diff --git a/1.3.2' b/1.3.2'
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/Gemfile.lock b/Gemfile.lock
index 8c1dbb3..858d89f 100644
--- a/Gemfile.lock
+++ b/Gemfile.lock
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ GEM
 
 PLATFORMS
   ruby
+  x64-mingw32
 
 DEPENDENCIES
   aasm!
diff --git a/lib/desugaring.rb b/lib/desugaring.rb
index 8d52908..62481a5 100644
--- a/lib/desugaring.rb
+++ b/lib/desugaring.rb
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 module DesugaringExercises
 
+  # ’ not the same as '
+
   def all_the_sugar(recipients, event, message)
     mail message,
-      to: recipients.map(&:email),
-      subject: "You’re invited to #{event.title} on #{event.date}"
+         to: recipients.map(&:email),
+         subject: "You’re invited to #{event.title} on #{event.date}"
   end
 
   # Ruby allows you to pass arguments to a method without using parentheses. Ruby programmers lovingly
@@ -21,7 +23,9 @@ def all_the_sugar(recipients, event, message)
   # Copy the contents of the previous method here and remove this sugar.
   #
   def desugared_poetry(recipients, event, message)
-    implement_me!
+    mail(message,
+      to: recipients.map(&:email),
+      subject: "You’re invited to #{event.title} on #{event.date}")
   end
 
   # Ruby allows you to pass arguments identified by name instead of just by position. They are really just
@@ -36,7 +40,9 @@ def desugared_poetry(recipients, event, message)
   # Copy the contents of the previous method here and remove this sugar.
   #
   def desugared_named_args(recipients, event, message)
-    implement_me!
+    mail(message,
+         {to: recipients.map(&:email),
+          subject: "You’re invited to #{event.title} on #{event.date}"})
   end
 
   # Ruby’s general syntax for hashes is `{key => value, key => value, ...}`. Because it is so common to use
@@ -51,7 +57,9 @@ def desugared_named_args(recipients, event, message)
   # Copy the contents of the previous method here and remove this sugar.
   #
   def desugared_symbol_keys(recipients, event, message)
-    implement_me!
+    mail(message,
+         {:to => recipients.map(&:email),
+          :subject => "You’re invited to #{event.title} on #{event.date}"})
   end
 
   # You may be wondering how `map(&:email)` works. When you precede the last argument of a method call with
@@ -70,7 +78,9 @@ def desugared_symbol_keys(recipients, event, message)
   # Copy the contents of the previous method here and remove this sugar.
   #
   def desugared_attr_proc(recipients, event, message)
-    implement_me!
+    mail(message,
+         {:to => recipients.map{ |x| x.email },
+          :subject => "You’re invited to #{event.title} on #{event.date}"})
   end
 
   # You may recall from the Ruby koans that when you put `#{something}` in a `"`-delimited string, Ruby will
@@ -88,7 +98,9 @@ def desugared_attr_proc(recipients, event, message)
   # Copy the contents of the previous method here and remove this sugar.
   #
   def desugared_interpolation(recipients, event, message)
-    implement_me!
+    mail(message,
+         {:to => recipients.map{ |x| x.email },
+          :subject => "You’re invited to " + event.title.to_s + " on " + event.date.to_s})
   end
 
   # Ruby tracks local variables lexically at compile time. Wherever you say `x = y`, the compiler assumes that
@@ -110,7 +122,9 @@ def desugared_interpolation(recipients, event, message)
   # (Think: which names are local variables, and which are not?)
   #
   def desugared_implicit_self(recipients, event, message)
-    implement_me!
+    self.mail(message,
+         {:to => recipients.map{ |x| x.email },
+          :subject => "You’re invited to " + event.title.to_s + " on " + event.date.to_s})
   end
 
   # In Ruby, unlike Python, there are no properties distinct from method calls. When you say `x.y`, you are
@@ -131,7 +145,9 @@ def desugared_implicit_self(recipients, event, message)
   # but structurally quite similar!
   #
   def desugared_implicit_parens(recipients, event, message)
-    implement_me!
+    self.mail(message,
+         {:to => recipients.map(){ |x| x.email() },
+          :subject => "You’re invited to " + event.title().to_s() + " on " + event.date().to_s()})
   end
 
   # In Ruby, every value is an object and every action is a method call. That includes operators. A binary
@@ -153,7 +169,7 @@ def desugared_implicit_parens(recipients, event, message)
   #   get added before the things on the right. (a + b + c) means ((a + b) + c), NOT (a + (b + c)).
   #
   def desugared_operators(recipients, event, message)
-    implement_me!
+    self.mail(message,{:to => recipients.map(){ |x| x.email() }, :subject => ((("You’re invited to ".+(event.title.to_s())).+(' on ')).+(event.date.to_s()))})
   end
 
   # Compare that to the version at the top.
diff --git a/lib/retail_transaction.rb b/lib/retail_transaction.rb
index 1bfa0e3..545e1f0 100644
--- a/lib/retail_transaction.rb
+++ b/lib/retail_transaction.rb
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ def paid?
     state :processing_payment
     state :payment_declined
     state :settled
+    state :refunded
 
     event :check_out do
       transitions from: :ringing_up, to: :collecting_payment,
@@ -61,5 +62,9 @@ def paid?
     event :payment_declined do
       transitions from: :processing_payment, to: :payment_declined
     end
+
+    event :refund do
+      transitions from: :settled, to: :refunded
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/test/retail_transaction_test.rb b/test/retail_transaction_test.rb
index 823cbfe..5153eb5 100644
--- a/test/retail_transaction_test.rb
+++ b/test/retail_transaction_test.rb
@@ -103,6 +103,11 @@
       assert_equal false, tx.settled?
       assert_equal true,  tx.payment_declined?
     end
+
+    # No. 2 - ensure can't be refunded
+    it "cannot be refunded" do
+      assert_invalid_transition{ tx.refund! }
+    end
   end
 
   describe "with declined payment" do
@@ -114,6 +119,11 @@
       tx.payment_declined!
     end
 
+    # No. 2 - ensure can't be refunded
+    it "cannot be refunded" do
+      assert_invalid_transition{ tx.refund! }
+    end
+
     it "cannot add more items" do
       assert_raises do
         tx.add_item("half a slice of bologna")
@@ -149,8 +159,36 @@
       tx.payment_authorized!
     end
 
+    # Settled cannot be reopened
+      it "cannot be reopened" do
+        assert_invalid_transition { tx.reopen! }
+      end
+
+    # No. 1: check if can be refunded?
+      it "can be refunded" do
+        tx.refund!
+        assert_equal false, tx.settled?
+        assert_equal true, tx.refunded?
+      end
+  end
+
+  describe "refunded" do # No 3. describe group for orders already refunded/in refund state
+    # No. 4 Cannot be refunded for second time
+    it "cannot be refunded a second time" do
+      assert_invalid_transition {tx. refund! }
+  end
+
+    # No. 5 Refunded cannot be reopened, same as settled
     it "cannot be reopened" do
       assert_invalid_transition { tx.reopen! }
     end
+
   end
+
+  # Refund tests
+  # 1. Test that ensures a settled order can be refunded
+  # 2. Add tests to one or two other states that ensure they cannot be refunded
+  # 3. New describe group for orders that are already refunded
+  # 4. Test transactions cannot be refunded a second time
+  # 5. Test a refunded order cannot be reopened
 end
diff --git a/test/test_helper.rb b/test/test_helper.rb
index a343433..296289d 100644
--- a/test/test_helper.rb
+++ b/test/test_helper.rb
@@ -8,8 +8,9 @@
 
 # To see full test names when running tests:
 #
-# require "minitest/reporters"
-# Minitest::Reporters.use! Minitest::Reporters::SpecReporter.new
+# only helpful for retail transaction tests/dedbolt
+#require "minitest/reporters"
+#Minitest::Reporters.use! Minitest::Reporters::SpecReporter.new
 
 module Minitest::Assertions
   def assert_invalid_transition