some error bytes/int

[kessero]

I get this error python 3.6.3:

ble thread started
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test_blee.py", line 23, in <module>
    returnedList = scan_blee.parse_events(sock, 10)
  File "/home/.../blescan.py", line 141, in parse_events
    subevent, = struct.unpack("B", pkt[3])
TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'int'

Some data had been change in struct?

[palande-dev]

Were you able to resolve this error? I am facing the same issue

[kessero]

No, I use c++ for my task

[aadhi0319]

This is because you are using python3. It should work right in python2.7. Otherwise, you may have to make modifications to get the code running correctly.
Replace your blescan with this:

# Modified by Aadhithya Kannan (aadhi0319 - GitHub Handle)
# 25 May 2020

# BLE iBeaconScanner based on https://github.com/adamf/BLE/blob/master/ble-scanner.py
# JCS 06/07/14

DEBUG = False
# BLE scanner based on https://github.com/adamf/BLE/blob/master/ble-scanner.py
# BLE scanner, based on https://code.google.com/p/pybluez/source/browse/trunk/examples/advanced/inquiry-with-rssi.py

# https://github.com/pauloborges/bluez/blob/master/tools/hcitool.c for lescan
# https://kernel.googlesource.com/pub/scm/bluetooth/bluez/+/5.6/lib/hci.h for opcodes
# https://github.com/pauloborges/bluez/blob/master/lib/hci.c#L2782 for functions used by lescan

# performs a simple device inquiry, and returns a list of ble advertizements 
# discovered device

# NOTE: Python's struct.pack() will add padding bytes unless you make the endianness explicit. Little endian
# should be used for BLE. Always start a struct.pack() format string with "<"

import os
import sys
import struct
import bluetooth._bluetooth as bluez

LE_META_EVENT = 0x3e
LE_PUBLIC_ADDRESS=0x00
LE_RANDOM_ADDRESS=0x01
LE_SET_SCAN_PARAMETERS_CP_SIZE=7
OGF_LE_CTL=0x08
OCF_LE_SET_SCAN_PARAMETERS=0x000B
OCF_LE_SET_SCAN_ENABLE=0x000C
OCF_LE_CREATE_CONN=0x000D

LE_ROLE_MASTER = 0x00
LE_ROLE_SLAVE = 0x01

# these are actually subevents of LE_META_EVENT
EVT_LE_CONN_COMPLETE=0x01
EVT_LE_ADVERTISING_REPORT=0x02
EVT_LE_CONN_UPDATE_COMPLETE=0x03
EVT_LE_READ_REMOTE_USED_FEATURES_COMPLETE=0x04

# Advertisment event types
ADV_IND=0x00
ADV_DIRECT_IND=0x01
ADV_SCAN_IND=0x02
ADV_NONCONN_IND=0x03
ADV_SCAN_RSP=0x04


def returnnumberpacket(pkt):
    myInteger = 0
    multiple = 256
    for c in pkt:
        myInteger +=  c * multiple
        multiple = 1
    return myInteger 

def returnstringpacket(pkt):
    myString = "";
    for c in pkt:
        myString +=  "%02x" % c
    return myString 

def printpacket(pkt):
    for c in pkt:
        sys.stdout.write("%02x " % c)

def get_packed_bdaddr(bdaddr_string):
    packable_addr = []
    addr = bdaddr_string.split(':')
    addr.reverse()
    for b in addr: 
        packable_addr.append(int(b, 16))
    return struct.pack("<BBBBBB", *packable_addr)

def packed_bdaddr_to_string(bdaddr_packed):
    return ':'.join('%02x'%i for i in struct.unpack("<BBBBBB", bdaddr_packed[::-1]))

def hci_enable_le_scan(sock):
    hci_toggle_le_scan(sock, 0x01)

def hci_disable_le_scan(sock):
    hci_toggle_le_scan(sock, 0x00)

def hci_toggle_le_scan(sock, enable):
# hci_le_set_scan_enable(dd, 0x01, filter_dup, 1000);
# memset(&scan_cp, 0, sizeof(scan_cp));
 #uint8_t         enable;
 #       uint8_t         filter_dup;
#        scan_cp.enable = enable;
#        scan_cp.filter_dup = filter_dup;
#
#        memset(&rq, 0, sizeof(rq));
#        rq.ogf = OGF_LE_CTL;
#        rq.ocf = OCF_LE_SET_SCAN_ENABLE;
#        rq.cparam = &scan_cp;
#        rq.clen = LE_SET_SCAN_ENABLE_CP_SIZE;
#        rq.rparam = &status;
#        rq.rlen = 1;

#        if (hci_send_req(dd, &rq, to) < 0)
#                return -1;
    cmd_pkt = struct.pack("<BB", enable, 0x00)
    bluez.hci_send_cmd(sock, OGF_LE_CTL, OCF_LE_SET_SCAN_ENABLE, cmd_pkt)


def hci_le_set_scan_parameters(sock):
    old_filter = sock.getsockopt( bluez.SOL_HCI, bluez.HCI_FILTER, 14)

    SCAN_RANDOM = 0x01
    OWN_TYPE = SCAN_RANDOM
    SCAN_TYPE = 0x01


    
def parse_events(sock, loop_count=100):
    old_filter = sock.getsockopt( bluez.SOL_HCI, bluez.HCI_FILTER, 14)

    # perform a device inquiry on bluetooth device #0
    # The inquiry should last 8 * 1.28 = 10.24 seconds
    # before the inquiry is performed, bluez should flush its cache of
    # previously discovered devices
    flt = bluez.hci_filter_new()
    bluez.hci_filter_all_events(flt)
    bluez.hci_filter_set_ptype(flt, bluez.HCI_EVENT_PKT)
    sock.setsockopt( bluez.SOL_HCI, bluez.HCI_FILTER, flt )
    done = False
    results = []
    myFullList = []
    for i in range(0, loop_count):
        pkt = sock.recv(255)
        ptype, event, plen = struct.unpack("BBB", pkt[:3])
        #print "--------------" 
        if event == bluez.EVT_INQUIRY_RESULT_WITH_RSSI:
            i =0
        elif event == bluez.EVT_NUM_COMP_PKTS:
                i =0 
        elif event == bluez.EVT_DISCONN_COMPLETE:
                i =0 
        elif event == LE_META_EVENT:
            subevent = pkt[3]
            pkt = pkt[4:]
            if subevent == EVT_LE_CONN_COMPLETE:
                le_handle_connection_complete(pkt)
            elif subevent == EVT_LE_ADVERTISING_REPORT:
                #print "advertising report"
                num_reports = pkt[0]
                report_pkt_offset = 0
                for i in range(0, num_reports):
                    if (DEBUG == True):
                        print
                        "-------------"
                        # print "\tfullpacket: ", printpacket(pkt)
                        print
                        "\tUDID: ", printpacket(pkt[report_pkt_offset - 22: report_pkt_offset - 6])
                        print
                        "\tMAJOR: ", printpacket(pkt[report_pkt_offset - 6: report_pkt_offset - 4])
                        print
                        "\tMINOR: ", printpacket(pkt[report_pkt_offset - 4: report_pkt_offset - 2])
                        print
                        "\tMAC address: ", packed_bdaddr_to_string(pkt[report_pkt_offset + 3:report_pkt_offset + 9])
                        # commented out - don't know what this byte is.  It's NOT TXPower
                        txpower, = struct.unpack("b", pkt[report_pkt_offset - 2])
                        print
                        "\t(Unknown):", txpower

                        rssi, = struct.unpack("b", pkt[report_pkt_offset - 1])
                        print
                        "\tRSSI:", rssi
                        # build the return string
                    Adstring = packed_bdaddr_to_string(pkt[report_pkt_offset + 3:report_pkt_offset + 9])
                    Adstring += ","
                    Adstring += returnstringpacket(pkt[report_pkt_offset - 22: report_pkt_offset - 6])
                    Adstring += ","
                    Adstring += "%i" % returnnumberpacket(pkt[report_pkt_offset - 6: report_pkt_offset - 4])
                    Adstring += ","
                    Adstring += "%i" % returnnumberpacket(pkt[report_pkt_offset - 4: report_pkt_offset - 2])
                    Adstring += ","
                    Adstring += "%i" % pkt[report_pkt_offset - 2]
                    Adstring += ","
                    Adstring += "%i" % pkt[report_pkt_offset - 1]

                    # print "\tAdstring=", Adstring
                    myFullList.append(Adstring)
                done = True
    sock.setsockopt( bluez.SOL_HCI, bluez.HCI_FILTER, old_filter )
    return myFullList