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d="M747.1,121.1V79.3c0-15.8-9.4-22.4-26.6-22.4c-15,0-26.8,6.6-26.8,19.3c0,2.4,0.2,3.3,0.8,5h16.6 c-0.5-2-0.7-5-0.7-7.5c0-9.6,3.6-12.4,9.4-12.4c6.4,0,9.7,2,9.7,14.4v11.2l-20.8,7.7c-10.6,4.1-19.3,8.8-19.3,20.7 c0,10.9,7.5,17.8,18.6,17.8c9.9,0,17.4-6.2,21.9-12.1v-0.1h0.1l0,11.1l26,0.1v-4.5C749.3,127.1,747.1,126.2,747.1,121.1z M729.6,117.8c-4.4,3.3-7.6,5.3-12.1,5.4c-7.7,0-11.2-5.2-11.2-12.6c0-7.7,3.6-11.2,9.8-13.5l13.4-5.4L729.6,117.8L729.6,117.8z"
></path>
</g>
<path
d="M0,0v90.4c0,65.7,50.9,88.5,88.1,105.2h0.1l3,1.4c0.7-0.4,1.4-0.7,2.2-1c0.4-0.2,0.9-0.4,1.3-0.6 c37.3-16.6,88.4-39.5,88.4-105V0H0z M116,132l-2-5.3l-26.6-70c-1.6,4.1-5.3,14-9.3,24.6l-15.3,41.3c-0.7,2-0.3,3,0.2,3.7 c1.1,1.3,3.5,1.3,7.3,1.3H71l0,4.4H42.4l0-4.4h2.2c3.9,0,7.1-1.7,9.5-6.5l2.9-6.6l26.5-67.8l-4.7-12.5h24.7l34.1,89.7l3.1,8.1H116z"
></path></svg
></a>
<ul id="results-container" class="dropdown list-group"></ul>
<nav class="bd-links collapse" id="bd-docs-nav">
<div class="bd-toc-item">
<h4 class="bd-toc-link">Web Applications I</h4>
</div>
<div class="bd-toc-item">
<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/web2/sprint/recPSZMPrmESUYo2C">
1. Applied JavaScript
</a>
<ul class="nav bd-sidenav">
<li>
<a href="/web2/module/rectn5PUU5ubcQkPu/"> DOM I </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/web2/module/recJWv3RIfa4NFXbn/"> DOM II </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/web2/module/rec847sNXZX9CVDNl/"> Components I </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/web2/module/recd6kDKS6eMapSRq/">
Components II
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="bd-toc-item">
<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/web2/sprint/recYL2HDPPpkDmGEm">
2. Intro to React
</a>
<ul class="nav bd-sidenav">
<li>
<a href="/web2/module/recZau7hH8vzww14N/">
React Components and Component State
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/web2/module/recgzSGQtp2HYwgSR/">
Composing React Components and Passing Data Via Props
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/web2/module/recKe8PW6ZMwjL1Qg/">
Component Side Effects
</a>
</li>
<li class="active bd-sidenav-active">
<a href="/web2/module/recNDoSqyUw3eq1y3/">
Advanced Styling Techniques
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="bd-toc-item">
<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/web2/sprint/recH2pYM3qVavZTRN">
3. Single Page Applications
</a>
<ul class="nav bd-sidenav">
<li>
<a href="/web2/module/recd7jGy7tfVkcFlX/"> React Router </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/web2/module/rect081xiYT2cfxGF/">
Form Management
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/web2/module/recKK5C7wV0WiECfr/">
Advanced Form Management
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/web2/module/recduYpjgZBQaQM8X/"> cypress.io </a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="bd-toc-item">
<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/web2/sprint/recwKyMueNtoTTmUD">
4. WEB Unit 2 Build
</a>
<ul class="nav bd-sidenav"></ul>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
<main class="content-container flex-wrapper" role="main">
<div class="sticky-nav">
<div class="sprint-nav">
<ul class="section-nav">
<li class="toc-entry toc-h2"><a href="#prepare">Prepare</a></li>
<li class="toc-entry toc-h2"><a href="#learn">Learn</a></li>
<li class="toc-entry toc-h2"><a href="#project">Project</a></li>
<li class="toc-entry toc-h2"><a href="#review">Review</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="wrapper limit-width">
<div class="flex-wrapper">
<div class="limit-width">
<div class="jumbotron">
<h1 class="bd-title" id="content">
Advanced Styling Techniques
</h1>
<span class="lead">
<p class="bd-lead"></p>
<p>
CSS by itself can be hard to scale in large applications.
In this module we will see multiple libraries that have
been built to help us style our apps in a lot more
scalable way.
</p>
</span>
<strong
>At the end of this module, you should be able to:</strong
>
<ul>
<li>bootstrap a React application with Create React App</li>
<li>
understand how to style React components using Reactstrap
</li>
<li>
use styled-components to add functional styles to their
React Components
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="alert alert-warning" role="alert">
<h4>Pro Tip</h4>
<p>
Read error messages carefully - computers are always right
(from the state they have).
</p>
</div>
<h2 class="display-4">
<a
id="prepare"
class="anchor"
href="#prepare"
aria-hidden="true"
><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a
>Prepare
</h2>
<p class="lead">Review each preclass resource before class.</p>
<div class="preclass">
<ul class="list-group list-group-flush">
<li class="list-group-item">
<div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9">
<iframe
class="embed-responsive-item"
src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Z5hDajZrLjk"
frameborder="0"
allowfullscreen
></iframe>
</div>
</li>
<li class="list-group-item">
<div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9">
<iframe
class="embed-responsive-item"
src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/aAVCh5Xf_4E"
frameborder="0"
allowfullscreen
></iframe>
</div>
</li>
<li class="list-group-item">
<div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9">
<iframe
class="embed-responsive-item"
src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/BFKQWaWwaQ0"
frameborder="0"
allowfullscreen
></iframe>
</div>
</li>
<li class="list-group-item">
<a target="_blank" href="https://youtu.be/bIK2NwoK9xk"
>Why Styled Components</a
>
<p>Max Stoiber discusses why this is a good idea.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 class="display-4">
<a id="learn" class="anchor" href="#learn" aria-hidden="true"
><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a
>Learn
</h2>
<h4 class="mark mb-3 p-2">
Learn to bootstrap a React application with Create React App
</h4>
<p>
To jump into React development, we will learn the tools you
can use to get your projects started quickly and efficiently.
</p>
<h5>Overview</h5>
<p>
You can build a React app from scratch with just an HTML page
and some JavaScript, but that method is not scalable. If you
want to use the latest Javascript features, and
pre-processors, and all the fun toys that make our jobs fun,
then you will have to do a lot of configuration upfront.
However, this gets very cumbersome very quickly. After a
while, React developers started talking about how this was
causing
<code class="highlighter-rouge">JavaScript fatigue</code> - a
term that has many many articles written on it. There was just
so much to do to set up every single React project.
</p>
<p>
Understanding this frustration, the React team built a tool
called Create React App that sets up our entire app for us. It
gives us all the “boilerplate,” or necessary configuration and
setup code, that we need for a React app so we can start
building the app, and not spend hours on configurations.
</p>
<p>
We run this tool in the command prompt/terminal. You can run
Create React App (CRA) with
<code class="highlighter-rouge">yarn</code>,
<code class="highlighter-rouge">npm</code>, or even download
it and run it on its own. Since everyone’s computer is
different and not everyone’s will work with just one of these
tools, we will learn a couple of different methods. Find which
one works best on your machine, and use that throughout your
time here.
</p>
<h5>Follow Along</h5>
<p>
Previously, global installs of create-react-app were common
and you may still see this suggested in older tutorials. This
is no longer recommended and will lead to breaking code.
</p>
<p>
Here is the
<a
href="https://reactjs.org/docs/create-a-new-react-app.html#create-react-app"
>documentation</a
>
of the new process, and it is also explained below.
</p>
<p>
Note, however, that if you have installed create-react-app
globally, you will need to uninstall it with npm uninstall -g
create-react-app before running the new command to prevent npm
from running the outdated version of create-react-app
installed on your computer.
</p>
<p>
If you run the outdated version, you will get a broken app
that is missing critical components.
</p>
<p>
<strong>To create a new React app use these commands:</strong>
</p>
<p>
Open your terminal and build a React app. We will use the npx
utility, which was introduced in npm v. 5.2.0. Here,
<code class="highlighter-rouge">animals</code> is the name of
the React project you want to build:
</p>
<div class="highlighter-rouge">
<div class="highlight">
<pre
class="highlight"
><code>npx create-react-app animals --use-npm
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p>
As soon as you run the command successfully, CRA gets to work
installing all necessary files, folders, and dependencies
using npm. It will even initialize a git repository and
perform an initial commit. Once the process completes (it
might take a while!) you should see a
<em>Happy hacking!</em> success message in your terminal.
</p>
<p>
If npx does not work for you, CRA has got you covered. Let’s
look in here at how we can install CRA globally and run that
command
(https://facebook.github.io/create-react-app/){:target=”_blank”}):
</p>
<p>
Let’s install CRA globally with npm first, and then create a
CRA app:
</p>
<div class="highlighter-rouge">
<div class="highlight">
<pre class="highlight"><code>npm install -g create-react-app
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p>create-react-app animals –use-npm</p>
<h3 id="starting-your-react-app">Starting your React App</h3>
<p>Now we want to fire the app up:</p>
<div class="highlighter-rouge">
<div class="highlight">
<pre class="highlight"><code>// cd into the project folder
cd animals
// start up the project
npm start
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p>
The <code class="highlighter-rouge">start</code> command here
will launch the bundler (Webpack) and a transcompiler (Babel’s
Webpack loader), and spin up a dev server so you can visit
your project at the default
<code class="highlighter-rouge">http://localhost:3000</code>.
This server will also listen for you to make changes to your
project and refresh the browser page every time you save your
files in your editor. This process is called “hot reloading.”
</p>
<p>Some other commands you can run here are as follows.</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>
<code class="highlighter-rouge">npm test</code> will
launch tests with the testing library
<code class="highlighter-rouge">jest</code>.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<code class="highlighter-rouge">npm run build</code> will
launch the bundler and transcompiler to produce a minified
bundle appropriate for deployment.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<code class="highlighter-rouge">npm run eject</code> will
unhide all the configuration and dependencies that
CRA-generated react apps use under the hood. No way back
from this, so don’t do it unless you are sure you need to!
Ejecting is usually NOT necessary for toy apps or small
prototypes, but often inevitable when building real-world
apps.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="project-dependencies">Project dependencies</h3>
<p>
<strong>Learn to install additional packages.</strong> We can
use npm to install any other JavaScript packages as
dependencies besides
<code class="highlighter-rouge">react</code> and
<code class="highlighter-rouge">react-dom</code> (which you’ll
find already among the project’s dependencies inside
<code class="highlighter-rouge">package.json</code>).
</p>
<p>
Example of installing and uninstalling the
<code class="highlighter-rouge">moment</code> library as a
project dependency:
</p>
<div class="highlighter-rouge">
<div class="highlight">
<pre class="highlight"><code>npm install moment
npm uninstall moment
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p>
Example of installing and uninstalling the
<code class="highlighter-rouge">chai</code> library as a
<strong>dev</strong> project dependency:
</p>
<div class="highlighter-rouge">
<div class="highlight">
<pre class="highlight"><code>npm install -D chai
npm uninstall chai
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p>
<strong>Dev</strong> dependencies are packages you as a
developer need for performing specific operations like
spinning up the app in your laptop, creating a bundle, or
running tests. <strong>Non-dev</strong> or “regular”
dependencies are the packages imported and consumed directly
by your application code.
</p>
<ol>
<li>
<strong>Study the file structure.</strong> Your file
structure (as of this CRA release) will look like this:
</li>
</ol>
<p>
<img
src="https://tk-assets.lambdaschool.com/0e940b71-7768-4f60-a8b4-3b761f0fde82_ScreenShot2020-03-06at15.41.43.png"
alt="file-struct"
/>
</p>
<p>
You should have a main
<code class="highlighter-rouge">index.js</code> file in the
<code class="highlighter-rouge">src</code>, which is mounting
our <code class="highlighter-rouge">App</code> component to
the <code class="highlighter-rouge">root div</code> found in
the <code class="highlighter-rouge">index.html</code> file
which lives in <code class="highlighter-rouge">public</code>.
Notice how we’re importing in
<code class="highlighter-rouge">App.js</code> from inside of
<code class="highlighter-rouge">index.js</code>.
</p>
<p>
Inside of <code class="highlighter-rouge">src/App.js</code>,
we can see a class component. This approach is helpful
because, in a typical React app, this main
<code class="highlighter-rouge">App.js</code> component is
used to hold onto state and sort of acts as the data control
center for the rest of our application. Of course, you can
build out many other components but
<code class="highlighter-rouge">app</code>’s main purpose is
to be the one single component that we pass to
<code class="highlighter-rouge">ReactDOM.render</code> to
compose our application.
</p>
<ol>
<li>
<strong>Add your own code!</strong> Inside of
<code class="highlighter-rouge">App.js</code>, make
modifications to make this component “yours.”
</li>
</ol>
<p>
Then, go ahead and run
<code class="highlighter-rouge">npm start</code> to bundle the
app and boot up our web developer server. This is a step that
you’re pretty familiar with at this point. You should be able
to tell if something is wrong pretty quickly. Now that your
server is up and running, head to
<code class="highlighter-rouge">localhost:3000</code> to see
if you can inspect with the
<code class="highlighter-rouge">react-dev-tools</code> in the
browser.
</p>
<h5>Challenge</h5>
<p>
Use CRA to build a new app. Explore the app. Make changes and
see what happens. Share what you discover with your team lead!
</p>
<hr />
<h4 class="mark mb-3 p-2">
Learn to understand how to style React components using
Reactstrap
</h4>
<p>
As part of writing React applications, you need to know how to
apply styles via CSS to React components, as well using a
themed library of components such as React Bootstrap, in order
to add style to React applications. Typically when you get to
a company they will already have made a decision on what types
of libraries they’ll be using as a team. Learning how to work
with Reactstrap will help you when you get to that point where
you’ll be using some sort of custom component library or
styling library at your day job.
</p>
<h5>Overview</h5>
<p>
This lesson is all about getting you up and running with
Reactstrap, the
<code class="highlighter-rouge">de-facto</code> Bootstrap
Styling library for React Components.
</p>
<p>
What’s great about this library is that you have some
pre-built components that are already styled out for you using
the Bootstrap styling library. So not only do you get a chance
to use the Bootstrap styling library, but you also get
interactive styled components that you can use for
interactivity throughout your react application.
</p>
<p>
Let’s figure out how to get this all installed and start
playing around with it. If you head over to the documentation,
you’ll find that the installation process is pretty darn easy.
</p>
<div class="language-js highlighter-rouge">
<div class="highlight">
<pre
class="highlight"
><code><span class="nx">npm</span> <span class="nx">install</span> <span class="nx">reactstrap</span> <span class="nx">bootstrap</span>
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p>
Notice that we’re installing BOTH
<code class="highlighter-rouge">Reactstrap</code> and
<code class="highlighter-rouge">Bootstrap</code> here.
Reactstrap is the component library that uses Bootstrap under
the hood. So you’ll need both. To get the stylesheet included
to your React Application, you can either use the
<code class="highlighter-rouge">script</code> tag option or,
my preferred choice, import the bootstrap library into your
<code class="highlighter-rouge">index.js</code> file.
</p>
<div class="language-js highlighter-rouge">
<div class="highlight">
<pre
class="highlight"
><code><span class="k">import</span> <span class="dl">'</span><span class="s1">bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css</span><span class="dl">'</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p>
Adding that line to your
<code class="highlighter-rouge">index.js</code> file will make
the bootstrap style sheet available. Now how do we use the
React Strap component library? Well, it’s as simple as any
other node package we’re using. Wherever you want to include
any of your Reactstrap components, you’ll have to explicitly
import them into any component that you’d like to use them in.
</p>
<div class="language-js highlighter-rouge">
<div class="highlight">
<pre
class="highlight"
><code><span class="k">import</span> <span class="nx">React</span> <span class="k">from</span> <span class="dl">'</span><span class="s1">react</span><span class="dl">'</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">import</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">Alert</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">from</span> <span class="dl">'</span><span class="s1">reactstrap</span><span class="dl">'</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p>
That <code class="highlighter-rouge">Alert</code> component is
now available for use like any other component that you’ve
worked with/built on your own. And we’ll use it as such.
</p>
<div class="language-js highlighter-rouge">
<div class="highlight">
<pre
class="highlight"
><code><span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">Alert</span> <span class="nx">color</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="dl">"</span><span class="s2">primary</span><span class="dl">"</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="nx">This</span> <span class="nx">is</span> <span class="nx">a</span> <span class="nx">primary</span> <span class="nx">alert</span> <span class="err">—</span> <span class="nx">check</span> <span class="nx">it</span> <span class="nx">out</span><span class="o">!</span>
<span class="o"><</span><span class="sr">/Alert</span><span class="err">>
</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p>
This example comes straight from the docs, and of course,
there is a bit more to it than that. So we’ll dive into an
example and have you all follow along with me right now.
</p>
<h5>Follow Along</h5>
<p>
We’re going to learn how to get this package installed into a
react application from
<code class="highlighter-rouge">Create React App</code>.
</p>
<h3 id="step-1-build-your-application">
Step 1 Build your application
</h3>
<ul>
<li>
run
<code class="highlighter-rouge"
>npx create-react-app reactstrap-project --use-npm</code
>
</li>
<li>
or if you have
<code class="highlighter-rouge">CRA</code> installed
globally run
<code class="highlighter-rouge"
>create-react-app reactstrap-project --use-npm</code
>
</li>
<li>
cd into your project and run run
<code class="highlighter-rouge">npm start</code> to start
your
<code class="highlighter-rouge">webpack-dev-server</code>
</li>
<li>
navigate to
<code class="highlighter-rouge">localhost:3000</code> to see
your app
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="step-2-installing-reactstrap">
Step 2 installing Reactstrap
</h3>
<ul>
<li>
inside the root of your
<code class="highlighter-rouge">reactstrap-project</code>
run
<code class="highlighter-rouge"
>npm install reactstrap bootstrap</code
>
to get both
<code class="highlighter-rouge">bootstrap</code> and
<code class="highlighter-rouge">reactstrap</code> installed
</li>
</ul>
<h3
id="step-3-configuring-your-indexjs-file-to-use-the-global-bootstrapcss-stylesheet"
>
Step 3 configuring your index.js file to use the Global
<code class="highlighter-rouge"
>bootstrap.css stylesheet</code
>
</h3>
<ul>
<li>
inside of the
<code class="highlighter-rouge">index.js</code> file add
<code class="highlighter-rouge"
>import 'bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css';</code
>
This will install the bootstrap styling lib globally for
your project.
</li>
</ul>
<h5>Challenge</h5>
<p>
Use Create React App to build a project from the ground up.
</p>
<ul>
<li>
Include the
<code class="highlighter-rouge"
>Reactstrap, and bootstrap libraries</code
>
using <code class="highlighter-rouge">npm</code>
</li>
<li>
Build out a Todo App using the styled components only
provided to you by
<code class="highlighter-rouge">Reactstrap</code>
</li>
<li>
Feel free to use your previous Todo Project as a reference.
</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<h4 class="mark mb-3 p-2">
Learn to use styled-components to add functional styles to
their React Components
</h4>
<p>
So far through the React unit, we have learned how we can
write our HTML in JavaScript using JSX. Now, we’re going to
ask the question that many React devs have asked - why can’t
we write our CSS in JavaScript as well? The answer… We can!
With a library called
<code class="highlighter-rouge">Styled Components</code>, we
are going to build reusable components that get passed the
styling we want via JavaScript! To go a little deeper into
this line of thought, read this great medium article
<a
href="https://medium.com/@_alanbsmith/why-we-use-styled-components-at-decisiv-a8ac6e1507ac"
>here</a
>.
</p>
<h5>Overview</h5>