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<h1 class="title is-size-3 is-size-4-mobile has-text-weight-normal">
一起学java之I/O简介
</h1>
<div class="content">
<h4 id="前言"><a href="#前言" class="headerlink" title="前言"></a>前言</h4><p>Java的核心库java.io提供了全面的IO接口。包括：文件读写、标准设备输出等。Java中IO是以流为基础进行输入输出的，所有数据被串行化写入输出流，或者从输入流读入。</p>
<a id="more"></a>
<h4 id="File文件操作"><a href="#File文件操作" class="headerlink" title="File文件操作"></a>File文件操作</h4><p>1.Java如何描述文件系统:File类 </p>
<p>2.File类中常用的方法: </p>
<p><img src="/images/20191017095307.png" alt></p>
<p>3.方法举例 </p>
<p><img src="/images/20191017095417.png" alt></p>
<p><img src="/images/20191017095449.png" alt></p>
<h4 id="IO流结构"><a href="#IO流结构" class="headerlink" title="IO流结构"></a>IO流结构</h4><p>1.IO流的用途,进行文件等的读写操作 </p>
<p>2.IO流的概念:流可以理解为连续的数据 </p>
<p>3.IO流的分类: </p>
<ul>
<li>输入流和输出流 </li>
<li>文件操作流和内存操作流等 </li>
<li>字节操作流和字符操作流等 </li>
</ul>
<p>4.结构图 </p>
<p><img src="/images/20191017095707.png" alt></p>
<p>5.一般来说,IO流的后缀有InputStream,OutputStream,Reader,Writer四种,分别代表字节输入流,字节输出流,字符输入流,字符输出流,前缀则代表了流的操作对象 </p>
<p>6.在对文件的读写操作中,字节流可以读写二进制文件,字符流用来读写文本文件. </p>
<ul>
<li>所谓二进制文件,指文件无字符编码格式,均由字节(Byte)组成,图片文件,word文档等均为二进制文件 </li>
<li>文本文件,是一种特殊的二进制文件,也由字符组成,但需要通过特定的字符编码格式读取或写入,否则会出现乱码,可以用记事本打开的文件都是文本文件 </li>
</ul>
<h4 id="使用字节流读取文件"><a href="#使用字节流读取文件" class="headerlink" title="使用字节流读取文件"></a>使用字节流读取文件</h4><p>1.使用FileInputStream </p>
<ul>
<li><p>步骤: </p>
<ul>
<li>打开文件 </li>
<li>按字节流读取文件 </li>
<li>关闭文件 </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>举例 </p>
<ul>
<li><p>例1 </p>
<p><img src="/images/20191023135454.png" alt></p>
</li>
<li><p>注意: </p>
<ul>
<li>read方法返回一个-1到255之间的一个整数,即一个字节,如果返回-1说明读到了文件尾 </li>
<li>如果1.txt中为英文,可以在控制台显示,如果1.txt中有中文的话,控制台就会出现乱码,可见字节流在读取文本文件时的不足 </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>例2 </p>
<p><img src="/images/20191023135647.png" alt></p>
<ul>
<li>注意:FileInputStream效率较低,BufferedInputStream效率较高 </li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="使用字节流写文件"><a href="#使用字节流写文件" class="headerlink" title="使用字节流写文件"></a>使用字节流写文件</h4><p>1.使用OutputStream </p>
<ul>
<li><p>步骤:开发文件,输出,关闭文件 </p>
</li>
<li><p>举例 </p>
<ul>
<li><p>例1 </p>
<p><img src="/images/20191023135928.png" alt></p>
<ul>
<li>注意:写入的是ASCII码值,文件不存在时会自动创建文件 </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>例2 </p>
<p><img src="/images/20191023140023.png" alt></p>
<ul>
<li>注意:FileOutputStream也存在性能问题,可以和BufferedOutputStream配合使用 </li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="文件拷贝"><a href="#文件拷贝" class="headerlink" title="文件拷贝"></a>文件拷贝</h4><p>1.举例: </p>
<p><img src="/images/20191023140128.png" alt></p>
<h4 id="使用字符流读写文件"><a href="#使用字符流读写文件" class="headerlink" title="使用字符流读写文件"></a>使用字符流读写文件</h4><p>1.字符流的操作方法和字节流基本相同,字符流会根据当前的操作系统与语言环境选择适当的字符编码格式读写文件,适合读取文本文件,因为字符流会对文件内容进行编码,所以不适合用于读取二进制文件. </p>
<p>2.举例 </p>
<ul>
<li>例1 </li>
</ul>
<p><img src="/images/20191023140233.png" alt></p>
<p>例2 </p>
<p><img src="/images/20191023140306.png" alt></p>
<ul>
<li>注意:BufferedWriter提供了输出整行字符串的方法,需注意换行时使用newLine方法,而不是输出一个”\n” </li>
</ul>
<h4 id="使用其他常用流"><a href="#使用其他常用流" class="headerlink" title="使用其他常用流"></a>使用其他常用流</h4><p>1.对象输入输出流,ObjectInputStream和ObjectOutputStream能够针对对象进行读写操作 </p>
<ul>
<li>举例: </li>
</ul>
<p><img src="/images/20191023140410.png" alt></p>
<p><img src="/images/20191023140445.png" alt></p>
<ul>
<li>注意: <ul>
<li>类必须实现java.io.Serializable接口才能将实例转换为流操作 </li>
<li>通过writeObject方法可以将实现了序列化接口的类实例写入流中 </li>
<li>通过readObject方法可以从流中将实现了序列化接口的类实例读取出来 </li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>2.字节输入输出流:InputStreamReader和OutputStreamReader能够通过制定的编码格式将字节流转换为字符流,并进行读写操作 </p>
<ul>
<li>举例: </li>
</ul>
<p><img src="/images/20191023140540.png" alt></p>
<h4 id="Properties类应用"><a href="#Properties类应用" class="headerlink" title="Properties类应用"></a>Properties类应用</h4><p>1.Properties是什么? </p>
<ul>
<li>java提供了Properties类简化配置文件的读写操作,Properties与HashMap相似,属于Map集合,适合读写键值对形式的配置文件 </li>
<li>Properties中提供了load和store两个方法,方便从文件中读写集合的内容 </li>
</ul>
<p>举例: </p>
<p><img src="/images/20191023140651.png" alt></p>
</div>
<ul class="post-copyright">
<li><strong>本文标题：</strong><a href="https://blog.visutech.cn/1725226475.html">一起学java之I/O简介</a></li>
<li><strong>本文作者：</strong><a href="https://blog.visutech.cn">程振奇 | smallodd</a></li>
<li><strong>本文链接：</strong><a href="https://blog.visutech.cn/1725226475.html">https://blog.visutech.cn/1725226475.html</a></li>
<li><strong>发布时间：</strong>2013-07-17</li>
<li><strong>版权声明：</strong>本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.zh" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明出处！
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