Use this page when you have a static vehicle model and want HAF to generate the rig and motion: rolling wheels, tracks, a turret/gun, split trails, helicopter rotors, or wave rock. It is the shortest complete route from a raw model to the game. The deeper references remain Editor Tools, Animated Models, and the Factory Manual.
Vehicle Lab does one job: it turns the raw model into a rigged, animated GLB. It does not add a unit entry, build the HAF atlas, build the Humankind mod, or deploy anything to the game. Those happen afterward.
| Stage | Tool | Output / proof |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Classify and rig parts | Tools ▸ HAF ▸ Vehicle Lab |
<name>_Spin.glb plus an optional recipe JSON |
| 2. Configure animation | Tools ▸ HAF ▸ Animation Lab |
Animation settings on the model entry |
| 3. Bake model and atlas | Tools ▸ HAF ▸ Model Factory |
Skeleton, clips, mesh, material, and atlas assets |
| 4. Package and deploy | Humankind Mod Editor or haf build |
Updated mod in Humankind's Community folder |
| 5. Verify | Humankind + F8 | The real runtime model, animation, and shared mesh-budget cost |
Blender must be installed for Vehicle Lab and animated bakes. HAF auto-detects it; use the override in the HAF settings only when detection fails.
Keep an untouched copy of the original model. GLB is the easiest input because it keeps mesh, material, and hierarchy together.
Every independently moving object must be separable geometry. Probe parts can split a combined mesh into disconnected loose pieces, but it cannot infer a boundary through connected topology. If a rotor blade, rotor shaft, and internal motor are one connected piece, split them in a modelling tool first; otherwise they can only receive one role and one bone. The same rule applies to wheels fused into an axle or a gun barrel fused into its carriage.
Do not remove material slots to make rigging easier. Vehicle Lab preserves them; Model Factory needs those slots later to build the atlas.
Second model (optional, collapsible). The Lab can merge a second source (glb/gltf/fbx/obj — .blend cannot merge)
into the same scene before the probe: a figurehead grafted onto a hull, a different sail on a mast, two hulls into a
composite. Its parts arrive with a B_ prefix (both sources typically name parts Object_N) and take roles,
reduce dials and rigging exactly like the first model's. Three placement controls — Offset (in the first model's
units), Rotation (Euler °, X→Y→Z about its own origin), and Scale (uniform — two sources rarely agree on
units; a cm-authored file next to a meter one is 100× off). The Generate log prints the placed B bbox next to
the part list, so alignment is dialed with numbers, not eyeballs. Not available on the source-skeleton fast path.
Watch the combined triangle count against the draw ceiling (section 9).
Two sources rarely agree on exposure either: the Brightness sliders (one per source, default 1) multiply each model's albedo — base-color textures and colors only, never normal/roughness maps — baked into the generated GLB, so the preview, the probe and the Factory atlas all show the same tone. Darken the light one (or lighten the dark one) until the pair reads as one unit. The first-model dial also works without a merge.
- Open
Tools ▸ HAF ▸ Vehicle Lab. - Set Raw model. Leave Output GLB at the suggested
<source>_Spin.glb, or choose another file. - Press Probe parts.
- Open Orientation — straighten the model before tuning axes or tracks. Vehicle Lab expects the vehicle's length along X. Orientation is baked into the generated rig; Model Factory's Rotation is a later whole-model adjustment.
- Use the height/side filters and click a row to zoom and highlight the corresponding part. The Only flat parts slider (0.5.7) is the deck finder: at ~60% only parts whose surface lies mostly level remain — decks, platforms, hatch tops — while masts, plating and rigging vanish; bracket with the height sliders to isolate one deck level. Rows tagged ⟲ (0.5.7) are parts the Fix inside-out faces pass would reverse — shown whether the fix is on or off, so you can see its reach (and Flip-mark exceptions) before generating; the verdict uses the same island scoring Generate runs, so re-Probe after straightening for exact tags.
If the source is already skinned and at least 90% of its vertices are weighted, Vehicle Lab offers Use source skeleton (fast path). In that mode each row is a bone, not an individual mesh shard. Leave it enabled to preserve the artist's pivots and weights; disable it when those weights are the problem or you need shard-level control.
The fast path spins Wheel-marked bones only. Mark any bone that should spin — a helicopter rotor included — as Wheel (fast-path bones spin about their own axis, which is exactly what a rotor bone wants). Rotor / Tail rotor roles, Oar recovery, and Wave rock all need the mesh rig: Generate refuses them on the fast path with the workaround in the warning (since 0.5.6 — before that the rig generated and the marked parts silently didn't move).
Resolve every Default row before generating the rig. Verify reports undecided parts, unexpected wheel clusters, axle disagreement, unpaired wheels, turret outliers, and visible interior geometry.
| Role | Meaning |
|---|---|
Body (B) |
Reviewed, static geometry; weighted to Root. |
Wheel (W) |
Spins about its inferred or selected axle; nearby wheel shards form one hub. Optional Wheel reduce (%) dial (CAD rims are dense for what reads as a spinning disc; runs before clustering). Rolling-contact speed scaling applies only to wheels that reach the ground — a propeller marked Wheel keeps the dialed speed. |
Turret (T) |
Joins the shared Turret bone. |
| Rotor | Main rotor group; fused to one hub and spun about the mast axis. |
Tail rotor (L) |
Tail fan group; fused to one hub with its own lateral axle and trim controls. |
Caterpillar (C) |
Tread loop; enables the path-instanced rigid-link controls. |
Gun (G) |
Barrel assembly on the Gun bone; rides the Turret when one exists. |
| Cradle | Gun support that elevates with the tube but remains fixed during recoil. |
| Muzzle | Muzzle brake/flash-hider; refines the measured muzzle end and follows the tube (Gun, or Barrel when recoil creates that split). |
| Trail | Split-trail arm; receives a body-end hinge and the generated Deploy action. |
Oar (O) |
A galley oar bank — one merged mesh of poles/blades spanning both sides. Split into one bone per oar with a baked rowing stroke. Optional Oar reduce (%) dial (runs before clustering, so bones land on the slim mesh). |
| Sail | Marked canvas. Always exported double-sided, kept out of the inside-out flip, and struck/raised by its own generated Furl clip — hidden at idle, up while moving. Optional Sail reduce (%) dial — every vertex kept ships twice (double-sided), but the first non-zero step already cuts hard on flat canvas, so go gently. |
Rigging (R) |
Rope/line geometry — dense but barely visible at game distance. Reduced at Generate by the Rigging reduce (%) dial, at the source. When sails are marked, rigging rides the Sail bone: struck below the keel with the canvas at idle, raised underway — but single-sided (its own mesh, never doubled with the canvas). Without sails it welds to the hull as before. |
Structure (S) |
Dense detail geometry (railings, a carved bow) — more visible than rigging, so its own usually-gentler Structure reduce (%) dial. |
| Flag | Banners/pennants — the opposite of sails: they fly at anchor and are struck below the keel while the ship moves (one Flag bone, held flipped through Spin). Double-sided. On a land unit the same strike makes the part disappear into the terrain while moving (a TOW's tripod); tick Fold mode in the Deploy section to fold it at its top hinge instead — see Flag fold below. |
| Rudder | Double-sided and always visible, winding kept — for slabs the inside-out test cannot decide (a half-inverted rudder scores ~0; no flip can repair it). No bone, no clip. |
| Preserve | Shipped as authored: never winding-flipped, never doubled (not even under the global Double-sided switch). Its Preserve reduce (%) dial (default 0 = byte-identical, the original promise) can opt reduction in. For parts every automatic pass keeps getting wrong. |
Flip (F) |
Winding reversed once at export, applied on top of the inside-out fix — an XOR per island: islands the fix flipped land back on their authored winding, and with the fix off (or on islands the fix left alone) the mark alone reverses them. A part whose islands got mixed fix verdicts can't be fully repaired by Flip — split it in the Workshop, or use Rudder (double-sided) there. Own Flip reduce (%) dial. Mesh rig only (the fast path refuses it loudly). |
| Detail | A plain reduction tier of its own (Detail reduce (%)) for ornament/trim geometry that wants a dial between Structure and Body. No exemptions — the winding fix and doubling treat it like Body. |
Ignore (I) |
Deleted from the generated GLB. Use for genuinely invisible internals or unwanted variants. |
Default / Edgecase (D / E) |
Root-weighted review markers: undecided, or deliberately parked for another pass. Default has its own catch-all dial, Default reduce (%) — everything you never marked, cut in one move like Body. |
The Visibility filter can isolate parts that escape-ray probing found fully enclosed. It is conservative: anything visible through an opening counts as external. Review interior parts before marking them Ignore.
For ordinary wheels, leave Axle axis = Auto, Spin frames = 15, and start with one full turn. If the wheels roll backward, reverse the sign of Spin degrees. Tracks, trails, gun deployment/recoil, rotors, and wave rock reveal their own controls only when the corresponding roles are present.
For a helicopter:
- assign the blade disc and its moving hub/shaft to Rotor, but keep a stationary mast or engine housing as Body;
- assign the tail blades and their moving hub to Tail rotor;
- use Tail-rotor axle and yaw/pitch trim only when Auto does not keep the fan flat in its ring;
- judge the rotation plane with Pause and frame-step, not from one still frame.
Double-sided (fix see-through parts). The game culls backfaces, so a single-sided / CAD-style source (thin wheel spokes, flat plates, an open frame) renders see-through from the wrong angle. Tick Double-sided and the rig export appends a reversed copy of every face to the Spin GLB — genuinely two-sided geometry, nudged slightly inward so it never reads as ~50% transparent, with the skin weights carried onto the new faces. Because the fix is in the exported GLB, it just works in every preview (this turntable, the Model Factory, the Animation Lab) and in-game — no Model Factory option is involved (that checkbox was removed). It doubles the triangle count; the Model Factory's Reduce to ~tris still caps the shipped mesh, so lower that if you are near the vertex budget. Leave it off for models that are already solid.
Fix inside-out faces. Some sources ship with part of their winding inverted — from outside you see through the near hull wall while the far wall's interior renders. Tick this and at export the islands that provably face the hull's interior (inverted side planking, judged against an axis through the hull belly) are reversed — the cheap, no-extra-triangles fix. Everything the test cannot call decisively keeps the artist's winding, as do marked Sail and Oar meshes. Do not expect it to fix sails or flags: no flip can show both sides of a sheet — mark those Sail instead. (A blunt whole-model recalc, and then a sheet-detection heuristic, were both tried and rejected: each flipped or missed authored surfaces; explicit marking wins.) Global Double-sided remains for models that need both sides everywhere; when combined, this fix runs first.
Sails. Mark the canvas Sail (dropdown; S marks Structure). All sail parts weld to one Sail bone and are always exported
double-sided — canvas must read from both tacks — with the artist's winding untouched. The rig also authors a
separate Furl clip whose frame 1 flips the canvas 180° below the keel (rotation-only — the same
Deploy-proven stance mechanism the trails use; an earlier translation-based strike fought the converter's
rest-fold and location-strip and shipped misplaced). Use it as a stance, never as an animation to play: the
clip format has no visibility or alpha, so out-of-sight is the disappear, and the clean on/off comes from never
playing the move. Assign after baking: Idle/reference = Furl[0..0] (frame 0 of Furl is always the fully
DEPLOYED state, and the reference clip's frame 0 becomes the model's REST — never reference Spin[0..0] on a
rig with flags or sails: Spin holds its strike on every frame, so the hidden pose would bake into the rest
skeleton, and on a land unit Auto-ground then lifts the whole model by the struck part's depth — the sky-floating
TOW, 2026-09-12) · Idle stance (override) = Furl[1..1] (a ship under oars, no canvas) · Movement = Spin
(sails up) · After-move and Pre-move empty — the state change swaps the pose in one tick. Keep bone
translations can stay OFF: the strike is pure rotation.
Fold sail at idle (checkbox under the sails notice) swaps the strike for the vanilla ships' look: instead of
vanishing below the keel, the idle canvas curls up to the yard — a hand-close roll on a generated
Sail → SailF1 → SailF2 → SailF3 fold chain, the canvas band-skinned in height quarters and every fold
joint bending the same way, like fingers closing onto a palm (the top band). At the default 270° total each
joint bends 90°: the canvas's foot lands at the beam, tucked against the yard in a C-shaped roll — the way
a brailed sail actually gathers, and the gather moves like a hand closing. Still pure rotation (per-bone
scale is the pipeline's known trap — deploy_convert strips it for a reason). Rigging keeps standing — it
rides the root Sail bone, which holds. Three controls: Fold frames (default 12) spans the gather over
real frames, Curl (default 270° total) sets how far the roll closes — less = a looser, more open curl —
and Reverse curl direction mirrors the roll to the other side of the sail plane (which way is "backwards"
depends on the source model's facing; the reverse direction curls against the billow camber and bundles a
little looser). A fourth control, Sag (gravity), drapes the folded roll: gravity pulls each cloth segment
toward hanging vertical, squashing the roll's horizontal spread — 0 = the free zero-g curl, 0.5 ≈ half the
protruding width, 1 = hangs flat (and slightly lower, as drooping cloth does). The bands' authored billow
camber survives (rotations can't flatten a curved sheet), so the last of the fore-aft depth is set by the
source canvas.
With frames, the fold is the deployment mechanic applied to canvas — assign like the split-trail gun:
Idle/reference = Furl[0..0] (deployed — see the reference rule above) · Idle stance (override) = Furl[N..N]
(held folded) · Movement = Spin (sails up) · Pre-move = Furl[N..0] (the canvas lets out as the ship gets
under way) · After-move = Furl[0..N] (it gathers on arrival) — or leave Pre/After empty for a one-tick
swap. Not available on the source-skeleton fast path (the fold needs generated bones and band skinning);
regenerate and rebake to apply.
Flag fold (land units) (2026-09-12, the TOW launcher's tripod). A Flag-marked part defaults to the
ships' naval strike: deployed at idle, mirrored below the keel while moving — which on land means it
disappears into the terrain (the clip format has no visibility channel; out-of-sight is the disappear).
Assign that default as: Idle/reference = Furl[0..0] (deployed) · Movement = Spin (struck) · Pre/After
empty — or just press Auto-detect, which recognizes the flag/sail rig. When you'd rather see the part
stow than vanish, tick Fold mode (instead of the naval strike) in the Deploy section: the Flag bone's
hinge moves to the top of the flag geometry (where a tripod meets its launcher) and the Furl clip plays
a fold by the dialed angle (−175..175°, ~100° tucks a tripod against its mount; negative folds the other way)
over the Flag fold frames. Assign like any deploy: Idle/reference = Furl[0..0] · Movement = Spin (holds
the folded pose) · Pre-move = Furl[0..N] (folds — the unit waits for it) · After-move = Furl[N..0]
(redeploys on arrival). Angle 0 in fold mode means the part simply stays deployed while moving — never
struck. Fold mode is not available on the source-skeleton fast path.
Oars (galley rowing). A galley's oars usually arrive as a few merged meshes — all the poles in one, all the
blades in another (often split front/back) — each mesh holding every oar across both banks. Mark those meshes
Oar (O). Unlike any other role, one marked mesh becomes many bones: the rig recovers each individual oar
(by projecting the geometry onto the plane perpendicular to the common pole direction, where each oar separates
cleanly), gives it a bone at its oarlock, and bakes a unison rowing stroke into Spin — a fore-aft Sweep about
the oarlock plus a phase-locked Dip (blades drop into the water on the aft drive, lift clear on the recovery). It
adds one bone per oar (~60 on a full galley), well within the skeleton budget. Tune Sweep, Dip, and Stroke
frames while watching the preview loop — the believable-from-a-distance amplitudes are a judgement made on the
moving turntable, not a still frame. If the ship rows backwards (blades push water toward the bow while in the
water), make Sweep negative — the same sign convention as Spin degrees for wheels that roll the wrong way. If the blades knife through the water edge-on instead of scooping, the source
models them feathered — set Blade roll (deg) (typically 90) to spin each oar about its own long axis in the
rest geometry; the cylindrical pole shows no change, only the blade face squares to the water. The oars row
whenever the movement clip plays; no Model Factory option is
involved. Marked oar meshes keep their authored winding: blades usually ship as front/back sheet pairs (already
two-sided by construction), so the Fix inside-out faces recalc skips them — recalculating an open sheet picks
an arbitrary side and culls half the blades. The rest of the model follows the Double-sided / inside-out checkboxes. For a rigged source, turn off Use source skeleton (fast path) first: oar recovery needs the merged mesh
geometry, not the source skeleton's bone rows. If wheel spin or wave rock requests a longer Spin clip, Stroke frames
is treated as the preferred period and the nearest whole number of strokes is fitted across the shared clip so it
loops without a pause or snap.
Press Verify, resolve meaningful warnings, optionally Save recipe, then press Generate rig. The output path is copied to the clipboard and the generated animation appears in the preview. Re-run Generate rig after changing any role, orientation, axle, or motion control; Animation Lab otherwise keeps using the older GLB on disk.
| Surface | Trust it for | Do not trust it for |
|---|---|---|
| Vehicle Lab preview | Part grouping, pivots, axes, rotation direction, generated clips | Final HAF atlas or in-game material appearance. Checker deliberately replaces materials. |
| Model Factory post-Bake preview | Baked geometry and atlas mapping/material boundaries | Final lighting, gloss, or exact in-game colour. It uses editor lighting. |
Exported <name>_Atlas PNG |
The actual packed pixels | Whether the runtime shader and donor presentation look right. |
| Humankind | Final model, materials, animation, scale, donor effects, and performance | Nothing downstream remains; this is authoritative. |
In Model Factory, select or create the unit entry, set Model file to the generated GLB, and open Animation Lab. Press Auto-detect settings from the model, then review what it chose.
For wheels/tracks, the expected recipe is:
- State-driven ON
- Idle/reference:
Spin[0..0] - Movement:
Spin - Convert raw rig ON
- Fix 100× OFF
- Auto-ground ON
- Keep bone translations ON
For a rig with flags or sails (a Furl clip exists), Auto-detect fills Idle/reference = Furl[0..0]
instead — the deployed frame; Spin[0..0] would bake the struck/folded pose into the rest skeleton and
Auto-ground would sky-lift a land unit (see Flags / Flag fold in §4). Add the Idle-stance/Pre/After clips
from the Lab's printed recipe by hand — Auto-detect leaves them empty.
For rotorcraft, override the generic Spin detection with the recipe Vehicle Lab prints:
- State-driven OFF — rotors spin continuously
- Clip/reference: full
Spin - Convert raw rig ON
- Fix 100× OFF
- Auto-ground OFF — it is a flyer
- Keep bone translations ON
Set Size and the target pawn in Model Factory. A donor with no unwanted animated parts is simplest.
For an animated multi-material vehicle, make the first bake a control:
- Material mode = Auto (or Multi)
- Reduce to ~tris = 0
- Keep black ON when black cockpit, glass, tyre, or shadow materials are intentional
If that is correct, lower the triangle ceiling gradually and re-bake after each change. Reduce to ~tris is a triangle
ceiling, not a vertex target. Animated decimation changes topology before atlas remapping, so a small threshold change
can alter the result; one rotorcraft mapped incorrectly at 20,000 and correctly at 24,000. Use the lowest value you have
actually verified, then check the bake's verts= count and F8's shared pawn-buffer readout.
After Bake, rebuild and deploy the Humankind mod. A correct editor preview does not update the bundle already loaded
by the game. Launch Humankind, enable the mod, load the target unit, and use F8 plus
BepInEx/LogOutput.log when the runtime result differs.
The engine draws at most 16,320 quads per draw fragment (255 sub-particles × 64 primitives, a hard 8-bit
field) and the overrun is silent: the mesh stores fully, but whatever baked last — masts, rigging, sails —
simply never renders in-game, with no error anywhere. Every preview shows the full model; only the game clips.
Since 0.5.7 a static bake over the ceiling can split itself — opt-in via the Factory entry's
"Multi-fragment split (over-ceiling bake)" checkbox (default off: extra fragments are extra draw work, so
this is a conscious per-model choice; unchecked keeps the classic warn-and-clip). When enabled, the Factory
partitions the mesh into spatial chunks (…_ModelMesh, …_ModelMesh_B, …), each under the budget, and the
plugin draws every overflow chunk as its own fragment on the same unit — the engine-native way past the
ceiling, the same mechanism vanilla's detailed multi-fragment units use. The BAKED MESH console line reports
each chunk (fits (N to spare)), the split is logged as split into K meshes, and a budget warning
(console + dialog) states the total — "N quads across K fragments, K.K× the normal per-unit budget" — so the
cost stays visible even though every chunk fits. The plugin logs [Uni][Multi] … chunk … encoded per chunk at
load. The dial guidance below still matters — fewer triangles are still cheaper. (Animated bakes don't split:
their ceiling remains hard — keep them under 16,320 quads.)
The plugin also logs a [Uni][BUDGET] audit line per injected unit at load, catching units baked before the
check existed.
A 395k-vertex source (a fully rigged galley: 64+ oars, sails, flags, rigging) fits under that ceiling at full visual quality with this workflow — delete and cut per role at the source, so the Factory's blind global reduction never has to choose what survives:
- Amputate before you diet. Open the source in the Model Splitter (
Tools ▸ HAF ▸ Model Splitter): Probe lists every part's disconnected-island count; split the parts hiding floating junk (the merge-distance slider keeps segmented ropes and trim lines whole — only genuinely distant debris separates); then, in the Vehicle Lab, mark the junk Ignore. Deleting invisible geometry is free quality — on the galley this removed three quarters of the raw source before any reduction ran. And when one CONNECTED part spans two roles (a hull welded to its deck), select its row and Plane cut it in two — flat slice or by surface orientation (Horizontal surfaces: deck vs bow plating) — the yellow/grey preview shows exactly which triangles land in_CutA/_CutB, and each half then takes its own role and reduce dial. - Cut where nobody looks, spare the silhouette. In Vertices control, set the per-role reduce dials by visibility, not uniformly: Rigging 85–90 (ropes read as lines at game distance), Structure ~80, Body and Default (the catch-all for everything still unmarked) to taste — but keep Oar around 40 and Sail at or below 50: blades and canvas are the unit's identity, and thin sheets are what decimation destroys first (half-blades and tattered sails read worse than fewer ropes). Cutting a rope past ~90 leaves floating dash fragments — lower the dial or Ignore the part outright. Every tier but Rigging welds the model's seams before it collapses (0.5.7), so a hull reduces as one surface instead of cracking along every plate; the dial counts the welded vertices, which the log reports per part. The weld stays within each material, so painted borders (a boot-topping stripe, plating rows, portholes) keep their lines instead of smearing into the neighbouring plate.
- Read the projection before generating. Verify now ends with per-role vertex statistics and the post-dial projection. Aim the generated GLB below roughly 30k triangles: then the Factory bakes with Reduce to ~tris = 0 — no global decimation at all — and still fits the ceiling.
- Trust the bake line, not the previews. After Bake, the console's
BAKED MESHline is the verdict. If it says OVER, lower dials or Ignore more; do not ship it — the missing geometry will be exactly the parts you care about, and the game will not tell you. - The escape hatches for stubborn parts. A surface see-through from one side (mirrored halves import with inverted winding; bow/stern-facing surfaces sit in the inside-out fix's deliberate blind spot; artists leave backfaces behind occluders you may Ignore away) → mark it Rudder (always double-sided, winding-proof). A part every automatic pass keeps damaging → Preserve (shipped byte-identical). Sail-attached fittings must be marked Sail or they hang in mid-air when the canvas strikes; mast fittings stay Structure.
- Re-point, don't re-classify. When a Workshop split (or any re-export) produces a new GLB: load the
recipe, Browse to the new file (marked roles are kept), Probe (roles re-apply by part name — only the
new
_Part_NNNrows need marking), Save. Every Save keeps a.bak~of what it overwrites.
Beyond the single-fragment ceiling, the engine-native path is multiple meshes per unit (each with its own 16,320 budget, as vanilla's detailed units do) — since 0.5.7 the static bake path offers this via the opt-in Multi-fragment split checkbox (see the top of this section); the animated path does not.
| Symptom | First check |
|---|---|
| Rotor/shaft cannot be assigned separately | They are connected topology. Split the moving piece in the source, then Probe again. |
| Generated animation still uses old roles or axes | Press Generate rig again before re-baking. |
| Checker/missing texture in Vehicle Lab | Expected rigging preview; inspect the post-Bake Factory preview and atlas. |
| Whole model takes one material or becomes uniformly dark | Use Material mode Auto/Multi; Single collapses everything to slot 0. Control-bake with reduction 0. |
| Black cockpit becomes grey | Turn on Keep black and re-bake. |
| Materials work at reduction 0 but break when reduced | Raise the triangle ceiling until mapping is stable. |
| Tail rotor spins in the wrong plane | Adjust Tail-rotor axle/trim, then Generate rig again. |
| Wheels spin while parked or stay still while moving | Review the state-driven wheel recipe and Spin[0..0]/Spin roles. |
| A flat animated donor rotor remains over your real rotor | In Model Factory's Runtime section enable Silence donor VFX (flashes), Save settings, and relaunch. This suppresses donor VFX; it does not remove donor mesh geometry. |
| First borrowed donor rotor sits too low | Respawn after load is only for models borrowing a donor's animated rotor, not models using their own generated rotor bones. |
For deeper diagnosis, continue with Textures, Animation Pitfalls, or Donor Clip Flight.