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<h1 class="title is-size-3 is-size-4-mobile has-text-weight-normal">
一起学java之Java语言程序结构
</h1>
<div class="content">
<p>前言: 程序想要完成更加强大的功能,只有流线型的顺序结构是不行的. 程序存在 顺序结构, 分支结构, 循环结构 这三种结构! </p>
<a id="more"></a>
<h5 id="结构简介"><a href="#结构简介" class="headerlink" title="结构简介"></a>结构简介</h5><p>1.顺序结构:按顺序执行 </p>
<p>2.分支结构(如图): </p>
<p><img src="/images/branch_structure.png" alt></p>
<p>3.循环结构(如图):</p>
<p><img src="/images/xunhuan.png" alt></p>
<h5 id="选择结构-if语句"><a href="#选择结构-if语句" class="headerlink" title="选择结构:if语句"></a>选择结构:if语句</h5><p>1.语法: </p>
<figure class="highlight plain hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">if(条件表达式){ </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">执行代码; </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>2.结构: </p>
<p><img src="/images/if_structure.png" alt></p>
<p>3.当条件表达式为真的时候,执行{}中的代码</p>
<p>4.当执行代码只有一句时,可以省略{} </p>
<h5 id="选择结构-If-else和if-else-if-else"><a href="#选择结构-If-else和if-else-if-else" class="headerlink" title="选择结构:If-else和if-else if-else"></a>选择结构:If-else和if-else if-else</h5><p>1.语法:</p>
<figure class="highlight plain hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">if(条件表达式){ </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">执行代码A; </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}else{ </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">执行代码B; </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plain hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">if(条件表达式1){ </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">执行代码A; </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}else if(条件表达式2){ </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">执行代码B; </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}else{ </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">执行代码C; </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>2.结构 </p>
<p><img src="/images/if_else_structure.png" alt><br><img src="/images/if_else_if_structure.png" alt></p>
<p>3.注意</p>
<ul>
<li>注意代码的结构,做好缩进可以更容易的看出if,else的对应关系 </li>
<li>if语句可以嵌套 </li>
</ul>
<p>4.例子 如何判断是否为闰年 </p>
<ul>
<li>逻辑:整百的年份可以被400整除,为闰年,否则不是,其他年份被4整除为闰年,否则不是</li>
<li>代码演示:</li>
</ul>
<div align="center"></div>
<h5 id="选择结构-三元表达式"><a href="#选择结构-三元表达式" class="headerlink" title="选择结构: 三元表达式"></a>选择结构: 三元表达式</h5><p>1.语法格式: </p>
<figure class="highlight plain hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">(关系或者逻辑表达式)? 成立时的返回值:不成立时的返回值;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>2.例子 简化后判断是否为闰年</p>
<div align="center"></div>
<p>3.注意: 虽然能简化代码,但是会提高代码的阅读难度,不建在复杂逻辑中议使用.</p>
<h5 id="选择结构-switch-case"><a href="#选择结构-switch-case" class="headerlink" title="选择结构:switch-case"></a>选择结构:switch-case</h5><p>1.语法: </p>
<figure class="highlight plain hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">switch(表达式)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> case 值A:</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> 代码段A;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> break;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> case 值B:</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> 代码段B;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> break;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> default:</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> 代码段F;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>2.注意:</p>
<ul>
<li>表达式的值会与case子句中的值比较,如果相等则执行子句中的代码段,知道遇到break为止 </li>
<li>如果代码段中不写break,会执行后续case子句中的代码,即代码穿透现象 </li>
<li>如果没有case子句中的值与表达式的值相等,则执行default子句中的代码,default子句类似于else的作用 </li>
</ul>
<h5 id="循环结构-while循环"><a href="#循环结构-while循环" class="headerlink" title="循环结构:while循环"></a>循环结构:while循环</h5><p>1.语法: </p>
<figure class="highlight plain hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">while(循环条件){ </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">执行代码块.称之为"循环体"; </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>2.while循环的结构 </p>
<p><img src="/images/while_structure.png" alt></p>
<p>3.while循环的执行顺序 :</p>
<ul>
<li>程序进入循环前,首先判断循环条件是否为true</li>
<li>如果循环条件为true,执行循环体中的代码,之后返回步骤1</li>
<li>如果循环条件为false,跳过循环体执行后面的代码 </li>
</ul>
<p>4.注意:</p>
<ul>
<li>循环条件是一个boolean类型的表达式,决定了什么条件下执行循环,什么条件下不执行循环 </li>
<li>为了避免死循环,一定会有循环变量,循环变量参与循环条件的判断,并且循环变量的值会在循环体内发生改变 </li>
</ul>
<h5 id="循环结构-do-while循环"><a href="#循环结构-do-while循环" class="headerlink" title="循环结构:do-while循环"></a>循环结构:do-while循环</h5><p>1.语法:</p>
<figure class="highlight plain hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">do{ </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">//执行代码; </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}while(循环条件)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>2.结构</p>
<p><img src="/images/do_while_structure.png" alt></p>
<p>3.do-while循环的执行顺序 </p>
<ul>
<li>执行循环体 </li>
<li>判断循环条件 </li>
<li>如果循环条件为true,返回步骤1 </li>
<li>如果循环条件为false,结束循环,执行后面的代码 </li>
</ul>
<p>4.注意: </p>
<ul>
<li>while循环中,首先判断循环条件,之后执行循环体;do-while循环中,先执行一次循环体,再判断循环条件 </li>
<li>do-while循环的循环体至少会被执行一次 </li>
<li>循环结构和分支结构可以嵌套,嵌套时注意大括号”{}”的匹配 </li>
</ul>
<h5 id="循环结构-for循环"><a href="#循环结构-for循环" class="headerlink" title="循环结构:for循环"></a>循环结构:for循环</h5><p>1.语法:</p>
<figure class="highlight plain hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">for(表达式1; 表达式2; 表达式3){ </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">//循环体 </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>2.结构</p>
<p><img src="/images/for_structure.png" alt></p>
<p>3.for循环执行顺序 </p>
<ul>
<li>3.1.执行初始化部分 </li>
<li>3.2.进行循环条件判断 </li>
<li>3.3.根据循环条件判断结果,决定是否执行循环 </li>
<li>3.4.执行迭代部分.改变循环变量的值 </li>
<li>3.5.重复2,3,4部分,直至循环条件不成立 </li>
</ul>
<p>4.注意: </p>
<ul>
<li>不要出现死循环 </li>
<li>一般的,循环次数确定的可以选择for循环,循环次数不确定可以选择while循环 </li>
<li>for循环,do循环,do-while循环,分支选择语句可以相互嵌套 </li>
</ul>
<h5 id="跳转语句break和continue"><a href="#跳转语句break和continue" class="headerlink" title="跳转语句break和continue"></a>跳转语句break和continue</h5><p>1.break:如果在循环体中遇到break语句,会立刻跳出当前循环,继续执行后面的代码 </p>
<p>2.continue:如果在循环体中遇到continue语句,会立刻跳出本次循环,执行下一次循环 </p>
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<li><strong>本文标题：</strong><a href="https://blog.visutech.cn/5002.html">一起学java之Java语言程序结构</a></li>
<li><strong>本文作者：</strong><a href="https://blog.visutech.cn">程振奇 | smallodd</a></li>
<li><strong>本文链接：</strong><a href="https://blog.visutech.cn/5002.html">https://blog.visutech.cn/5002.html</a></li>
<li><strong>发布时间：</strong>2013-07-09</li>
<li><strong>版权声明：</strong>本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.zh" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明出处！
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