diff --git a/.changeset/panel-disable-support.md b/.changeset/panel-disable-support.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ef5f8fb75f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/panel-disable-support.md
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+---
+'@storybook/react-native-ui': minor
+'@storybook/react-native-ui-lite': minor
+---
+
+feat: honor `parameters[paramKey].disable` on addon panels — matches web Storybook. When every panel is disabled for the current story, the addons UI is hidden.
diff --git a/docs/docs/intro/addons/index.md b/docs/docs/intro/addons/index.md
index 53ca6b9304..98b4c625fe 100644
--- a/docs/docs/intro/addons/index.md
+++ b/docs/docs/intro/addons/index.md
@@ -35,8 +35,30 @@ export default main;
 On-device addons contain React Native code that can only run on the device. When listed in the regular `addons` array, Storybook Core tries to evaluate them as presets during server-side operations (like `extract` or `build`), which fails because Node.js can't load React Native modules. The `deviceAddons` property ensures they're only loaded at runtime on the device.
 
 For backwards compatibility, on-device addons in the `addons` array still work — they're detected by the "ondevice" substring in their name and handled correctly. However, `deviceAddons` is the recommended approach.
+
 :::
 
+## Hiding addon panels per story
+
+On-device addon panels can be hidden for a story with the same `parameters[addonKey].disable` convention used by Storybook web. When every registered panel is disabled for the selected story, the addons button and panel are hidden.
+
+```ts
+export const WithoutControls = {
+  parameters: {
+    controls: { disable: true },
+  },
+};
+
+export const WithoutAnyAddonPanels = {
+  parameters: {
+    actions: { disable: true },
+    backgrounds: { disable: true },
+    controls: { disable: true },
+    notes: { disable: true },
+  },
+};
+```
+
 ## Actions
 
 The Actions addon lets you log events and actions inside your stories. It's useful for verifying component interactions and event handling.
diff --git a/docs/docs/intro/writing-stories.md b/docs/docs/intro/writing-stories.md
index 9baa9df1e3..9d3073830c 100644
--- a/docs/docs/intro/writing-stories.md
+++ b/docs/docs/intro/writing-stories.md
@@ -144,6 +144,8 @@ React Native Storybook provides several built-in parameters to control the on-de
 | `hideFullScreenButton`  | `boolean`                                    | When `true`, hides the fullscreen toggle button                                                                                                   |
 | `layout`                | `'padded'` \| `'centered'` \| `'fullscreen'` | Controls the layout of the story container. `'padded'` adds padding, `'centered'` centers the content, `'fullscreen'` removes any default spacing |
 
+On-device addon panels can also be hidden per story with `parameters[addonKey].disable`. This follows the same convention as Storybook web. For example, `parameters: { controls: { disable: true } }` hides the Controls panel for that story. When every addon panel is disabled for the selected story, the addons UI is hidden.
+
 ```tsx
 // Button.stories.tsx
 import type { Meta, StoryObj } from '@storybook/react-native';
@@ -186,6 +188,16 @@ export const EdgeToEdge: Story = {
     noSafeArea: true,
   },
 };
+
+// Story without the Controls addon panel
+export const WithoutControls: Story = {
+  args: {
+    label: 'Button',
+  },
+  parameters: {
+    controls: { disable: true },
+  },
+};
 ```
 
 ### Using decorators
diff --git a/examples/expo-example/.rnstorybook/storybook.requires.ts b/examples/expo-example/.rnstorybook/storybook.requires.ts
index 6e5a4cada9..fdd434d6cc 100644
--- a/examples/expo-example/.rnstorybook/storybook.requires.ts
+++ b/examples/expo-example/.rnstorybook/storybook.requires.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* do not change this file, it is auto generated by storybook. */
 /// <reference types="@storybook/react-native/metro-env" />
-import { start, updateView, View, type Features } from '@storybook/react-native';
+import { start, updateView, type View, type Features } from '@storybook/react-native';
 
 
 import "storybook-addon-deep-controls/register";
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ const annotations = [
 
 globalThis.STORIES = normalizedStories;
 globalThis.STORYBOOK_WEBSOCKET = {
-  host: '192.168.1.171',
+  host: '192.168.1.210',
   port: 7007,
   secured: false,
 };
diff --git a/examples/expo-example/components/AddonPanelDisable/AddonPanelDisable.stories.tsx b/examples/expo-example/components/AddonPanelDisable/AddonPanelDisable.stories.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..90f1e1b42f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/expo-example/components/AddonPanelDisable/AddonPanelDisable.stories.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+import type { Meta, StoryObj } from '@storybook/react-native';
+import { Pressable, StyleSheet, Text, View } from 'react-native';
+import { fn } from 'storybook/test';
+
+type AddonPanelDisableDemoProps = {
+  label: string;
+  count: number;
+  enabled: boolean;
+  onPress: () => void;
+};
+
+const AddonPanelDisableDemo = ({ label, count, enabled, onPress }: AddonPanelDisableDemoProps) => (
+  <View style={styles.container}>
+    <Text style={styles.heading}>{label}</Text>
+    <Text style={styles.body}>Count: {count}</Text>
+    <Text style={styles.body}>Enabled: {enabled ? 'true' : 'false'}</Text>
+    <Pressable
+      style={({ pressed }) => [styles.button, pressed && styles.buttonPressed]}
+      onPress={onPress}
+    >
+      <Text style={styles.buttonText}>Log action</Text>
+    </Pressable>
+  </View>
+);
+
+const meta = {
+  title: 'AddonPanelDisable',
+  component: AddonPanelDisableDemo,
+  args: {
+    label: 'Addon panel disable test',
+    count: 1,
+    enabled: true,
+    onPress: fn(),
+  },
+  argTypes: {
+    label: { control: 'text' },
+    count: { control: 'number' },
+    enabled: { control: 'boolean' },
+  },
+  parameters: {
+    notes: `
+# Addon panel disable test
+
+Use these stories to manually verify \`parameters[paramKey].disable\`.
+`,
+    backgrounds: {
+      options: {
+        panelDisableLight: { name: 'Panel disable light', value: '#f7f2e8' },
+        panelDisableDark: { name: 'Panel disable dark', value: '#20232a' },
+      },
+    },
+  },
+} satisfies Meta<typeof AddonPanelDisableDemo>;
+
+export default meta;
+
+type Story = StoryObj<typeof meta>;
+
+export const AllPanelsEnabled: Story = {};
+
+export const ControlsDisabled: Story = {
+  parameters: {
+    controls: { disable: true },
+  },
+};
+
+export const ActionsDisabled: Story = {
+  parameters: {
+    actions: { disable: true },
+  },
+};
+
+export const BackgroundsDisabled: Story = {
+  parameters: {
+    backgrounds: { disable: true },
+  },
+};
+
+export const NotesDisabled: Story = {
+  parameters: {
+    notes: { disable: true },
+  },
+};
+
+export const FirstPanelDisabled: Story = {
+  parameters: {
+    controls: { disable: true },
+  },
+};
+
+export const LastPanelOnly: Story = {
+  parameters: {
+    actions: { disable: true },
+    backgrounds: { disable: true },
+    controls: { disable: true },
+  },
+};
+
+export const AllPanelsDisabled: Story = {
+  parameters: {
+    actions: { disable: true },
+    backgrounds: { disable: true },
+    controls: { disable: true },
+    notes: { disable: true },
+  },
+};
+
+const styles = StyleSheet.create({
+  container: {
+    flex: 1,
+    alignItems: 'center',
+    justifyContent: 'center',
+    gap: 12,
+    padding: 24,
+  },
+  heading: {
+    fontSize: 20,
+    fontWeight: '700',
+    textAlign: 'center',
+  },
+  body: {
+    fontSize: 16,
+  },
+  button: {
+    backgroundColor: '#1ea7fd',
+    borderRadius: 4,
+    paddingHorizontal: 16,
+    paddingVertical: 10,
+  },
+  buttonText: {
+    color: '#ffffff',
+    fontWeight: '700',
+  },
+  buttonPressed: {
+    opacity: 0.8,
+  },
+});
diff --git a/packages/react-native-ui-lite/src/Layout.tsx b/packages/react-native-ui-lite/src/Layout.tsx
index 4580f83b2d..d62502f512 100644
--- a/packages/react-native-ui-lite/src/Layout.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-native-ui-lite/src/Layout.tsx
@@ -11,12 +11,25 @@ import {
   useStoreNumberState,
   useStyle,
 } from '@storybook/react-native-ui-common';
-import { ReactElement, ReactNode, useCallback, useLayoutEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react';
+import {
+  ReactElement,
+  ReactNode,
+  useCallback,
+  useLayoutEffect,
+  useMemo,
+  useRef,
+  useState,
+} from 'react';
 import { Text, TouchableOpacity, useWindowDimensions, View, ViewStyle } from 'react-native';
 import { SafeAreaProvider, useSafeAreaInsets } from 'react-native-safe-area-context';
 import { SET_CURRENT_STORY } from 'storybook/internal/core-events';
 import type { Args, StoryContext } from 'storybook/internal/csf';
-import { type API_IndexHash } from 'storybook/internal/types';
+import {
+  Addon_TypesEnum,
+  type Addon_BaseType,
+  type Addon_Collection,
+  type API_IndexHash,
+} from 'storybook/internal/types';
 import { addons } from 'storybook/manager-api';
 import { AddonsTabs, MobileAddonsPanel, MobileAddonsPanelRef } from './MobileAddonsPanel';
 import { MobileMenuDrawer, MobileMenuDrawerRef } from './MobileMenuDrawer';
@@ -119,6 +132,14 @@ export const Layout = ({
     'desktopPanelState',
     true
   );
+
+  const hasEnabledPanels = useMemo(() => {
+    const allPanels: Addon_Collection<Addon_BaseType> = addons.getElements(Addon_TypesEnum.PANEL);
+    return Object.values(allPanels).some(
+      (p) => !p.paramKey || !story?.parameters?.[p.paramKey]?.disable
+    );
+  }, [story?.parameters]);
+
   const [isMobileSearchActive, setIsMobileSearchActive] = useState(false);
 
   const [sidebarWidth, setSidebarWidth] = useStoreNumberState('desktopSidebarWidth', 240);
@@ -317,7 +338,7 @@ export const Layout = ({
           </TouchableOpacity>
         )}
 
-        {isDesktop ? (
+        {isDesktop && hasEnabledPanels ? (
           <>
             {desktopAddonsPanelOpen ? (
               <ResizeHandle
@@ -329,7 +350,11 @@ export const Layout = ({
             ) : null}
             <View style={desktopAddonsPanelStyle} pointerEvents={isResizing ? 'none' : 'auto'}>
               {desktopAddonsPanelOpen ? (
-                <AddonsTabs storyId={story?.id} onClose={() => setDesktopAddonsPanelOpen(false)} />
+                <AddonsTabs
+                  storyId={story?.id}
+                  parameters={story?.parameters}
+                  onClose={() => setDesktopAddonsPanelOpen(false)}
+                />
               ) : (
                 <IconButton
                   style={iconFloatRightStyle}
@@ -360,13 +385,15 @@ export const Layout = ({
               </Text>
             </Button>
 
-            <IconButton
-              testID="mobile-addons-button"
-              hitSlop={addonButtonHitSlop}
-              onPress={() => addonPanelRef.current.setAddonsPanelOpen(true)}
-              Icon={BottomBarToggleIcon}
-              accessibilityLabel="Open addons panel"
-            />
+            {hasEnabledPanels && (
+              <IconButton
+                testID="mobile-addons-button"
+                hitSlop={addonButtonHitSlop}
+                onPress={() => addonPanelRef.current.setAddonsPanelOpen(true)}
+                Icon={BottomBarToggleIcon}
+                accessibilityLabel="Open addons panel"
+              />
+            )}
           </Nav>
         </Container>
       ) : null}
@@ -395,7 +422,9 @@ export const Layout = ({
         </MobileMenuDrawer>
       )}
 
-      {isDesktop ? null : <MobileAddonsPanel ref={addonPanelRef} storyId={story?.id} />}
+      {!isDesktop && hasEnabledPanels ? (
+        <MobileAddonsPanel ref={addonPanelRef} storyId={story?.id} parameters={story?.parameters} />
+      ) : null}
     </View>
   );
 };
diff --git a/packages/react-native-ui-lite/src/MobileAddonsPanel.tsx b/packages/react-native-ui-lite/src/MobileAddonsPanel.tsx
index abc7934553..500725bc04 100644
--- a/packages/react-native-ui-lite/src/MobileAddonsPanel.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-native-ui-lite/src/MobileAddonsPanel.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { styled, useTheme } from '@storybook/react-native-theming';
 import { IconButton, useStyle } from '@storybook/react-native-ui-common';
+import type { Parameters } from 'storybook/internal/csf';
 import { forwardRef, useCallback, useEffect, useImperativeHandle, useMemo, useState } from 'react';
 import {
   Animated,
@@ -28,8 +29,10 @@ export interface MobileAddonsPanelRef {
   setAddonsPanelOpen: (isOpen: boolean) => void;
 }
 
-export const MobileAddonsPanel = forwardRef<MobileAddonsPanelRef, { storyId?: string }>(
-  ({ storyId }, ref) => {
+type MobileAddonsPanelProps = { storyId?: string; parameters?: Parameters };
+
+export const MobileAddonsPanel = forwardRef<MobileAddonsPanelRef, MobileAddonsPanelProps>(
+  ({ storyId, parameters }, ref) => {
     const theme = useTheme();
     const { height } = useWindowDimensions();
     const defaultPanelHeight = height / 2;
@@ -145,6 +148,7 @@ export const MobileAddonsPanel = forwardRef<MobileAddonsPanelRef, { storyId?: st
                 Keyboard.dismiss();
               }}
               storyId={storyId}
+              parameters={parameters}
             />
           </View>
         </View>
@@ -191,12 +195,25 @@ const hiddenStyle = {
 
 const hitSlop = { top: 10, right: 10, bottom: 10, left: 10 };
 
-export const AddonsTabs = ({ onClose, storyId }: { onClose?: () => void; storyId?: string }) => {
-  const panels: Addon_Collection<Addon_BaseType> = addons.getElements(Addon_TypesEnum.PANEL);
+type AddonsTabsProps = {
+  onClose?: () => void;
+  storyId?: string;
+  parameters?: Parameters;
+};
+
+export const AddonsTabs = ({ onClose, storyId, parameters }: AddonsTabsProps) => {
+  const panels = useMemo<Addon_Collection<Addon_BaseType>>(() => {
+    const allPanels: Addon_Collection<Addon_BaseType> = addons.getElements(Addon_TypesEnum.PANEL);
+
+    return Object.fromEntries(
+      Object.entries(allPanels).filter(([, p]) => !p.paramKey || !parameters?.[p.paramKey]?.disable)
+    );
+  }, [parameters]);
+
   const insets = useSafeAreaInsets();
   const [addonSelected, setAddonSelected] = useState(Object.keys(panels)[0]);
-
   const panelEntries = useMemo(() => Object.entries(panels), [panels]);
+  const activeAddonId = panels[addonSelected] ? addonSelected : panelEntries[0]?.[0];
 
   const scrollContentContainerStyle = useStyle(
     () => ({
@@ -220,7 +237,7 @@ export const AddonsTabs = ({ onClose, storyId }: { onClose?: () => void; storyId
             return (
               <Tab
                 key={id}
-                active={id === addonSelected}
+                active={id === activeAddonId}
                 onPress={() => setAddonSelected(id)}
                 text={String(resolvedTitle)}
               />
@@ -252,7 +269,7 @@ export const AddonsTabs = ({ onClose, storyId }: { onClose?: () => void; storyId
           </View>
         ) : (
           panelEntries.map(([id, p]) => (
-            <View key={id} style={id === addonSelected ? undefined : hiddenStyle}>
+            <View key={id} style={id === activeAddonId ? undefined : hiddenStyle}>
               <PanelRenderer panel={p} />
             </View>
           ))
diff --git a/packages/react-native-ui/src/Layout.tsx b/packages/react-native-ui/src/Layout.tsx
index ae808b9160..f83b705b68 100644
--- a/packages/react-native-ui/src/Layout.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-native-ui/src/Layout.tsx
@@ -11,13 +11,18 @@ import {
   useStyle,
   type SBUI,
 } from '@storybook/react-native-ui-common';
-import { ReactNode, useCallback, useLayoutEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react';
+import { ReactNode, useCallback, useLayoutEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from 'react';
 import { ScrollView, Text, TouchableOpacity, View, ViewStyle } from 'react-native';
 import { GestureHandlerRootView } from 'react-native-gesture-handler';
 import { SafeAreaProvider, useSafeAreaInsets } from 'react-native-safe-area-context';
 import { SET_CURRENT_STORY } from 'storybook/internal/core-events';
 import type { Args, StoryContext } from 'storybook/internal/csf';
-import type { API_IndexHash } from 'storybook/internal/types';
+import {
+  Addon_TypesEnum,
+  type Addon_BaseType,
+  type Addon_Collection,
+  type API_IndexHash,
+} from 'storybook/internal/types';
 import { addons } from 'storybook/manager-api';
 import { DEFAULT_REF_ID } from './constants';
 import { BottomBarToggleIcon } from './icon/BottomBarToggleIcon';
@@ -117,6 +122,14 @@ export const Layout = ({
     true
   );
 
+  const hasEnabledPanels = useMemo(() => {
+    const allPanels: Addon_Collection<Addon_BaseType> = addons.getElements(Addon_TypesEnum.PANEL);
+
+    return Object.values(allPanels).some(
+      (p) => !p.paramKey || !story?.parameters?.[p.paramKey]?.disable
+    );
+  }, [story?.parameters]);
+
   const [uiHidden, setUiHidden] = useState(false);
 
   useLayoutEffect(() => {
@@ -270,10 +283,14 @@ export const Layout = ({
           </TouchableOpacity>
         )}
 
-        {isDesktop ? (
+        {isDesktop && hasEnabledPanels ? (
           <View style={desktopAddonsPanelStyle}>
             {desktopAddonsPanelOpen ? (
-              <AddonsTabs storyId={story?.id} onClose={() => setDesktopAddonsPanelOpen(false)} />
+              <AddonsTabs
+                storyId={story?.id}
+                parameters={story?.parameters}
+                onClose={() => setDesktopAddonsPanelOpen(false)}
+              />
             ) : (
               <IconButton
                 style={iconFloatRightStyle}
@@ -300,11 +317,13 @@ export const Layout = ({
               </Text>
             </Button>
 
-            <IconButton
-              testID="mobile-addons-button"
-              onPress={() => addonPanelRef.current.setAddonsPanelOpen(true)}
-              Icon={BottomBarToggleIcon}
-            />
+            {hasEnabledPanels && (
+              <IconButton
+                testID="mobile-addons-button"
+                onPress={() => addonPanelRef.current.setAddonsPanelOpen(true)}
+                Icon={BottomBarToggleIcon}
+              />
+            )}
           </Nav>
         </Container>
       ) : null}
@@ -330,7 +349,9 @@ export const Layout = ({
         </SelectedNodeProvider>
       ) : null}
 
-      {!isDesktop ? <MobileAddonsPanel ref={addonPanelRef} storyId={story?.id} /> : null}
+      {!isDesktop && hasEnabledPanels ? (
+        <MobileAddonsPanel ref={addonPanelRef} storyId={story?.id} parameters={story?.parameters} />
+      ) : null}
     </View>
   );
 };
diff --git a/packages/react-native-ui/src/MobileAddonsPanel.tsx b/packages/react-native-ui/src/MobileAddonsPanel.tsx
index 6a845170b4..ea5efd0f6b 100644
--- a/packages/react-native-ui/src/MobileAddonsPanel.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-native-ui/src/MobileAddonsPanel.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { BottomSheetModal } from '@gorhom/bottom-sheet';
 import { addons } from 'storybook/manager-api';
 import { styled, useTheme } from '@storybook/react-native-theming';
+import type { Parameters } from 'storybook/internal/csf';
 import {
   Addon_TypesEnum,
   type Addon_BaseType,
@@ -31,8 +32,10 @@ const contentStyle = {
   flex: 1,
 } satisfies StyleProp<ViewStyle>;
 
-export const MobileAddonsPanel = forwardRef<MobileAddonsPanelRef, { storyId?: string }>(
-  ({ storyId }, ref) => {
+type MobileAddonsPanelProps = { storyId?: string; parameters?: Parameters };
+
+export const MobileAddonsPanel = forwardRef<MobileAddonsPanelRef, MobileAddonsPanelProps>(
+  ({ storyId, parameters }, ref) => {
     const theme = useTheme();
     const reducedMotion = useReducedMotion();
 
@@ -103,6 +106,7 @@ export const MobileAddonsPanel = forwardRef<MobileAddonsPanelRef, { storyId?: st
               addonsPanelBottomSheetRef.current?.dismiss();
             }}
             storyId={storyId}
+            parameters={parameters}
           />
         </Animated.View>
       </BottomSheetModal>
@@ -148,8 +152,22 @@ const hiddenStyle = {
 
 const hitSlop = { top: 10, right: 10, bottom: 10, left: 10 };
 
-export const AddonsTabs = ({ onClose, storyId }: { onClose?: () => void; storyId?: string }) => {
-  const panels: Addon_Collection<Addon_BaseType> = addons.getElements(Addon_TypesEnum.PANEL);
+export const AddonsTabs = ({
+  onClose,
+  storyId,
+  parameters,
+}: {
+  onClose?: () => void;
+  storyId?: string;
+  parameters?: Parameters;
+}) => {
+  const panels = useMemo<Addon_Collection<Addon_BaseType>>(() => {
+    const allPanels: Addon_Collection<Addon_BaseType> = addons.getElements(Addon_TypesEnum.PANEL);
+
+    return Object.fromEntries(
+      Object.entries(allPanels).filter(([, p]) => !p.paramKey || !parameters?.[p.paramKey]?.disable)
+    );
+  }, [parameters]);
 
   const [addonSelected, setAddonSelected] = useState(Object.keys(panels)[0]);
 
@@ -162,6 +180,7 @@ export const AddonsTabs = ({ onClose, storyId }: { onClose?: () => void; storyId
   });
 
   const panelEntries = useMemo(() => Object.entries(panels), [panels]);
+  const activeAddonId = panels[addonSelected] ? addonSelected : panelEntries[0]?.[0];
 
   return (
     <View style={addonsTabsContainerStyle}>
@@ -177,7 +196,7 @@ export const AddonsTabs = ({ onClose, storyId }: { onClose?: () => void; storyId
             return (
               <Tab
                 key={id}
-                active={id === addonSelected}
+                active={id === activeAddonId}
                 onPress={() => setAddonSelected(id)}
                 text={String(resolvedTitle)}
               />
@@ -207,7 +226,7 @@ export const AddonsTabs = ({ onClose, storyId }: { onClose?: () => void; storyId
           </View>
         ) : (
           panelEntries.map(([id, p]) => (
-            <View key={id} style={id === addonSelected ? undefined : hiddenStyle}>
+            <View key={id} style={id === activeAddonId ? undefined : hiddenStyle}>
               <PanelRenderer panel={p} />
             </View>
           ))
diff --git a/packages/react-native-ui/src/MobileMenuDrawer.tsx b/packages/react-native-ui/src/MobileMenuDrawer.tsx
index 6c97a8702c..0116ec3ac0 100644
--- a/packages/react-native-ui/src/MobileMenuDrawer.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-native-ui/src/MobileMenuDrawer.tsx
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import {
   useMemo,
   useRef,
 } from 'react';
-import { Keyboard, Platform } from 'react-native';
+import { Keyboard, Platform, type ViewStyle } from 'react-native';
 import { useAnimatedStyle, useReducedMotion } from 'react-native-reanimated';
 import { useSafeAreaInsets } from 'react-native-safe-area-context';
 import { useSelectedNode } from './SelectedNodeProvider';
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ export const BottomSheetBackdropComponent = (backdropComponentProps: BottomSheet
       pressBehavior={'close'}
       style={[
         backdropComponentProps.style,
-        androidTouchEventFix,
+        androidTouchEventFix as unknown as ViewStyle,
         {
           backgroundColor: 'rgba(0,0,0,0.5)',
           paddingTop: Platform.OS === 'android' ? 1 : undefined,