vim.md

Vim

move

hjkl: left, down, up, right

• word

  • w: beginning of next
  • b: beginning
  • e: end

• line

  • O or ^: beginning (I to insert)
  • $: end (A to insert)
  • :n or nG: jump to line n

• document

  • gg: beginning
  • G: end

• page

  • CTRL-F: forward
  • CTRL-B: backward

delete

• x: character (nx to delete n characters)

• dw: word

• dd: line (ndd to delete n lines from current position)

• delete n line(s)

  • dnk: above
  • dnj: below

• delete current line to

  • D or d$: end
  • d0 or d^: beginning

• delete from document to

  • dgg: start
  • dG: end
  • dnG: line number n

• vim-surround

  • csw" or viwS": surround word with quotes (repeat on next word: W.)
  • csw<strong> or vS<strong>: add html tags around word
  • cs'": change surrounding quote to single quote
  • ds": delete surrounding quotation
  • dst: delete surrounding tag

• other

  • di": delete inside double quotation marks
  • d/c: delete until next character c on any line
  • :g/pattern/d: delete lines matching pattern
  • :g/pattern then :v//d: delete lines not matching pattern

search

• /pattern and ?pattern: forward/backward for pattern

• n and N: move to next/previous occurrence of search pattern

• *: if already on word on screen, hit the * key to search for next occurrence of whole word

• pattern1\|pattern2\|pattern3: find any of the patterns

• after searching for word, use :%s//new/g to change all occurrences to 'new', or :g/ to list all lines containing the word.

• :set hlsearch and :noh: enable highlighting of all searches and turn off highlighting

• search & replace

  • :s/, /\r&/g: replace all , on current line with a new line
  • :%s/ \+/,/g: replace all whitespace with single comma
  • :%s/cat/dog/ig: replace everything, case insensitive
  • :%s/$/foo/g: add foo to the end of each line
  • :5,12s/foo/bar/g: replace foo with bar globally between lines 5 and 12
  • :%s/\s*\w\+\s*$//: delete last word of each line
  • /\v<[A-Z]+> & :%s//\r&/g: find all capital words and create a newline after match
  • :g/\w$/ s/$/,/: find all lines that end with \w and append a comma

search directory (silver searcher with ag.vim)

• ,a [options] {pattern} [{directory}]: search code across files in directory
• ,a flask -l -i -G py: list matching filenames for flask, case insensitive, in filenames that contain py

jumping

• fc: search forward on current line to character c (dfc: delete)
• Fc: search backward on current line to character c (dFc: delete)
• tc: search forward on current line to character before character c (dtc: delete)
• Tc: search backward on current line to character after character c (dTc: delete)

visual mode

• v - select by characters

• V - select by lines

• preprend multiple lines

  • CTRL-v, highlight lines, Shift-I to insert at beginning of block, press Esc

• visual select

  • >>: indent the text right by shiftwidth
  • <<: indent the text left by shiftwidth
  • y: "yank" the text into the paste buffer

• visual insert

  • CTRL V (select column), Shift i (type text to insert), Esc: insert text in multi-line selection

• paste output from stdout into vim

  • type valid shell/python/R command in vim, visually select all lines, and enter :!python, or :!bash, or :!R --vanilla

• maximum awesome features

  • vii/vai visually select in or around the cursor's indent
  • Vp/vp replaces visual selection with default register without yanking selected text (works with any visual selection)

new line

• o: start a new line below
• O: start a new line above

clipboard

# in .vimrc.local (http://evertpot.com/osx-tmux-vim-copy-paste-clipboard/)
set clipboard=unnamed

• y: copy/yank
• p: paste

or

• :w !pbcopy: copy (after visual selection)
• :r !pbpaste: paste

yank

• yy: yank (cut) the current line and put it in buffer

• Nyy: yank (cut) N lines and put it in buffer

• :g/pattern/y A: yank all matching lines in one buffer

• after searching for a pattern, copy only the text that matches, where a is any register (see CopyMatches)

  :let @a = ''
  :CopyMatches a
  

paste

• p: paste at the current position the yanked line or lines from the buffer

switching case

• gU: uppercase "HellO" to "HELLO"
• gu: lowercase "HellO" to "hello"

undo/redo

• u: undo the previous operation
• CTRL-r: redo changes which were undone (undo the undos)

commenting

• gcc toggles current line comment
• gc toggles visual selection comment lines

sorting

• :1,10sort: sort lines 1 through 10
• visual select + :sort: sort selected lines

tabs

• :tabe {file}; edit file in new tab
• :tabfind {file}: search path to find and open file in new tab
• :args *.py | :tab all: open multiple files in new tabs
• gt: go to next tab
• gT: go to previous tab
• CTRL-w SHIFT-t: move pane to tab

run external commands

• :!ls: shows file list in directory
• r:!ls: copies the above command into vim window

recording

• q <letter>: records everything you type (q again ends recording)
• @ <letter>: replays recording
• q a + <your edit> + ESC + j h q, use with @ a: repeat command on multiple lines
  • explanation: q a starts recording macro to register a, perform edit, exit insert mode, j moves down one line, q ends recording)

add vertical line at 80 characters

• :set colorcolumn=80

windows

• CTRL-w R: rotate windows up/left
• CTRL-w r: rotate windows down/right
• CTRL-w L: move current window to the far right
• CTRL-w H: move current window to the far left
• CTRL-w J: move current window to the very bottom
• CTRL-w K: move current window to the very top

exit

• :qa: close all tabs/windows
• :wqa: close and save all tabs/windows

multiple files

• :sp open new file in horizontal split

• :vsp open new file in vertical split

• vim -p *: open multiple files in tabs

• vim -o *: open multiple files stacked

• vim -O *: open multiple files side by side

• move between multiple windows

  • CTRL-w + arrow / CTRL-w + w: move between windows
  • CTRL-w t + CTRL-w K: change vertically split windows to horizonally split
  • CTRL-w t + CTRL-w H: horizonally split to vertically split

filesystem

• Explore filesystem with NERDTree

  • ,d: toggle the drawer
  • ,f: open NERDTree to the current file
  • i: open selected file in a horizontal split window
  • s: open selected file in a vertical split window
  • t: open selected file in a new tab
  • m: delete file in menu

• Change working directory

  • :pwd: present working directory
  • :cd %:p:h: change directory of currently open file (sets current directory for all windows in Vim)
  • :lcd %:p:h: change directory only for current window

• full path fuzzy file, buffer finder with ctrlp.vim

  • ,t brings up a project file filter for easily opening specific files
  • ,b restricts ctrlp.vim to open buffers

ctags

Easily jump to code definitions

1. Create a cron job to update tags daily

0 12 * * * ctags --languages=python -R -o ~/.tags ~/path/to/code

2. add --python-kinds=-i to ~/.ctags to ignore imports
3. add set tags=~/.tags;/ to vimrc
4. use CTRL-w ] to jump to code definition (or :TagbarOpen to open viewer)

Vundle

install plugins by adding following to vimrc.bundle.local

Plugin '<user>/<plugin>'

and run

:PluginInstall

sourcing

• :so filename: source vim code in filename

other

• ,[space] strips trailing whitespace
• ,l begins aligning lines on a string, usually used as ,l= to align assignments