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+# Devkit native Oxlint migration experiment — 2026-08-16
+
+**Shortcut:** sc-1677
+**Decision:** retain Biome as Devkit's ordinary JavaScript, TypeScript, JSON, and CSS linter. Native
+Oxlint is materially faster on the common JavaScript/TypeScript manifest, but the candidate does
+not preserve the active Biome preset's diagnostics or language scope. No production lint ownership
+changes in this PR.
+
+This is a one-off migration experiment, not an ongoing benchmark or CI performance gate.
+
+## Question and decision rule
+
+Can Devkit replace the ordinary-lint part of `biome check` with native Oxlint rules while leaving
+formatting and filesystem topology with their separately evaluated owners?
+
+Adoption required all of the following:
+
+1. every current lint responsibility had an explicit destination;
+2. clean-repository and focused-fixture diagnostics matched in scope and meaning;
+3. JavaScript, TypeScript, and currently linted JSON/CSS inputs remained covered;
+4. no filesystem, cross-file, formatter, or TypeScript responsibility moved accidentally; and
+5. the same-file paired candidate reduced CPU or latency against the A0 control direction.
+
+A faster candidate that dropped a rule or file class was pre-registered as a retain decision.
+
+## Pre-implementation critique
+
+**Proposal:** replace Biome lint with Oxlint's native default/correctness rules, then leave Biome
+installed only for formatting while A5 evaluates Oxfmt.
+
+**Verdict:** do not implement this substitution. The runtime opportunity is strong, but the
+configuration contracts are not equivalent. Biome's `recommended` preset is a broad, evolving set
+across JavaScript, TypeScript, JSON, and CSS. Oxlint's default set is a different 96-rule selection; on
+clean Devkit it reports new Unicorn and unused-code diagnostics while still lacking an equivalent
+for an explicitly required Biome rule and selecting no JSON or CSS. Treating zero shared clean
+errors as parity would therefore make the gate faster by checking different things.
+
+The durable next step is a future explicit, rule-by-rule preset: freeze the exact responsibilities
+Devkit wants, provide retained owners for JSON, CSS, and `useTopLevelRegex`, and then repeat these
+paired fixtures. That work must not be hidden inside the Frink port.
+
+## Responsibility inventory
+
+This inventory covers every configured lint responsibility Devkit owns or distributes. The large
+implicit recommended set is kept as one atomic responsibility because neither tool publishes a
+cross-tool equivalence contract; silently translating rule names would not establish semantic
+parity.
+
+| Current responsibility | Current owner | Oxlint candidate | Result and rationale |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| Biome recommended JavaScript/TypeScript rules | `biome/base.jsonc` | Oxlint native default/categories | **Retain Biome.** Different preset membership and severities; clean Devkit is 0 versus 18 findings. |
+| Recommended JSON/config diagnostics | Biome | None in Oxlint | **Retain Biome.** Oxlint selected 0 files for the duplicate-key fixture. |
+| Recommended CSS diagnostics | Biome | None in Oxlint | **Retain Biome.** Oxlint selected 0 files for the unknown-property fixture. |
+| Unused imports | Biome `noUnusedImports` error | `eslint/no-unused-vars` | Candidate matched the focused unused-import finding, but is combined with variables and cannot migrate independently while the enclosing preset remains. |
+| Unused variables | Biome `noUnusedVariables` error | `eslint/no-unused-vars` | Candidate matched the focused ordinary and underscore-prefixed cases; retain with the enclosing preset. |
+| Hook call placement | Biome `useHookAtTopLevel` error | `react/rules-of-hooks` | **Retain Biome.** Devkit self-host has no React program on which to prove parity; consumer/Frink coverage belongs to A7. |
+| Regex allocation | Biome `useTopLevelRegex` error | No native equivalent in Oxlint 1.78.0 | **Retain Biome.** The fixture's third diagnostic was absent from Oxlint. |
+| Console use | Biome `noConsole` warning in the shared base | `eslint/no-console` | Candidate exists. Devkit self-host explicitly disables this for CLI UX; consumer migration is deferred with the preset. |
+| React component exports/types/barrels | `biome/react.jsonc` overrides | Native React/TypeScript/import rules where available | **Retain Biome.** No Devkit React fixture, and `noRestrictedTypes` message/options need consumer parity. |
+| Import organization | Biome assist | Oxfmt sorting / separate fixer | Not lint ownership; A5 decides the formatter/fixer path. |
+| Folder/file topology and domain placement | ESLint + `eslint-plugin-project-structure` | Standalone filesystem guard | Not ordinary source lint; A4 owns the prototype and benchmark. |
+| File lines and folder fan-out | Devkit shrink-only ratchet gates | Existing direct gates | Already runner-independent; do not move to Oxlint and lose baseline semantics. |
+| Function lines | No active Devkit self-host rule | Oxlint `max-lines-per-function` | No responsibility to migrate here; evaluate where a consumer actually enables it. |
+| Import walls / restricted imports | No active Devkit self-host wall | Oxlint `no-restricted-imports` | No responsibility to migrate here; Frink parity belongs to A7. |
+| Compiler diagnostics and build emission | TypeScript | Oxc type-aware/type-check | Not ordinary lint; A6 owns the shadow decision. |
+
+## Pinned tools and scope
+
+| Item | Value |
+| --- | --- |
+| Devkit source | `4d624d059c8974aa58e0f3a27277cd6fd90383a4` |
+| Host | Darwin 25.5.0, arm64, 10 logical CPUs |
+| Runtime | Node 24.19.0 |
+| Control | `@biomejs/biome@2.5.6` |
+| Candidate | Devkit wrapper + `oxlint@1.78.0` + `oxc/oxlint.base.json` |
+| Same-language manifest | 535 tracked JavaScript/TypeScript files under Devkit's authored roots |
+| Timing | `/usr/bin/time -lp`; CPU = user + system |
+| Memory | 5 ms `ps` sampling; summed RSS for command and every live descendant |
+| Sampling | 3 paired warm-ups, then 10 interleaved measured runs per command |
+
+The paired manifest contains the JavaScript/TypeScript subset both engines can parse. JSON and CSS
+were excluded from the speed table and tested separately because Oxlint does not select them. This
+keeps the performance comparison honest while making the missing scope visible rather than
+pretending the smaller candidate manifest is a complete replacement.
+
+## Diagnostic parity results
+
+### Clean 535-file manifest
+
+Biome exited clean with 0 diagnostics. Oxlint processed all 535 files with 96 active rules and
+reported 18 warnings:
+
+| Oxlint finding | Count |
+| --- | ---: |
+| `unicorn/no-useless-fallback-in-spread` | 13 |
+| `unicorn/no-new-array` | 3 |
+| `unicorn/no-useless-spread` | 1 |
+| `eslint/no-unused-vars` | 1 |
+
+These may be useful rules, but they are new policy/debt, not parity with the current clean gate.
+
+### Focused JavaScript/TypeScript fixture
+
+A temporary `.mts` fixture contained an unused import, an underscore-prefixed intentionally unused
+variable, an ordinary unused variable, and a regular-expression literal inside an exported
+function. It was removed before this PR.
+
+Biome reported exactly three errors: `noUnusedImports`, `noUnusedVariables`, and
+`useTopLevelRegex`; it correctly ignored the underscore-prefixed variable. Oxlint, run with every
+rule disabled except native `eslint/no-unused-vars`, matched the two unused-code cases and also
+ignored the underscore-prefixed variable. It emitted no regex-allocation diagnostic because Oxlint
+1.78.0 has no native equivalent.
+
+### Focused JSON fixture
+
+A temporary JSON object declared the same key twice. Biome reported one
+`noDuplicateObjectKeys` error. Oxlint printed "No files found to lint", reported 0 selected files,
+and emitted no diagnostic. The fixture was removed before this PR.
+
+### Focused CSS fixture
+
+A temporary CSS rule used the misspelled property `colr`. Biome reported one
+`noUnknownProperty` error. Oxlint again printed "No files found to lint", reported 0 selected files,
+and emitted no diagnostic. The fixture was removed before this PR.
+
+## Performance result
+
+The native candidate is substantially cheaper on the shared 535-file language scope. That is a
+real opportunity and the reason to revisit this migration; it does not override the failed parity
+conditions.
+
+| Runner | Wall median / p95 | CPU median / p95 | Process-tree RSS median / p95 |
+| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
+| Biome lint | 0.375 s / 0.520 s | 1.920 s / 2.180 s | 194.9 / 195.4 MiB |
+| Devkit native Oxlint candidate | 0.120 s / 0.130 s | 0.210 s / 0.230 s | 126.6 / 149.2 MiB |
+| Candidate delta | **-68.0% / -75.0%** | **-89.1% / -89.4%** | **-35.0% / -23.6%** |
+
+CPU is the primary metric requested by the epic. Median is the midpoint of the fifth and sixth
+sorted samples; with ten samples p95 is the nearest-rank maximum. RSS was collected in a separate
+paired campaign by summing the wrapper and live descendants, so the Oxlint subprocess is not
+mistaken for the whole command.
+
+### Raw samples
+
+Each row is `wall seconds / CPU seconds / process-tree RSS MiB`. Timing and RSS came from separate
+interleaved ten-run campaigns after the same three warm-ups.
+
+| Run | Biome | Oxlint candidate |
+| ---: | ---: | ---: |
+| 1 | 0.370 / 1.870 / 194.5 | 0.120 / 0.200 / 128.8 |
+| 2 | 0.360 / 1.940 / 194.9 | 0.120 / 0.220 / 119.9 |
+| 3 | 0.380 / 1.910 / 194.4 | 0.120 / 0.210 / 141.4 |
+| 4 | 0.380 / 1.900 / 195.0 | 0.120 / 0.210 / 149.2 |
+| 5 | 0.420 / 1.930 / 195.4 | 0.120 / 0.210 / 117.0 |
+| 6 | 0.520 / 2.180 / 195.0 | 0.130 / 0.230 / 124.5 |
+| 7 | 0.450 / 2.100 / 195.0 | 0.110 / 0.220 / 109.7 |
+| 8 | 0.330 / 1.970 / 195.0 | 0.100 / 0.190 / 118.0 |
+| 9 | 0.340 / 1.900 / 194.8 | 0.110 / 0.190 / 134.8 |
+| 10 | 0.350 / 1.910 / 194.8 | 0.110 / 0.210 / 133.2 |
+
+## Ownership after this experiment
+
+No hook, script, dependency, preset, or generated config changes in sc-1677.
+
+| Responsibility | Owner |
+| --- | --- |
+| Ordinary JavaScript/TypeScript/JSON/CSS lint | Biome 2.5.6 |
+| Formatting and import organization | Biome pending A5 |
+| Filesystem/cross-file topology | ESLint bridge pending A4 |
+| Size/fan-out shrink-only policy | Existing Devkit direct ratchet gates |
+| Oxc native lint | Measured candidate only; A1 remains opt-in infrastructure |
+
+## Revisit conditions
+
+Re-run this experiment after Devkit defines an explicit, versioned desired-rule manifest instead
+of treating either tool's recommended/default preset as policy. Adoption also needs a named owner
+for JSON and CSS diagnostics, a native or Devkit-owned equivalent for `useTopLevelRegex`, React
+preset fixtures, and exact changed/staged hook wiring. Only then remove Biome lint invocation; do
+not claim a CPU win by retaining duplicate parsing in the same hook.
+
+## Sources
+
+- Biome JavaScript rule inventory and recommended preset:
+  <https://biomejs.dev/linter/javascript/rules/>
+- Biome JSON rule inventory:
+  <https://biomejs.dev/linter/json/rules/>
+- Biome CSS rule inventory:
+  <https://biomejs.dev/linter/css/rules/>
+- Oxlint native rule inventory and default markers:
+  <https://oxc.rs/docs/guide/usage/linter/rules.html>
+- A0 control and migration decision:
+  [the consolidated Devkit/Frink report](../2026-08-15-oxlint-js-plugin-frink/README.md)
diff --git a/docs/decisions/oxc-toolchain-migration.md b/docs/decisions/oxc-toolchain-migration.md
index be4e47f..8ef1028 100644
--- a/docs/decisions/oxc-toolchain-migration.md
+++ b/docs/decisions/oxc-toolchain-migration.md
@@ -20,3 +20,4 @@ created: 2026-08-15
 **Scope:** package.json,biome.jsonc,eslint.config.mjs,guard.config.json,gate-engine/structure/**,eslint/**,docs/benchmarks/**
 **Source:** shortcut · sc-1674
 - 2026-08-15 — sc-1675 packages exact oxlint@1.78.0 and oxfmt@0.63.0 pins behind an opt-in package/standalone capability. devkit oxc resolves those binaries through Devkit's own module graph; init/upgrade/doctor/clean manage a replaceable Oxlint base plus collision-safe consumer-owned root configs. Existing Biome, ESLint topology, tsc, scripts, and hooks remain unchanged until their separate parity tickets satisfy this Target's evidence gates; overlay and self-host activation remain unsupported.
+- 2026-08-16 — sc-1677 retains Biome 2.5.6 as Devkit's ordinary JavaScript, TypeScript, JSON, and CSS linter. On the same 535-file JS/TS manifest under supported Node 24.19.0, the pinned native Oxlint candidate used 89.1% less median CPU and 35.0% less median process-tree RSS, but it produced 18 findings against Biome's clean 0, missed the explicitly enabled useTopLevelRegex fixture, and selected no file for JSON duplicate-key or CSS unknown-property fixtures. Revisit after Devkit freezes an explicit desired-rule manifest and provides parity owners for JSON, CSS, regex allocation, and the React preset; do not claim the speed-up by silently adopting a smaller rule surface.