@@ -801,6 +801,18 @@ bool Http2Session::HasPendingData() const {
   return true;
 }
 
+// nghttp2 signals that the connection should be dropped by having both
+// want_read and want_write return 0. If that happens while we still track
+// open streams, nghttp2 has terminated the session on its own (for example
+// due to a protocol error from the peer) and those streams will never be
+// completed.
+bool Http2Session::HasStreamsAbandonedByNghttp2() const {
+  if (HasPendingData()) return false;
+  return std::ranges::any_of(streams_, [](const auto& entry) {
+    return !entry.second->is_closed() && !entry.second->is_destroyed();
+  });
+}
+
 void Http2Session::EmitStatistics() {
   if (!HasHttp2Observer(env())) [[likely]] {
     return;
@@ -2069,9 +2081,11 @@ uint8_t Http2Session::SendPendingData() {
 
   MaybeStopReading();
 
-  // If nghttp2 has internally torn down the session (detected in OnFrameSent)
-  // during the nghttp2_session_mem_send loop above, at this point we error:
-  if (internal_goaway_sent_) {
+  // If nghttp2 has internally torn down the session (detected in OnFrameSent,
+  // or because it no longer wants to read or write while we still have open
+  // streams) during the nghttp2_session_mem_send loop above, at this point we
+  // error:
+  if (internal_goaway_sent_ || HasStreamsAbandonedByNghttp2()) {
     internal_goaway_sent_ = false;
     if (!is_closing() && !is_destroyed()) {
       Isolate* isolate = env()->isolate();
 
@@ -794,6 +794,7 @@ class Http2Session : public AsyncWrap,
   BaseObjectPtr<Http2Ping> PopPing();
   bool AddPing(const uint8_t* data, v8::Local<v8::Function> callback);
   bool HasPendingData() const;
+  bool HasStreamsAbandonedByNghttp2() const;
 
   BaseObjectPtr<Http2Settings> PopSettings();
   bool AddSettings(v8::Local<v8::Function> callback);
 
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const common = require('../common');
+
+if (!common.hasCrypto)
+  common.skip('missing crypto');
+
+const http2 = require('http2');
+const net = require('net');
+
+// When a peer sends GOAWAY(NO_ERROR), the session starts a graceful close
+// on its own. If nghttp2 later terminates the session internally because of
+// a protocol error (here, an oversized frame) while a stream is still open,
+// the session must still be torn down and the error surfaced, rather than
+// leaving the stream and connection hanging.
+
+const server = http2.createServer();
+
+server.on('stream', common.mustCall((stream) => {
+  stream.on('error', common.expectsError({
+    code: 'ERR_HTTP2_ERROR',
+    name: 'Error',
+    message: 'Protocol error'
+  }));
+  stream.on('close', common.mustCall());
+}));
+
+server.on('session', common.mustCall((session) => {
+  session.on('goaway', common.mustCall());
+  session.on('error', common.expectsError({
+    code: 'ERR_HTTP2_ERROR',
+    name: 'Error',
+    message: 'Protocol error'
+  }));
+
+  session.on('close', common.mustCall(() => server.close()));
+}));
+
+server.listen(0, common.mustCall(() => {
+  const conn = net.connect({
+    port: server.address().port,
+    allowHalfOpen: true,
+  });
+
+  // HTTP/2 client connection preface.
+  conn.write('PRI * HTTP/2.0\r\n\r\nSM\r\n\r\n');
+
+  // Empty SETTINGS frame.
+  const settingsFrame = Buffer.alloc(9);
+  settingsFrame[3] = 0x04; // type: SETTINGS
+  conn.write(settingsFrame);
+
+  let inbuf = Buffer.alloc(0);
+  let state = 'settingsHeader';
+  let settingsFrameLength;
+
+  conn.on('data', (chunk) => {
+    inbuf = Buffer.concat([inbuf, chunk]);
+
+    switch (state) {
+      case 'settingsHeader':
+        if (inbuf.length < 9) return;
+        settingsFrameLength = inbuf.readUIntBE(0, 3);
+        inbuf = inbuf.slice(9);
+        state = 'readingSettings';
+        // Fallthrough
+      case 'readingSettings': {
+        if (inbuf.length < settingsFrameLength) return;
+        inbuf = inbuf.slice(settingsFrameLength);
+        state = 'done';
+
+        // ACK the server SETTINGS.
+        const ack = Buffer.alloc(9);
+        ack[3] = 0x04; // type: SETTINGS
+        ack[4] = 0x01; // flag: ACK
+        conn.write(ack);
+
+        // Open stream 1 without END_STREAM, so it stays open on the server.
+        // HPACK: :method GET (0x82), :scheme http (0x86), :path / (0x84),
+        // :authority localhost (literal with indexed name 1).
+        const block = Buffer.from([
+          0x82, 0x86, 0x84, 0x41, 0x09,
+          ...Buffer.from('localhost'),
+        ]);
+        const headers = Buffer.alloc(9);
+        headers.writeUIntBE(block.length, 0, 3);
+        headers[3] = 0x01; // type: HEADERS
+        headers[4] = 0x04; // flags: END_HEADERS
+        headers.writeUInt32BE(1, 5); // stream id: 1
+        conn.write(Buffer.concat([headers, block]));
+
+        // GOAWAY(NO_ERROR), last stream id 0. This makes the server
+        // gracefully close its session without any application code.
+        const goaway = Buffer.alloc(17);
+        goaway.writeUIntBE(8, 0, 3); // length: 8
+        goaway[3] = 0x07; // type: GOAWAY
+        goaway.writeUInt32BE(0, 9); // last stream id
+        goaway.writeUInt32BE(0, 13); // error code: NO_ERROR
+        conn.write(goaway);
+
+        // Send a DATA frame header claiming length 16385, which exceeds the
+        // default max_frame_size of 16384, so nghttp2 calls
+        // nghttp2_session_terminate_session(FRAME_SIZE_ERROR) internally.
+        const oversized = Buffer.alloc(9);
+        oversized.writeUIntBE(16385, 0, 3); // length: 16385 (one over max)
+        oversized[3] = 0x00; // type: DATA
+        oversized.writeUInt32BE(1, 5); // stream id: 1
+        conn.write(oversized);
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+  // The server must close the connection after sending GOAWAY:
+  conn.on('end', common.mustCall(() => conn.end()));
+  conn.on('close', common.mustCall());
+}));