diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/check.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/check.rs
index 26c87f14cd737..49ed3e92519e4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/check.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/check.rs
@@ -1709,6 +1709,10 @@ pub(super) fn check_transparent<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, adt: ty::AdtDef<'tcx>)
                     "`repr(C)` types",
                     "is a `#[repr(C)]` type, so it is not guaranteed to be zero-sized on all targets.",
                 ),
+                UnsuitedReason::Array => (
+                    "array types with non-trivial element types",
+                    "is an array with a non-trivial element type, so it is not guaranteed to have a trivial ABI in all situations.",
+                ),
             };
             Diag::new(
                 dcx,
@@ -1785,19 +1789,43 @@ pub(super) fn check_transparent<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, adt: ty::AdtDef<'tcx>)
         NonExhaustive,
         PrivateField,
         ReprC,
+        Array,
     }
 
     fn check_unsuited<'tcx>(
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
         typing_env: ty::TypingEnv<'tcx>,
         ty: Ty<'tcx>,
+        inside_repr_rust_packed_1: bool,
     ) -> ControlFlow<UnsuitedInfo<'tcx>> {
         // We can encounter projections during traversal, so ensure the type is normalized.
         let ty =
             tcx.try_normalize_erasing_regions(typing_env, Unnormalized::new_wip(ty)).unwrap_or(ty);
         match ty.kind() {
-            ty::Tuple(list) => list.iter().try_for_each(|t| check_unsuited(tcx, typing_env, t)),
-            ty::Array(ty, _) => check_unsuited(tcx, typing_env, *ty),
+            ty::Tuple(list) => list
+                .iter()
+                .try_for_each(|t| check_unsuited(tcx, typing_env, t, inside_repr_rust_packed_1)),
+            ty::Array(elem_ty, len) => {
+                // If we are inside a `#[repr(Rust, packed(1))]` ADT,
+                // the alignment is guaranteed to be 1 and Rust has full control over the ABI.
+                // Therefore, we can allow any length-0 array.
+                // This special case is needed to support the `ghost` crate.
+                if inside_repr_rust_packed_1
+                    && let ty::ConstKind::Value(v) = len.kind()
+                    && v.try_to_target_usize(tcx) == Some(0)
+                {
+                    return ControlFlow::Continue(());
+                }
+
+                let elem_layout = tcx.layout_of(typing_env.as_query_input(*elem_ty));
+                let elem_trivial = elem_layout.is_ok_and(|layout| layout.is_1zst());
+
+                if elem_trivial {
+                    check_unsuited(tcx, typing_env, *elem_ty, inside_repr_rust_packed_1)
+                } else {
+                    ControlFlow::Break(UnsuitedInfo { ty, reason: UnsuitedReason::Array })
+                }
+            }
             ty::Adt(def, args) => {
                 if !def.did().is_local() && !find_attr!(tcx, def.did(), RustcPubTransparent(_)) {
                     let non_exhaustive = def.is_variant_list_non_exhaustive()
@@ -1814,12 +1842,22 @@ pub(super) fn check_transparent<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, adt: ty::AdtDef<'tcx>)
                         });
                     }
                 }
-                if def.repr().c() {
+
+                let repr = def.repr();
+
+                if repr.c() {
                     return ControlFlow::Break(UnsuitedInfo { ty, reason: UnsuitedReason::ReprC });
                 }
-                def.all_fields()
-                    .map(|field| field.ty(tcx, args))
-                    .try_for_each(|t| check_unsuited(tcx, typing_env, t))
+
+                def.all_fields().map(|field| field.ty(tcx, args)).try_for_each(|t| {
+                    check_unsuited(
+                        tcx,
+                        typing_env,
+                        t,
+                        inside_repr_rust_packed_1
+                            || def.repr().pack.is_some_and(|a| a.bytes() == 1),
+                    )
+                })
             }
             _ => ControlFlow::Continue(()),
         }
@@ -1828,11 +1866,22 @@ pub(super) fn check_transparent<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, adt: ty::AdtDef<'tcx>)
     let mut prev_unsuited_1zst = false;
     for field in field_infos {
         if field.trivial
-            && let Some(unsuited) = check_unsuited(tcx, typing_env, field.ty).break_value()
+            && let Some(unsuited) = check_unsuited(tcx, typing_env, field.ty, false).break_value()
         {
             // If there are any non-trivial fields, then there can be no non-exhaustive 1-zsts.
             // Otherwise, it's only an issue if there's >1 non-exhaustive 1-zst.
             if non_trivial_count > 0 || prev_unsuited_1zst {
+                if matches!(unsuited.reason, UnsuitedReason::Array) {
+                    #[derive(Diagnostic)]
+                    #[diag("😱 Crater REGRESSION 😱")]
+                    struct CraterFail {
+                        #[primary_span]
+                        span: Span,
+                    }
+
+                    tcx.dcx().emit_err(CraterFail { span: field.span });
+                }
+
                 tcx.emit_node_span_lint(
                     REPR_TRANSPARENT_NON_ZST_FIELDS,
                     tcx.local_def_id_to_hir_id(adt.did().expect_local()),
diff --git a/src/tools/miri/tests/pass/function_calls/abi_compat.rs b/src/tools/miri/tests/pass/function_calls/abi_compat.rs
index cd48bd2accb27..5bedc220ab210 100644
--- a/src/tools/miri/tests/pass/function_calls/abi_compat.rs
+++ b/src/tools/miri/tests/pass/function_calls/abi_compat.rs
@@ -62,13 +62,13 @@ fn test_abi_newtype<T: Copy + Default>() {
     struct Wrapper2a<T>((), T);
     #[repr(transparent)]
     #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
-    struct Wrapper3<T>(Zst, T, [u8; 0]);
+    struct Wrapper3<T>(Zst, T, [(); 42]);
 
     let t = T::default();
     test_abi_compat(t, Wrapper(t));
     test_abi_compat(t, Wrapper2(t, ()));
     test_abi_compat(t, Wrapper2a((), t));
-    test_abi_compat(t, Wrapper3(Zst, t, []));
+    test_abi_compat(t, Wrapper3(Zst, t, [(); 42]));
     test_abi_compat(t, mem::MaybeUninit::new(t)); // MaybeUninit is `repr(transparent)`
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/codegen-llvm/repr/transparent.rs b/tests/codegen-llvm/repr/transparent.rs
index 29b627462a4d9..36da81d8ae1ba 100644
--- a/tests/codegen-llvm/repr/transparent.rs
+++ b/tests/codegen-llvm/repr/transparent.rs
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn test_WithZst(_: WithZst) -> WithZst {
 }
 
 #[repr(transparent)]
-pub struct WithZeroSizedArray(*const f32, [i8; 0]);
+pub struct WithZeroSizedArray(*const f32, [(); 42]);
 
 // CHECK: define{{.*}}ptr @test_WithZeroSizedArray(ptr noundef %_1)
 #[no_mangle]
diff --git a/tests/ui/abi/compatibility.rs b/tests/ui/abi/compatibility.rs
index 6071ad9bb435b..a537d333d126a 100644
--- a/tests/ui/abi/compatibility.rs
+++ b/tests/ui/abi/compatibility.rs
@@ -145,11 +145,13 @@ macro_rules! test_abi_compatible {
             use super::*;
             // Declaring a `type` doesn't even check well-formedness, so we also declare a function.
             fn check_wf(_x: $t1, _y: $t2) {}
-            // Test argument and return value, `Rust` and `C` ABIs.
+            // Test argument and return value in various ABIs.
             #[rustc_abi(assert_eq)]
             type TestRust = (fn($t1) -> $t1, fn($t2) -> $t2);
             #[rustc_abi(assert_eq)]
             type TestC = (extern "C" fn($t1) -> $t1, extern "C" fn($t2) -> $t2);
+            #[rustc_abi(assert_eq)]
+            type TestSystem = (extern "system" fn($t1) -> $t1, extern "system" fn($t2) -> $t2);
         }
     };
 }
@@ -200,7 +202,8 @@ test_abi_compatible!(isize_int, isize, i64);
 
 // Compatibility of 1-ZST.
 test_abi_compatible!(zst_unit, Zst, ());
-test_abi_compatible!(zst_array, Zst, [u8; 0]);
+test_abi_compatible!(zst_array, Zst, [(); 0]);
+test_abi_compatible!(zst_array_2, Zst, [(); 42]);
 test_abi_compatible!(nonzero_int, NonZero<i32>, i32);
 
 // `#[repr(C)]` enums should not change ABI based on individual variant inhabitedness.
@@ -220,7 +223,7 @@ struct TransparentWrapper1<T: ?Sized>(T);
 #[repr(transparent)]
 struct TransparentWrapper2<T: ?Sized>((), Zst, T);
 #[repr(transparent)]
-struct TransparentWrapper3<T>(T, [u8; 0], PhantomData<u64>);
+struct TransparentWrapper3<T>(T, [Zst; 42], PhantomData<u64>);
 #[repr(transparent)]
 union TransparentWrapperUnion<T> {
     nothing: (),
@@ -299,14 +302,14 @@ macro_rules! test_nonnull {
             test_abi_compatible!(result_ok_unit, Result<(), $t>, $t);
             test_abi_compatible!(result_err_zst, Result<$t, Zst>, $t);
             test_abi_compatible!(result_ok_zst, Result<Zst, $t>, $t);
-            test_abi_compatible!(result_err_arr, Result<$t, [i8; 0]>, $t);
-            test_abi_compatible!(result_ok_arr, Result<[i8; 0], $t>, $t);
+            test_abi_compatible!(result_err_arr, Result<$t, [(); 42]>, $t);
+            test_abi_compatible!(result_ok_arr, Result<[(); 42], $t>, $t);
             test_abi_compatible!(result_err_void, Result<$t, Void>, $t);
             test_abi_compatible!(result_ok_void, Result<Void, $t>, $t);
             test_abi_compatible!(either_err_zst, Either<$t, Zst>, $t);
             test_abi_compatible!(either_ok_zst, Either<Zst, $t>, $t);
             test_abi_compatible!(either2_err_zst, Either2<$t, Zst>, $t);
-            test_abi_compatible!(either2_err_arr, Either2<$t, [i8; 0]>, $t);
+            test_abi_compatible!(either2_err_arr, Either2<$t, [(); 42]>, $t);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/ui/layout/homogeneous-aggr-transparent.rs b/tests/ui/layout/homogeneous-aggr-transparent.rs
index d968d609835f7..2c8c93cdd7c3e 100644
--- a/tests/ui/layout/homogeneous-aggr-transparent.rs
+++ b/tests/ui/layout/homogeneous-aggr-transparent.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ struct Wrapper1<T>(T);
 #[repr(transparent)]
 struct Wrapper2<T>((), Zst, T);
 #[repr(transparent)]
-struct Wrapper3<T>(T, [u8; 0], PhantomData<u64>);
+struct Wrapper3<T>(T, [Zst; 42], PhantomData<u64>);
 #[repr(transparent)]
 union WrapperUnion<T: Copy> {
     nothing: (),