport.plaintextBytes
+          );
+          encryptedBytes = await TKHQ.encryptWithPassphrase(
+            plaintextCopy,
+            passphrase
+          );
+          const encryptedBase64 = btoa(
+            Array.from(encryptedBytes, (b) => String.fromCharCode(b)).join("")
+          );
+
+          wipeUint8Array(plaintextCopy);
+          wipeUint8Array(encryptedBytes);
+          plaintextCopy = null;
+          encryptedBytes = null;
+
+          hidePassphraseForm();
+          clearPendingPassphraseExport();
+          TKHQ.sendMessageUp(
+            "PASSPHRASE_ENCRYPTED_BUNDLE",
+            encryptedBase64,
+            requestId
+          );
+        } catch (e) {
+          wipeUint8Array(plaintextCopy);
+          wipeUint8Array(encryptedBytes);
+          setPassphraseError("Encryption failed: " + e.toString());
+          throw e;
+        }
+      }
+
+      function initPassphraseFormHandlers() {
+        const formDiv = document.getElementById("passphrase-form-div");
+        const passphraseInput = document.getElementById("export-passphrase");
+        const confirmInput = document.getElementById(
+          "export-passphrase-confirm"
+        );
+        const submitButton = document.getElementById("encrypt-and-export");
+        if (!formDiv || !passphraseInput || !confirmInput || !submitButton) {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        if (formDiv.dataset.handlersInitialized === "true") {
+          return;
+        }
+        formDiv.dataset.handlersInitialized = "true";
+        hidePassphraseForm();
+        const isStandalone = window.parent === window;
+        submitButton.style.display = isStandalone ? "block" : "none";
+
+        passphraseInput.addEventListener("input", () => {
+          updatePassphraseStrength(passphraseInput.value);
+        });
+
+        if (isStandalone) {
+          submitButton.addEventListener("click", async () => {
+            const requestId = pendingPassphraseExport.requestId;
+            try {
+              await onConfirmPassphraseExport(requestId);
+            } catch (e) {
+              TKHQ.sendMessageUp("ERROR", e.toString(), requestId);
+            }
+          });
+
+          passphraseInput.addEventListener("keydown", (event) => {
+            if (event.key === "Enter") {
+              event.preventDefault();
+              submitButton.click();
+            }
+          });
+          confirmInput.addEventListener("keydown", (event) => {
+            if (event.key === "Enter") {
+              event.preventDefault();
+              submitButton.click();
+            }
+          });
+        }
+      }
+
       /**
        * Parse and decrypt the export bundle.
        * The `bundle` param is a JSON string of the encapsulated public
@@ -1525,12 +2100,14 @@ <h2>Message log</h2>
        * @param {string} keyFormat
        * @param {string} organizationId
        * @param {string} requestId
+       * @param {boolean} encryptToPassphrase
        */
       async function onInjectKeyBundle(
         bundle,
         keyFormat,
         organizationId,
-        requestId
+        requestId,
+        encryptToPassphrase = false
       ) {
         // Decrypt the export bundle
         const keyBytes = await decryptBundle(bundle, organizationId);
@@ -1542,24 +2119,40 @@ <h2>Message log</h2>
         var key;
         const privateKeyBytes = new Uint8Array(keyBytes);
         if (keyFormat === "SOLANA") {
-          const privateKeyHex = TKHQ.uint8arrayToHexString(
-            privateKeyBytes.subarray(0, 32)
-          );
-          const publicKeyBytes = TKHQ.getEd25519PublicKey(privateKeyHex);
-          key = await TKHQ.encodeKey(
-            privateKeyBytes,
-            keyFormat,
-            publicKeyBytes
-          );
+          try {
+            const privateKeyHex = TKHQ.uint8arrayToHexString(
+              privateKeyBytes.subarray(0, 32)
+            );
+            const publicKeyBytes = TKHQ.getEd25519PublicKey(privateKeyHex);
+            key = await TKHQ.encodeKey(
+              privateKeyBytes,
+              keyFormat,
+              publicKeyBytes
+            );
+          } finally {
+            wipeUint8Array(privateKeyBytes);
+          }
         } else {
-          key = await TKHQ.encodeKey(privateKeyBytes, keyFormat);
+          try {
+            key = await TKHQ.encodeKey(privateKeyBytes, keyFormat);
+          } finally {
+            wipeUint8Array(privateKeyBytes);
+          }
         }
 
-        // Display only the key
-        displayKey(key);
+        if (encryptToPassphrase) {
+          const keyBytesToEncrypt = passphraseTextEncoder.encode(key);
+          displayPassphraseForm(keyBytesToEncrypt, requestId);
+          wipeUint8Array(keyBytesToEncrypt);
+        } else {
+          // Display only the key
+          displayKey(key);
+        }
 
         // Send up BUNDLE_INJECTED message
         TKHQ.sendMessageUp("BUNDLE_INJECTED", true, requestId);
+
+        key = "";
       }
 
       /**
@@ -1567,8 +2160,14 @@ <h2>Message log</h2>
        * @param {string} bundle
        * @param {string} organizationId
        * @param {string} requestId
+       * @param {boolean} encryptToPassphrase
        */
-      async function onInjectWalletBundle(bundle, organizationId, requestId) {
+      async function onInjectWalletBundle(
+        bundle,
+        organizationId,
+        requestId,
+        encryptToPassphrase = false
+      ) {
         // Decrypt the export bundle
         const walletBytes = await decryptBundle(bundle, organizationId);
 
@@ -1576,13 +2175,28 @@ <h2>Message log</h2>
         TKHQ.onResetEmbeddedKey();
 
         // Parse the decrypted wallet bytes
-        const wallet = TKHQ.encodeWallet(new Uint8Array(walletBytes));
+        const walletBytesUint8 = new Uint8Array(walletBytes);
+        let wallet;
+        try {
+          wallet = TKHQ.encodeWallet(walletBytesUint8);
+        } finally {
+          wipeUint8Array(walletBytesUint8);
+        }
 
-        // Display only the wallet's mnemonic
-        displayKey(wallet.mnemonic);
+        if (encryptToPassphrase) {
+          const mnemonicBytes = passphraseTextEncoder.encode(wallet.mnemonic);
+          displayPassphraseForm(mnemonicBytes, requestId);
+          wipeUint8Array(mnemonicBytes);
+        } else {
+          // Display only the wallet's mnemonic
+          displayKey(wallet.mnemonic);
+        }
 
         // Send up BUNDLE_INJECTED message
         TKHQ.sendMessageUp("BUNDLE_INJECTED", true, requestId);
+
+        wallet.mnemonic = "";
+        wallet.passphrase = "";
       }
 
       /**
@@ -1600,6 +2214,11 @@ <h2>Message log</h2>
         // Persist in local storage
         TKHQ.setSettings(validSettings);
 
+        const passphraseForm = document.getElementById("passphrase-form-div");
+        if (passphraseForm && !passphraseForm.classList.contains("hidden")) {
+          applySettingsToPassphraseForm();
+        }
+
         // Send up SETTINGS_APPLIED message
         TKHQ.sendMessageUp("SETTINGS_APPLIED", true, requestId);
       }
diff --git a/export/index.test.js b/export/index.test.js
index 79648fe..d8e3c3f 100644
--- a/export/index.test.js
+++ b/export/index.test.js
@@ -8,6 +8,41 @@ const html = fs
   .readFileSync(path.resolve(__dirname, "./index.template.html"), "utf8")
   .replace("${TURNKEY_SIGNER_ENVIRONMENT}", "prod");
 
+/**
+ * Mirror of the iframe's encryptWithPassphrase, used to verify round-trips in tests.
+ * Kept here rather than exported from TKHQ to avoid exposing decrypt on the global
+ * in production.
+ */
+async function decryptWithPassphrase(encryptedBuf, passphrase) {
+  const salt = encryptedBuf.slice(0, 16);
+  const iv = encryptedBuf.slice(16, 28);
+  const ciphertext = encryptedBuf.slice(28);
+
+  const keyMaterial = await crypto.webcrypto.subtle.importKey(
+    "raw",
+    new TextEncoder().encode(passphrase.normalize("NFC")),
+    "PBKDF2",
+    false,
+    ["deriveBits", "deriveKey"]
+  );
+
+  const aesKey = await crypto.webcrypto.subtle.deriveKey(
+    { name: "PBKDF2", salt, iterations: 600000, hash: "SHA-256" },
+    keyMaterial,
+    { name: "AES-GCM", length: 256 },
+    false,
+    ["decrypt"]
+  );
+
+  const decrypted = await crypto.webcrypto.subtle.decrypt(
+    { name: "AES-GCM", iv },
+    aesKey,
+    ciphertext
+  );
+
+  return new Uint8Array(decrypted);
+}
+
 let dom;
 let TKHQ;
 
@@ -446,4 +481,406 @@ describe("TKHQ", () => {
     };
     expect(TKHQ.validateStyles(allStylesValid)).toEqual(allStylesValid);
   });
+
+  it("encrypts data with passphrase correctly", async () => {
+    const plaintext = new TextEncoder().encode("test mnemonic phrase");
+    const passphrase = "securepassword123";
+
+    const encrypted = await TKHQ.encryptWithPassphrase(plaintext, passphrase);
+
+    // Result should be salt (16) + iv (12) + ciphertext (at least as long as plaintext + auth tag)
+    // Note: Using ArrayBuffer check due to JSDOM cross-realm Uint8Array difference
+    expect(encrypted.buffer).toBeDefined();
+    expect(encrypted.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(16 + 12 + plaintext.length);
+
+    // Salt and IV should be present at the beginning
+    const salt = encrypted.slice(0, 16);
+    const iv = encrypted.slice(16, 28);
+    expect(salt.length).toBe(16);
+    expect(iv.length).toBe(12);
+  });
+
+  it("decrypts data encrypted by encryptWithPassphrase correctly", async () => {
+    const originalText =
+      "abandon abandon abandon abandon abandon abandon abandon abandon abandon abandon abandon about";
+    const plaintext = new TextEncoder().encode(originalText);
+    const passphrase = "mySecurePassphrase!";
+
+    // Encrypt
+    const encrypted = await TKHQ.encryptWithPassphrase(plaintext, passphrase);
+
+    // Decrypt
+    const decrypted = await decryptWithPassphrase(encrypted, passphrase);
+
+    // Verify
+    const decryptedText = new TextDecoder().decode(decrypted);
+    expect(decryptedText).toBe(originalText);
+  });
+
+  it("fails to decrypt with wrong passphrase", async () => {
+    const plaintext = new TextEncoder().encode("secret data");
+    const correctPassphrase = "correctPassphrase";
+    const wrongPassphrase = "wrongPassphrase";
+
+    const encrypted = await TKHQ.encryptWithPassphrase(
+      plaintext,
+      correctPassphrase
+    );
+
+    // Attempting to decrypt with wrong passphrase should throw
+    await expect(
+      decryptWithPassphrase(encrypted, wrongPassphrase)
+    ).rejects.toThrow();
+  });
+
+  it("produces different ciphertext for same plaintext (due to random salt/IV)", async () => {
+    const plaintext = new TextEncoder().encode("same plaintext");
+    const passphrase = "samePassphrase";
+
+    const encrypted1 = await TKHQ.encryptWithPassphrase(plaintext, passphrase);
+    const encrypted2 = await TKHQ.encryptWithPassphrase(plaintext, passphrase);
+
+    // Encrypted results should be different due to random salt and IV
+    expect(TKHQ.uint8arrayToHexString(encrypted1)).not.toBe(
+      TKHQ.uint8arrayToHexString(encrypted2)
+    );
+
+    // But both should decrypt to the same plaintext
+    const decrypted1 = await decryptWithPassphrase(encrypted1, passphrase);
+    const decrypted2 = await decryptWithPassphrase(encrypted2, passphrase);
+
+    expect(new TextDecoder().decode(decrypted1)).toBe("same plaintext");
+    expect(new TextDecoder().decode(decrypted2)).toBe("same plaintext");
+  });
+
+  it("handles encryption of wallet mnemonic end-to-end", async () => {
+    const mnemonic =
+      "suffer surround soup duck goose patrol add unveil appear eye neglect hurry alpha project tomorrow embody hen wish twenty join notable amused burden treat";
+    const passphrase = "strongPassphrase123!";
+
+    // Encode mnemonic to bytes
+    const mnemonicBytes = new TextEncoder().encode(mnemonic);
+
+    // Encrypt
+    const encrypted = await TKHQ.encryptWithPassphrase(
+      mnemonicBytes,
+      passphrase
+    );
+
+    // Convert to base64 (as would be done in displayPassphraseForm)
+    const encryptedBase64 = btoa(
+      Array.from(encrypted, (b) => String.fromCharCode(b)).join("")
+    );
+    expect(typeof encryptedBase64).toBe("string");
+    expect(encryptedBase64.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+
+    // Convert back from base64
+    const encryptedFromBase64 = new Uint8Array(
+      atob(encryptedBase64)
+        .split("")
+        .map((c) => c.charCodeAt(0))
+    );
+
+    // Decrypt
+    const decrypted = await decryptWithPassphrase(
+      encryptedFromBase64,
+      passphrase
+    );
+    const decryptedMnemonic = new TextDecoder().decode(decrypted);
+
+    expect(decryptedMnemonic).toBe(mnemonic);
+  });
+});
+
+/**
+ * Tests for passphrase form validation
+ * These tests create the form elements manually and test the validation logic
+ */
+describe("Passphrase Form Validation", () => {
+  let dom;
+  let document;
+  let TKHQ;
+
+  // Helper to create the passphrase form elements (mimics displayPassphraseForm)
+  function createPassphraseForm() {
+    const formDiv = document.createElement("form");
+    formDiv.id = "passphrase-form-div";
+
+    const passphraseInput = document.createElement("input");
+    passphraseInput.type = "password";
+    passphraseInput.id = "export-passphrase";
+    formDiv.appendChild(passphraseInput);
+
+    const confirmInput = document.createElement("input");
+    confirmInput.type = "password";
+    confirmInput.id = "export-passphrase-confirm";
+    formDiv.appendChild(confirmInput);
+
+    const errorMsg = document.createElement("p");
+    errorMsg.id = "passphrase-error";
+    errorMsg.style.display = "none";
+    formDiv.appendChild(errorMsg);
+
+    const submitButton = document.createElement("button");
+    submitButton.type = "submit";
+    submitButton.id = "encrypt-and-export";
+    formDiv.appendChild(submitButton);
+
+    document.body.appendChild(formDiv);
+
+    return { formDiv, passphraseInput, confirmInput, errorMsg, submitButton };
+  }
+
+  // Helper to submit form (triggers validation)
+  function submitForm(elements) {
+    const event = new dom.window.Event("submit", {
+      bubbles: true,
+      cancelable: true,
+    });
+    elements.formDiv.dispatchEvent(event);
+  }
+
+  // Helper to create submit handler that mimics displayPassphraseForm logic
+  function addValidationHandler(elements, mnemonic, onSuccess) {
+    const { formDiv, passphraseInput, confirmInput, errorMsg } = elements;
+
+    formDiv.addEventListener("submit", async (event) => {
+      event.preventDefault();
+      const passphrase = passphraseInput.value;
+      const confirmPassphrase = confirmInput.value;
+
+      // Validate minimum passphrase length (8 characters)
+      if (passphrase.length < 8) {
+        errorMsg.innerText = "Passphrase must be at least 8 characters long.";
+        errorMsg.style.display = "block";
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // Validate passphrases match
+      if (passphrase !== confirmPassphrase) {
+        errorMsg.innerText = "Passphrases do not match.";
+        errorMsg.style.display = "block";
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // Hide error message
+      errorMsg.style.display = "none";
+
+      if (onSuccess) {
+        await onSuccess(passphrase);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    dom = new JSDOM(html, {
+      runScripts: "dangerously",
+      url: "http://localhost",
+      beforeParse(window) {
+        window.TextDecoder = TextDecoder;
+        window.TextEncoder = TextEncoder;
+      },
+    });
+
+    Object.defineProperty(dom.window, "crypto", {
+      value: crypto.webcrypto,
+    });
+
+    document = dom.window.document;
+    TKHQ = dom.window.TKHQ;
+  });
+
+  it("contains hidden static passphrase form elements", () => {
+    const form = document.getElementById("passphrase-form-div");
+    expect(form).toBeInTheDocument();
+    expect(form.classList.contains("hidden")).toBe(true);
+    expect(
+      document.getElementById("passphrase-description")
+    ).toBeInTheDocument();
+    expect(document.getElementById("export-passphrase")).toBeInTheDocument();
+    expect(
+      document.getElementById("export-passphrase-confirm")
+    ).toBeInTheDocument();
+    expect(document.getElementById("encrypt-and-export")).toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+
+  it("shows error when passphrase is too short", () => {
+    const elements = createPassphraseForm();
+    addValidationHandler(elements, "test mnemonic");
+
+    // Set a passphrase that's too short (< 8 chars)
+    elements.passphraseInput.value = "short";
+    elements.confirmInput.value = "short";
+
+    // Submit form
+    submitForm(elements);
+
+    // Error should be displayed
+    expect(elements.errorMsg.style.display).toBe("block");
+    expect(elements.errorMsg.innerText).toBe(
+      "Passphrase must be at least 8 characters long."
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("shows error when passphrase is exactly 7 characters", () => {
+    const elements = createPassphraseForm();
+    addValidationHandler(elements, "test mnemonic");
+
+    // Set a passphrase that's exactly 7 chars (boundary case)
+    elements.passphraseInput.value = "1234567";
+    elements.confirmInput.value = "1234567";
+
+    submitForm(elements);
+
+    expect(elements.errorMsg.style.display).toBe("block");
+    expect(elements.errorMsg.innerText).toBe(
+      "Passphrase must be at least 8 characters long."
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("accepts passphrase with exactly 8 characters", async () => {
+    const elements = createPassphraseForm();
+    let successCalled = false;
+
+    addValidationHandler(elements, "test mnemonic", async () => {
+      successCalled = true;
+    });
+
+    // Set a passphrase that's exactly 8 chars (boundary case - should pass)
+    elements.passphraseInput.value = "12345678";
+    elements.confirmInput.value = "12345678";
+
+    submitForm(elements);
+
+    // Allow async handler to complete
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 10));
+
+    expect(elements.errorMsg.style.display).toBe("none");
+    expect(successCalled).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("shows error when passphrases do not match", () => {
+    const elements = createPassphraseForm();
+    addValidationHandler(elements, "test mnemonic");
+
+    // Set mismatched passphrases (both >= 8 chars)
+    elements.passphraseInput.value = "password123";
+    elements.confirmInput.value = "password456";
+
+    submitForm(elements);
+
+    expect(elements.errorMsg.style.display).toBe("block");
+    expect(elements.errorMsg.innerText).toBe("Passphrases do not match.");
+  });
+
+  it("shows length error before mismatch error", () => {
+    const elements = createPassphraseForm();
+    addValidationHandler(elements, "test mnemonic");
+
+    // Set short AND mismatched passphrases
+    elements.passphraseInput.value = "short";
+    elements.confirmInput.value = "diff";
+
+    submitForm(elements);
+
+    // Length error should take precedence
+    expect(elements.errorMsg.style.display).toBe("block");
+    expect(elements.errorMsg.innerText).toBe(
+      "Passphrase must be at least 8 characters long."
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("hides error message on successful validation", async () => {
+    const elements = createPassphraseForm();
+    addValidationHandler(elements, "test mnemonic", async () => {});
+
+    // First trigger an error
+    elements.passphraseInput.value = "short";
+    elements.confirmInput.value = "short";
+    submitForm(elements);
+    expect(elements.errorMsg.style.display).toBe("block");
+
+    // Now enter valid passphrases
+    elements.passphraseInput.value = "validpassword123";
+    elements.confirmInput.value = "validpassword123";
+    submitForm(elements);
+
+    // Allow async handler to complete
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 10));
+
+    // Error should be hidden
+    expect(elements.errorMsg.style.display).toBe("none");
+  });
+
+  it("accepts empty confirmation when passphrase is too short (length check first)", () => {
+    const elements = createPassphraseForm();
+    addValidationHandler(elements, "test mnemonic");
+
+    // Short passphrase with empty confirmation
+    elements.passphraseInput.value = "short";
+    elements.confirmInput.value = "";
+
+    submitForm(elements);
+
+    // Should show length error, not mismatch
+    expect(elements.errorMsg.innerText).toBe(
+      "Passphrase must be at least 8 characters long."
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("validates with special characters in passphrase", async () => {
+    const elements = createPassphraseForm();
+    let receivedPassphrase = null;
+
+    addValidationHandler(elements, "test mnemonic", async (passphrase) => {
+      receivedPassphrase = passphrase;
+    });
+
+    // Passphrase with special characters
+    const specialPass = "p@$$w0rd!#%^&*()";
+    elements.passphraseInput.value = specialPass;
+    elements.confirmInput.value = specialPass;
+
+    submitForm(elements);
+
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 10));
+
+    expect(elements.errorMsg.style.display).toBe("none");
+    expect(receivedPassphrase).toBe(specialPass);
+  });
+
+  it("validates with unicode characters in passphrase", async () => {
+    const elements = createPassphraseForm();
+    let receivedPassphrase = null;
+
+    addValidationHandler(elements, "test mnemonic", async (passphrase) => {
+      receivedPassphrase = passphrase;
+    });
+
+    // Passphrase with unicode
+    const unicodePass = "密码🔐secure";
+    elements.passphraseInput.value = unicodePass;
+    elements.confirmInput.value = unicodePass;
+
+    submitForm(elements);
+
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 10));
+
+    expect(elements.errorMsg.style.display).toBe("none");
+    expect(receivedPassphrase).toBe(unicodePass);
+  });
+
+  it("is case-sensitive when comparing passphrases", () => {
+    const elements = createPassphraseForm();
+    addValidationHandler(elements, "test mnemonic");
+
+    // Same passphrase but different case
+    elements.passphraseInput.value = "Password123";
+    elements.confirmInput.value = "password123";
+
+    submitForm(elements);
+
+    expect(elements.errorMsg.style.display).toBe("block");
+    expect(elements.errorMsg.innerText).toBe("Passphrases do not match.");
+  });
 });