diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 9372e45..3727234 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -29,6 +29,44 @@ version = "0.2.21"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "683d7910e743518b0e34f1186f92494becacb047c7b6bf616c96772180fef923"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "alloy-primitives"
+version = "1.6.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4885c1409b6936c4898e646ef58baf6ec54edaf6d8179f79df805a7b85b7cf3e"
+dependencies = [
+ "alloy-rlp",
+ "bytes",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "const-hex",
+ "derive_more",
+ "foldhash 0.2.0",
+ "hashbrown 0.17.1",
+ "indexmap 2.14.0",
+ "itoa",
+ "k256",
+ "keccak-asm",
+ "paste",
+ "proptest",
+ "rand 0.9.4",
+ "rapidhash",
+ "ruint",
+ "rustc-hash",
+ "secp256k1",
+ "serde",
+ "sha3",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "alloy-rlp"
+version = "0.3.15"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dc90b1e703d3c03f4ff7f48e82dd0bc1c8211ab7d079cd836a06fcfeb06651cb"
+dependencies = [
+ "arrayvec",
+ "bytes",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "amm-methods"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -81,9 +119,9 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d69eab57e8d2663efa5c63135b2af4f396d66424f88954c21104125ab6b3e6bc"
 dependencies = [
  "ark-ec",
- "ark-ff",
+ "ark-ff 0.5.0",
  "ark-r1cs-std",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-std 0.5.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -95,14 +133,14 @@ dependencies = [
  "ahash",
  "ark-crypto-primitives-macros",
  "ark-ec",
- "ark-ff",
+ "ark-ff 0.5.0",
  "ark-relations",
- "ark-serialize",
+ "ark-serialize 0.5.0",
  "ark-snark",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-std 0.5.0",
  "blake2",
  "derivative",
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
  "fnv",
  "merlin",
  "sha2",
@@ -126,10 +164,10 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "43d68f2d516162846c1238e755a7c4d131b892b70cc70c471a8e3ca3ed818fce"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash",
- "ark-ff",
+ "ark-ff 0.5.0",
  "ark-poly",
- "ark-serialize",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-serialize 0.5.0",
+ "ark-std 0.5.0",
  "educe",
  "fnv",
  "hashbrown 0.15.5",
@@ -140,18 +178,56 @@ dependencies = [
  "zeroize",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-ff"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6b3235cc41ee7a12aaaf2c575a2ad7b46713a8a50bda2fc3b003a04845c05dd6"
+dependencies = [
+ "ark-ff-asm 0.3.0",
+ "ark-ff-macros 0.3.0",
+ "ark-serialize 0.3.0",
+ "ark-std 0.3.0",
+ "derivative",
+ "num-bigint",
+ "num-traits",
+ "paste",
+ "rustc_version 0.3.3",
+ "zeroize",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-ff"
+version = "0.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ec847af850f44ad29048935519032c33da8aa03340876d351dfab5660d2966ba"
+dependencies = [
+ "ark-ff-asm 0.4.2",
+ "ark-ff-macros 0.4.2",
+ "ark-serialize 0.4.2",
+ "ark-std 0.4.0",
+ "derivative",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
+ "itertools 0.10.5",
+ "num-bigint",
+ "num-traits",
+ "paste",
+ "rustc_version 0.4.1",
+ "zeroize",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ark-ff"
 version = "0.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a177aba0ed1e0fbb62aa9f6d0502e9b46dad8c2eab04c14258a1212d2557ea70"
 dependencies = [
- "ark-ff-asm",
- "ark-ff-macros",
- "ark-serialize",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-ff-asm 0.5.0",
+ "ark-ff-macros 0.5.0",
+ "ark-serialize 0.5.0",
+ "ark-std 0.5.0",
  "arrayvec",
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
  "educe",
  "itertools 0.13.0",
  "num-bigint",
@@ -160,6 +236,26 @@ dependencies = [
  "zeroize",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-ff-asm"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "db02d390bf6643fb404d3d22d31aee1c4bc4459600aef9113833d17e786c6e44"
+dependencies = [
+ "quote",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-ff-asm"
+version = "0.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3ed4aa4fe255d0bc6d79373f7e31d2ea147bcf486cba1be5ba7ea85abdb92348"
+dependencies = [
+ "quote",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ark-ff-asm"
 version = "0.5.0"
@@ -170,6 +266,31 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-ff-macros"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "db2fd794a08ccb318058009eefdf15bcaaaaf6f8161eb3345f907222bac38b20"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-bigint",
+ "num-traits",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-ff-macros"
+version = "0.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7abe79b0e4288889c4574159ab790824d0033b9fdcb2a112a3182fac2e514565"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-bigint",
+ "num-traits",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ark-ff-macros"
 version = "0.5.0"
@@ -191,11 +312,11 @@ checksum = "88f1d0f3a534bb54188b8dcc104307db6c56cdae574ddc3212aec0625740fc7e"
 dependencies = [
  "ark-crypto-primitives",
  "ark-ec",
- "ark-ff",
+ "ark-ff 0.5.0",
  "ark-poly",
  "ark-relations",
- "ark-serialize",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-serialize 0.5.0",
+ "ark-std 0.5.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -205,9 +326,9 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "579305839da207f02b89cd1679e50e67b4331e2f9294a57693e5051b7703fe27"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash",
- "ark-ff",
- "ark-serialize",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-ff 0.5.0",
+ "ark-serialize 0.5.0",
+ "ark-std 0.5.0",
  "educe",
  "fnv",
  "hashbrown 0.15.5",
@@ -220,9 +341,9 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "941551ef1df4c7a401de7068758db6503598e6f01850bdb2cfdb614a1f9dbea1"
 dependencies = [
  "ark-ec",
- "ark-ff",
+ "ark-ff 0.5.0",
  "ark-relations",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-std 0.5.0",
  "educe",
  "num-bigint",
  "num-integer",
@@ -236,12 +357,33 @@ version = "0.5.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ec46ddc93e7af44bcab5230937635b06fb5744464dd6a7e7b083e80ebd274384"
 dependencies = [
- "ark-ff",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-ff 0.5.0",
+ "ark-std 0.5.0",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-subscriber",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-serialize"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1d6c2b318ee6e10f8c2853e73a83adc0ccb88995aa978d8a3408d492ab2ee671"
+dependencies = [
+ "ark-std 0.3.0",
+ "digest 0.9.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-serialize"
+version = "0.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "adb7b85a02b83d2f22f89bd5cac66c9c89474240cb6207cb1efc16d098e822a5"
+dependencies = [
+ "ark-std 0.4.0",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
+ "num-bigint",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ark-serialize"
 version = "0.5.0"
@@ -249,9 +391,9 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "3f4d068aaf107ebcd7dfb52bc748f8030e0fc930ac8e360146ca54c1203088f7"
 dependencies = [
  "ark-serialize-derive",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-std 0.5.0",
  "arrayvec",
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
  "num-bigint",
 ]
 
@@ -272,10 +414,30 @@ version = "0.5.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d368e2848c2d4c129ce7679a7d0d2d612b6a274d3ea6a13bad4445d61b381b88"
 dependencies = [
- "ark-ff",
+ "ark-ff 0.5.0",
  "ark-relations",
- "ark-serialize",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-serialize 0.5.0",
+ "ark-std 0.5.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-std"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1df2c09229cbc5a028b1d70e00fdb2acee28b1055dfb5ca73eea49c5a25c4e7c"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-traits",
+ "rand 0.8.6",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-std"
+version = "0.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "94893f1e0c6eeab764ade8dc4c0db24caf4fe7cbbaafc0eba0a9030f447b5185"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-traits",
+ "rand 0.8.6",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -334,11 +496,22 @@ version = "1.1.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1505bd5d3d116872e7271a6d4e16d81d0c8570876c8de68093a09ac269d8aac0"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "auto_impl"
+version = "1.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ffdcb70bdbc4d478427380519163274ac86e52916e10f0a8889adf0f96d3fee7"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "autocfg"
-version = "1.5.0"
+version = "1.5.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c08606f8c3cbf4ce6ec8e28fb0014a2c086708fe954eaa885384a6165172e7e8"
+checksum = "f2032f911046de80f0a198e0901378627c33f59ea0ac00e363d481118bd70a53"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "base16ct"
@@ -373,12 +546,37 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "bit-set"
+version = "0.8.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "08807e080ed7f9d5433fa9b275196cfc35414f66a0c79d864dc51a0d825231a3"
+dependencies = [
+ "bit-vec",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "bit-vec"
 version = "0.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5e764a1d40d510daf35e07be9eb06e75770908c27d411ee6c92109c9840eaaf7"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "bitcoin-io"
+version = "0.1.100"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "11301df0b06f22dea7bb1916403fdd88a371031e495c49b8f96931b28189e175"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bitcoin_hashes"
+version = "0.14.100"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0c9901a56e133a1fc86eeb1113e2591f45f4682451ca893bff494d2f88918e3f"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitcoin-io",
+ "hex-conservative",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "bitflags"
 version = "1.3.2"
@@ -391,13 +589,25 @@ version = "2.11.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c4512299f36f043ab09a583e57bceb5a5aab7a73db1805848e8fef3c9e8c78b3"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "bitvec"
+version = "1.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1bc2832c24239b0141d5674bb9174f9d68a8b5b3f2753311927c172ca46f7e9c"
+dependencies = [
+ "funty",
+ "radium",
+ "tap",
+ "wyz",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "blake2"
 version = "0.10.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "46502ad458c9a52b69d4d4d32775c788b7a1b85e8bc9d482d92250fc0e3f8efe"
 dependencies = [
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -472,9 +682,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bumpalo"
-version = "3.20.2"
+version = "3.20.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "72f5acc6cb2ba439de613abc23857ec3d78374d8ed5ac84e9d11336e87da8649"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "byte-slice-cast"
+version = "1.2.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5d20789868f4b01b2f2caec9f5c4e0213b41e3e5702a50157d699ae31ced2fcb"
+checksum = "7575182f7272186991736b70173b0ea045398f984bf5ebbb3804736ce1330c9d"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bytemuck"
@@ -546,7 +762,7 @@ checksum = "dd5eb614ed4c27c5d706420e4320fbe3216ab31fa1c33cd8246ac36dae4479ba"
 dependencies = [
  "camino",
  "cargo-platform",
- "semver",
+ "semver 1.0.28",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "thiserror 2.0.18",
@@ -599,12 +815,12 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cipher"
-version = "0.5.1"
+version = "0.5.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e34d8227fe1ba289043aeb13792056ff80fd6de1a9f49137a5f499de8e8c78ea"
+checksum = "e8cf2a2c93cd704877c0858356ed03480ff301ee950b43f1cbe4573b088bfa6c"
 dependencies = [
  "block-buffer 0.12.0",
- "crypto-common 0.2.1",
+ "crypto-common 0.2.2",
  "inout",
 ]
 
@@ -626,12 +842,54 @@ dependencies = [
  "thiserror 2.0.18",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "const-hex"
+version = "1.19.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "33e2a781ebdf4467d1428dc4593067825fb646f6871475098d8577421af73558"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "cpufeatures 0.2.17",
+ "proptest",
+ "serde_core",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "const-oid"
 version = "0.9.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c2459377285ad874054d797f3ccebf984978aa39129f6eafde5cdc8315b612f8"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "const_format"
+version = "0.2.36"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4481a617ad9a412be3b97c5d403fef8ed023103368908b9c50af598ff467cc1e"
+dependencies = [
+ "const_format_proc_macros",
+ "konst",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "const_format_proc_macros"
+version = "0.2.34"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1d57c2eccfb16dbac1f4e61e206105db5820c9d26c3c472bc17c774259ef7744"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "unicode-xid",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "convert_case"
+version = "0.10.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "633458d4ef8c78b72454de2d54fd6ab2e60f9e02be22f3c6104cdc8a4e0fceb9"
+dependencies = [
+ "unicode-segmentation",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "core-foundation"
 version = "0.9.4"
@@ -677,6 +935,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "crunchy"
+version = "0.2.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "460fbee9c2c2f33933d720630a6a0bac33ba7053db5344fac858d4b8952d77d5"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "crypto-bigint"
 version = "0.5.5"
@@ -701,9 +965,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "crypto-common"
-version = "0.2.1"
+version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "77727bb15fa921304124b128af125e7e3b968275d1b108b379190264f4423710"
+checksum = "ce6e4c961d6cd6c9a86db418387425e8bdeaf05b3c8bc1411e6dca4c252f1453"
 dependencies = [
  "hybrid-array",
 ]
@@ -855,13 +1119,23 @@ version = "2.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "799a97264921d8623a957f6c3b9011f3b5492f557bbb7a5a19b7fa6d06ba8dcb"
 dependencies = [
+ "convert_case",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "rustc_version",
+ "rustc_version 0.4.1",
  "syn 2.0.117",
  "unicode-xid",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "digest"
+version = "0.9.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d3dd60d1080a57a05ab032377049e0591415d2b31afd7028356dbf3cc6dcb066"
+dependencies = [
+ "generic-array",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "digest"
 version = "0.10.7"
@@ -874,6 +1148,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "subtle",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "digest"
+version = "0.11.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f1dd6dbb5841937940781866fa1281a1ff7bd3bf827091440879f9994983d5c2"
+dependencies = [
+ "block-buffer 0.12.0",
+ "crypto-common 0.2.2",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "dirs"
 version = "6.0.0"
@@ -892,14 +1176,14 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "option-ext",
  "redox_users",
- "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+ "windows-sys 0.60.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "displaydoc"
-version = "0.2.5"
+version = "0.2.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "97369cbbc041bc366949bc74d34658d6cda5621039731c6310521892a3a20ae0"
+checksum = "1ac70aa55017e108007fbaf5aa0f54b021c98f92ff8af59d42eda9da96e3dd4f"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -942,7 +1226,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ee27f32b5c5292967d2d4a9d7f1e0b0aed2c15daded5a60300e4abb9d8020bca"
 dependencies = [
  "der",
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
  "elliptic-curve",
  "rfc6979",
  "serdect",
@@ -964,9 +1248,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "either"
-version = "1.15.0"
+version = "1.16.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "48c757948c5ede0e46177b7add2e67155f70e33c07fea8284df6576da70b3719"
+checksum = "91622ff5e7162018101f2fea40d6ebf4a78bbe5a49736a2020649edf9693679e"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "elf"
@@ -982,7 +1266,7 @@ checksum = "b5e6043086bf7973472e0c7dff2142ea0b680d30e18d9cc40f267efbf222bd47"
 dependencies = [
  "base16ct",
  "crypto-bigint",
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
  "ff",
  "generic-array",
  "group",
@@ -1049,7 +1333,17 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "39cab71617ae0d63f51a36d69f866391735b51691dbda63cf6f96d042b63efeb"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
- "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "eyre"
+version = "0.6.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7cd915d99f24784cdc19fd37ef22b97e3ff0ae756c7e492e9fbfe897d61e2aec"
+dependencies = [
+ "indenter",
+ "once_cell",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1058,6 +1352,28 @@ version = "2.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9f1f227452a390804cdb637b74a86990f2a7d7ba4b7d5693aac9b4dd6defd8d6"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "fastrlp"
+version = "0.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "139834ddba373bbdd213dffe02c8d110508dcf1726c2be27e8d1f7d7e1856418"
+dependencies = [
+ "arrayvec",
+ "auto_impl",
+ "bytes",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "fastrlp"
+version = "0.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ce8dba4714ef14b8274c371879b175aa55b16b30f269663f19d576f380018dc4"
+dependencies = [
+ "arrayvec",
+ "auto_impl",
+ "bytes",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ff"
 version = "0.13.1"
@@ -1074,6 +1390,18 @@ version = "0.1.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5baebc0774151f905a1a2cc41989300b1e6fbb29aff0ceffa1064fdd3088d582"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "fixed-hash"
+version = "0.8.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "835c052cb0c08c1acf6ffd71c022172e18723949c8282f2b9f27efbc51e64534"
+dependencies = [
+ "byteorder",
+ "rand 0.8.6",
+ "rustc-hex",
+ "static_assertions",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "fnv"
 version = "1.0.7"
@@ -1086,6 +1414,12 @@ version = "0.1.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d9c4f5dac5e15c24eb999c26181a6ca40b39fe946cbe4c263c7209467bc83af2"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "foldhash"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "77ce24cb58228fbb8aa041425bb1050850ac19177686ea6e0f41a70416f56fdb"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "foreign-types"
 version = "0.5.0"
@@ -1122,6 +1456,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "percent-encoding",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "funty"
+version = "2.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e6d5a32815ae3f33302d95fdcb2ce17862f8c65363dcfd29360480ba1001fc9c"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-channel"
 version = "0.3.32"
@@ -1258,7 +1598,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9229cfe53dfd69f0609a49f65461bd93001ea1ef889cd5529dd176593f5338a1"
 dependencies = [
  "allocator-api2",
- "foldhash",
+ "foldhash 0.1.5",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1266,6 +1606,9 @@ name = "hashbrown"
 version = "0.17.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ed5909b6e89a2db4456e54cd5f673791d7eca6732202bbf2a9cc504fe2f9b84a"
+dependencies = [
+ "foldhash 0.2.0",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hashlink"
@@ -1288,6 +1631,15 @@ version = "0.4.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7f24254aa9a54b5c858eaee2f5bccdb46aaf0e486a595ed5fd8f86ba55232a70"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "hex-conservative"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fda06d18ac606267c40c04e41b9947729bf8b9efe74bd4e82b61a5f26a510b9f"
+dependencies = [
+ "arrayvec",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "hex-literal"
 version = "0.4.1"
@@ -1300,14 +1652,14 @@ version = "0.12.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6c49c37c09c17a53d937dfbb742eb3a961d65a994e6bcdcf37e7399d0cc8ab5e"
 dependencies = [
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "http"
-version = "1.4.0"
+version = "1.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e3ba2a386d7f85a81f119ad7498ebe444d2e22c2af0b86b069416ace48b3311a"
+checksum = "8be7462df143984c4598a256ef469b251d7d7f9e271135073e78fc535414f3d0"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "itoa",
@@ -1353,9 +1705,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hyper"
-version = "1.9.0"
+version = "1.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6299f016b246a94207e63da54dbe807655bf9e00044f73ded42c3ac5305fbcca"
+checksum = "eb92f162bf56536459fc83c79b974bb12837acfed43d6bc370a7916d0ae15ecc"
 dependencies = [
  "atomic-waker",
  "bytes",
@@ -1558,12 +1910,38 @@ dependencies = [
  "icu_properties",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "impl-codec"
+version = "0.6.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ba6a270039626615617f3f36d15fc827041df3b78c439da2cadfa47455a77f2f"
+dependencies = [
+ "parity-scale-codec",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "impl-trait-for-tuples"
+version = "0.2.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a0eb5a3343abf848c0984fe4604b2b105da9539376e24fc0a3b0007411ae4fd9"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "include_bytes_aligned"
 version = "0.1.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4ee796ad498c8d9a1d68e477df8f754ed784ef875de1414ebdaf169f70a6a784"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "indenter"
+version = "0.3.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "964de6e86d545b246d84badc0fef527924ace5134f30641c203ef52ba83f58d5"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "indexmap"
 version = "1.9.3"
@@ -1618,6 +1996,15 @@ version = "2.12.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d98f6fed1fde3f8c21bc40a1abb88dd75e67924f9cffc3ef95607bad8017f8e2"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "itertools"
+version = "0.10.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b0fd2260e829bddf4cb6ea802289de2f86d6a7a690192fbe91b3f46e0f2c8473"
+dependencies = [
+ "either",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "itertools"
 version = "0.13.0"
@@ -1644,9 +2031,9 @@ checksum = "8f42a60cbdf9a97f5d2305f08a87dc4e09308d1276d28c869c684d7777685682"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "js-sys"
-version = "0.3.98"
+version = "0.3.99"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "67df7112613f8bfd9150013a0314e196f4800d3201ae742489d999db2f979f08"
+checksum = "142bc4740e452c1e57ade0cbc129f139c9093e354346f0872ef985f4f5cf5f11"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "futures-util",
@@ -1678,6 +2065,41 @@ dependencies = [
  "cpufeatures 0.2.17",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "keccak"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9e24a010dd405bd7ed803e5253182815b41bf2e6a80cc3bfc066658e03a198aa"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "cpufeatures 0.3.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "keccak-asm"
+version = "0.1.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1766b89733097006f3a1388a02849865d6bc98c89273cb622e29fdd209922183"
+dependencies = [
+ "digest 0.10.7",
+ "sha3-asm",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "konst"
+version = "0.2.20"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "128133ed7824fcd73d6e7b17957c5eb7bacb885649bd8c69708b2331a10bcefb"
+dependencies = [
+ "konst_macro_rules",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "konst_macro_rules"
+version = "0.2.19"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a4933f3f57a8e9d9da04db23fb153356ecaf00cbd14aee46279c33dc80925c37"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "lazy-regex"
 version = "3.6.0"
@@ -1730,9 +2152,9 @@ checksum = "b6d2cec3eae94f9f509c767b45932f1ada8350c4bdb85af2fcab4a3c14807981"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libredox"
-version = "0.1.16"
+version = "0.1.17"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e02f3bb43d335493c96bf3fd3a321600bf6bd07ed34bc64118e9293bdffea46c"
+checksum = "f02ab6bace2054fb888a3c16f990117b579d14a3088e472d63c6011fa185c9d3"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
@@ -1751,9 +2173,9 @@ checksum = "92daf443525c4cce67b150400bc2316076100ce0b3686209eb8cf3c31612e6f0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "log"
-version = "0.4.29"
+version = "0.4.30"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5e5032e24019045c762d3c0f28f5b6b8bbf38563a65908389bf7978758920897"
+checksum = "616ec5685824bcc94416c6d4a7a446eea774a31efd7062c8480ba6fd06d7a6e5"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lru-slab"
@@ -1772,9 +2194,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "maybe-async"
-version = "0.2.10"
+version = "0.2.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5cf92c10c7e361d6b99666ec1c6f9805b0bea2c3bd8c78dc6fe98ac5bd78db11"
+checksum = "746873a384ad60adc5db74471dfaba74bd278afbdcfd81db93fafcdfc8b5ca0c"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -1783,9 +2205,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "memchr"
-version = "2.8.0"
+version = "2.8.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f8ca58f447f06ed17d5fc4043ce1b10dd205e060fb3ce5b979b8ed8e59ff3f79"
+checksum = "6b947ae49db0d222b1dbc6b113ce7248a3fc3a6ca21b696717bfc000ba4484d8"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "merlin"
@@ -1794,7 +2216,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "58c38e2799fc0978b65dfff8023ec7843e2330bb462f19198840b34b6582397d"
 dependencies = [
  "byteorder",
- "keccak",
+ "keccak 0.1.6",
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
  "zeroize",
 ]
@@ -1898,9 +2320,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "num-conv"
-version = "0.2.1"
+version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c6673768db2d862beb9b39a78fdcb1a69439615d5794a1be50caa9bc92c81967"
+checksum = "521739c6d2bac4aa25192232afe6841231376b2b26d4d9fae5ecf8ca5772e441"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "num-integer"
@@ -1974,6 +2396,34 @@ version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "04744f49eae99ab78e0d5c0b603ab218f515ea8cfe5a456d7629ad883a3b6e7d"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "parity-scale-codec"
+version = "3.7.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "799781ae679d79a948e13d4824a40970bfa500058d245760dd857301059810fa"
+dependencies = [
+ "arrayvec",
+ "bitvec",
+ "byte-slice-cast",
+ "const_format",
+ "impl-trait-for-tuples",
+ "parity-scale-codec-derive",
+ "rustversion",
+ "serde",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "parity-scale-codec-derive"
+version = "3.7.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "34b4653168b563151153c9e4c08ebed57fb8262bebfa79711552fa983c623e7a"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro-crate",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "paste"
 version = "1.0.15"
@@ -1995,6 +2445,16 @@ version = "2.3.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9b4f627cb1b25917193a259e49bdad08f671f8d9708acfd5fe0a8c1455d87220"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pest"
+version = "2.8.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e0848c601009d37dfa3430c4666e147e49cdcf1b92ecd3e63657d8a5f19da662"
+dependencies = [
+ "memchr",
+ "ucd-trie",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pin-project-lite"
 version = "0.2.17"
@@ -2068,13 +2528,24 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "primitive-types"
+version = "0.12.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0b34d9fd68ae0b74a41b21c03c2f62847aa0ffea044eee893b4c140b37e244e2"
+dependencies = [
+ "fixed-hash",
+ "impl-codec",
+ "uint",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro-crate"
 version = "3.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e67ba7e9b2b56446f1d419b1d807906278ffa1a658a8a5d8a39dcb1f5a78614f"
 dependencies = [
- "toml_edit 0.25.11+spec-1.1.0",
+ "toml_edit 0.25.12+spec-1.1.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2104,11 +2575,16 @@ version = "1.11.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4b45fcc2344c680f5025fe57779faef368840d0bd1f42f216291f0dc4ace4744"
 dependencies = [
+ "bit-set",
+ "bit-vec",
  "bitflags 2.11.1",
  "num-traits",
  "rand 0.9.4",
  "rand_chacha 0.9.0",
  "rand_xorshift",
+ "regex-syntax",
+ "rusty-fork",
+ "tempfile",
  "unarray",
 ]
 
@@ -2135,6 +2611,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "quick-error"
+version = "1.2.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a1d01941d82fa2ab50be1e79e6714289dd7cde78eba4c074bc5a4374f650dfe0"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "quinn"
 version = "0.11.9"
@@ -2211,6 +2693,12 @@ version = "6.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f8dcc9c7d52a811697d2151c701e0d08956f92b0e24136cf4cf27b57a6a0d9bf"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "radium"
+version = "0.7.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dc33ff2d4973d518d823d61aa239014831e521c75da58e3df4840d3f47749d09"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rand"
 version = "0.8.6"
@@ -2279,6 +2767,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "rand_core 0.9.5",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rapidhash"
+version = "4.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b5e48930979c155e2f33aa36ab3119b5ee81332beb6482199a8ecd6029b80b59"
+dependencies = [
+ "rustversion",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "redox_users"
 version = "0.5.2"
@@ -2422,7 +2919,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "risc0-zkp",
  "risc0-zkvm-platform",
  "ruint",
- "semver",
+ "semver 1.0.28",
  "serde",
  "tracing",
 ]
@@ -2444,7 +2941,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "risc0-zkp",
  "risc0-zkvm-platform",
  "rzup",
- "semver",
+ "semver 1.0.28",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "stability",
@@ -2519,9 +3016,9 @@ dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "ark-bn254",
  "ark-ec",
- "ark-ff",
+ "ark-ff 0.5.0",
  "ark-groth16",
- "ark-serialize",
+ "ark-serialize 0.5.0",
  "bytemuck",
  "hex",
  "num-bigint",
@@ -2553,7 +3050,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "borsh",
  "bytemuck",
  "cfg-if",
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
  "hex",
  "hex-literal",
  "metal",
@@ -2595,7 +3092,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "risc0-zkvm-platform",
  "rrs-lib",
  "rzup",
- "semver",
+ "semver 1.0.28",
  "serde",
  "sha2",
  "stability",
@@ -2619,6 +3116,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "stability",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rlp"
+version = "0.5.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bb919243f34364b6bd2fc10ef797edbfa75f33c252e7998527479c6d6b47e1ec"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytes",
+ "rustc-hex",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rrs-lib"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -2636,7 +3143,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b8573f03f5883dcaebdfcf4725caa1ecb9c15b2ef50c43a07b816e06799bb12d"
 dependencies = [
  "const-oid",
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
  "num-bigint-dig",
  "num-integer",
  "num-traits",
@@ -2651,14 +3158,27 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ruint"
-version = "1.18.0"
+version = "1.17.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0298da754d1395046b0afdc2f20ee76d29a8ae310cd30ffa84ed42acba9cb12a"
+checksum = "a68df0380e5c9d20ce49534f292a36a7514ae21350726efe1865bdb1fa91d278"
 dependencies = [
+ "alloy-rlp",
+ "ark-ff 0.3.0",
+ "ark-ff 0.4.2",
+ "ark-ff 0.5.0",
  "borsh",
+ "bytes",
+ "fastrlp 0.3.1",
+ "fastrlp 0.4.0",
+ "num-bigint",
+ "num-integer",
+ "num-traits",
+ "parity-scale-codec",
+ "primitive-types",
  "proptest",
  "rand 0.8.6",
  "rand 0.9.4",
+ "rlp",
  "ruint-macro",
  "serde_core",
  "valuable",
@@ -2677,13 +3197,28 @@ version = "2.1.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "94300abf3f1ae2e2b8ffb7b58043de3d399c73fa6f4b73826402a5c457614dbe"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rustc-hex"
+version = "2.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3e75f6a532d0fd9f7f13144f392b6ad56a32696bfcd9c78f797f16bbb6f072d6"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rustc_version"
+version = "0.3.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f0dfe2087c51c460008730de8b57e6a320782fbfb312e1f4d520e6c6fae155ee"
+dependencies = [
+ "semver 0.11.0",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rustc_version"
 version = "0.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "cfcb3a22ef46e85b45de6ee7e79d063319ebb6594faafcf1c225ea92ab6e9b92"
 dependencies = [
- "semver",
+ "semver 1.0.28",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2696,7 +3231,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "errno",
  "libc",
  "linux-raw-sys",
- "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2740,6 +3275,18 @@ version = "1.0.22"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b39cdef0fa800fc44525c84ccb54a029961a8215f9619753635a9c0d2538d46d"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rusty-fork"
+version = "0.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cc6bf79ff24e648f6da1f8d1f011e9cac26491b619e6b9280f2b47f1774e6ee2"
+dependencies = [
+ "fnv",
+ "quick-error",
+ "tempfile",
+ "wait-timeout",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ryu"
 version = "1.0.23"
@@ -2754,7 +3301,7 @@ checksum = "5d2aed296f203fa64bcb4b52069356dd86d6ec578593985b919b6995bee1f0ae"
 dependencies = [
  "hex",
  "rsa",
- "semver",
+ "semver 1.0.28",
  "serde",
  "serde_with",
  "sha2",
@@ -2804,6 +3351,35 @@ dependencies = [
  "zeroize",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "secp256k1"
+version = "0.31.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2c3c81b43dc2d8877c216a3fccf76677ee1ebccd429566d3e67447290d0c42b2"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitcoin_hashes",
+ "rand 0.9.4",
+ "secp256k1-sys",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "secp256k1-sys"
+version = "0.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dcb913707158fadaf0d8702c2db0e857de66eb003ccfdda5924b5f5ac98efb38"
+dependencies = [
+ "cc",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "semver"
+version = "0.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f301af10236f6df4160f7c3f04eec6dbc70ace82d23326abad5edee88801c6b6"
+dependencies = [
+ "semver-parser",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "semver"
 version = "1.0.28"
@@ -2814,6 +3390,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde_core",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "semver-parser"
+version = "0.10.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9900206b54a3527fdc7b8a938bffd94a568bac4f4aa8113b209df75a09c0dec2"
+dependencies = [
+ "pest",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "serde"
 version = "1.0.228"
@@ -2846,9 +3431,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_json"
-version = "1.0.149"
+version = "1.0.150"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "83fc039473c5595ace860d8c4fafa220ff474b3fc6bfdb4293327f1a37e94d86"
+checksum = "e8014e44b4736ed0538adeecded0fce2a272f22dc9578a7eb6b2d9993c74cfb9"
 dependencies = [
  "itoa",
  "memchr",
@@ -2928,7 +3513,27 @@ checksum = "a7507d819769d01a365ab707794a4084392c824f54a7a6a7862f8c3d0892b283"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "cpufeatures 0.2.17",
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sha3"
+version = "0.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "be176f1a57ce4e3d31c1a166222d9768de5954f811601fb7ca06fc8203905ce1"
+dependencies = [
+ "digest 0.11.3",
+ "keccak 0.2.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sha3-asm"
+version = "0.1.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9f3f15d4e239ebe08413eed880e0f9b5af4b40ee0472543320efa91d488e96a7"
+dependencies = [
+ "cc",
+ "cfg-if",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2943,7 +3548,7 @@ version = "2.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "77549399552de45a898a580c1b41d445bf730df867cc44e6c0233bbc4b8329de"
 dependencies = [
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
 ]
 
@@ -2966,7 +3571,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "3a766e1110788c36f4fa1c2b71b387a7815aa65f88ce0229841826633d93723e"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
- "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+ "windows-sys 0.60.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3059,6 +3664,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "token_core",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "static_assertions"
+version = "1.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a2eb9349b6444b326872e140eb1cf5e7c522154d69e7a0ffb0fb81c06b37543f"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "strsim"
 version = "0.11.1"
@@ -3134,6 +3745,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "tap"
+version = "1.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "55937e1799185b12863d447f42597ed69d9928686b8d88a1df17376a097d8369"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "tempfile"
 version = "3.27.0"
@@ -3144,7 +3761,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "getrandom 0.4.2",
  "once_cell",
  "rustix",
- "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3353,14 +3970,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "toml_edit"
-version = "0.25.11+spec-1.1.0"
+version = "0.25.12+spec-1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0b59c4d22ed448339746c59b905d24568fcbb3ab65a500494f7b8c3e97739f2b"
+checksum = "d2153edc6955a6c354fad8f5efd38b6a8769bdccf9fe50f8e1329f81b0baa5d7"
 dependencies = [
  "indexmap 2.14.0",
  "toml_datetime 1.1.1+spec-1.1.0",
  "toml_parser",
- "winnow 1.0.2",
+ "winnow 1.0.3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3369,7 +3986,7 @@ version = "1.1.2+spec-1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a2abe9b86193656635d2411dc43050282ca48aa31c2451210f4202550afb7526"
 dependencies = [
- "winnow 1.0.2",
+ "winnow 1.0.3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3395,9 +4012,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tower-http"
-version = "0.6.10"
+version = "0.6.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "68d6fdd9f81c2819c9a8b0e0cd91660e7746a8e6ea2ba7c6b2b057985f6bcb51"
+checksum = "4cfcf7e2740e6fc6d4d688b4ef00650406bb94adf4731e43c096c3a19fe40840"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 2.11.1",
  "bytes",
@@ -3484,16 +4101,21 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "twap_oracle_core"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
+ "alloy-primitives",
  "borsh",
  "nssa_core",
+ "risc0-zkvm",
+ "ruint",
  "serde",
  "spel-framework-macros",
+ "uniswap_v3_math",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "twap_oracle_program"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
+ "clock_core",
  "nssa_core",
  "twap_oracle_core",
 ]
@@ -3504,6 +4126,24 @@ version = "1.20.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "40ce102ab67701b8526c123c1bab5cbe42d7040ccfd0f64af1a385808d2f43de"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ucd-trie"
+version = "0.1.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2896d95c02a80c6d6a5d6e953d479f5ddf2dfdb6a244441010e373ac0fb88971"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "uint"
+version = "0.9.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "76f64bba2c53b04fcab63c01a7d7427eadc821e3bc48c34dc9ba29c501164b52"
+dependencies = [
+ "byteorder",
+ "crunchy",
+ "hex",
+ "static_assertions",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "unarray"
 version = "0.1.4"
@@ -3516,12 +4156,29 @@ version = "1.0.24"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e6e4313cd5fcd3dad5cafa179702e2b244f760991f45397d14d4ebf38247da75"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-segmentation"
+version = "1.13.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c6f5d3c3b1bf09027a88a6bc961fc00497d651009560b5463668dc81b0fa87a8"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-xid"
 version = "0.2.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ebc1c04c71510c7f702b52b7c350734c9ff1295c464a03335b00bb84fc54f853"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "uniswap_v3_math"
+version = "0.6.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e393498a831893ce69ed6e1d06615e400bd1e8f97e9fcd113324f2d610fe6d45"
+dependencies = [
+ "alloy-primitives",
+ "eyre",
+ "thiserror 2.0.18",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "untrusted"
 version = "0.9.0"
@@ -3558,6 +4215,15 @@ version = "0.9.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0b928f33d975fc6ad9f86c8f283853ad26bdd5b10b7f1542aa2fa15e2289105a"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "wait-timeout"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "09ac3b126d3914f9849036f826e054cbabdc8519970b8998ddaf3b5bd3c65f11"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "want"
 version = "0.3.1"
@@ -3593,9 +4259,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen"
-version = "0.2.121"
+version = "0.2.122"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "49ace1d07c165b0864824eee619580c4689389afa9dc9ed3a4c75040d82e6790"
+checksum = "3ed04576f974d2b2fba0f38c51dbc5518011e38c36bf1143164be765528fd409"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "once_cell",
@@ -3606,9 +4272,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-futures"
-version = "0.4.71"
+version = "0.4.72"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "96492d0d3ffba25305a7dc88720d250b1401d7edca02cc3bcd50633b424673b8"
+checksum = "9473dbd2991ae90b6291c3c32c30c6187ac49aa32f9905d1cce280ec1e110b0f"
 dependencies = [
  "js-sys",
  "wasm-bindgen",
@@ -3616,9 +4282,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro"
-version = "0.2.121"
+version = "0.2.122"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8e68e6f4afd367a562002c05637acb8578ff2dea1943df76afb9e83d177c8578"
+checksum = "916151b09da36bd82f6615cbf3a419e2f0ba23a03c6160e8e92eb6bd4aa1dec6"
 dependencies = [
  "quote",
  "wasm-bindgen-macro-support",
@@ -3626,9 +4292,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro-support"
-version = "0.2.121"
+version = "0.2.122"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d95a9ec35c64b2a7cb35d3fead40c4238d0940c86d107136999567a4703259f2"
+checksum = "299047362ccbfce148b67ab7e73349f77748e00c8296f9542adfad2ad82c5c5e"
 dependencies = [
  "bumpalo",
  "proc-macro2",
@@ -3639,9 +4305,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-shared"
-version = "0.2.121"
+version = "0.2.122"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c4e0100b01e9f0d03189a92b96772a1fb998639d981193d7dbab487302513441"
+checksum = "9a929b2c61f11ba3e9bc35b50c1f25cb38e0e892c0c231ae2b8cf78d5dad4437"
 dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
@@ -3690,14 +4356,14 @@ dependencies = [
  "bitflags 2.11.1",
  "hashbrown 0.15.5",
  "indexmap 2.14.0",
- "semver",
+ "semver 1.0.28",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "web-sys"
-version = "0.3.98"
+version = "0.3.99"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4b572dff8bcf38bad0fa19729c89bb5748b2b9b1d8be70cf90df697e3a8f32aa"
+checksum = "6d621441cfc37b84979402712047321980c178f299193a3589d05b99e8763436"
 dependencies = [
  "js-sys",
  "wasm-bindgen",
@@ -3948,9 +4614,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "winnow"
-version = "1.0.2"
+version = "1.0.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2ee1708bef14716a11bae175f579062d4554d95be2c6829f518df847b7b3fdd0"
+checksum = "0592e1c9d151f854e6fd382574c3a0855250e1d9b2f99d9281c6e6391af352f1"
 dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
@@ -4041,7 +4707,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "id-arena",
  "indexmap 2.14.0",
  "log",
- "semver",
+ "semver 1.0.28",
  "serde",
  "serde_derive",
  "serde_json",
@@ -4055,6 +4721,15 @@ version = "0.6.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1ffae5123b2d3fc086436f8834ae3ab053a283cfac8fe0a0b8eaae044768a4c4"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "wyz"
+version = "0.5.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "05f360fc0b24296329c78fda852a1e9ae82de9cf7b27dae4b7f62f118f77b9ed"
+dependencies = [
+ "tap",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "yaml-rust2"
 version = "0.10.4"
@@ -4091,18 +4766,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zerocopy"
-version = "0.8.48"
+version = "0.8.49"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "eed437bf9d6692032087e337407a86f04cd8d6a16a37199ed57949d415bd68e9"
+checksum = "bce33a6288fa3f072a8c2c7d0f2fdbb90e28298f0135c1f99b96c3db2efcc60b"
 dependencies = [
  "zerocopy-derive",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zerocopy-derive"
-version = "0.8.48"
+version = "0.8.49"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "70e3cd084b1788766f53af483dd21f93881ff30d7320490ec3ef7526d203bad4"
+checksum = "8fd425244944f4ab65ccff928e7323354c5a018c75838362fdce749dfad2ee1e"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
diff --git a/artifacts/stablecoin-idl.json b/artifacts/stablecoin-idl.json
index 5c601e8..1c3d9e8 100644
--- a/artifacts/stablecoin-idl.json
+++ b/artifacts/stablecoin-idl.json
@@ -260,6 +260,38 @@
         ]
       }
     },
+    {
+      "name": "PriceObservations",
+      "type": {
+        "kind": "struct",
+        "fields": [
+          {
+            "name": "price_source_id",
+            "type": "account_id"
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "write_index",
+            "type": "u32"
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "total_entries",
+            "type": "u64"
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "last_recorded_tick",
+            "type": "i32"
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "entries",
+            "type": {
+              "vec": {
+                "defined": "ObservationEntry"
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    },
     {
       "name": "OraclePriceAccount",
       "type": {
@@ -283,7 +315,7 @@
           },
           {
             "name": "source_id",
-            "type": "string"
+            "type": "account_id"
           },
           {
             "name": "confidence_interval",
@@ -291,6 +323,22 @@
           }
         ]
       }
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "CurrentTickAccount",
+      "type": {
+        "kind": "struct",
+        "fields": [
+          {
+            "name": "tick",
+            "type": "i32"
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "last_updated",
+            "type": "u64"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
     }
   ],
   "types": [
@@ -305,6 +353,20 @@
           "name": "Expanded"
         }
       ]
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "ObservationEntry",
+      "kind": "struct",
+      "fields": [
+        {
+          "name": "timestamp",
+          "type": "u64"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "tick_cumulative",
+          "type": "i64"
+        }
+      ]
     }
   ],
   "instruction_type": "stablecoin_core::Instruction"
diff --git a/artifacts/twap_oracle-idl.json b/artifacts/twap_oracle-idl.json
index 59e2279..8c605d4 100644
--- a/artifacts/twap_oracle-idl.json
+++ b/artifacts/twap_oracle-idl.json
@@ -3,12 +3,227 @@
   "name": "twap_oracle",
   "instructions": [
     {
-      "name": "noop",
-      "accounts": [],
-      "args": []
+      "name": "create_price_observations",
+      "accounts": [
+        {
+          "name": "price_observations",
+          "writable": false,
+          "signer": false,
+          "init": false
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "price_source",
+          "writable": false,
+          "signer": false,
+          "init": false
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "clock",
+          "writable": false,
+          "signer": false,
+          "init": false
+        }
+      ],
+      "args": [
+        {
+          "name": "initial_tick",
+          "type": "i32"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "window_duration",
+          "type": "u64"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "create_oracle_price_account",
+      "accounts": [
+        {
+          "name": "oracle_price_account",
+          "writable": false,
+          "signer": false,
+          "init": false
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "price_source",
+          "writable": false,
+          "signer": false,
+          "init": false
+        }
+      ],
+      "args": [
+        {
+          "name": "base_asset",
+          "type": "account_id"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "quote_asset",
+          "type": "account_id"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "window_duration",
+          "type": "u64"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "create_current_tick_account",
+      "accounts": [
+        {
+          "name": "current_tick_account",
+          "writable": false,
+          "signer": false,
+          "init": false
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "price_source",
+          "writable": false,
+          "signer": false,
+          "init": false
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "clock",
+          "writable": false,
+          "signer": false,
+          "init": false
+        }
+      ],
+      "args": [
+        {
+          "name": "initial_tick",
+          "type": "i32"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "publish_price",
+      "accounts": [
+        {
+          "name": "price_observations",
+          "writable": false,
+          "signer": false,
+          "init": false
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "oracle_price_account",
+          "writable": false,
+          "signer": false,
+          "init": false
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "clock",
+          "writable": false,
+          "signer": false,
+          "init": false
+        }
+      ],
+      "args": [
+        {
+          "name": "price_source_id",
+          "type": "account_id"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "window_duration",
+          "type": "u64"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "record_tick",
+      "accounts": [
+        {
+          "name": "price_observations",
+          "writable": false,
+          "signer": false,
+          "init": false
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "current_tick_account",
+          "writable": false,
+          "signer": false,
+          "init": false
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "clock",
+          "writable": false,
+          "signer": false,
+          "init": false
+        }
+      ],
+      "args": [
+        {
+          "name": "price_source_id",
+          "type": "account_id"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "window_duration",
+          "type": "u64"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "update_current_tick",
+      "accounts": [
+        {
+          "name": "current_tick_account",
+          "writable": false,
+          "signer": false,
+          "init": false
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "price_source",
+          "writable": false,
+          "signer": false,
+          "init": false
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "clock",
+          "writable": false,
+          "signer": false,
+          "init": false
+        }
+      ],
+      "args": [
+        {
+          "name": "tick",
+          "type": "i32"
+        }
+      ]
     }
   ],
   "accounts": [
+    {
+      "name": "PriceObservations",
+      "type": {
+        "kind": "struct",
+        "fields": [
+          {
+            "name": "price_source_id",
+            "type": "account_id"
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "write_index",
+            "type": "u32"
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "total_entries",
+            "type": "u64"
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "last_recorded_tick",
+            "type": "i32"
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "entries",
+            "type": {
+              "vec": {
+                "defined": "ObservationEntry"
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    },
     {
       "name": "OraclePriceAccount",
       "type": {
@@ -32,7 +247,7 @@
           },
           {
             "name": "source_id",
-            "type": "string"
+            "type": "account_id"
           },
           {
             "name": "confidence_interval",
@@ -40,6 +255,38 @@
           }
         ]
       }
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "CurrentTickAccount",
+      "type": {
+        "kind": "struct",
+        "fields": [
+          {
+            "name": "tick",
+            "type": "i32"
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "last_updated",
+            "type": "u64"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "types": [
+    {
+      "name": "ObservationEntry",
+      "kind": "struct",
+      "fields": [
+        {
+          "name": "timestamp",
+          "type": "u64"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "tick_cumulative",
+          "type": "i64"
+        }
+      ]
     }
   ],
   "instruction_type": "twap_oracle_core::Instruction"
diff --git a/programs/amm/methods/guest/Cargo.lock b/programs/amm/methods/guest/Cargo.lock
index 7dcd666..16a38c0 100644
--- a/programs/amm/methods/guest/Cargo.lock
+++ b/programs/amm/methods/guest/Cargo.lock
@@ -313,9 +313,9 @@ checksum = "1505bd5d3d116872e7271a6d4e16d81d0c8570876c8de68093a09ac269d8aac0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "autocfg"
-version = "1.5.0"
+version = "1.5.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c08606f8c3cbf4ce6ec8e28fb0014a2c086708fe954eaa885384a6165172e7e8"
+checksum = "f2032f911046de80f0a198e0901378627c33f59ea0ac00e363d481118bd70a53"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "base16ct"
@@ -449,9 +449,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bumpalo"
-version = "3.20.2"
+version = "3.20.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5d20789868f4b01b2f2caec9f5c4e0213b41e3e5702a50157d699ae31ced2fcb"
+checksum = "72f5acc6cb2ba439de613abc23857ec3d78374d8ed5ac84e9d11336e87da8649"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bytemuck"
@@ -576,12 +576,12 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cipher"
-version = "0.5.1"
+version = "0.5.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e34d8227fe1ba289043aeb13792056ff80fd6de1a9f49137a5f499de8e8c78ea"
+checksum = "e8cf2a2c93cd704877c0858356ed03480ff301ee950b43f1cbe4573b088bfa6c"
 dependencies = [
  "block-buffer 0.12.0",
- "crypto-common 0.2.1",
+ "crypto-common 0.2.2",
  "inout",
 ]
 
@@ -669,9 +669,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "crypto-common"
-version = "0.2.1"
+version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "77727bb15fa921304124b128af125e7e3b968275d1b108b379190264f4423710"
+checksum = "ce6e4c961d6cd6c9a86db418387425e8bdeaf05b3c8bc1411e6dca4c252f1453"
 dependencies = [
  "hybrid-array",
 ]
@@ -865,9 +865,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "displaydoc"
-version = "0.2.5"
+version = "0.2.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "97369cbbc041bc366949bc74d34658d6cda5621039731c6310521892a3a20ae0"
+checksum = "1ac70aa55017e108007fbaf5aa0f54b021c98f92ff8af59d42eda9da96e3dd4f"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -932,9 +932,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "either"
-version = "1.15.0"
+version = "1.16.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "48c757948c5ede0e46177b7add2e67155f70e33c07fea8284df6576da70b3719"
+checksum = "91622ff5e7162018101f2fea40d6ebf4a78bbe5a49736a2020649edf9693679e"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "elf"
@@ -1273,9 +1273,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "http"
-version = "1.4.0"
+version = "1.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e3ba2a386d7f85a81f119ad7498ebe444d2e22c2af0b86b069416ace48b3311a"
+checksum = "8be7462df143984c4598a256ef469b251d7d7f9e271135073e78fc535414f3d0"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "itoa",
@@ -1321,9 +1321,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hyper"
-version = "1.9.0"
+version = "1.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6299f016b246a94207e63da54dbe807655bf9e00044f73ded42c3ac5305fbcca"
+checksum = "eb92f162bf56536459fc83c79b974bb12837acfed43d6bc370a7916d0ae15ecc"
 dependencies = [
  "atomic-waker",
  "bytes",
@@ -1587,9 +1587,9 @@ checksum = "8f42a60cbdf9a97f5d2305f08a87dc4e09308d1276d28c869c684d7777685682"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "js-sys"
-version = "0.3.98"
+version = "0.3.99"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "67df7112613f8bfd9150013a0314e196f4800d3201ae742489d999db2f979f08"
+checksum = "142bc4740e452c1e57ade0cbc129f139c9093e354346f0872ef985f4f5cf5f11"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "futures-util",
@@ -1673,9 +1673,9 @@ checksum = "b6d2cec3eae94f9f509c767b45932f1ada8350c4bdb85af2fcab4a3c14807981"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libredox"
-version = "0.1.16"
+version = "0.1.17"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e02f3bb43d335493c96bf3fd3a321600bf6bd07ed34bc64118e9293bdffea46c"
+checksum = "f02ab6bace2054fb888a3c16f990117b579d14a3088e472d63c6011fa185c9d3"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
@@ -1694,9 +1694,9 @@ checksum = "92daf443525c4cce67b150400bc2316076100ce0b3686209eb8cf3c31612e6f0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "log"
-version = "0.4.29"
+version = "0.4.30"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5e5032e24019045c762d3c0f28f5b6b8bbf38563a65908389bf7978758920897"
+checksum = "616ec5685824bcc94416c6d4a7a446eea774a31efd7062c8480ba6fd06d7a6e5"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lru-slab"
@@ -1715,9 +1715,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "maybe-async"
-version = "0.2.10"
+version = "0.2.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5cf92c10c7e361d6b99666ec1c6f9805b0bea2c3bd8c78dc6fe98ac5bd78db11"
+checksum = "746873a384ad60adc5db74471dfaba74bd278afbdcfd81db93fafcdfc8b5ca0c"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -1726,9 +1726,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "memchr"
-version = "2.8.0"
+version = "2.8.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f8ca58f447f06ed17d5fc4043ce1b10dd205e060fb3ce5b979b8ed8e59ff3f79"
+checksum = "6b947ae49db0d222b1dbc6b113ce7248a3fc3a6ca21b696717bfc000ba4484d8"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "merlin"
@@ -1819,9 +1819,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "num-conv"
-version = "0.2.1"
+version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c6673768db2d862beb9b39a78fdcb1a69439615d5794a1be50caa9bc92c81967"
+checksum = "521739c6d2bac4aa25192232afe6841231376b2b26d4d9fae5ecf8ca5772e441"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "num-integer"
@@ -1995,7 +1995,7 @@ version = "3.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e67ba7e9b2b56446f1d419b1d807906278ffa1a658a8a5d8a39dcb1f5a78614f"
 dependencies = [
- "toml_edit 0.25.11+spec-1.1.0",
+ "toml_edit 0.25.12+spec-1.1.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2766,9 +2766,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_json"
-version = "1.0.149"
+version = "1.0.150"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "83fc039473c5595ace860d8c4fafa220ff474b3fc6bfdb4293327f1a37e94d86"
+checksum = "e8014e44b4736ed0538adeecded0fce2a272f22dc9578a7eb6b2d9993c74cfb9"
 dependencies = [
  "itoa",
  "memchr",
@@ -3238,14 +3238,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "toml_edit"
-version = "0.25.11+spec-1.1.0"
+version = "0.25.12+spec-1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0b59c4d22ed448339746c59b905d24568fcbb3ab65a500494f7b8c3e97739f2b"
+checksum = "d2153edc6955a6c354fad8f5efd38b6a8769bdccf9fe50f8e1329f81b0baa5d7"
 dependencies = [
  "indexmap 2.14.0",
  "toml_datetime 1.1.1+spec-1.1.0",
  "toml_parser",
- "winnow 1.0.2",
+ "winnow 1.0.3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3254,7 +3254,7 @@ version = "1.1.2+spec-1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a2abe9b86193656635d2411dc43050282ca48aa31c2451210f4202550afb7526"
 dependencies = [
- "winnow 1.0.2",
+ "winnow 1.0.3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3280,9 +3280,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tower-http"
-version = "0.6.10"
+version = "0.6.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "68d6fdd9f81c2819c9a8b0e0cd91660e7746a8e6ea2ba7c6b2b057985f6bcb51"
+checksum = "4cfcf7e2740e6fc6d4d688b4ef00650406bb94adf4731e43c096c3a19fe40840"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 2.11.1",
  "bytes",
@@ -3451,9 +3451,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen"
-version = "0.2.121"
+version = "0.2.122"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "49ace1d07c165b0864824eee619580c4689389afa9dc9ed3a4c75040d82e6790"
+checksum = "3ed04576f974d2b2fba0f38c51dbc5518011e38c36bf1143164be765528fd409"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "once_cell",
@@ -3464,9 +3464,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-futures"
-version = "0.4.71"
+version = "0.4.72"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "96492d0d3ffba25305a7dc88720d250b1401d7edca02cc3bcd50633b424673b8"
+checksum = "9473dbd2991ae90b6291c3c32c30c6187ac49aa32f9905d1cce280ec1e110b0f"
 dependencies = [
  "js-sys",
  "wasm-bindgen",
@@ -3474,9 +3474,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro"
-version = "0.2.121"
+version = "0.2.122"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8e68e6f4afd367a562002c05637acb8578ff2dea1943df76afb9e83d177c8578"
+checksum = "916151b09da36bd82f6615cbf3a419e2f0ba23a03c6160e8e92eb6bd4aa1dec6"
 dependencies = [
  "quote",
  "wasm-bindgen-macro-support",
@@ -3484,9 +3484,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro-support"
-version = "0.2.121"
+version = "0.2.122"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d95a9ec35c64b2a7cb35d3fead40c4238d0940c86d107136999567a4703259f2"
+checksum = "299047362ccbfce148b67ab7e73349f77748e00c8296f9542adfad2ad82c5c5e"
 dependencies = [
  "bumpalo",
  "proc-macro2",
@@ -3497,9 +3497,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-shared"
-version = "0.2.121"
+version = "0.2.122"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c4e0100b01e9f0d03189a92b96772a1fb998639d981193d7dbab487302513441"
+checksum = "9a929b2c61f11ba3e9bc35b50c1f25cb38e0e892c0c231ae2b8cf78d5dad4437"
 dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
@@ -3553,9 +3553,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "web-sys"
-version = "0.3.98"
+version = "0.3.99"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4b572dff8bcf38bad0fa19729c89bb5748b2b9b1d8be70cf90df697e3a8f32aa"
+checksum = "6d621441cfc37b84979402712047321980c178f299193a3589d05b99e8763436"
 dependencies = [
  "js-sys",
  "wasm-bindgen",
@@ -3806,9 +3806,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "winnow"
-version = "1.0.2"
+version = "1.0.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2ee1708bef14716a11bae175f579062d4554d95be2c6829f518df847b7b3fdd0"
+checksum = "0592e1c9d151f854e6fd382574c3a0855250e1d9b2f99d9281c6e6391af352f1"
 dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
@@ -3949,18 +3949,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zerocopy"
-version = "0.8.48"
+version = "0.8.49"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "eed437bf9d6692032087e337407a86f04cd8d6a16a37199ed57949d415bd68e9"
+checksum = "bce33a6288fa3f072a8c2c7d0f2fdbb90e28298f0135c1f99b96c3db2efcc60b"
 dependencies = [
  "zerocopy-derive",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zerocopy-derive"
-version = "0.8.48"
+version = "0.8.49"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "70e3cd084b1788766f53af483dd21f93881ff30d7320490ec3ef7526d203bad4"
+checksum = "8fd425244944f4ab65ccff928e7323354c5a018c75838362fdce749dfad2ee1e"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -3969,9 +3969,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zerofrom"
-version = "0.1.7"
+version = "0.1.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "69faa1f2a1ea75661980b013019ed6687ed0e83d069bc1114e2cc74c6c04c4df"
+checksum = "0ec05a11813ea801ff6d75110ad09cd0824ddba17dfe17128ea0d5f68e6c5272"
 dependencies = [
  "zerofrom-derive",
 ]
diff --git a/programs/ata/methods/guest/Cargo.lock b/programs/ata/methods/guest/Cargo.lock
index ba53cf4..6dacf39 100644
--- a/programs/ata/methods/guest/Cargo.lock
+++ b/programs/ata/methods/guest/Cargo.lock
@@ -311,9 +311,9 @@ checksum = "1505bd5d3d116872e7271a6d4e16d81d0c8570876c8de68093a09ac269d8aac0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "autocfg"
-version = "1.5.0"
+version = "1.5.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c08606f8c3cbf4ce6ec8e28fb0014a2c086708fe954eaa885384a6165172e7e8"
+checksum = "f2032f911046de80f0a198e0901378627c33f59ea0ac00e363d481118bd70a53"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "base16ct"
@@ -447,9 +447,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bumpalo"
-version = "3.20.2"
+version = "3.20.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5d20789868f4b01b2f2caec9f5c4e0213b41e3e5702a50157d699ae31ced2fcb"
+checksum = "72f5acc6cb2ba439de613abc23857ec3d78374d8ed5ac84e9d11336e87da8649"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bytemuck"
@@ -574,12 +574,12 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cipher"
-version = "0.5.1"
+version = "0.5.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e34d8227fe1ba289043aeb13792056ff80fd6de1a9f49137a5f499de8e8c78ea"
+checksum = "e8cf2a2c93cd704877c0858356ed03480ff301ee950b43f1cbe4573b088bfa6c"
 dependencies = [
  "block-buffer 0.12.0",
- "crypto-common 0.2.1",
+ "crypto-common 0.2.2",
  "inout",
 ]
 
@@ -667,9 +667,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "crypto-common"
-version = "0.2.1"
+version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "77727bb15fa921304124b128af125e7e3b968275d1b108b379190264f4423710"
+checksum = "ce6e4c961d6cd6c9a86db418387425e8bdeaf05b3c8bc1411e6dca4c252f1453"
 dependencies = [
  "hybrid-array",
 ]
@@ -863,9 +863,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "displaydoc"
-version = "0.2.5"
+version = "0.2.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "97369cbbc041bc366949bc74d34658d6cda5621039731c6310521892a3a20ae0"
+checksum = "1ac70aa55017e108007fbaf5aa0f54b021c98f92ff8af59d42eda9da96e3dd4f"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -930,9 +930,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "either"
-version = "1.15.0"
+version = "1.16.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "48c757948c5ede0e46177b7add2e67155f70e33c07fea8284df6576da70b3719"
+checksum = "91622ff5e7162018101f2fea40d6ebf4a78bbe5a49736a2020649edf9693679e"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "elf"
@@ -1271,9 +1271,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "http"
-version = "1.4.0"
+version = "1.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e3ba2a386d7f85a81f119ad7498ebe444d2e22c2af0b86b069416ace48b3311a"
+checksum = "8be7462df143984c4598a256ef469b251d7d7f9e271135073e78fc535414f3d0"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "itoa",
@@ -1319,9 +1319,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hyper"
-version = "1.9.0"
+version = "1.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6299f016b246a94207e63da54dbe807655bf9e00044f73ded42c3ac5305fbcca"
+checksum = "eb92f162bf56536459fc83c79b974bb12837acfed43d6bc370a7916d0ae15ecc"
 dependencies = [
  "atomic-waker",
  "bytes",
@@ -1585,9 +1585,9 @@ checksum = "8f42a60cbdf9a97f5d2305f08a87dc4e09308d1276d28c869c684d7777685682"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "js-sys"
-version = "0.3.98"
+version = "0.3.99"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "67df7112613f8bfd9150013a0314e196f4800d3201ae742489d999db2f979f08"
+checksum = "142bc4740e452c1e57ade0cbc129f139c9093e354346f0872ef985f4f5cf5f11"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "futures-util",
@@ -1671,9 +1671,9 @@ checksum = "b6d2cec3eae94f9f509c767b45932f1ada8350c4bdb85af2fcab4a3c14807981"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libredox"
-version = "0.1.16"
+version = "0.1.17"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e02f3bb43d335493c96bf3fd3a321600bf6bd07ed34bc64118e9293bdffea46c"
+checksum = "f02ab6bace2054fb888a3c16f990117b579d14a3088e472d63c6011fa185c9d3"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
@@ -1692,9 +1692,9 @@ checksum = "92daf443525c4cce67b150400bc2316076100ce0b3686209eb8cf3c31612e6f0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "log"
-version = "0.4.29"
+version = "0.4.30"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5e5032e24019045c762d3c0f28f5b6b8bbf38563a65908389bf7978758920897"
+checksum = "616ec5685824bcc94416c6d4a7a446eea774a31efd7062c8480ba6fd06d7a6e5"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lru-slab"
@@ -1713,9 +1713,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "maybe-async"
-version = "0.2.10"
+version = "0.2.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5cf92c10c7e361d6b99666ec1c6f9805b0bea2c3bd8c78dc6fe98ac5bd78db11"
+checksum = "746873a384ad60adc5db74471dfaba74bd278afbdcfd81db93fafcdfc8b5ca0c"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -1724,9 +1724,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "memchr"
-version = "2.8.0"
+version = "2.8.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f8ca58f447f06ed17d5fc4043ce1b10dd205e060fb3ce5b979b8ed8e59ff3f79"
+checksum = "6b947ae49db0d222b1dbc6b113ce7248a3fc3a6ca21b696717bfc000ba4484d8"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "merlin"
@@ -1817,9 +1817,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "num-conv"
-version = "0.2.1"
+version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c6673768db2d862beb9b39a78fdcb1a69439615d5794a1be50caa9bc92c81967"
+checksum = "521739c6d2bac4aa25192232afe6841231376b2b26d4d9fae5ecf8ca5772e441"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "num-integer"
@@ -1993,7 +1993,7 @@ version = "3.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e67ba7e9b2b56446f1d419b1d807906278ffa1a658a8a5d8a39dcb1f5a78614f"
 dependencies = [
- "toml_edit 0.25.11+spec-1.1.0",
+ "toml_edit 0.25.12+spec-1.1.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2764,9 +2764,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_json"
-version = "1.0.149"
+version = "1.0.150"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "83fc039473c5595ace860d8c4fafa220ff474b3fc6bfdb4293327f1a37e94d86"
+checksum = "e8014e44b4736ed0538adeecded0fce2a272f22dc9578a7eb6b2d9993c74cfb9"
 dependencies = [
  "itoa",
  "memchr",
@@ -3236,14 +3236,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "toml_edit"
-version = "0.25.11+spec-1.1.0"
+version = "0.25.12+spec-1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0b59c4d22ed448339746c59b905d24568fcbb3ab65a500494f7b8c3e97739f2b"
+checksum = "d2153edc6955a6c354fad8f5efd38b6a8769bdccf9fe50f8e1329f81b0baa5d7"
 dependencies = [
  "indexmap 2.14.0",
  "toml_datetime 1.1.1+spec-1.1.0",
  "toml_parser",
- "winnow 1.0.2",
+ "winnow 1.0.3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3252,7 +3252,7 @@ version = "1.1.2+spec-1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a2abe9b86193656635d2411dc43050282ca48aa31c2451210f4202550afb7526"
 dependencies = [
- "winnow 1.0.2",
+ "winnow 1.0.3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3278,9 +3278,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tower-http"
-version = "0.6.10"
+version = "0.6.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "68d6fdd9f81c2819c9a8b0e0cd91660e7746a8e6ea2ba7c6b2b057985f6bcb51"
+checksum = "4cfcf7e2740e6fc6d4d688b4ef00650406bb94adf4731e43c096c3a19fe40840"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 2.11.1",
  "bytes",
@@ -3449,9 +3449,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen"
-version = "0.2.121"
+version = "0.2.122"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "49ace1d07c165b0864824eee619580c4689389afa9dc9ed3a4c75040d82e6790"
+checksum = "3ed04576f974d2b2fba0f38c51dbc5518011e38c36bf1143164be765528fd409"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "once_cell",
@@ -3462,9 +3462,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-futures"
-version = "0.4.71"
+version = "0.4.72"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "96492d0d3ffba25305a7dc88720d250b1401d7edca02cc3bcd50633b424673b8"
+checksum = "9473dbd2991ae90b6291c3c32c30c6187ac49aa32f9905d1cce280ec1e110b0f"
 dependencies = [
  "js-sys",
  "wasm-bindgen",
@@ -3472,9 +3472,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro"
-version = "0.2.121"
+version = "0.2.122"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8e68e6f4afd367a562002c05637acb8578ff2dea1943df76afb9e83d177c8578"
+checksum = "916151b09da36bd82f6615cbf3a419e2f0ba23a03c6160e8e92eb6bd4aa1dec6"
 dependencies = [
  "quote",
  "wasm-bindgen-macro-support",
@@ -3482,9 +3482,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro-support"
-version = "0.2.121"
+version = "0.2.122"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d95a9ec35c64b2a7cb35d3fead40c4238d0940c86d107136999567a4703259f2"
+checksum = "299047362ccbfce148b67ab7e73349f77748e00c8296f9542adfad2ad82c5c5e"
 dependencies = [
  "bumpalo",
  "proc-macro2",
@@ -3495,9 +3495,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-shared"
-version = "0.2.121"
+version = "0.2.122"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c4e0100b01e9f0d03189a92b96772a1fb998639d981193d7dbab487302513441"
+checksum = "9a929b2c61f11ba3e9bc35b50c1f25cb38e0e892c0c231ae2b8cf78d5dad4437"
 dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
@@ -3551,9 +3551,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "web-sys"
-version = "0.3.98"
+version = "0.3.99"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4b572dff8bcf38bad0fa19729c89bb5748b2b9b1d8be70cf90df697e3a8f32aa"
+checksum = "6d621441cfc37b84979402712047321980c178f299193a3589d05b99e8763436"
 dependencies = [
  "js-sys",
  "wasm-bindgen",
@@ -3804,9 +3804,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "winnow"
-version = "1.0.2"
+version = "1.0.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2ee1708bef14716a11bae175f579062d4554d95be2c6829f518df847b7b3fdd0"
+checksum = "0592e1c9d151f854e6fd382574c3a0855250e1d9b2f99d9281c6e6391af352f1"
 dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
@@ -3947,18 +3947,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zerocopy"
-version = "0.8.48"
+version = "0.8.49"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "eed437bf9d6692032087e337407a86f04cd8d6a16a37199ed57949d415bd68e9"
+checksum = "bce33a6288fa3f072a8c2c7d0f2fdbb90e28298f0135c1f99b96c3db2efcc60b"
 dependencies = [
  "zerocopy-derive",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zerocopy-derive"
-version = "0.8.48"
+version = "0.8.49"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "70e3cd084b1788766f53af483dd21f93881ff30d7320490ec3ef7526d203bad4"
+checksum = "8fd425244944f4ab65ccff928e7323354c5a018c75838362fdce749dfad2ee1e"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -3967,9 +3967,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zerofrom"
-version = "0.1.7"
+version = "0.1.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "69faa1f2a1ea75661980b013019ed6687ed0e83d069bc1114e2cc74c6c04c4df"
+checksum = "0ec05a11813ea801ff6d75110ad09cd0824ddba17dfe17128ea0d5f68e6c5272"
 dependencies = [
  "zerofrom-derive",
 ]
diff --git a/programs/stablecoin/methods/guest/Cargo.lock b/programs/stablecoin/methods/guest/Cargo.lock
index a382086..952f359 100644
--- a/programs/stablecoin/methods/guest/Cargo.lock
+++ b/programs/stablecoin/methods/guest/Cargo.lock
@@ -29,6 +29,44 @@ version = "0.2.21"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "683d7910e743518b0e34f1186f92494becacb047c7b6bf616c96772180fef923"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "alloy-primitives"
+version = "1.6.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4885c1409b6936c4898e646ef58baf6ec54edaf6d8179f79df805a7b85b7cf3e"
+dependencies = [
+ "alloy-rlp",
+ "bytes",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "const-hex",
+ "derive_more",
+ "foldhash 0.2.0",
+ "hashbrown 0.17.1",
+ "indexmap 2.14.0",
+ "itoa",
+ "k256",
+ "keccak-asm",
+ "paste",
+ "proptest",
+ "rand 0.9.4",
+ "rapidhash",
+ "ruint",
+ "rustc-hash",
+ "secp256k1",
+ "serde",
+ "sha3",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "alloy-rlp"
+version = "0.3.15"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dc90b1e703d3c03f4ff7f48e82dd0bc1c8211ab7d079cd836a06fcfeb06651cb"
+dependencies = [
+ "arrayvec",
+ "bytes",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "android_system_properties"
 version = "0.1.5"
@@ -51,9 +89,9 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d69eab57e8d2663efa5c63135b2af4f396d66424f88954c21104125ab6b3e6bc"
 dependencies = [
  "ark-ec",
- "ark-ff",
+ "ark-ff 0.5.0",
  "ark-r1cs-std",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-std 0.5.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -65,14 +103,14 @@ dependencies = [
  "ahash",
  "ark-crypto-primitives-macros",
  "ark-ec",
- "ark-ff",
+ "ark-ff 0.5.0",
  "ark-relations",
- "ark-serialize",
+ "ark-serialize 0.5.0",
  "ark-snark",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-std 0.5.0",
  "blake2",
  "derivative",
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
  "fnv",
  "merlin",
  "sha2",
@@ -96,10 +134,10 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "43d68f2d516162846c1238e755a7c4d131b892b70cc70c471a8e3ca3ed818fce"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash",
- "ark-ff",
+ "ark-ff 0.5.0",
  "ark-poly",
- "ark-serialize",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-serialize 0.5.0",
+ "ark-std 0.5.0",
  "educe",
  "fnv",
  "hashbrown 0.15.5",
@@ -110,18 +148,56 @@ dependencies = [
  "zeroize",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-ff"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6b3235cc41ee7a12aaaf2c575a2ad7b46713a8a50bda2fc3b003a04845c05dd6"
+dependencies = [
+ "ark-ff-asm 0.3.0",
+ "ark-ff-macros 0.3.0",
+ "ark-serialize 0.3.0",
+ "ark-std 0.3.0",
+ "derivative",
+ "num-bigint",
+ "num-traits",
+ "paste",
+ "rustc_version 0.3.3",
+ "zeroize",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-ff"
+version = "0.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ec847af850f44ad29048935519032c33da8aa03340876d351dfab5660d2966ba"
+dependencies = [
+ "ark-ff-asm 0.4.2",
+ "ark-ff-macros 0.4.2",
+ "ark-serialize 0.4.2",
+ "ark-std 0.4.0",
+ "derivative",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
+ "itertools 0.10.5",
+ "num-bigint",
+ "num-traits",
+ "paste",
+ "rustc_version 0.4.1",
+ "zeroize",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ark-ff"
 version = "0.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a177aba0ed1e0fbb62aa9f6d0502e9b46dad8c2eab04c14258a1212d2557ea70"
 dependencies = [
- "ark-ff-asm",
- "ark-ff-macros",
- "ark-serialize",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-ff-asm 0.5.0",
+ "ark-ff-macros 0.5.0",
+ "ark-serialize 0.5.0",
+ "ark-std 0.5.0",
  "arrayvec",
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
  "educe",
  "itertools 0.13.0",
  "num-bigint",
@@ -130,6 +206,26 @@ dependencies = [
  "zeroize",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-ff-asm"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "db02d390bf6643fb404d3d22d31aee1c4bc4459600aef9113833d17e786c6e44"
+dependencies = [
+ "quote",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-ff-asm"
+version = "0.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3ed4aa4fe255d0bc6d79373f7e31d2ea147bcf486cba1be5ba7ea85abdb92348"
+dependencies = [
+ "quote",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ark-ff-asm"
 version = "0.5.0"
@@ -140,6 +236,31 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-ff-macros"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "db2fd794a08ccb318058009eefdf15bcaaaaf6f8161eb3345f907222bac38b20"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-bigint",
+ "num-traits",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-ff-macros"
+version = "0.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7abe79b0e4288889c4574159ab790824d0033b9fdcb2a112a3182fac2e514565"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-bigint",
+ "num-traits",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ark-ff-macros"
 version = "0.5.0"
@@ -161,11 +282,11 @@ checksum = "88f1d0f3a534bb54188b8dcc104307db6c56cdae574ddc3212aec0625740fc7e"
 dependencies = [
  "ark-crypto-primitives",
  "ark-ec",
- "ark-ff",
+ "ark-ff 0.5.0",
  "ark-poly",
  "ark-relations",
- "ark-serialize",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-serialize 0.5.0",
+ "ark-std 0.5.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -175,9 +296,9 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "579305839da207f02b89cd1679e50e67b4331e2f9294a57693e5051b7703fe27"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash",
- "ark-ff",
- "ark-serialize",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-ff 0.5.0",
+ "ark-serialize 0.5.0",
+ "ark-std 0.5.0",
  "educe",
  "fnv",
  "hashbrown 0.15.5",
@@ -190,9 +311,9 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "941551ef1df4c7a401de7068758db6503598e6f01850bdb2cfdb614a1f9dbea1"
 dependencies = [
  "ark-ec",
- "ark-ff",
+ "ark-ff 0.5.0",
  "ark-relations",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-std 0.5.0",
  "educe",
  "num-bigint",
  "num-integer",
@@ -206,12 +327,33 @@ version = "0.5.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ec46ddc93e7af44bcab5230937635b06fb5744464dd6a7e7b083e80ebd274384"
 dependencies = [
- "ark-ff",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-ff 0.5.0",
+ "ark-std 0.5.0",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-subscriber",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-serialize"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1d6c2b318ee6e10f8c2853e73a83adc0ccb88995aa978d8a3408d492ab2ee671"
+dependencies = [
+ "ark-std 0.3.0",
+ "digest 0.9.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-serialize"
+version = "0.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "adb7b85a02b83d2f22f89bd5cac66c9c89474240cb6207cb1efc16d098e822a5"
+dependencies = [
+ "ark-std 0.4.0",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
+ "num-bigint",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ark-serialize"
 version = "0.5.0"
@@ -219,9 +361,9 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "3f4d068aaf107ebcd7dfb52bc748f8030e0fc930ac8e360146ca54c1203088f7"
 dependencies = [
  "ark-serialize-derive",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-std 0.5.0",
  "arrayvec",
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
  "num-bigint",
 ]
 
@@ -242,10 +384,30 @@ version = "0.5.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d368e2848c2d4c129ce7679a7d0d2d612b6a274d3ea6a13bad4445d61b381b88"
 dependencies = [
- "ark-ff",
+ "ark-ff 0.5.0",
  "ark-relations",
- "ark-serialize",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-serialize 0.5.0",
+ "ark-std 0.5.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-std"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1df2c09229cbc5a028b1d70e00fdb2acee28b1055dfb5ca73eea49c5a25c4e7c"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-traits",
+ "rand 0.8.6",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-std"
+version = "0.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "94893f1e0c6eeab764ade8dc4c0db24caf4fe7cbbaafc0eba0a9030f447b5185"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-traits",
+ "rand 0.8.6",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -276,11 +438,22 @@ version = "1.1.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1505bd5d3d116872e7271a6d4e16d81d0c8570876c8de68093a09ac269d8aac0"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "auto_impl"
+version = "1.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ffdcb70bdbc4d478427380519163274ac86e52916e10f0a8889adf0f96d3fee7"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "autocfg"
-version = "1.5.0"
+version = "1.5.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c08606f8c3cbf4ce6ec8e28fb0014a2c086708fe954eaa885384a6165172e7e8"
+checksum = "f2032f911046de80f0a198e0901378627c33f59ea0ac00e363d481118bd70a53"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "base16ct"
@@ -315,12 +488,37 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "bit-set"
+version = "0.8.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "08807e080ed7f9d5433fa9b275196cfc35414f66a0c79d864dc51a0d825231a3"
+dependencies = [
+ "bit-vec",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "bit-vec"
 version = "0.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5e764a1d40d510daf35e07be9eb06e75770908c27d411ee6c92109c9840eaaf7"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "bitcoin-io"
+version = "0.1.100"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "11301df0b06f22dea7bb1916403fdd88a371031e495c49b8f96931b28189e175"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bitcoin_hashes"
+version = "0.14.100"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0c9901a56e133a1fc86eeb1113e2591f45f4682451ca893bff494d2f88918e3f"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitcoin-io",
+ "hex-conservative",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "bitflags"
 version = "1.3.2"
@@ -333,13 +531,25 @@ version = "2.11.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c4512299f36f043ab09a583e57bceb5a5aab7a73db1805848e8fef3c9e8c78b3"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "bitvec"
+version = "1.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1bc2832c24239b0141d5674bb9174f9d68a8b5b3f2753311927c172ca46f7e9c"
+dependencies = [
+ "funty",
+ "radium",
+ "tap",
+ "wyz",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "blake2"
 version = "0.10.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "46502ad458c9a52b69d4d4d32775c788b7a1b85e8bc9d482d92250fc0e3f8efe"
 dependencies = [
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -414,9 +624,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bumpalo"
-version = "3.20.2"
+version = "3.20.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5d20789868f4b01b2f2caec9f5c4e0213b41e3e5702a50157d699ae31ced2fcb"
+checksum = "72f5acc6cb2ba439de613abc23857ec3d78374d8ed5ac84e9d11336e87da8649"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "byte-slice-cast"
+version = "1.2.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7575182f7272186991736b70173b0ea045398f984bf5ebbb3804736ce1330c9d"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bytemuck"
@@ -488,7 +704,7 @@ checksum = "dd5eb614ed4c27c5d706420e4320fbe3216ab31fa1c33cd8246ac36dae4479ba"
 dependencies = [
  "camino",
  "cargo-platform",
- "semver",
+ "semver 1.0.28",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "thiserror 2.0.18",
@@ -541,12 +757,12 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cipher"
-version = "0.5.1"
+version = "0.5.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e34d8227fe1ba289043aeb13792056ff80fd6de1a9f49137a5f499de8e8c78ea"
+checksum = "e8cf2a2c93cd704877c0858356ed03480ff301ee950b43f1cbe4573b088bfa6c"
 dependencies = [
  "block-buffer 0.12.0",
- "crypto-common 0.2.1",
+ "crypto-common 0.2.2",
  "inout",
 ]
 
@@ -559,12 +775,54 @@ dependencies = [
  "thiserror 2.0.18",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "const-hex"
+version = "1.19.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "33e2a781ebdf4467d1428dc4593067825fb646f6871475098d8577421af73558"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "cpufeatures 0.2.17",
+ "proptest",
+ "serde_core",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "const-oid"
 version = "0.9.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c2459377285ad874054d797f3ccebf984978aa39129f6eafde5cdc8315b612f8"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "const_format"
+version = "0.2.36"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4481a617ad9a412be3b97c5d403fef8ed023103368908b9c50af598ff467cc1e"
+dependencies = [
+ "const_format_proc_macros",
+ "konst",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "const_format_proc_macros"
+version = "0.2.34"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1d57c2eccfb16dbac1f4e61e206105db5820c9d26c3c472bc17c774259ef7744"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "unicode-xid",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "convert_case"
+version = "0.10.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "633458d4ef8c78b72454de2d54fd6ab2e60f9e02be22f3c6104cdc8a4e0fceb9"
+dependencies = [
+ "unicode-segmentation",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "core-foundation"
 version = "0.9.4"
@@ -610,6 +868,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "crunchy"
+version = "0.2.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "460fbee9c2c2f33933d720630a6a0bac33ba7053db5344fac858d4b8952d77d5"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "crypto-bigint"
 version = "0.5.5"
@@ -634,9 +898,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "crypto-common"
-version = "0.2.1"
+version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "77727bb15fa921304124b128af125e7e3b968275d1b108b379190264f4423710"
+checksum = "ce6e4c961d6cd6c9a86db418387425e8bdeaf05b3c8bc1411e6dca4c252f1453"
 dependencies = [
  "hybrid-array",
 ]
@@ -788,13 +1052,23 @@ version = "2.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "799a97264921d8623a957f6c3b9011f3b5492f557bbb7a5a19b7fa6d06ba8dcb"
 dependencies = [
+ "convert_case",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "rustc_version",
+ "rustc_version 0.4.1",
  "syn 2.0.117",
  "unicode-xid",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "digest"
+version = "0.9.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d3dd60d1080a57a05ab032377049e0591415d2b31afd7028356dbf3cc6dcb066"
+dependencies = [
+ "generic-array",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "digest"
 version = "0.10.7"
@@ -807,6 +1081,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "subtle",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "digest"
+version = "0.11.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f1dd6dbb5841937940781866fa1281a1ff7bd3bf827091440879f9994983d5c2"
+dependencies = [
+ "block-buffer 0.12.0",
+ "crypto-common 0.2.2",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "dirs"
 version = "6.0.0"
@@ -830,9 +1114,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "displaydoc"
-version = "0.2.5"
+version = "0.2.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "97369cbbc041bc366949bc74d34658d6cda5621039731c6310521892a3a20ae0"
+checksum = "1ac70aa55017e108007fbaf5aa0f54b021c98f92ff8af59d42eda9da96e3dd4f"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -875,7 +1159,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ee27f32b5c5292967d2d4a9d7f1e0b0aed2c15daded5a60300e4abb9d8020bca"
 dependencies = [
  "der",
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
  "elliptic-curve",
  "rfc6979",
  "serdect",
@@ -897,9 +1181,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "either"
-version = "1.15.0"
+version = "1.16.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "48c757948c5ede0e46177b7add2e67155f70e33c07fea8284df6576da70b3719"
+checksum = "91622ff5e7162018101f2fea40d6ebf4a78bbe5a49736a2020649edf9693679e"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "elf"
@@ -915,7 +1199,7 @@ checksum = "b5e6043086bf7973472e0c7dff2142ea0b680d30e18d9cc40f267efbf222bd47"
 dependencies = [
  "base16ct",
  "crypto-bigint",
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
  "ff",
  "generic-array",
  "group",
@@ -985,12 +1269,44 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "eyre"
+version = "0.6.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7cd915d99f24784cdc19fd37ef22b97e3ff0ae756c7e492e9fbfe897d61e2aec"
+dependencies = [
+ "indenter",
+ "once_cell",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "fastrand"
 version = "2.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9f1f227452a390804cdb637b74a86990f2a7d7ba4b7d5693aac9b4dd6defd8d6"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "fastrlp"
+version = "0.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "139834ddba373bbdd213dffe02c8d110508dcf1726c2be27e8d1f7d7e1856418"
+dependencies = [
+ "arrayvec",
+ "auto_impl",
+ "bytes",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "fastrlp"
+version = "0.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ce8dba4714ef14b8274c371879b175aa55b16b30f269663f19d576f380018dc4"
+dependencies = [
+ "arrayvec",
+ "auto_impl",
+ "bytes",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ff"
 version = "0.13.1"
@@ -1007,6 +1323,18 @@ version = "0.1.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5baebc0774151f905a1a2cc41989300b1e6fbb29aff0ceffa1064fdd3088d582"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "fixed-hash"
+version = "0.8.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "835c052cb0c08c1acf6ffd71c022172e18723949c8282f2b9f27efbc51e64534"
+dependencies = [
+ "byteorder",
+ "rand 0.8.6",
+ "rustc-hex",
+ "static_assertions",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "fnv"
 version = "1.0.7"
@@ -1019,6 +1347,12 @@ version = "0.1.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d9c4f5dac5e15c24eb999c26181a6ca40b39fe946cbe4c263c7209467bc83af2"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "foldhash"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "77ce24cb58228fbb8aa041425bb1050850ac19177686ea6e0f41a70416f56fdb"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "foreign-types"
 version = "0.5.0"
@@ -1055,6 +1389,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "percent-encoding",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "funty"
+version = "2.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e6d5a32815ae3f33302d95fdcb2ce17862f8c65363dcfd29360480ba1001fc9c"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-channel"
 version = "0.3.32"
@@ -1191,7 +1531,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9229cfe53dfd69f0609a49f65461bd93001ea1ef889cd5529dd176593f5338a1"
 dependencies = [
  "allocator-api2",
- "foldhash",
+ "foldhash 0.1.5",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1199,6 +1539,9 @@ name = "hashbrown"
 version = "0.17.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ed5909b6e89a2db4456e54cd5f673791d7eca6732202bbf2a9cc504fe2f9b84a"
+dependencies = [
+ "foldhash 0.2.0",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hashlink"
@@ -1221,6 +1564,15 @@ version = "0.4.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7f24254aa9a54b5c858eaee2f5bccdb46aaf0e486a595ed5fd8f86ba55232a70"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "hex-conservative"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fda06d18ac606267c40c04e41b9947729bf8b9efe74bd4e82b61a5f26a510b9f"
+dependencies = [
+ "arrayvec",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "hex-literal"
 version = "0.4.1"
@@ -1233,14 +1585,14 @@ version = "0.12.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6c49c37c09c17a53d937dfbb742eb3a961d65a994e6bcdcf37e7399d0cc8ab5e"
 dependencies = [
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "http"
-version = "1.4.0"
+version = "1.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e3ba2a386d7f85a81f119ad7498ebe444d2e22c2af0b86b069416ace48b3311a"
+checksum = "8be7462df143984c4598a256ef469b251d7d7f9e271135073e78fc535414f3d0"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "itoa",
@@ -1286,9 +1638,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hyper"
-version = "1.9.0"
+version = "1.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6299f016b246a94207e63da54dbe807655bf9e00044f73ded42c3ac5305fbcca"
+checksum = "eb92f162bf56536459fc83c79b974bb12837acfed43d6bc370a7916d0ae15ecc"
 dependencies = [
  "atomic-waker",
  "bytes",
@@ -1482,12 +1834,38 @@ dependencies = [
  "icu_properties",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "impl-codec"
+version = "0.6.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ba6a270039626615617f3f36d15fc827041df3b78c439da2cadfa47455a77f2f"
+dependencies = [
+ "parity-scale-codec",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "impl-trait-for-tuples"
+version = "0.2.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a0eb5a3343abf848c0984fe4604b2b105da9539376e24fc0a3b0007411ae4fd9"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "include_bytes_aligned"
 version = "0.1.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4ee796ad498c8d9a1d68e477df8f754ed784ef875de1414ebdaf169f70a6a784"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "indenter"
+version = "0.3.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "964de6e86d545b246d84badc0fef527924ace5134f30641c203ef52ba83f58d5"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "indexmap"
 version = "1.9.3"
@@ -1526,6 +1904,15 @@ version = "2.12.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d98f6fed1fde3f8c21bc40a1abb88dd75e67924f9cffc3ef95607bad8017f8e2"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "itertools"
+version = "0.10.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b0fd2260e829bddf4cb6ea802289de2f86d6a7a690192fbe91b3f46e0f2c8473"
+dependencies = [
+ "either",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "itertools"
 version = "0.13.0"
@@ -1552,9 +1939,9 @@ checksum = "8f42a60cbdf9a97f5d2305f08a87dc4e09308d1276d28c869c684d7777685682"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "js-sys"
-version = "0.3.98"
+version = "0.3.99"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "67df7112613f8bfd9150013a0314e196f4800d3201ae742489d999db2f979f08"
+checksum = "142bc4740e452c1e57ade0cbc129f139c9093e354346f0872ef985f4f5cf5f11"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "futures-util",
@@ -1586,6 +1973,41 @@ dependencies = [
  "cpufeatures 0.2.17",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "keccak"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9e24a010dd405bd7ed803e5253182815b41bf2e6a80cc3bfc066658e03a198aa"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "cpufeatures 0.3.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "keccak-asm"
+version = "0.1.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1766b89733097006f3a1388a02849865d6bc98c89273cb622e29fdd209922183"
+dependencies = [
+ "digest 0.10.7",
+ "sha3-asm",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "konst"
+version = "0.2.20"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "128133ed7824fcd73d6e7b17957c5eb7bacb885649bd8c69708b2331a10bcefb"
+dependencies = [
+ "konst_macro_rules",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "konst_macro_rules"
+version = "0.2.19"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a4933f3f57a8e9d9da04db23fb153356ecaf00cbd14aee46279c33dc80925c37"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "lazy-regex"
 version = "3.6.0"
@@ -1638,9 +2060,9 @@ checksum = "b6d2cec3eae94f9f509c767b45932f1ada8350c4bdb85af2fcab4a3c14807981"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libredox"
-version = "0.1.16"
+version = "0.1.17"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e02f3bb43d335493c96bf3fd3a321600bf6bd07ed34bc64118e9293bdffea46c"
+checksum = "f02ab6bace2054fb888a3c16f990117b579d14a3088e472d63c6011fa185c9d3"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
@@ -1659,9 +2081,9 @@ checksum = "92daf443525c4cce67b150400bc2316076100ce0b3686209eb8cf3c31612e6f0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "log"
-version = "0.4.29"
+version = "0.4.30"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5e5032e24019045c762d3c0f28f5b6b8bbf38563a65908389bf7978758920897"
+checksum = "616ec5685824bcc94416c6d4a7a446eea774a31efd7062c8480ba6fd06d7a6e5"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lru-slab"
@@ -1680,9 +2102,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "maybe-async"
-version = "0.2.10"
+version = "0.2.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5cf92c10c7e361d6b99666ec1c6f9805b0bea2c3bd8c78dc6fe98ac5bd78db11"
+checksum = "746873a384ad60adc5db74471dfaba74bd278afbdcfd81db93fafcdfc8b5ca0c"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -1691,9 +2113,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "memchr"
-version = "2.8.0"
+version = "2.8.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f8ca58f447f06ed17d5fc4043ce1b10dd205e060fb3ce5b979b8ed8e59ff3f79"
+checksum = "6b947ae49db0d222b1dbc6b113ce7248a3fc3a6ca21b696717bfc000ba4484d8"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "merlin"
@@ -1702,7 +2124,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "58c38e2799fc0978b65dfff8023ec7843e2330bb462f19198840b34b6582397d"
 dependencies = [
  "byteorder",
- "keccak",
+ "keccak 0.1.6",
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
  "zeroize",
 ]
@@ -1784,9 +2206,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "num-conv"
-version = "0.2.1"
+version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c6673768db2d862beb9b39a78fdcb1a69439615d5794a1be50caa9bc92c81967"
+checksum = "521739c6d2bac4aa25192232afe6841231376b2b26d4d9fae5ecf8ca5772e441"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "num-integer"
@@ -1860,6 +2282,34 @@ version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "04744f49eae99ab78e0d5c0b603ab218f515ea8cfe5a456d7629ad883a3b6e7d"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "parity-scale-codec"
+version = "3.7.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "799781ae679d79a948e13d4824a40970bfa500058d245760dd857301059810fa"
+dependencies = [
+ "arrayvec",
+ "bitvec",
+ "byte-slice-cast",
+ "const_format",
+ "impl-trait-for-tuples",
+ "parity-scale-codec-derive",
+ "rustversion",
+ "serde",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "parity-scale-codec-derive"
+version = "3.7.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "34b4653168b563151153c9e4c08ebed57fb8262bebfa79711552fa983c623e7a"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro-crate",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "paste"
 version = "1.0.15"
@@ -1881,6 +2331,16 @@ version = "2.3.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9b4f627cb1b25917193a259e49bdad08f671f8d9708acfd5fe0a8c1455d87220"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pest"
+version = "2.8.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e0848c601009d37dfa3430c4666e147e49cdcf1b92ecd3e63657d8a5f19da662"
+dependencies = [
+ "memchr",
+ "ucd-trie",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pin-project-lite"
 version = "0.2.17"
@@ -1954,13 +2414,24 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "primitive-types"
+version = "0.12.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0b34d9fd68ae0b74a41b21c03c2f62847aa0ffea044eee893b4c140b37e244e2"
+dependencies = [
+ "fixed-hash",
+ "impl-codec",
+ "uint",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro-crate"
 version = "3.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e67ba7e9b2b56446f1d419b1d807906278ffa1a658a8a5d8a39dcb1f5a78614f"
 dependencies = [
- "toml_edit 0.25.11+spec-1.1.0",
+ "toml_edit 0.25.12+spec-1.1.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1990,11 +2461,16 @@ version = "1.11.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4b45fcc2344c680f5025fe57779faef368840d0bd1f42f216291f0dc4ace4744"
 dependencies = [
+ "bit-set",
+ "bit-vec",
  "bitflags 2.11.1",
  "num-traits",
  "rand 0.9.4",
  "rand_chacha 0.9.0",
  "rand_xorshift",
+ "regex-syntax",
+ "rusty-fork",
+ "tempfile",
  "unarray",
 ]
 
@@ -2021,6 +2497,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "quick-error"
+version = "1.2.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a1d01941d82fa2ab50be1e79e6714289dd7cde78eba4c074bc5a4374f650dfe0"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "quinn"
 version = "0.11.9"
@@ -2097,12 +2579,19 @@ version = "6.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f8dcc9c7d52a811697d2151c701e0d08956f92b0e24136cf4cf27b57a6a0d9bf"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "radium"
+version = "0.7.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dc33ff2d4973d518d823d61aa239014831e521c75da58e3df4840d3f47749d09"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rand"
 version = "0.8.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5ca0ecfa931c29007047d1bc58e623ab12e5590e8c7cc53200d5202b69266d8a"
 dependencies = [
+ "libc",
  "rand_chacha 0.3.1",
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
 ]
@@ -2164,6 +2653,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "rand_core 0.9.5",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rapidhash"
+version = "4.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b5e48930979c155e2f33aa36ab3119b5ee81332beb6482199a8ecd6029b80b59"
+dependencies = [
+ "rustversion",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "redox_users"
 version = "0.5.2"
@@ -2307,7 +2805,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "risc0-zkp",
  "risc0-zkvm-platform",
  "ruint",
- "semver",
+ "semver 1.0.28",
  "serde",
  "tracing",
 ]
@@ -2329,7 +2827,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "risc0-zkp",
  "risc0-zkvm-platform",
  "rzup",
- "semver",
+ "semver 1.0.28",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "stability",
@@ -2404,9 +2902,9 @@ dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "ark-bn254",
  "ark-ec",
- "ark-ff",
+ "ark-ff 0.5.0",
  "ark-groth16",
- "ark-serialize",
+ "ark-serialize 0.5.0",
  "bytemuck",
  "hex",
  "num-bigint",
@@ -2438,7 +2936,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "borsh",
  "bytemuck",
  "cfg-if",
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
  "hex",
  "hex-literal",
  "metal",
@@ -2480,7 +2978,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "risc0-zkvm-platform",
  "rrs-lib",
  "rzup",
- "semver",
+ "semver 1.0.28",
  "serde",
  "sha2",
  "stability",
@@ -2504,6 +3002,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "stability",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rlp"
+version = "0.5.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bb919243f34364b6bd2fc10ef797edbfa75f33c252e7998527479c6d6b47e1ec"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytes",
+ "rustc-hex",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rrs-lib"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -2521,7 +3029,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b8573f03f5883dcaebdfcf4725caa1ecb9c15b2ef50c43a07b816e06799bb12d"
 dependencies = [
  "const-oid",
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
  "num-bigint-dig",
  "num-integer",
  "num-traits",
@@ -2536,14 +3044,27 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ruint"
-version = "1.18.0"
+version = "1.17.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0298da754d1395046b0afdc2f20ee76d29a8ae310cd30ffa84ed42acba9cb12a"
+checksum = "a68df0380e5c9d20ce49534f292a36a7514ae21350726efe1865bdb1fa91d278"
 dependencies = [
+ "alloy-rlp",
+ "ark-ff 0.3.0",
+ "ark-ff 0.4.2",
+ "ark-ff 0.5.0",
  "borsh",
+ "bytes",
+ "fastrlp 0.3.1",
+ "fastrlp 0.4.0",
+ "num-bigint",
+ "num-integer",
+ "num-traits",
+ "parity-scale-codec",
+ "primitive-types",
  "proptest",
  "rand 0.8.6",
  "rand 0.9.4",
+ "rlp",
  "ruint-macro",
  "serde_core",
  "valuable",
@@ -2562,13 +3083,28 @@ version = "2.1.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "94300abf3f1ae2e2b8ffb7b58043de3d399c73fa6f4b73826402a5c457614dbe"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rustc-hex"
+version = "2.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3e75f6a532d0fd9f7f13144f392b6ad56a32696bfcd9c78f797f16bbb6f072d6"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rustc_version"
+version = "0.3.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f0dfe2087c51c460008730de8b57e6a320782fbfb312e1f4d520e6c6fae155ee"
+dependencies = [
+ "semver 0.11.0",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rustc_version"
 version = "0.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "cfcb3a22ef46e85b45de6ee7e79d063319ebb6594faafcf1c225ea92ab6e9b92"
 dependencies = [
- "semver",
+ "semver 1.0.28",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2625,6 +3161,18 @@ version = "1.0.22"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b39cdef0fa800fc44525c84ccb54a029961a8215f9619753635a9c0d2538d46d"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rusty-fork"
+version = "0.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cc6bf79ff24e648f6da1f8d1f011e9cac26491b619e6b9280f2b47f1774e6ee2"
+dependencies = [
+ "fnv",
+ "quick-error",
+ "tempfile",
+ "wait-timeout",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ryu"
 version = "1.0.23"
@@ -2639,7 +3187,7 @@ checksum = "5d2aed296f203fa64bcb4b52069356dd86d6ec578593985b919b6995bee1f0ae"
 dependencies = [
  "hex",
  "rsa",
- "semver",
+ "semver 1.0.28",
  "serde",
  "serde_with",
  "sha2",
@@ -2689,6 +3237,35 @@ dependencies = [
  "zeroize",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "secp256k1"
+version = "0.31.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2c3c81b43dc2d8877c216a3fccf76677ee1ebccd429566d3e67447290d0c42b2"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitcoin_hashes",
+ "rand 0.9.4",
+ "secp256k1-sys",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "secp256k1-sys"
+version = "0.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dcb913707158fadaf0d8702c2db0e857de66eb003ccfdda5924b5f5ac98efb38"
+dependencies = [
+ "cc",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "semver"
+version = "0.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f301af10236f6df4160f7c3f04eec6dbc70ace82d23326abad5edee88801c6b6"
+dependencies = [
+ "semver-parser",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "semver"
 version = "1.0.28"
@@ -2699,6 +3276,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde_core",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "semver-parser"
+version = "0.10.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9900206b54a3527fdc7b8a938bffd94a568bac4f4aa8113b209df75a09c0dec2"
+dependencies = [
+ "pest",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "serde"
 version = "1.0.228"
@@ -2731,9 +3317,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_json"
-version = "1.0.149"
+version = "1.0.150"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "83fc039473c5595ace860d8c4fafa220ff474b3fc6bfdb4293327f1a37e94d86"
+checksum = "e8014e44b4736ed0538adeecded0fce2a272f22dc9578a7eb6b2d9993c74cfb9"
 dependencies = [
  "itoa",
  "memchr",
@@ -2813,7 +3399,27 @@ checksum = "a7507d819769d01a365ab707794a4084392c824f54a7a6a7862f8c3d0892b283"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "cpufeatures 0.2.17",
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sha3"
+version = "0.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "be176f1a57ce4e3d31c1a166222d9768de5954f811601fb7ca06fc8203905ce1"
+dependencies = [
+ "digest 0.11.3",
+ "keccak 0.2.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sha3-asm"
+version = "0.1.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9f3f15d4e239ebe08413eed880e0f9b5af4b40ee0472543320efa91d488e96a7"
+dependencies = [
+ "cc",
+ "cfg-if",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2828,7 +3434,7 @@ version = "2.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "77549399552de45a898a580c1b41d445bf730df867cc44e6c0233bbc4b8329de"
 dependencies = [
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
 ]
 
@@ -2962,6 +3568,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "token_core",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "static_assertions"
+version = "1.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a2eb9349b6444b326872e140eb1cf5e7c522154d69e7a0ffb0fb81c06b37543f"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "strsim"
 version = "0.11.1"
@@ -3037,6 +3649,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "tap"
+version = "1.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "55937e1799185b12863d447f42597ed69d9928686b8d88a1df17376a097d8369"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "tempfile"
 version = "3.27.0"
@@ -3239,14 +3857,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "toml_edit"
-version = "0.25.11+spec-1.1.0"
+version = "0.25.12+spec-1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0b59c4d22ed448339746c59b905d24568fcbb3ab65a500494f7b8c3e97739f2b"
+checksum = "d2153edc6955a6c354fad8f5efd38b6a8769bdccf9fe50f8e1329f81b0baa5d7"
 dependencies = [
  "indexmap 2.14.0",
  "toml_datetime 1.1.1+spec-1.1.0",
  "toml_parser",
- "winnow 1.0.2",
+ "winnow 1.0.3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3255,7 +3873,7 @@ version = "1.1.2+spec-1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a2abe9b86193656635d2411dc43050282ca48aa31c2451210f4202550afb7526"
 dependencies = [
- "winnow 1.0.2",
+ "winnow 1.0.3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3281,9 +3899,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tower-http"
-version = "0.6.10"
+version = "0.6.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "68d6fdd9f81c2819c9a8b0e0cd91660e7746a8e6ea2ba7c6b2b057985f6bcb51"
+checksum = "4cfcf7e2740e6fc6d4d688b4ef00650406bb94adf4731e43c096c3a19fe40840"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 2.11.1",
  "bytes",
@@ -3361,10 +3979,14 @@ checksum = "e421abadd41a4225275504ea4d6566923418b7f05506fbc9c0fe86ba7396114b"
 name = "twap_oracle_core"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
+ "alloy-primitives",
  "borsh",
  "nssa_core",
+ "risc0-zkvm",
+ "ruint",
  "serde",
  "spel-framework-macros",
+ "uniswap_v3_math",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3373,6 +3995,24 @@ version = "1.20.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "40ce102ab67701b8526c123c1bab5cbe42d7040ccfd0f64af1a385808d2f43de"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ucd-trie"
+version = "0.1.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2896d95c02a80c6d6a5d6e953d479f5ddf2dfdb6a244441010e373ac0fb88971"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "uint"
+version = "0.9.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "76f64bba2c53b04fcab63c01a7d7427eadc821e3bc48c34dc9ba29c501164b52"
+dependencies = [
+ "byteorder",
+ "crunchy",
+ "hex",
+ "static_assertions",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "unarray"
 version = "0.1.4"
@@ -3385,12 +4025,29 @@ version = "1.0.24"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e6e4313cd5fcd3dad5cafa179702e2b244f760991f45397d14d4ebf38247da75"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-segmentation"
+version = "1.13.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c6f5d3c3b1bf09027a88a6bc961fc00497d651009560b5463668dc81b0fa87a8"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-xid"
 version = "0.2.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ebc1c04c71510c7f702b52b7c350734c9ff1295c464a03335b00bb84fc54f853"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "uniswap_v3_math"
+version = "0.6.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e393498a831893ce69ed6e1d06615e400bd1e8f97e9fcd113324f2d610fe6d45"
+dependencies = [
+ "alloy-primitives",
+ "eyre",
+ "thiserror 2.0.18",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "untrusted"
 version = "0.9.0"
@@ -3427,6 +4084,15 @@ version = "0.9.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0b928f33d975fc6ad9f86c8f283853ad26bdd5b10b7f1542aa2fa15e2289105a"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "wait-timeout"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "09ac3b126d3914f9849036f826e054cbabdc8519970b8998ddaf3b5bd3c65f11"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "want"
 version = "0.3.1"
@@ -3462,9 +4128,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen"
-version = "0.2.121"
+version = "0.2.122"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "49ace1d07c165b0864824eee619580c4689389afa9dc9ed3a4c75040d82e6790"
+checksum = "3ed04576f974d2b2fba0f38c51dbc5518011e38c36bf1143164be765528fd409"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "once_cell",
@@ -3475,9 +4141,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-futures"
-version = "0.4.71"
+version = "0.4.72"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "96492d0d3ffba25305a7dc88720d250b1401d7edca02cc3bcd50633b424673b8"
+checksum = "9473dbd2991ae90b6291c3c32c30c6187ac49aa32f9905d1cce280ec1e110b0f"
 dependencies = [
  "js-sys",
  "wasm-bindgen",
@@ -3485,9 +4151,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro"
-version = "0.2.121"
+version = "0.2.122"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8e68e6f4afd367a562002c05637acb8578ff2dea1943df76afb9e83d177c8578"
+checksum = "916151b09da36bd82f6615cbf3a419e2f0ba23a03c6160e8e92eb6bd4aa1dec6"
 dependencies = [
  "quote",
  "wasm-bindgen-macro-support",
@@ -3495,9 +4161,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro-support"
-version = "0.2.121"
+version = "0.2.122"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d95a9ec35c64b2a7cb35d3fead40c4238d0940c86d107136999567a4703259f2"
+checksum = "299047362ccbfce148b67ab7e73349f77748e00c8296f9542adfad2ad82c5c5e"
 dependencies = [
  "bumpalo",
  "proc-macro2",
@@ -3508,9 +4174,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-shared"
-version = "0.2.121"
+version = "0.2.122"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c4e0100b01e9f0d03189a92b96772a1fb998639d981193d7dbab487302513441"
+checksum = "9a929b2c61f11ba3e9bc35b50c1f25cb38e0e892c0c231ae2b8cf78d5dad4437"
 dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
@@ -3559,14 +4225,14 @@ dependencies = [
  "bitflags 2.11.1",
  "hashbrown 0.15.5",
  "indexmap 2.14.0",
- "semver",
+ "semver 1.0.28",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "web-sys"
-version = "0.3.98"
+version = "0.3.99"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4b572dff8bcf38bad0fa19729c89bb5748b2b9b1d8be70cf90df697e3a8f32aa"
+checksum = "6d621441cfc37b84979402712047321980c178f299193a3589d05b99e8763436"
 dependencies = [
  "js-sys",
  "wasm-bindgen",
@@ -3817,9 +4483,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "winnow"
-version = "1.0.2"
+version = "1.0.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2ee1708bef14716a11bae175f579062d4554d95be2c6829f518df847b7b3fdd0"
+checksum = "0592e1c9d151f854e6fd382574c3a0855250e1d9b2f99d9281c6e6391af352f1"
 dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
@@ -3910,7 +4576,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "id-arena",
  "indexmap 2.14.0",
  "log",
- "semver",
+ "semver 1.0.28",
  "serde",
  "serde_derive",
  "serde_json",
@@ -3924,6 +4590,15 @@ version = "0.6.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1ffae5123b2d3fc086436f8834ae3ab053a283cfac8fe0a0b8eaae044768a4c4"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "wyz"
+version = "0.5.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "05f360fc0b24296329c78fda852a1e9ae82de9cf7b27dae4b7f62f118f77b9ed"
+dependencies = [
+ "tap",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "yaml-rust2"
 version = "0.10.4"
@@ -3960,18 +4635,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zerocopy"
-version = "0.8.48"
+version = "0.8.49"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "eed437bf9d6692032087e337407a86f04cd8d6a16a37199ed57949d415bd68e9"
+checksum = "bce33a6288fa3f072a8c2c7d0f2fdbb90e28298f0135c1f99b96c3db2efcc60b"
 dependencies = [
  "zerocopy-derive",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zerocopy-derive"
-version = "0.8.48"
+version = "0.8.49"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "70e3cd084b1788766f53af483dd21f93881ff30d7320490ec3ef7526d203bad4"
+checksum = "8fd425244944f4ab65ccff928e7323354c5a018c75838362fdce749dfad2ee1e"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
diff --git a/programs/token/methods/guest/Cargo.lock b/programs/token/methods/guest/Cargo.lock
index 07f88f1..2be20b6 100644
--- a/programs/token/methods/guest/Cargo.lock
+++ b/programs/token/methods/guest/Cargo.lock
@@ -278,9 +278,9 @@ checksum = "1505bd5d3d116872e7271a6d4e16d81d0c8570876c8de68093a09ac269d8aac0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "autocfg"
-version = "1.5.0"
+version = "1.5.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c08606f8c3cbf4ce6ec8e28fb0014a2c086708fe954eaa885384a6165172e7e8"
+checksum = "f2032f911046de80f0a198e0901378627c33f59ea0ac00e363d481118bd70a53"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "base16ct"
@@ -414,9 +414,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bumpalo"
-version = "3.20.2"
+version = "3.20.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5d20789868f4b01b2f2caec9f5c4e0213b41e3e5702a50157d699ae31ced2fcb"
+checksum = "72f5acc6cb2ba439de613abc23857ec3d78374d8ed5ac84e9d11336e87da8649"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bytemuck"
@@ -541,12 +541,12 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cipher"
-version = "0.5.1"
+version = "0.5.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e34d8227fe1ba289043aeb13792056ff80fd6de1a9f49137a5f499de8e8c78ea"
+checksum = "e8cf2a2c93cd704877c0858356ed03480ff301ee950b43f1cbe4573b088bfa6c"
 dependencies = [
  "block-buffer 0.12.0",
- "crypto-common 0.2.1",
+ "crypto-common 0.2.2",
  "inout",
 ]
 
@@ -634,9 +634,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "crypto-common"
-version = "0.2.1"
+version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "77727bb15fa921304124b128af125e7e3b968275d1b108b379190264f4423710"
+checksum = "ce6e4c961d6cd6c9a86db418387425e8bdeaf05b3c8bc1411e6dca4c252f1453"
 dependencies = [
  "hybrid-array",
 ]
@@ -830,9 +830,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "displaydoc"
-version = "0.2.5"
+version = "0.2.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "97369cbbc041bc366949bc74d34658d6cda5621039731c6310521892a3a20ae0"
+checksum = "1ac70aa55017e108007fbaf5aa0f54b021c98f92ff8af59d42eda9da96e3dd4f"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -897,9 +897,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "either"
-version = "1.15.0"
+version = "1.16.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "48c757948c5ede0e46177b7add2e67155f70e33c07fea8284df6576da70b3719"
+checksum = "91622ff5e7162018101f2fea40d6ebf4a78bbe5a49736a2020649edf9693679e"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "elf"
@@ -1238,9 +1238,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "http"
-version = "1.4.0"
+version = "1.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e3ba2a386d7f85a81f119ad7498ebe444d2e22c2af0b86b069416ace48b3311a"
+checksum = "8be7462df143984c4598a256ef469b251d7d7f9e271135073e78fc535414f3d0"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "itoa",
@@ -1286,9 +1286,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hyper"
-version = "1.9.0"
+version = "1.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6299f016b246a94207e63da54dbe807655bf9e00044f73ded42c3ac5305fbcca"
+checksum = "eb92f162bf56536459fc83c79b974bb12837acfed43d6bc370a7916d0ae15ecc"
 dependencies = [
  "atomic-waker",
  "bytes",
@@ -1552,9 +1552,9 @@ checksum = "8f42a60cbdf9a97f5d2305f08a87dc4e09308d1276d28c869c684d7777685682"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "js-sys"
-version = "0.3.98"
+version = "0.3.99"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "67df7112613f8bfd9150013a0314e196f4800d3201ae742489d999db2f979f08"
+checksum = "142bc4740e452c1e57ade0cbc129f139c9093e354346f0872ef985f4f5cf5f11"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "futures-util",
@@ -1638,9 +1638,9 @@ checksum = "b6d2cec3eae94f9f509c767b45932f1ada8350c4bdb85af2fcab4a3c14807981"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libredox"
-version = "0.1.16"
+version = "0.1.17"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e02f3bb43d335493c96bf3fd3a321600bf6bd07ed34bc64118e9293bdffea46c"
+checksum = "f02ab6bace2054fb888a3c16f990117b579d14a3088e472d63c6011fa185c9d3"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
@@ -1659,9 +1659,9 @@ checksum = "92daf443525c4cce67b150400bc2316076100ce0b3686209eb8cf3c31612e6f0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "log"
-version = "0.4.29"
+version = "0.4.30"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5e5032e24019045c762d3c0f28f5b6b8bbf38563a65908389bf7978758920897"
+checksum = "616ec5685824bcc94416c6d4a7a446eea774a31efd7062c8480ba6fd06d7a6e5"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lru-slab"
@@ -1680,9 +1680,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "maybe-async"
-version = "0.2.10"
+version = "0.2.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5cf92c10c7e361d6b99666ec1c6f9805b0bea2c3bd8c78dc6fe98ac5bd78db11"
+checksum = "746873a384ad60adc5db74471dfaba74bd278afbdcfd81db93fafcdfc8b5ca0c"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -1691,9 +1691,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "memchr"
-version = "2.8.0"
+version = "2.8.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f8ca58f447f06ed17d5fc4043ce1b10dd205e060fb3ce5b979b8ed8e59ff3f79"
+checksum = "6b947ae49db0d222b1dbc6b113ce7248a3fc3a6ca21b696717bfc000ba4484d8"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "merlin"
@@ -1784,9 +1784,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "num-conv"
-version = "0.2.1"
+version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c6673768db2d862beb9b39a78fdcb1a69439615d5794a1be50caa9bc92c81967"
+checksum = "521739c6d2bac4aa25192232afe6841231376b2b26d4d9fae5ecf8ca5772e441"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "num-integer"
@@ -1960,7 +1960,7 @@ version = "3.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e67ba7e9b2b56446f1d419b1d807906278ffa1a658a8a5d8a39dcb1f5a78614f"
 dependencies = [
- "toml_edit 0.25.11+spec-1.1.0",
+ "toml_edit 0.25.12+spec-1.1.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2731,9 +2731,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_json"
-version = "1.0.149"
+version = "1.0.150"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "83fc039473c5595ace860d8c4fafa220ff474b3fc6bfdb4293327f1a37e94d86"
+checksum = "e8014e44b4736ed0538adeecded0fce2a272f22dc9578a7eb6b2d9993c74cfb9"
 dependencies = [
  "itoa",
  "memchr",
@@ -3224,14 +3224,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "toml_edit"
-version = "0.25.11+spec-1.1.0"
+version = "0.25.12+spec-1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0b59c4d22ed448339746c59b905d24568fcbb3ab65a500494f7b8c3e97739f2b"
+checksum = "d2153edc6955a6c354fad8f5efd38b6a8769bdccf9fe50f8e1329f81b0baa5d7"
 dependencies = [
  "indexmap 2.14.0",
  "toml_datetime 1.1.1+spec-1.1.0",
  "toml_parser",
- "winnow 1.0.2",
+ "winnow 1.0.3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3240,7 +3240,7 @@ version = "1.1.2+spec-1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a2abe9b86193656635d2411dc43050282ca48aa31c2451210f4202550afb7526"
 dependencies = [
- "winnow 1.0.2",
+ "winnow 1.0.3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3266,9 +3266,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tower-http"
-version = "0.6.10"
+version = "0.6.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "68d6fdd9f81c2819c9a8b0e0cd91660e7746a8e6ea2ba7c6b2b057985f6bcb51"
+checksum = "4cfcf7e2740e6fc6d4d688b4ef00650406bb94adf4731e43c096c3a19fe40840"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 2.11.1",
  "bytes",
@@ -3437,9 +3437,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen"
-version = "0.2.121"
+version = "0.2.122"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "49ace1d07c165b0864824eee619580c4689389afa9dc9ed3a4c75040d82e6790"
+checksum = "3ed04576f974d2b2fba0f38c51dbc5518011e38c36bf1143164be765528fd409"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "once_cell",
@@ -3450,9 +3450,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-futures"
-version = "0.4.71"
+version = "0.4.72"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "96492d0d3ffba25305a7dc88720d250b1401d7edca02cc3bcd50633b424673b8"
+checksum = "9473dbd2991ae90b6291c3c32c30c6187ac49aa32f9905d1cce280ec1e110b0f"
 dependencies = [
  "js-sys",
  "wasm-bindgen",
@@ -3460,9 +3460,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro"
-version = "0.2.121"
+version = "0.2.122"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8e68e6f4afd367a562002c05637acb8578ff2dea1943df76afb9e83d177c8578"
+checksum = "916151b09da36bd82f6615cbf3a419e2f0ba23a03c6160e8e92eb6bd4aa1dec6"
 dependencies = [
  "quote",
  "wasm-bindgen-macro-support",
@@ -3470,9 +3470,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro-support"
-version = "0.2.121"
+version = "0.2.122"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d95a9ec35c64b2a7cb35d3fead40c4238d0940c86d107136999567a4703259f2"
+checksum = "299047362ccbfce148b67ab7e73349f77748e00c8296f9542adfad2ad82c5c5e"
 dependencies = [
  "bumpalo",
  "proc-macro2",
@@ -3483,9 +3483,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-shared"
-version = "0.2.121"
+version = "0.2.122"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c4e0100b01e9f0d03189a92b96772a1fb998639d981193d7dbab487302513441"
+checksum = "9a929b2c61f11ba3e9bc35b50c1f25cb38e0e892c0c231ae2b8cf78d5dad4437"
 dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
@@ -3539,9 +3539,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "web-sys"
-version = "0.3.98"
+version = "0.3.99"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4b572dff8bcf38bad0fa19729c89bb5748b2b9b1d8be70cf90df697e3a8f32aa"
+checksum = "6d621441cfc37b84979402712047321980c178f299193a3589d05b99e8763436"
 dependencies = [
  "js-sys",
  "wasm-bindgen",
@@ -3792,9 +3792,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "winnow"
-version = "1.0.2"
+version = "1.0.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2ee1708bef14716a11bae175f579062d4554d95be2c6829f518df847b7b3fdd0"
+checksum = "0592e1c9d151f854e6fd382574c3a0855250e1d9b2f99d9281c6e6391af352f1"
 dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
@@ -3935,18 +3935,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zerocopy"
-version = "0.8.48"
+version = "0.8.49"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "eed437bf9d6692032087e337407a86f04cd8d6a16a37199ed57949d415bd68e9"
+checksum = "bce33a6288fa3f072a8c2c7d0f2fdbb90e28298f0135c1f99b96c3db2efcc60b"
 dependencies = [
  "zerocopy-derive",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zerocopy-derive"
-version = "0.8.48"
+version = "0.8.49"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "70e3cd084b1788766f53af483dd21f93881ff30d7320490ec3ef7526d203bad4"
+checksum = "8fd425244944f4ab65ccff928e7323354c5a018c75838362fdce749dfad2ee1e"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -3955,9 +3955,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zerofrom"
-version = "0.1.7"
+version = "0.1.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "69faa1f2a1ea75661980b013019ed6687ed0e83d069bc1114e2cc74c6c04c4df"
+checksum = "0ec05a11813ea801ff6d75110ad09cd0824ddba17dfe17128ea0d5f68e6c5272"
 dependencies = [
  "zerofrom-derive",
 ]
diff --git a/programs/twap_oracle/Cargo.toml b/programs/twap_oracle/Cargo.toml
index ca8d30e..1637548 100644
--- a/programs/twap_oracle/Cargo.toml
+++ b/programs/twap_oracle/Cargo.toml
@@ -5,4 +5,8 @@ edition = "2021"
 
 [dependencies]
 nssa_core = { git = "https://github.com/logos-blockchain/logos-execution-zone.git", tag = "v0.2.0-rc3", features = ["host"] }
+clock_core = { git = "https://github.com/logos-blockchain/logos-execution-zone.git", tag = "v0.2.0-rc3" }
 twap_oracle_core = { path = "core" }
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
diff --git a/programs/twap_oracle/core/Cargo.toml b/programs/twap_oracle/core/Cargo.toml
index c1a749f..55166ac 100644
--- a/programs/twap_oracle/core/Cargo.toml
+++ b/programs/twap_oracle/core/Cargo.toml
@@ -3,8 +3,18 @@ name = "twap_oracle_core"
 version = "0.1.0"
 edition = "2021"
 
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
 [dependencies]
 nssa_core = { git = "https://github.com/logos-blockchain/logos-execution-zone.git", tag = "v0.2.0-rc3", features = ["host"] }
 borsh = { version = "1.5", features = ["derive"] }
 serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
 spel-framework-macros = { git = "https://github.com/logos-co/spel.git", tag = "v0.3.0", package = "spel-framework-macros" }
+risc0-zkvm = { version = "=3.0.5", default-features = false }
+uniswap_v3_math = "0.6.2"
+alloy-primitives = { version = "1", default-features = false }
+# Pin ruint (transitive via alloy-primitives) below 1.18, which raised its MSRV to rustc 1.90.
+# The risc0 guest toolchain ships rustc 1.88, so 1.18+ fails the guest build. 1.17.0 (MSRV 1.85)
+# is the newest compatible release. Remove this pin once the risc0 toolchain advances past 1.90.
+ruint = { version = "=1.17.0", default-features = false }
diff --git a/programs/twap_oracle/core/src/lib.rs b/programs/twap_oracle/core/src/lib.rs
index f2ac4c0..b12e389 100644
--- a/programs/twap_oracle/core/src/lib.rs
+++ b/programs/twap_oracle/core/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,18 +1,317 @@
 use borsh::{BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize};
-use nssa_core::account::{AccountId, Data};
+use nssa_core::{
+    account::{AccountId, Data},
+    program::{PdaSeed, ProgramId},
+};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use spel_framework_macros::account_type;
 
 /// TWAP Oracle Program Instruction.
 #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub enum Instruction {
-    /// No-op instruction. Does nothing and returns no state changes.
-    Noop,
+    /// Creates and initialises a price observations account for a price source and time window.
+    ///
+    /// Required accounts (in order):
+    /// 1. Price observations account — uninitialized PDA derived from
+    ///    `compute_price_observations_pda(self_program_id, price_source.account_id,
+    ///    window_duration)`.
+    /// 2. Price source account — the account whose ID acts as the feed identifier (e.g. an AMM
+    ///    pool account); must be passed with `is_authorized = true` to prove the caller controls
+    ///    it.
+    /// 3. Clock account — read-only; supplies the initial observation timestamp.
+    CreatePriceObservations {
+        /// Initial price tick: `floor(log_{1.0001}(reserve_b / reserve_a))`.
+        initial_tick: i32,
+        /// Duration of the TWAP window this feed serves, in milliseconds.
+        ///
+        /// Together with `OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY` this determines the minimum sampling interval
+        /// enforced by `RecordPrice`: `min_interval = window_duration / OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY`.
+        /// It is also part of the PDA seed, so each window gets a distinct account.
+        window_duration: u64,
+    },
+    /// Creates and initialises a canonical [`OraclePriceAccount`] for a price source and time
+    /// window.
+    ///
+    /// The price and timestamp start at zero and are populated later by a `PublishPrice`
+    /// instruction. Consumers must reject accounts whose `timestamp` is zero or stale.
+    ///
+    /// Required accounts (in order):
+    /// 1. Oracle price account — uninitialized PDA derived from
+    ///    `compute_oracle_price_account_pda(self_program_id, price_source.account_id,
+    ///    window_duration)`.
+    /// 2. Price source account — must be passed with `is_authorized = true` to prove the caller
+    ///    controls it. Its ID ties this price account to the same source as the corresponding
+    ///    [`PriceObservations`] account for the same window.
+    CreateOraclePriceAccount {
+        /// Canonical identifier of the base asset being priced.
+        base_asset: AccountId,
+        /// Canonical identifier of the quote asset that denominates `price`.
+        quote_asset: AccountId,
+        /// Duration of the TWAP window this price account serves, in milliseconds.
+        ///
+        /// Part of the PDA seed, so each `(price_source, window)` pair maps to a distinct
+        /// oracle price account.
+        window_duration: u64,
+    },
+    /// Creates and initialises a [`CurrentTickAccount`] for a price source.
+    ///
+    /// Called once per price source (not per window). The account holds the latest raw tick
+    /// written by the price source and serves as the input to `RecordTick`.
+    ///
+    /// Required accounts (in order):
+    /// 1. Current tick account — uninitialized PDA derived from
+    ///    `compute_current_tick_account_pda(self_program_id, price_source.account_id)`.
+    /// 2. Price source account — must be passed with `is_authorized = true`.
+    /// 3. Clock account — read-only; supplies the initial timestamp.
+    CreateCurrentTickAccount {
+        /// Opening tick: `floor(log_{1.0001}(reserve_b / reserve_a))` at creation time.
+        initial_tick: i32,
+    },
+    /// Updates the tick stored in an existing [`CurrentTickAccount`].
+    ///
+    /// Called by the price source (e.g. AMM) after each price-changing operation. Anyone may
+    /// subsequently call `RecordTick` to advance the [`PriceObservations`] accumulator using
+    /// the new tick.
+    ///
+    /// Required accounts (in order):
+    /// 1. Current tick account — initialized PDA derived from
+    ///    `compute_current_tick_account_pda(self_program_id, price_source.account_id)`.
+    /// 2. Price source account — must be passed with `is_authorized = true`.
+    /// 3. Clock account — read-only; supplies the updated timestamp.
+    UpdateCurrentTick {
+        /// New raw tick from the price source.
+        tick: i32,
+    },
+    /// Computes the TWAP over `window_duration` from the [`PriceObservations`] ring buffer and
+    /// writes the result to the [`OraclePriceAccount`].
+    ///
+    /// Permissionless — anyone may call this. Returns all accounts unchanged (no-op) if the
+    /// ring buffer holds fewer than two observations. Once at least two observations exist the
+    /// TWAP is computed over the available history, which may be shorter than `window_duration`
+    /// while the buffer is young.
+    ///
+    /// The resulting TWAP tick is stored in [`OraclePriceAccount::price`] via
+    /// [`tick_to_oracle_price`]. Consumers decode with [`oracle_price_to_tick`].
+    ///
+    /// Required accounts (in order):
+    /// 1. Price observations account — initialized PDA derived from
+    ///    `compute_price_observations_pda(self_program_id, price_source_id, window_duration)`.
+    /// 2. Oracle price account — initialized PDA derived from
+    ///    `compute_oracle_price_account_pda(self_program_id, price_source_id, window_duration)`.
+    /// 3. Clock account — read-only; supplies the publication timestamp.
+    PublishPrice {
+        /// ID of the price source; used to verify both PDAs.
+        price_source_id: AccountId,
+        /// Duration of the TWAP window in milliseconds; used to verify both PDAs and to
+        /// locate the boundary observation in the ring buffer.
+        window_duration: u64,
+    },
+    /// Records the current tick from a [`CurrentTickAccount`] into a [`PriceObservations`]
+    /// ring buffer.
+    ///
+    /// Permissionless — anyone may call this. Both PDAs are verified against `price_source_id`,
+    /// so the tick can only have been written by whoever controls that price source.
+    ///
+    /// A sampling guard silently skips the write if less than
+    /// `window_duration / OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY` milliseconds have elapsed since the last
+    /// observation. Callers may call this on every block without concern — the guard handles
+    /// downsampling on-chain.
+    ///
+    /// Required accounts (in order):
+    /// 1. Price observations account — initialized PDA derived from
+    ///    `compute_price_observations_pda(self_program_id, price_source_id, window_duration)`.
+    /// 2. Current tick account — initialized PDA derived from
+    ///    `compute_current_tick_account_pda(self_program_id, price_source_id)`.
+    /// 3. Clock account — read-only; supplies the current timestamp.
+    RecordTick {
+        /// ID of the price source; used to verify both PDAs.
+        price_source_id: AccountId,
+        /// Duration of the TWAP window in milliseconds; used to verify the
+        /// [`PriceObservations`] PDA and to compute the sampling guard interval.
+        window_duration: u64,
+    },
+}
+
+// ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+// Price feed
+// ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/// Maximum tick delta injected into the accumulator per observation.
+///
+/// Matches the Uniswap v4 truncated oracle hook reference value (~2.39× price move per block).
+/// An attacker who moves the pool by more than this in one block still only injects
+/// `MAX_TICK_DELTA` ticks into the cumulative — they must sustain the manipulation across
+/// many blocks while arbitrage erodes their position.
+pub const MAX_TICK_DELTA: i32 = 9_116;
+
+/// Number of entries in each price feed.
+///
+/// 6 396 is the maximum that fits within the `DATA_MAX_LENGTH = 100 KiB` runtime ceiling.
+/// Each [`ObservationEntry`] is 16 bytes (`timestamp` 8 + `tick_cumulative` 8); fixed overhead
+/// is 52 bytes (`price_source_id` 32 + `write_index` 4 + `total_entries` 8 +
+/// `last_recorded_tick` 4 + Borsh `Vec` length prefix 4), leaving 102 348 bytes for entries:
+/// `floor(102 348 / 16) = 6 396`.
+///
+/// The effective history window depends on the `window_duration` used to derive the feed PDA
+/// and the sampling guard: `min_interval = window_duration / OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY`. A 24 h feed
+/// samples every ~13 s; a 7 d feed every ~94 s; a 30 d feed every ~7 min.
+pub const OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY: u32 = 6396;
+
+/// A single price entry written to a [`PriceObservations`].
+#[derive(
+    Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize,
+)]
+pub struct ObservationEntry {
+    /// Block timestamp (milliseconds) when this entry was recorded.
+    pub timestamp: u64,
+    /// Running sum of `tick × elapsed_milliseconds` up to this entry.
+    ///
+    /// Grows without bound over time, which is why this is `i64` rather than `i32`.
+    /// The TWAP over any window `[t1, t2]` (timestamps in milliseconds) is computed as
+    /// `(tick_cumulative[t2] - tick_cumulative[t1]) / (t2 - t1)`.
+    pub tick_cumulative: i64,
+}
+
+/// Circular price feed of tick observations for a price source and time window.
+///
+/// Owned by the TWAP oracle as a PDA derived from
+/// `compute_price_observations_pda(oracle_program_id, price_source_id, window_duration)`.
+/// The window duration is not stored here — it is implicit in the PDA address. Any caller
+/// that locates this account already knows the window duration used to derive it.
+/// Only the account that controls `price_source_id` (proven via `is_authorized = true` at call
+/// time) may append new entries via `RecordPrice`.
+#[account_type]
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
+pub struct PriceObservations {
+    /// ID of the price source account this feed is associated with (e.g. an AMM pool).
+    /// The price feed PDA is derived from this ID and the window duration, so authorization is
+    /// implicit: whoever controls `price_source_id` is authorized to record prices.
+    pub price_source_id: AccountId,
+    /// Index of the *next* slot to write (wraps at `OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY`).
+    pub write_index: u32,
+    /// Total entries ever appended (never resets; used to detect empty/partial-fill state).
+    pub total_entries: u64,
+    /// The raw (untruncated) tick from the most recent `RecordTick` call.
+    ///
+    /// Used by `RecordTick` to compute the tick delta for the next observation:
+    /// `delta = current_tick - last_recorded_tick`. Stored as the actual tick, not the
+    /// clamped value, so that each successive delta is computed from the true price position.
+    pub last_recorded_tick: i32,
+    /// Circular price entries; always exactly `OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY` elements.
+    pub entries: Vec<ObservationEntry>,
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<&Data> for PriceObservations {
+    type Error = std::io::Error;
+
+    fn try_from(data: &Data) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        Self::try_from_slice(data.as_ref())
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<&PriceObservations> for Data {
+    fn from(feed: &PriceObservations) -> Self {
+        let serialized_len =
+            borsh::object_length(feed).expect("PriceObservations length must be known");
+        let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(serialized_len);
+        BorshSerialize::serialize(feed, &mut data).expect("Serialization to Vec should not fail");
+        Self::try_from(data).expect("PriceObservations encoded data should fit into Data")
+    }
+}
+
+// ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+// PDA helpers
+// ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+const PRICE_OBSERVATIONS_PDA_SEED: [u8; 32] = [2; 32];
+
+/// Derives the [`AccountId`] for a price source's [`PriceObservations`] PDA.
+///
+/// The `window_duration` is included in the seed so that each `(price_source, window)` pair
+/// maps to a distinct account.
+#[must_use]
+pub fn compute_price_observations_pda(
+    oracle_program_id: ProgramId,
+    price_source_id: AccountId,
+    window_duration: u64,
+) -> AccountId {
+    AccountId::for_public_pda(
+        &oracle_program_id,
+        &compute_price_observations_pda_seed(price_source_id, window_duration),
+    )
+}
+
+/// Derives the [`PdaSeed`] for a price source's [`PriceObservations`].
+///
+/// Hash input: `price_source_id (32 bytes) || window_duration_le (8 bytes) ||
+/// PRICE_OBSERVATIONS_PDA_SEED (32 bytes)`.
+#[must_use]
+pub fn compute_price_observations_pda_seed(
+    price_source_id: AccountId,
+    window_duration: u64,
+) -> PdaSeed {
+    use risc0_zkvm::sha::{Impl, Sha256};
+
+    let mut bytes = [0u8; 72];
+    bytes[..32].copy_from_slice(&price_source_id.to_bytes());
+    bytes[32..40].copy_from_slice(&window_duration.to_le_bytes());
+    bytes[40..72].copy_from_slice(&PRICE_OBSERVATIONS_PDA_SEED);
+
+    PdaSeed::new(
+        Impl::hash_bytes(&bytes)
+            .as_bytes()
+            .try_into()
+            .expect("Hash output must be exactly 32 bytes long"),
+    )
+}
+
+const ORACLE_PRICE_ACCOUNT_PDA_SEED: [u8; 32] = [3; 32];
+
+/// Derives the [`AccountId`] for a price source's [`OraclePriceAccount`] PDA.
+///
+/// The `window_duration` is included in the seed so that each `(price_source, window)` pair
+/// maps to a distinct account, mirroring the [`PriceObservations`] PDA derivation.
+#[must_use]
+pub fn compute_oracle_price_account_pda(
+    oracle_program_id: ProgramId,
+    price_source_id: AccountId,
+    window_duration: u64,
+) -> AccountId {
+    AccountId::for_public_pda(
+        &oracle_program_id,
+        &compute_oracle_price_account_pda_seed(price_source_id, window_duration),
+    )
+}
+
+/// Derives the [`PdaSeed`] for a price source's [`OraclePriceAccount`].
+///
+/// Hash input: `price_source_id (32 bytes) || window_duration_le (8 bytes) ||
+/// ORACLE_PRICE_ACCOUNT_PDA_SEED (32 bytes)`.
+#[must_use]
+pub fn compute_oracle_price_account_pda_seed(
+    price_source_id: AccountId,
+    window_duration: u64,
+) -> PdaSeed {
+    use risc0_zkvm::sha::{Impl, Sha256};
+
+    let mut bytes = [0u8; 72];
+    bytes[..32].copy_from_slice(&price_source_id.to_bytes());
+    bytes[32..40].copy_from_slice(&window_duration.to_le_bytes());
+    bytes[40..72].copy_from_slice(&ORACLE_PRICE_ACCOUNT_PDA_SEED);
+
+    PdaSeed::new(
+        Impl::hash_bytes(&bytes)
+            .as_bytes()
+            .try_into()
+            .expect("Hash output must be exactly 32 bytes long"),
+    )
 }
 
 /// Canonical oracle price account consumed by LEZ programs.
 ///
-/// Oracle producers own how this account is written; consumers only read and validate it.
+/// Oracle producers own how this account is written; consumers only read and
+/// validate it. The account shape is intentionally generic so that any oracle
+/// type (TWAP, external adaptor, aggregator) can use the same interface.
 #[account_type]
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
 pub struct OraclePriceAccount {
@@ -27,8 +326,9 @@ pub struct OraclePriceAccount {
     /// Price observation timestamp. Consumers choose the time unit by matching this with
     /// `max_age`.
     pub timestamp: u64,
-    /// Identifier of the source that populated this account, such as a TWAP or external adaptor.
-    pub source_id: String,
+    /// Identifier of the source account that populated this account, such as a TWAP program or
+    /// external adaptor.
+    pub source_id: AccountId,
     /// Source-provided confidence interval, or zero when the source does not provide one.
     pub confidence_interval: u128,
 }
@@ -51,3 +351,195 @@ impl From<&OraclePriceAccount> for Data {
         Self::try_from(data).expect("Oracle price account encoded data should fit into Data")
     }
 }
+
+// ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+// TWAP price encoding
+// ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/// Number of fractional bits in the [`OraclePriceAccount::price`] fixed-point value.
+///
+/// The price is stored as a `Q64.64` ratio: `OraclePriceAccount::price / 2^PRICE_FRACTIONAL_BITS`
+/// is the amount of `quote_asset` one unit of `base_asset` is worth. A consumer multiplies a
+/// token amount by the price with `(amount * price) >> PRICE_FRACTIONAL_BITS`.
+pub const PRICE_FRACTIONAL_BITS: u32 = 64;
+
+/// Converts a TWAP tick into the `Q64.64` fixed-point price stored in
+/// [`OraclePriceAccount::price`].
+///
+/// The price is `1.0001^tick`, computed via the Uniswap v3 `sqrtPriceX96` representation
+/// (pure-integer, no floating point) and then squared back to a plain ratio:
+///
+/// ```text
+/// sqrtPriceX96 = sqrt(1.0001^tick) * 2^96
+/// price        = sqrtPriceX96^2 / 2^128 = 1.0001^tick * 2^64   (Q64.64)
+/// ```
+///
+/// `sqrtPriceX96^2` is computed with [`full_math::mul_div`] using a 512-bit intermediate, so it
+/// never overflows for any valid tick. The tick is clamped to `[MIN_TICK, MAX_TICK]` and the
+/// result saturates at `u128::MAX` for the (practically unreachable) ticks above ~443 636 whose
+/// ratio would exceed `2^64`.
+///
+/// See `docs/twap-oracle-tick-to-price-conversion.md` for the full derivation.
+#[must_use]
+pub fn tick_to_oracle_price(tick: i32) -> u128 {
+    use alloy_primitives::U256;
+    use uniswap_v3_math::tick_math::{MAX_TICK, MIN_TICK};
+
+    // 2^128, used to bring sqrtPriceX96^2 (a Q128.128 square) down to Q64.64.
+    // Built from limbs (little-endian u64 words) to avoid arithmetic operators on U256.
+    const TWO_POW_128: U256 = U256::from_limbs([0, 0, 1, 0]);
+
+    let clamped_tick = tick.clamp(MIN_TICK, MAX_TICK);
+    let sqrt_price_x96 = uniswap_v3_math::tick_math::get_sqrt_ratio_at_tick(clamped_tick)
+        .expect("clamped tick is within [MIN_TICK, MAX_TICK]");
+    let price_q64_64 =
+        uniswap_v3_math::full_math::mul_div(sqrt_price_x96, sqrt_price_x96, TWO_POW_128)
+            .expect("1.0001^tick * 2^64 fits in U256 for any valid tick");
+
+    u128::try_from(price_q64_64).unwrap_or(u128::MAX)
+}
+
+// ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+// Current tick account
+// ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/// Live price tick for a price source, written by the price source on every price-changing
+/// operation.
+///
+/// Owned by the TWAP oracle as a PDA derived from
+/// `compute_current_tick_account_pda(oracle_program_id, price_source_id)`.
+/// One account exists per price source; it is shared across all time windows for that source.
+/// Anyone may call `RecordTick` to advance a [`PriceObservations`] accumulator using the tick
+/// stored here.
+#[account_type]
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
+pub struct CurrentTickAccount {
+    /// Most recent raw tick written by the price source:
+    /// `floor(log_{1.0001}(reserve_b / reserve_a))`.
+    pub tick: i32,
+    /// Block timestamp (milliseconds) when `tick` was last written.
+    pub last_updated: u64,
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<&Data> for CurrentTickAccount {
+    type Error = std::io::Error;
+
+    fn try_from(data: &Data) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        Self::try_from_slice(data.as_ref())
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<&CurrentTickAccount> for Data {
+    fn from(account: &CurrentTickAccount) -> Self {
+        let serialized_len =
+            borsh::object_length(account).expect("CurrentTickAccount length must be known");
+        let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(serialized_len);
+        BorshSerialize::serialize(account, &mut data)
+            .expect("Serialization to Vec should not fail");
+        Self::try_from(data).expect("CurrentTickAccount encoded data should fit into Data")
+    }
+}
+
+const CURRENT_TICK_ACCOUNT_PDA_SEED: [u8; 32] = [4; 32];
+
+/// Derives the [`AccountId`] for a price source's [`CurrentTickAccount`] PDA.
+#[must_use]
+pub fn compute_current_tick_account_pda(
+    oracle_program_id: ProgramId,
+    price_source_id: AccountId,
+) -> AccountId {
+    AccountId::for_public_pda(
+        &oracle_program_id,
+        &compute_current_tick_account_pda_seed(price_source_id),
+    )
+}
+
+/// Derives the [`PdaSeed`] for a price source's [`CurrentTickAccount`].
+///
+/// Hash input: `price_source_id (32 bytes) || CURRENT_TICK_ACCOUNT_PDA_SEED (32 bytes)`.
+#[must_use]
+pub fn compute_current_tick_account_pda_seed(price_source_id: AccountId) -> PdaSeed {
+    use risc0_zkvm::sha::{Impl, Sha256};
+
+    let mut bytes = [0u8; 64];
+    bytes[..32].copy_from_slice(&price_source_id.to_bytes());
+    bytes[32..64].copy_from_slice(&CURRENT_TICK_ACCOUNT_PDA_SEED);
+
+    PdaSeed::new(
+        Impl::hash_bytes(&bytes)
+            .as_bytes()
+            .try_into()
+            .expect("Hash output must be exactly 32 bytes long"),
+    )
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    /// `1.0` in Q64.64 is `2^64`.
+    const ONE_Q64_64: u128 = 1u128 << PRICE_FRACTIONAL_BITS;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tick_zero_is_unit_price() {
+        // 1.0001^0 = 1.0 → exactly 2^64 in Q64.64.
+        assert_eq!(tick_to_oracle_price(0), ONE_Q64_64);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn positive_tick_is_above_unit() {
+        assert!(tick_to_oracle_price(1) > ONE_Q64_64);
+        assert!(tick_to_oracle_price(10_000) > ONE_Q64_64);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn negative_tick_is_below_unit() {
+        assert!(tick_to_oracle_price(-1) < ONE_Q64_64);
+        assert!(tick_to_oracle_price(-10_000) < ONE_Q64_64);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn price_is_monotonic_in_tick() {
+        let mut prev = tick_to_oracle_price(-50_000);
+        for tick in (-49_000..=50_000).step_by(1_000) {
+            let cur = tick_to_oracle_price(tick);
+            assert!(cur > prev, "price must increase with tick at {tick}");
+            prev = cur;
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tick_10000_matches_known_ratio() {
+        // 1.0001^10000 ≈ 2.71814. Check the ratio in milli-units (× 1000) lands in [2717, 2719]
+        // using integer math only — `price * 1000 / 2^64` ≈ 2718.
+        let price = tick_to_oracle_price(10_000);
+        let ratio_milli = price
+            .checked_mul(1_000)
+            .and_then(|scaled| scaled.checked_div(ONE_Q64_64))
+            .expect("price * 1000 fits in u128");
+        assert!(
+            (2_717..=2_719).contains(&ratio_milli),
+            "got {ratio_milli} / 1000"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn extreme_positive_tick_saturates() {
+        // 1.0001^MAX_TICK far exceeds 2^64, so the Q64.64 value saturates at u128::MAX.
+        let price = tick_to_oracle_price(uniswap_v3_math::tick_math::MAX_TICK);
+        assert_eq!(price, u128::MAX);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn ticks_beyond_bounds_are_clamped() {
+        // Ticks outside [MIN_TICK, MAX_TICK] must not panic; they clamp to the bound.
+        assert_eq!(
+            tick_to_oracle_price(i32::MAX),
+            tick_to_oracle_price(uniswap_v3_math::tick_math::MAX_TICK)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            tick_to_oracle_price(i32::MIN),
+            tick_to_oracle_price(uniswap_v3_math::tick_math::MIN_TICK)
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/programs/twap_oracle/methods/guest/Cargo.lock b/programs/twap_oracle/methods/guest/Cargo.lock
index 31ba824..3bbeb85 100644
--- a/programs/twap_oracle/methods/guest/Cargo.lock
+++ b/programs/twap_oracle/methods/guest/Cargo.lock
@@ -29,6 +29,44 @@ version = "0.2.21"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "683d7910e743518b0e34f1186f92494becacb047c7b6bf616c96772180fef923"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "alloy-primitives"
+version = "1.6.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4885c1409b6936c4898e646ef58baf6ec54edaf6d8179f79df805a7b85b7cf3e"
+dependencies = [
+ "alloy-rlp",
+ "bytes",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "const-hex",
+ "derive_more",
+ "foldhash 0.2.0",
+ "hashbrown 0.17.1",
+ "indexmap 2.14.0",
+ "itoa",
+ "k256",
+ "keccak-asm",
+ "paste",
+ "proptest",
+ "rand 0.9.4",
+ "rapidhash",
+ "ruint",
+ "rustc-hash",
+ "secp256k1",
+ "serde",
+ "sha3",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "alloy-rlp"
+version = "0.3.15"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dc90b1e703d3c03f4ff7f48e82dd0bc1c8211ab7d079cd836a06fcfeb06651cb"
+dependencies = [
+ "arrayvec",
+ "bytes",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "android_system_properties"
 version = "0.1.5"
@@ -51,9 +89,9 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d69eab57e8d2663efa5c63135b2af4f396d66424f88954c21104125ab6b3e6bc"
 dependencies = [
  "ark-ec",
- "ark-ff",
+ "ark-ff 0.5.0",
  "ark-r1cs-std",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-std 0.5.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -65,14 +103,14 @@ dependencies = [
  "ahash",
  "ark-crypto-primitives-macros",
  "ark-ec",
- "ark-ff",
+ "ark-ff 0.5.0",
  "ark-relations",
- "ark-serialize",
+ "ark-serialize 0.5.0",
  "ark-snark",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-std 0.5.0",
  "blake2",
  "derivative",
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
  "fnv",
  "merlin",
  "sha2",
@@ -96,10 +134,10 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "43d68f2d516162846c1238e755a7c4d131b892b70cc70c471a8e3ca3ed818fce"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash",
- "ark-ff",
+ "ark-ff 0.5.0",
  "ark-poly",
- "ark-serialize",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-serialize 0.5.0",
+ "ark-std 0.5.0",
  "educe",
  "fnv",
  "hashbrown 0.15.5",
@@ -110,18 +148,56 @@ dependencies = [
  "zeroize",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-ff"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6b3235cc41ee7a12aaaf2c575a2ad7b46713a8a50bda2fc3b003a04845c05dd6"
+dependencies = [
+ "ark-ff-asm 0.3.0",
+ "ark-ff-macros 0.3.0",
+ "ark-serialize 0.3.0",
+ "ark-std 0.3.0",
+ "derivative",
+ "num-bigint",
+ "num-traits",
+ "paste",
+ "rustc_version 0.3.3",
+ "zeroize",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-ff"
+version = "0.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ec847af850f44ad29048935519032c33da8aa03340876d351dfab5660d2966ba"
+dependencies = [
+ "ark-ff-asm 0.4.2",
+ "ark-ff-macros 0.4.2",
+ "ark-serialize 0.4.2",
+ "ark-std 0.4.0",
+ "derivative",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
+ "itertools 0.10.5",
+ "num-bigint",
+ "num-traits",
+ "paste",
+ "rustc_version 0.4.1",
+ "zeroize",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ark-ff"
 version = "0.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a177aba0ed1e0fbb62aa9f6d0502e9b46dad8c2eab04c14258a1212d2557ea70"
 dependencies = [
- "ark-ff-asm",
- "ark-ff-macros",
- "ark-serialize",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-ff-asm 0.5.0",
+ "ark-ff-macros 0.5.0",
+ "ark-serialize 0.5.0",
+ "ark-std 0.5.0",
  "arrayvec",
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
  "educe",
  "itertools 0.13.0",
  "num-bigint",
@@ -130,6 +206,26 @@ dependencies = [
  "zeroize",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-ff-asm"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "db02d390bf6643fb404d3d22d31aee1c4bc4459600aef9113833d17e786c6e44"
+dependencies = [
+ "quote",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-ff-asm"
+version = "0.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3ed4aa4fe255d0bc6d79373f7e31d2ea147bcf486cba1be5ba7ea85abdb92348"
+dependencies = [
+ "quote",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ark-ff-asm"
 version = "0.5.0"
@@ -140,6 +236,31 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-ff-macros"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "db2fd794a08ccb318058009eefdf15bcaaaaf6f8161eb3345f907222bac38b20"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-bigint",
+ "num-traits",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-ff-macros"
+version = "0.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7abe79b0e4288889c4574159ab790824d0033b9fdcb2a112a3182fac2e514565"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-bigint",
+ "num-traits",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ark-ff-macros"
 version = "0.5.0"
@@ -161,11 +282,11 @@ checksum = "88f1d0f3a534bb54188b8dcc104307db6c56cdae574ddc3212aec0625740fc7e"
 dependencies = [
  "ark-crypto-primitives",
  "ark-ec",
- "ark-ff",
+ "ark-ff 0.5.0",
  "ark-poly",
  "ark-relations",
- "ark-serialize",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-serialize 0.5.0",
+ "ark-std 0.5.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -175,9 +296,9 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "579305839da207f02b89cd1679e50e67b4331e2f9294a57693e5051b7703fe27"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash",
- "ark-ff",
- "ark-serialize",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-ff 0.5.0",
+ "ark-serialize 0.5.0",
+ "ark-std 0.5.0",
  "educe",
  "fnv",
  "hashbrown 0.15.5",
@@ -190,9 +311,9 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "941551ef1df4c7a401de7068758db6503598e6f01850bdb2cfdb614a1f9dbea1"
 dependencies = [
  "ark-ec",
- "ark-ff",
+ "ark-ff 0.5.0",
  "ark-relations",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-std 0.5.0",
  "educe",
  "num-bigint",
  "num-integer",
@@ -206,12 +327,33 @@ version = "0.5.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ec46ddc93e7af44bcab5230937635b06fb5744464dd6a7e7b083e80ebd274384"
 dependencies = [
- "ark-ff",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-ff 0.5.0",
+ "ark-std 0.5.0",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-subscriber",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-serialize"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1d6c2b318ee6e10f8c2853e73a83adc0ccb88995aa978d8a3408d492ab2ee671"
+dependencies = [
+ "ark-std 0.3.0",
+ "digest 0.9.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-serialize"
+version = "0.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "adb7b85a02b83d2f22f89bd5cac66c9c89474240cb6207cb1efc16d098e822a5"
+dependencies = [
+ "ark-std 0.4.0",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
+ "num-bigint",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ark-serialize"
 version = "0.5.0"
@@ -219,9 +361,9 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "3f4d068aaf107ebcd7dfb52bc748f8030e0fc930ac8e360146ca54c1203088f7"
 dependencies = [
  "ark-serialize-derive",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-std 0.5.0",
  "arrayvec",
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
  "num-bigint",
 ]
 
@@ -242,10 +384,30 @@ version = "0.5.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d368e2848c2d4c129ce7679a7d0d2d612b6a274d3ea6a13bad4445d61b381b88"
 dependencies = [
- "ark-ff",
+ "ark-ff 0.5.0",
  "ark-relations",
- "ark-serialize",
- "ark-std",
+ "ark-serialize 0.5.0",
+ "ark-std 0.5.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-std"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1df2c09229cbc5a028b1d70e00fdb2acee28b1055dfb5ca73eea49c5a25c4e7c"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-traits",
+ "rand 0.8.6",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ark-std"
+version = "0.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "94893f1e0c6eeab764ade8dc4c0db24caf4fe7cbbaafc0eba0a9030f447b5185"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-traits",
+ "rand 0.8.6",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -276,6 +438,17 @@ version = "1.1.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1505bd5d3d116872e7271a6d4e16d81d0c8570876c8de68093a09ac269d8aac0"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "auto_impl"
+version = "1.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ffdcb70bdbc4d478427380519163274ac86e52916e10f0a8889adf0f96d3fee7"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "autocfg"
 version = "1.5.1"
@@ -315,12 +488,37 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "bit-set"
+version = "0.8.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "08807e080ed7f9d5433fa9b275196cfc35414f66a0c79d864dc51a0d825231a3"
+dependencies = [
+ "bit-vec",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "bit-vec"
 version = "0.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5e764a1d40d510daf35e07be9eb06e75770908c27d411ee6c92109c9840eaaf7"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "bitcoin-io"
+version = "0.1.100"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "11301df0b06f22dea7bb1916403fdd88a371031e495c49b8f96931b28189e175"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bitcoin_hashes"
+version = "0.14.100"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0c9901a56e133a1fc86eeb1113e2591f45f4682451ca893bff494d2f88918e3f"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitcoin-io",
+ "hex-conservative",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "bitflags"
 version = "1.3.2"
@@ -333,13 +531,25 @@ version = "2.11.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c4512299f36f043ab09a583e57bceb5a5aab7a73db1805848e8fef3c9e8c78b3"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "bitvec"
+version = "1.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1bc2832c24239b0141d5674bb9174f9d68a8b5b3f2753311927c172ca46f7e9c"
+dependencies = [
+ "funty",
+ "radium",
+ "tap",
+ "wyz",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "blake2"
 version = "0.10.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "46502ad458c9a52b69d4d4d32775c788b7a1b85e8bc9d482d92250fc0e3f8efe"
 dependencies = [
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -418,6 +628,12 @@ version = "3.20.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "72f5acc6cb2ba439de613abc23857ec3d78374d8ed5ac84e9d11336e87da8649"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "byte-slice-cast"
+version = "1.2.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7575182f7272186991736b70173b0ea045398f984bf5ebbb3804736ce1330c9d"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "bytemuck"
 version = "1.25.0"
@@ -488,7 +704,7 @@ checksum = "dd5eb614ed4c27c5d706420e4320fbe3216ab31fa1c33cd8246ac36dae4479ba"
 dependencies = [
  "camino",
  "cargo-platform",
- "semver",
+ "semver 1.0.28",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "thiserror 2.0.18",
@@ -550,6 +766,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "inout",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "clock_core"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/logos-blockchain/logos-execution-zone.git?tag=v0.2.0-rc3#cf3639d8252040d13b3d4e933feb19b42c76e14a"
+dependencies = [
+ "borsh",
+ "nssa_core",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "cobs"
 version = "0.3.0"
@@ -559,12 +784,54 @@ dependencies = [
  "thiserror 2.0.18",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "const-hex"
+version = "1.19.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "33e2a781ebdf4467d1428dc4593067825fb646f6871475098d8577421af73558"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "cpufeatures 0.2.17",
+ "proptest",
+ "serde_core",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "const-oid"
 version = "0.9.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c2459377285ad874054d797f3ccebf984978aa39129f6eafde5cdc8315b612f8"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "const_format"
+version = "0.2.36"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4481a617ad9a412be3b97c5d403fef8ed023103368908b9c50af598ff467cc1e"
+dependencies = [
+ "const_format_proc_macros",
+ "konst",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "const_format_proc_macros"
+version = "0.2.34"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1d57c2eccfb16dbac1f4e61e206105db5820c9d26c3c472bc17c774259ef7744"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "unicode-xid",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "convert_case"
+version = "0.10.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "633458d4ef8c78b72454de2d54fd6ab2e60f9e02be22f3c6104cdc8a4e0fceb9"
+dependencies = [
+ "unicode-segmentation",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "core-foundation"
 version = "0.9.4"
@@ -610,6 +877,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "crunchy"
+version = "0.2.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "460fbee9c2c2f33933d720630a6a0bac33ba7053db5344fac858d4b8952d77d5"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "crypto-bigint"
 version = "0.5.5"
@@ -788,13 +1061,23 @@ version = "2.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "799a97264921d8623a957f6c3b9011f3b5492f557bbb7a5a19b7fa6d06ba8dcb"
 dependencies = [
+ "convert_case",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "rustc_version",
+ "rustc_version 0.4.1",
  "syn 2.0.117",
  "unicode-xid",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "digest"
+version = "0.9.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d3dd60d1080a57a05ab032377049e0591415d2b31afd7028356dbf3cc6dcb066"
+dependencies = [
+ "generic-array",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "digest"
 version = "0.10.7"
@@ -807,6 +1090,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "subtle",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "digest"
+version = "0.11.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f1dd6dbb5841937940781866fa1281a1ff7bd3bf827091440879f9994983d5c2"
+dependencies = [
+ "block-buffer 0.12.0",
+ "crypto-common 0.2.2",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "dirs"
 version = "6.0.0"
@@ -825,14 +1118,14 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "option-ext",
  "redox_users",
- "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+ "windows-sys 0.60.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "displaydoc"
-version = "0.2.5"
+version = "0.2.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "97369cbbc041bc366949bc74d34658d6cda5621039731c6310521892a3a20ae0"
+checksum = "1ac70aa55017e108007fbaf5aa0f54b021c98f92ff8af59d42eda9da96e3dd4f"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -875,7 +1168,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ee27f32b5c5292967d2d4a9d7f1e0b0aed2c15daded5a60300e4abb9d8020bca"
 dependencies = [
  "der",
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
  "elliptic-curve",
  "rfc6979",
  "serdect",
@@ -915,7 +1208,7 @@ checksum = "b5e6043086bf7973472e0c7dff2142ea0b680d30e18d9cc40f267efbf222bd47"
 dependencies = [
  "base16ct",
  "crypto-bigint",
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
  "ff",
  "generic-array",
  "group",
@@ -982,7 +1275,17 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "39cab71617ae0d63f51a36d69f866391735b51691dbda63cf6f96d042b63efeb"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
- "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "eyre"
+version = "0.6.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7cd915d99f24784cdc19fd37ef22b97e3ff0ae756c7e492e9fbfe897d61e2aec"
+dependencies = [
+ "indenter",
+ "once_cell",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -991,6 +1294,28 @@ version = "2.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9f1f227452a390804cdb637b74a86990f2a7d7ba4b7d5693aac9b4dd6defd8d6"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "fastrlp"
+version = "0.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "139834ddba373bbdd213dffe02c8d110508dcf1726c2be27e8d1f7d7e1856418"
+dependencies = [
+ "arrayvec",
+ "auto_impl",
+ "bytes",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "fastrlp"
+version = "0.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ce8dba4714ef14b8274c371879b175aa55b16b30f269663f19d576f380018dc4"
+dependencies = [
+ "arrayvec",
+ "auto_impl",
+ "bytes",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ff"
 version = "0.13.1"
@@ -1007,6 +1332,18 @@ version = "0.1.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5baebc0774151f905a1a2cc41989300b1e6fbb29aff0ceffa1064fdd3088d582"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "fixed-hash"
+version = "0.8.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "835c052cb0c08c1acf6ffd71c022172e18723949c8282f2b9f27efbc51e64534"
+dependencies = [
+ "byteorder",
+ "rand 0.8.6",
+ "rustc-hex",
+ "static_assertions",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "fnv"
 version = "1.0.7"
@@ -1019,6 +1356,12 @@ version = "0.1.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d9c4f5dac5e15c24eb999c26181a6ca40b39fe946cbe4c263c7209467bc83af2"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "foldhash"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "77ce24cb58228fbb8aa041425bb1050850ac19177686ea6e0f41a70416f56fdb"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "foreign-types"
 version = "0.5.0"
@@ -1055,6 +1398,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "percent-encoding",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "funty"
+version = "2.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e6d5a32815ae3f33302d95fdcb2ce17862f8c65363dcfd29360480ba1001fc9c"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-channel"
 version = "0.3.32"
@@ -1191,7 +1540,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9229cfe53dfd69f0609a49f65461bd93001ea1ef889cd5529dd176593f5338a1"
 dependencies = [
  "allocator-api2",
- "foldhash",
+ "foldhash 0.1.5",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1199,6 +1548,9 @@ name = "hashbrown"
 version = "0.17.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ed5909b6e89a2db4456e54cd5f673791d7eca6732202bbf2a9cc504fe2f9b84a"
+dependencies = [
+ "foldhash 0.2.0",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hashlink"
@@ -1221,6 +1573,15 @@ version = "0.4.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7f24254aa9a54b5c858eaee2f5bccdb46aaf0e486a595ed5fd8f86ba55232a70"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "hex-conservative"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fda06d18ac606267c40c04e41b9947729bf8b9efe74bd4e82b61a5f26a510b9f"
+dependencies = [
+ "arrayvec",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "hex-literal"
 version = "0.4.1"
@@ -1233,14 +1594,14 @@ version = "0.12.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6c49c37c09c17a53d937dfbb742eb3a961d65a994e6bcdcf37e7399d0cc8ab5e"
 dependencies = [
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "http"
-version = "1.4.0"
+version = "1.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e3ba2a386d7f85a81f119ad7498ebe444d2e22c2af0b86b069416ace48b3311a"
+checksum = "8be7462df143984c4598a256ef469b251d7d7f9e271135073e78fc535414f3d0"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "itoa",
@@ -1286,9 +1647,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hyper"
-version = "1.9.0"
+version = "1.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6299f016b246a94207e63da54dbe807655bf9e00044f73ded42c3ac5305fbcca"
+checksum = "eb92f162bf56536459fc83c79b974bb12837acfed43d6bc370a7916d0ae15ecc"
 dependencies = [
  "atomic-waker",
  "bytes",
@@ -1482,12 +1843,38 @@ dependencies = [
  "icu_properties",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "impl-codec"
+version = "0.6.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ba6a270039626615617f3f36d15fc827041df3b78c439da2cadfa47455a77f2f"
+dependencies = [
+ "parity-scale-codec",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "impl-trait-for-tuples"
+version = "0.2.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a0eb5a3343abf848c0984fe4604b2b105da9539376e24fc0a3b0007411ae4fd9"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "include_bytes_aligned"
 version = "0.1.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4ee796ad498c8d9a1d68e477df8f754ed784ef875de1414ebdaf169f70a6a784"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "indenter"
+version = "0.3.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "964de6e86d545b246d84badc0fef527924ace5134f30641c203ef52ba83f58d5"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "indexmap"
 version = "1.9.3"
@@ -1526,6 +1913,15 @@ version = "2.12.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d98f6fed1fde3f8c21bc40a1abb88dd75e67924f9cffc3ef95607bad8017f8e2"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "itertools"
+version = "0.10.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b0fd2260e829bddf4cb6ea802289de2f86d6a7a690192fbe91b3f46e0f2c8473"
+dependencies = [
+ "either",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "itertools"
 version = "0.13.0"
@@ -1586,6 +1982,41 @@ dependencies = [
  "cpufeatures 0.2.17",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "keccak"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9e24a010dd405bd7ed803e5253182815b41bf2e6a80cc3bfc066658e03a198aa"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "cpufeatures 0.3.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "keccak-asm"
+version = "0.1.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1766b89733097006f3a1388a02849865d6bc98c89273cb622e29fdd209922183"
+dependencies = [
+ "digest 0.10.7",
+ "sha3-asm",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "konst"
+version = "0.2.20"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "128133ed7824fcd73d6e7b17957c5eb7bacb885649bd8c69708b2331a10bcefb"
+dependencies = [
+ "konst_macro_rules",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "konst_macro_rules"
+version = "0.2.19"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a4933f3f57a8e9d9da04db23fb153356ecaf00cbd14aee46279c33dc80925c37"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "lazy-regex"
 version = "3.6.0"
@@ -1638,9 +2069,9 @@ checksum = "b6d2cec3eae94f9f509c767b45932f1ada8350c4bdb85af2fcab4a3c14807981"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libredox"
-version = "0.1.16"
+version = "0.1.17"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e02f3bb43d335493c96bf3fd3a321600bf6bd07ed34bc64118e9293bdffea46c"
+checksum = "f02ab6bace2054fb888a3c16f990117b579d14a3088e472d63c6011fa185c9d3"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
@@ -1691,9 +2122,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "memchr"
-version = "2.8.0"
+version = "2.8.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f8ca58f447f06ed17d5fc4043ce1b10dd205e060fb3ce5b979b8ed8e59ff3f79"
+checksum = "6b947ae49db0d222b1dbc6b113ce7248a3fc3a6ca21b696717bfc000ba4484d8"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "merlin"
@@ -1702,7 +2133,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "58c38e2799fc0978b65dfff8023ec7843e2330bb462f19198840b34b6582397d"
 dependencies = [
  "byteorder",
- "keccak",
+ "keccak 0.1.6",
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
  "zeroize",
 ]
@@ -1860,6 +2291,34 @@ version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "04744f49eae99ab78e0d5c0b603ab218f515ea8cfe5a456d7629ad883a3b6e7d"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "parity-scale-codec"
+version = "3.7.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "799781ae679d79a948e13d4824a40970bfa500058d245760dd857301059810fa"
+dependencies = [
+ "arrayvec",
+ "bitvec",
+ "byte-slice-cast",
+ "const_format",
+ "impl-trait-for-tuples",
+ "parity-scale-codec-derive",
+ "rustversion",
+ "serde",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "parity-scale-codec-derive"
+version = "3.7.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "34b4653168b563151153c9e4c08ebed57fb8262bebfa79711552fa983c623e7a"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro-crate",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "paste"
 version = "1.0.15"
@@ -1881,6 +2340,16 @@ version = "2.3.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9b4f627cb1b25917193a259e49bdad08f671f8d9708acfd5fe0a8c1455d87220"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pest"
+version = "2.8.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e0848c601009d37dfa3430c4666e147e49cdcf1b92ecd3e63657d8a5f19da662"
+dependencies = [
+ "memchr",
+ "ucd-trie",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pin-project-lite"
 version = "0.2.17"
@@ -1954,13 +2423,24 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "primitive-types"
+version = "0.12.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0b34d9fd68ae0b74a41b21c03c2f62847aa0ffea044eee893b4c140b37e244e2"
+dependencies = [
+ "fixed-hash",
+ "impl-codec",
+ "uint",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro-crate"
 version = "3.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e67ba7e9b2b56446f1d419b1d807906278ffa1a658a8a5d8a39dcb1f5a78614f"
 dependencies = [
- "toml_edit 0.25.11+spec-1.1.0",
+ "toml_edit 0.25.12+spec-1.1.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1990,11 +2470,16 @@ version = "1.11.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4b45fcc2344c680f5025fe57779faef368840d0bd1f42f216291f0dc4ace4744"
 dependencies = [
+ "bit-set",
+ "bit-vec",
  "bitflags 2.11.1",
  "num-traits",
  "rand 0.9.4",
  "rand_chacha 0.9.0",
  "rand_xorshift",
+ "regex-syntax",
+ "rusty-fork",
+ "tempfile",
  "unarray",
 ]
 
@@ -2021,6 +2506,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "quick-error"
+version = "1.2.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a1d01941d82fa2ab50be1e79e6714289dd7cde78eba4c074bc5a4374f650dfe0"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "quinn"
 version = "0.11.9"
@@ -2097,12 +2588,19 @@ version = "6.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f8dcc9c7d52a811697d2151c701e0d08956f92b0e24136cf4cf27b57a6a0d9bf"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "radium"
+version = "0.7.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dc33ff2d4973d518d823d61aa239014831e521c75da58e3df4840d3f47749d09"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rand"
 version = "0.8.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5ca0ecfa931c29007047d1bc58e623ab12e5590e8c7cc53200d5202b69266d8a"
 dependencies = [
+ "libc",
  "rand_chacha 0.3.1",
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
 ]
@@ -2164,6 +2662,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "rand_core 0.9.5",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rapidhash"
+version = "4.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b5e48930979c155e2f33aa36ab3119b5ee81332beb6482199a8ecd6029b80b59"
+dependencies = [
+ "rustversion",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "redox_users"
 version = "0.5.2"
@@ -2307,7 +2814,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "risc0-zkp",
  "risc0-zkvm-platform",
  "ruint",
- "semver",
+ "semver 1.0.28",
  "serde",
  "tracing",
 ]
@@ -2329,7 +2836,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "risc0-zkp",
  "risc0-zkvm-platform",
  "rzup",
- "semver",
+ "semver 1.0.28",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "stability",
@@ -2404,9 +2911,9 @@ dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "ark-bn254",
  "ark-ec",
- "ark-ff",
+ "ark-ff 0.5.0",
  "ark-groth16",
- "ark-serialize",
+ "ark-serialize 0.5.0",
  "bytemuck",
  "hex",
  "num-bigint",
@@ -2438,7 +2945,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "borsh",
  "bytemuck",
  "cfg-if",
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
  "hex",
  "hex-literal",
  "metal",
@@ -2480,7 +2987,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "risc0-zkvm-platform",
  "rrs-lib",
  "rzup",
- "semver",
+ "semver 1.0.28",
  "serde",
  "sha2",
  "stability",
@@ -2504,6 +3011,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "stability",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rlp"
+version = "0.5.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bb919243f34364b6bd2fc10ef797edbfa75f33c252e7998527479c6d6b47e1ec"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytes",
+ "rustc-hex",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rrs-lib"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -2521,7 +3038,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b8573f03f5883dcaebdfcf4725caa1ecb9c15b2ef50c43a07b816e06799bb12d"
 dependencies = [
  "const-oid",
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
  "num-bigint-dig",
  "num-integer",
  "num-traits",
@@ -2536,14 +3053,27 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ruint"
-version = "1.18.0"
+version = "1.17.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0298da754d1395046b0afdc2f20ee76d29a8ae310cd30ffa84ed42acba9cb12a"
+checksum = "a68df0380e5c9d20ce49534f292a36a7514ae21350726efe1865bdb1fa91d278"
 dependencies = [
+ "alloy-rlp",
+ "ark-ff 0.3.0",
+ "ark-ff 0.4.2",
+ "ark-ff 0.5.0",
  "borsh",
+ "bytes",
+ "fastrlp 0.3.1",
+ "fastrlp 0.4.0",
+ "num-bigint",
+ "num-integer",
+ "num-traits",
+ "parity-scale-codec",
+ "primitive-types",
  "proptest",
  "rand 0.8.6",
  "rand 0.9.4",
+ "rlp",
  "ruint-macro",
  "serde_core",
  "valuable",
@@ -2562,13 +3092,28 @@ version = "2.1.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "94300abf3f1ae2e2b8ffb7b58043de3d399c73fa6f4b73826402a5c457614dbe"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rustc-hex"
+version = "2.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3e75f6a532d0fd9f7f13144f392b6ad56a32696bfcd9c78f797f16bbb6f072d6"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rustc_version"
+version = "0.3.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f0dfe2087c51c460008730de8b57e6a320782fbfb312e1f4d520e6c6fae155ee"
+dependencies = [
+ "semver 0.11.0",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rustc_version"
 version = "0.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "cfcb3a22ef46e85b45de6ee7e79d063319ebb6594faafcf1c225ea92ab6e9b92"
 dependencies = [
- "semver",
+ "semver 1.0.28",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2581,7 +3126,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "errno",
  "libc",
  "linux-raw-sys",
- "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2625,6 +3170,18 @@ version = "1.0.22"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b39cdef0fa800fc44525c84ccb54a029961a8215f9619753635a9c0d2538d46d"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rusty-fork"
+version = "0.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cc6bf79ff24e648f6da1f8d1f011e9cac26491b619e6b9280f2b47f1774e6ee2"
+dependencies = [
+ "fnv",
+ "quick-error",
+ "tempfile",
+ "wait-timeout",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ryu"
 version = "1.0.23"
@@ -2639,7 +3196,7 @@ checksum = "5d2aed296f203fa64bcb4b52069356dd86d6ec578593985b919b6995bee1f0ae"
 dependencies = [
  "hex",
  "rsa",
- "semver",
+ "semver 1.0.28",
  "serde",
  "serde_with",
  "sha2",
@@ -2689,6 +3246,35 @@ dependencies = [
  "zeroize",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "secp256k1"
+version = "0.31.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2c3c81b43dc2d8877c216a3fccf76677ee1ebccd429566d3e67447290d0c42b2"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitcoin_hashes",
+ "rand 0.9.4",
+ "secp256k1-sys",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "secp256k1-sys"
+version = "0.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dcb913707158fadaf0d8702c2db0e857de66eb003ccfdda5924b5f5ac98efb38"
+dependencies = [
+ "cc",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "semver"
+version = "0.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f301af10236f6df4160f7c3f04eec6dbc70ace82d23326abad5edee88801c6b6"
+dependencies = [
+ "semver-parser",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "semver"
 version = "1.0.28"
@@ -2699,6 +3285,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde_core",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "semver-parser"
+version = "0.10.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9900206b54a3527fdc7b8a938bffd94a568bac4f4aa8113b209df75a09c0dec2"
+dependencies = [
+ "pest",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "serde"
 version = "1.0.228"
@@ -2813,7 +3408,27 @@ checksum = "a7507d819769d01a365ab707794a4084392c824f54a7a6a7862f8c3d0892b283"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "cpufeatures 0.2.17",
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sha3"
+version = "0.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "be176f1a57ce4e3d31c1a166222d9768de5954f811601fb7ca06fc8203905ce1"
+dependencies = [
+ "digest 0.11.3",
+ "keccak 0.2.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sha3-asm"
+version = "0.1.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9f3f15d4e239ebe08413eed880e0f9b5af4b40ee0472543320efa91d488e96a7"
+dependencies = [
+ "cc",
+ "cfg-if",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2828,7 +3443,7 @@ version = "2.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "77549399552de45a898a580c1b41d445bf730df867cc44e6c0233bbc4b8329de"
 dependencies = [
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
 ]
 
@@ -2851,7 +3466,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "3a766e1110788c36f4fa1c2b71b387a7815aa65f88ce0229841826633d93723e"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
- "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+ "windows-sys 0.60.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2926,6 +3541,12 @@ version = "1.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6ce2be8dc25455e1f91df71bfa12ad37d7af1092ae736f3a6cd0e37bc7810596"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "static_assertions"
+version = "1.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a2eb9349b6444b326872e140eb1cf5e7c522154d69e7a0ffb0fb81c06b37543f"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "strsim"
 version = "0.11.1"
@@ -3001,6 +3622,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "tap"
+version = "1.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "55937e1799185b12863d447f42597ed69d9928686b8d88a1df17376a097d8369"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "tempfile"
 version = "3.27.0"
@@ -3011,7 +3638,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "getrandom 0.4.2",
  "once_cell",
  "rustix",
- "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3193,9 +3820,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "toml_edit"
-version = "0.25.11+spec-1.1.0"
+version = "0.25.12+spec-1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0b59c4d22ed448339746c59b905d24568fcbb3ab65a500494f7b8c3e97739f2b"
+checksum = "d2153edc6955a6c354fad8f5efd38b6a8769bdccf9fe50f8e1329f81b0baa5d7"
 dependencies = [
  "indexmap 2.14.0",
  "toml_datetime 1.1.1+spec-1.1.0",
@@ -3316,6 +3943,7 @@ name = "twap-oracle-guest"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
  "borsh",
+ "clock_core",
  "nssa_core",
  "risc0-zkvm",
  "serde",
@@ -3328,16 +3956,21 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "twap_oracle_core"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
+ "alloy-primitives",
  "borsh",
  "nssa_core",
+ "risc0-zkvm",
+ "ruint",
  "serde",
  "spel-framework-macros",
+ "uniswap_v3_math",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "twap_oracle_program"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
+ "clock_core",
  "nssa_core",
  "twap_oracle_core",
 ]
@@ -3348,6 +3981,24 @@ version = "1.20.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "40ce102ab67701b8526c123c1bab5cbe42d7040ccfd0f64af1a385808d2f43de"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ucd-trie"
+version = "0.1.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2896d95c02a80c6d6a5d6e953d479f5ddf2dfdb6a244441010e373ac0fb88971"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "uint"
+version = "0.9.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "76f64bba2c53b04fcab63c01a7d7427eadc821e3bc48c34dc9ba29c501164b52"
+dependencies = [
+ "byteorder",
+ "crunchy",
+ "hex",
+ "static_assertions",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "unarray"
 version = "0.1.4"
@@ -3360,12 +4011,29 @@ version = "1.0.24"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e6e4313cd5fcd3dad5cafa179702e2b244f760991f45397d14d4ebf38247da75"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-segmentation"
+version = "1.13.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c6f5d3c3b1bf09027a88a6bc961fc00497d651009560b5463668dc81b0fa87a8"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-xid"
 version = "0.2.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ebc1c04c71510c7f702b52b7c350734c9ff1295c464a03335b00bb84fc54f853"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "uniswap_v3_math"
+version = "0.6.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e393498a831893ce69ed6e1d06615e400bd1e8f97e9fcd113324f2d610fe6d45"
+dependencies = [
+ "alloy-primitives",
+ "eyre",
+ "thiserror 2.0.18",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "untrusted"
 version = "0.9.0"
@@ -3402,6 +4070,15 @@ version = "0.9.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0b928f33d975fc6ad9f86c8f283853ad26bdd5b10b7f1542aa2fa15e2289105a"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "wait-timeout"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "09ac3b126d3914f9849036f826e054cbabdc8519970b8998ddaf3b5bd3c65f11"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "want"
 version = "0.3.1"
@@ -3534,7 +4211,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "bitflags 2.11.1",
  "hashbrown 0.15.5",
  "indexmap 2.14.0",
- "semver",
+ "semver 1.0.28",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3885,7 +4562,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "id-arena",
  "indexmap 2.14.0",
  "log",
- "semver",
+ "semver 1.0.28",
  "serde",
  "serde_derive",
  "serde_json",
@@ -3899,6 +4576,15 @@ version = "0.6.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1ffae5123b2d3fc086436f8834ae3ab053a283cfac8fe0a0b8eaae044768a4c4"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "wyz"
+version = "0.5.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "05f360fc0b24296329c78fda852a1e9ae82de9cf7b27dae4b7f62f118f77b9ed"
+dependencies = [
+ "tap",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "yaml-rust2"
 version = "0.10.4"
@@ -3935,18 +4621,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zerocopy"
-version = "0.8.48"
+version = "0.8.49"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "eed437bf9d6692032087e337407a86f04cd8d6a16a37199ed57949d415bd68e9"
+checksum = "bce33a6288fa3f072a8c2c7d0f2fdbb90e28298f0135c1f99b96c3db2efcc60b"
 dependencies = [
  "zerocopy-derive",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zerocopy-derive"
-version = "0.8.48"
+version = "0.8.49"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "70e3cd084b1788766f53af483dd21f93881ff30d7320490ec3ef7526d203bad4"
+checksum = "8fd425244944f4ab65ccff928e7323354c5a018c75838362fdce749dfad2ee1e"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
diff --git a/programs/twap_oracle/methods/guest/Cargo.toml b/programs/twap_oracle/methods/guest/Cargo.toml
index 440368d..06f7c97 100644
--- a/programs/twap_oracle/methods/guest/Cargo.toml
+++ b/programs/twap_oracle/methods/guest/Cargo.toml
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ path = "src/bin/twap_oracle.rs"
 [dependencies]
 spel-framework = { git = "https://github.com/logos-co/spel.git", tag = "v0.3.0", package = "spel-framework" }
 nssa_core = { git = "https://github.com/logos-blockchain/logos-execution-zone.git", tag = "v0.2.0-rc3" }
+clock_core = { git = "https://github.com/logos-blockchain/logos-execution-zone.git", tag = "v0.2.0-rc3" }
 risc0-zkvm = { version = "=3.0.5", default-features = false }
 twap_oracle_core = { path = "../../core" }
 twap_oracle_program = { path = "../..", package = "twap_oracle_program" }
diff --git a/programs/twap_oracle/methods/guest/src/bin/twap_oracle.rs b/programs/twap_oracle/methods/guest/src/bin/twap_oracle.rs
index 1deb385..4c7075e 100644
--- a/programs/twap_oracle/methods/guest/src/bin/twap_oracle.rs
+++ b/programs/twap_oracle/methods/guest/src/bin/twap_oracle.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #![cfg_attr(not(test), no_main)]
 
+use nssa_core::account::{AccountId, AccountWithMetadata};
+use spel_framework::context::ProgramContext;
 use spel_framework::prelude::*;
 
 #[cfg(not(test))]
@@ -10,9 +12,162 @@ mod twap_oracle {
     #[allow(unused_imports)]
     use super::*;
 
-    /// No-op instruction. Does nothing and returns no state changes.
+    /// Creates and initialises a price observations account for a price source and time window.
+    ///
+    /// Expected accounts:
+    /// 1. `price_observations` — uninitialized PDA owned by this oracle program.
+    /// 2. `price_source` — account the caller controls (proven via `is_authorized = true`);
+    ///    its ID is used as the observations identifier and to derive the price observations PDA.
+    /// 3. `clock` — read-only LEZ clock account (any cadence).
     #[instruction]
-    pub fn noop() -> SpelResult {
-        Ok(spel_framework::SpelOutput::execute(twap_oracle_program::noop::noop(), vec![]))
+    pub fn create_price_observations(
+        ctx: ProgramContext,
+        price_observations: AccountWithMetadata,
+        price_source: AccountWithMetadata,
+        clock: AccountWithMetadata,
+        initial_tick: i32,
+        window_duration: u64,
+    ) -> SpelResult {
+        let post_states =
+            twap_oracle_program::create_price_observations::create_price_observations(
+                price_observations,
+                price_source,
+                clock,
+                initial_tick,
+                window_duration,
+                ctx.self_program_id,
+            );
+        Ok(spel_framework::SpelOutput::execute(post_states, vec![]))
+    }
+
+    /// Creates and initialises a canonical oracle price account for a price source and time
+    /// window.
+    ///
+    /// Expected accounts:
+    /// 1. `oracle_price_account` — uninitialized PDA owned by this oracle program.
+    /// 2. `price_source` — account the caller controls (proven via `is_authorized = true`);
+    ///    its ID ties this price account to the same source as the corresponding
+    ///    `PriceObservations` account for the same window.
+    #[instruction]
+    pub fn create_oracle_price_account(
+        ctx: ProgramContext,
+        oracle_price_account: AccountWithMetadata,
+        price_source: AccountWithMetadata,
+        base_asset: AccountId,
+        quote_asset: AccountId,
+        window_duration: u64,
+    ) -> SpelResult {
+        let post_states =
+            twap_oracle_program::create_oracle_price_account::create_oracle_price_account(
+                oracle_price_account,
+                price_source,
+                base_asset,
+                quote_asset,
+                window_duration,
+                ctx.self_program_id,
+            );
+        Ok(spel_framework::SpelOutput::execute(post_states, vec![]))
+    }
+
+    /// Creates and initialises a current tick account for a price source.
+    ///
+    /// Expected accounts:
+    /// 1. `current_tick_account` — uninitialized PDA owned by this oracle program.
+    /// 2. `price_source` — account the caller controls (proven via `is_authorized = true`).
+    /// 3. `clock` — read-only LEZ clock account.
+    #[instruction]
+    pub fn create_current_tick_account(
+        ctx: ProgramContext,
+        current_tick_account: AccountWithMetadata,
+        price_source: AccountWithMetadata,
+        clock: AccountWithMetadata,
+        initial_tick: i32,
+    ) -> SpelResult {
+        let post_states =
+            twap_oracle_program::create_current_tick_account::create_current_tick_account(
+                current_tick_account,
+                price_source,
+                clock,
+                initial_tick,
+                ctx.self_program_id,
+            );
+        Ok(spel_framework::SpelOutput::execute(post_states, vec![]))
+    }
+
+    /// Computes the TWAP from the price observations ring buffer and writes it to the price
+    /// account.
+    ///
+    /// Expected accounts:
+    /// 1. `price_observations` — initialized PDA owned by this oracle program.
+    /// 2. `oracle_price_account` — initialized PDA owned by this oracle program.
+    /// 3. `clock` — read-only LEZ clock account.
+    #[instruction]
+    pub fn publish_price(
+        ctx: ProgramContext,
+        price_observations: AccountWithMetadata,
+        oracle_price_account: AccountWithMetadata,
+        clock: AccountWithMetadata,
+        price_source_id: AccountId,
+        window_duration: u64,
+    ) -> SpelResult {
+        let post_states = twap_oracle_program::publish_price::publish_price(
+            price_observations,
+            oracle_price_account,
+            clock,
+            price_source_id,
+            window_duration,
+            ctx.self_program_id,
+        );
+        Ok(spel_framework::SpelOutput::execute(post_states, vec![]))
+    }
+
+    /// Records the current tick into a price observations ring buffer.
+    ///
+    /// Expected accounts:
+    /// 1. `price_observations` — initialized PDA owned by this oracle program.
+    /// 2. `current_tick_account` — initialized PDA owned by this oracle program.
+    /// 3. `clock` — read-only LEZ clock account.
+    #[instruction]
+    pub fn record_tick(
+        ctx: ProgramContext,
+        price_observations: AccountWithMetadata,
+        current_tick_account: AccountWithMetadata,
+        clock: AccountWithMetadata,
+        price_source_id: AccountId,
+        window_duration: u64,
+    ) -> SpelResult {
+        let post_states = twap_oracle_program::record_tick::record_tick(
+            price_observations,
+            current_tick_account,
+            clock,
+            price_source_id,
+            window_duration,
+            ctx.self_program_id,
+        );
+        Ok(spel_framework::SpelOutput::execute(post_states, vec![]))
+    }
+
+    /// Updates the tick stored in an existing current tick account.
+    ///
+    /// Expected accounts:
+    /// 1. `current_tick_account` — initialized PDA owned by this oracle program.
+    /// 2. `price_source` — account the caller controls (proven via `is_authorized = true`).
+    /// 3. `clock` — read-only LEZ clock account.
+    #[instruction]
+    pub fn update_current_tick(
+        ctx: ProgramContext,
+        current_tick_account: AccountWithMetadata,
+        price_source: AccountWithMetadata,
+        clock: AccountWithMetadata,
+        tick: i32,
+    ) -> SpelResult {
+        let post_states = twap_oracle_program::update_current_tick::update_current_tick(
+            current_tick_account,
+            price_source,
+            clock,
+            tick,
+            ctx.self_program_id,
+        );
+        Ok(spel_framework::SpelOutput::execute(post_states, vec![]))
     }
 }
diff --git a/programs/twap_oracle/src/create_current_tick_account.rs b/programs/twap_oracle/src/create_current_tick_account.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38fa73c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/programs/twap_oracle/src/create_current_tick_account.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+use clock_core::ClockAccountData;
+use nssa_core::{
+    account::{Account, AccountWithMetadata, Data},
+    program::{AccountPostState, Claim, ProgramId},
+};
+use twap_oracle_core::{
+    compute_current_tick_account_pda, compute_current_tick_account_pda_seed, CurrentTickAccount,
+};
+
+/// Creates and initialises a [`CurrentTickAccount`] for a price source.
+///
+/// Authorization is implicit in the PDA relationship: the current tick account is derived from
+/// `price_source.account_id`, so whoever controls the price source controls this account.
+///
+/// # Panics
+/// Panics if:
+/// - `current_tick_account.account_id` does not match
+///   `compute_current_tick_account_pda(oracle_program_id, price_source.account_id)`.
+/// - `current_tick_account.account` is not the default (already initialised).
+/// - `price_source.is_authorized` is false.
+pub fn create_current_tick_account(
+    current_tick_account: AccountWithMetadata,
+    price_source: AccountWithMetadata,
+    clock: AccountWithMetadata,
+    initial_tick: i32,
+    oracle_program_id: ProgramId,
+) -> Vec<AccountPostState> {
+    let price_source_id = price_source.account_id;
+    assert_eq!(
+        current_tick_account.account_id,
+        compute_current_tick_account_pda(oracle_program_id, price_source_id),
+        "CreateCurrentTickAccount: current tick account ID does not match expected PDA"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        current_tick_account.account,
+        Account::default(),
+        "CreateCurrentTickAccount: current tick account must be uninitialized"
+    );
+    assert!(
+        price_source.is_authorized,
+        "CreateCurrentTickAccount: price source account must be authorized"
+    );
+
+    let clock_data = ClockAccountData::from_bytes(clock.account.data.as_ref());
+
+    let account = CurrentTickAccount {
+        tick: initial_tick,
+        last_updated: clock_data.timestamp,
+    };
+
+    let mut current_tick_account_post = current_tick_account.account.clone();
+    current_tick_account_post.data = Data::from(&account);
+
+    vec![
+        AccountPostState::new_claimed(
+            current_tick_account_post,
+            Claim::Pda(compute_current_tick_account_pda_seed(price_source_id)),
+        ),
+        AccountPostState::new(price_source.account.clone()),
+        AccountPostState::new(clock.account.clone()),
+    ]
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use nssa_core::account::{AccountId, Nonce};
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    const ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID: ProgramId = [77u32; 8];
+    const CLOCK_PROGRAM_ID: ProgramId = [88u32; 8];
+
+    fn price_source_id() -> AccountId {
+        AccountId::new([1u8; 32])
+    }
+
+    fn clock_account_with_timestamp(timestamp: u64) -> AccountWithMetadata {
+        let data = ClockAccountData {
+            block_id: 0,
+            timestamp,
+        }
+        .to_bytes();
+        AccountWithMetadata {
+            account: Account {
+                program_owner: CLOCK_PROGRAM_ID,
+                balance: 0,
+                data: Data::try_from(data).expect("ClockAccountData fits in Data"),
+                nonce: Nonce(0),
+            },
+            is_authorized: false,
+            account_id: AccountId::new([99u8; 32]),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn price_source_authorized() -> AccountWithMetadata {
+        AccountWithMetadata {
+            account: Account {
+                program_owner: [42u32; 8],
+                balance: 0,
+                data: Data::default(),
+                nonce: Nonce(0),
+            },
+            is_authorized: true,
+            account_id: price_source_id(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn current_tick_account_uninit() -> AccountWithMetadata {
+        AccountWithMetadata {
+            account: Account::default(),
+            is_authorized: false,
+            account_id: compute_current_tick_account_pda(ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID, price_source_id()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ── happy path ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[test]
+    fn returns_three_post_states() {
+        let post_states = create_current_tick_account(
+            current_tick_account_uninit(),
+            price_source_authorized(),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(0),
+            0,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        assert_eq!(post_states.len(), 3);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn current_tick_account_post_state_is_pda_claimed() {
+        let post_states = create_current_tick_account(
+            current_tick_account_uninit(),
+            price_source_authorized(),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(0),
+            0,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            post_states[0].required_claim(),
+            Some(Claim::Pda(compute_current_tick_account_pda_seed(
+                price_source_id()
+            )))
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tick_and_timestamp_stored_correctly() {
+        let timestamp = 123_456_789u64;
+        let initial_tick = -42i32;
+
+        let post_states = create_current_tick_account(
+            current_tick_account_uninit(),
+            price_source_authorized(),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(timestamp),
+            initial_tick,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+
+        let account = CurrentTickAccount::try_from(&post_states[0].account().data)
+            .expect("post state must contain a valid CurrentTickAccount");
+
+        assert_eq!(account.tick, initial_tick);
+        assert_eq!(account.last_updated, timestamp);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn positive_and_negative_initial_ticks_stored_correctly() {
+        for tick in [i32::MIN, -1, 0, 1, i32::MAX] {
+            let post_states = create_current_tick_account(
+                current_tick_account_uninit(),
+                price_source_authorized(),
+                clock_account_with_timestamp(0),
+                tick,
+                ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+            );
+            let account = CurrentTickAccount::try_from(&post_states[0].account().data)
+                .expect("post state must contain a valid CurrentTickAccount");
+            assert_eq!(account.tick, tick);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn price_source_and_clock_post_states_are_unchanged() {
+        let price_source = price_source_authorized();
+        let clock = clock_account_with_timestamp(42_000);
+
+        let post_states = create_current_tick_account(
+            current_tick_account_uninit(),
+            price_source.clone(),
+            clock.clone(),
+            0,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(*post_states[1].account(), price_source.account);
+        assert_eq!(*post_states[2].account(), clock.account);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn different_price_sources_produce_distinct_pdas() {
+        let other_source_id = AccountId::new([2u8; 32]);
+        assert_ne!(
+            compute_current_tick_account_pda(ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID, price_source_id()),
+            compute_current_tick_account_pda(ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID, other_source_id),
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn current_tick_account_pda_differs_from_price_observations_pda() {
+        use twap_oracle_core::compute_price_observations_pda;
+        let window = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1_000u64;
+        assert_ne!(
+            compute_current_tick_account_pda(ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID, price_source_id()),
+            compute_price_observations_pda(ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID, price_source_id(), window),
+        );
+    }
+
+    // ── precondition violations ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic(expected = "current tick account ID does not match expected PDA")]
+    fn wrong_account_id_panics() {
+        let mut wrong = current_tick_account_uninit();
+        wrong.account_id = AccountId::new([0u8; 32]);
+        create_current_tick_account(
+            wrong,
+            price_source_authorized(),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(0),
+            0,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic(expected = "current tick account must be uninitialized")]
+    fn already_initialized_account_panics() {
+        let mut initialized = current_tick_account_uninit();
+        initialized.account.data = Data::try_from(vec![1u8; 10]).expect("fits in Data");
+        create_current_tick_account(
+            initialized,
+            price_source_authorized(),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(0),
+            0,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic(expected = "price source account must be authorized")]
+    fn unauthorized_price_source_panics() {
+        let mut unauthorized = price_source_authorized();
+        unauthorized.is_authorized = false;
+        create_current_tick_account(
+            current_tick_account_uninit(),
+            unauthorized,
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(0),
+            0,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+    }
+
+    /// An attacker who controls their own price source cannot register a current tick account
+    /// that claims to be derived from a different (victim's) price source.
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic(expected = "current tick account ID does not match expected PDA")]
+    fn cannot_register_for_another_price_source() {
+        let victim_source_id = AccountId::new([2u8; 32]);
+        let victim_pda = compute_current_tick_account_pda(ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID, victim_source_id);
+        let mut attacker_account = current_tick_account_uninit();
+        attacker_account.account_id = victim_pda;
+        create_current_tick_account(
+            attacker_account,
+            price_source_authorized(),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(0),
+            0,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/programs/twap_oracle/src/create_oracle_price_account.rs b/programs/twap_oracle/src/create_oracle_price_account.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75b4efb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/programs/twap_oracle/src/create_oracle_price_account.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
+use nssa_core::{
+    account::{Account, AccountId, AccountWithMetadata, Data},
+    program::{AccountPostState, Claim, ProgramId},
+};
+use twap_oracle_core::{
+    compute_oracle_price_account_pda, compute_oracle_price_account_pda_seed, OraclePriceAccount,
+};
+
+/// Creates and initialises an [`OraclePriceAccount`] for a price source account and time window.
+///
+/// The account is initialised with `price = 0`, `timestamp = 0`, and `confidence_interval = 0`.
+/// These are populated later by a `PublishPrice` instruction. Consumers must reject accounts
+/// whose `timestamp` is zero or stale.
+///
+/// Authorization is implicit in the PDA relationship: the oracle price account is derived from
+/// `price_source.account_id` and `window_duration`, so whoever controls the price source
+/// controls this account.
+///
+/// # Panics
+/// Panics if:
+/// - `oracle_price_account.account_id` does not match
+///   `compute_oracle_price_account_pda(oracle_program_id, price_source.account_id,
+///   window_duration)`.
+/// - `oracle_price_account.account` is not the default (already initialised).
+/// - `price_source.is_authorized` is false (caller does not control the price source account).
+pub fn create_oracle_price_account(
+    oracle_price_account: AccountWithMetadata,
+    price_source: AccountWithMetadata,
+    base_asset: AccountId,
+    quote_asset: AccountId,
+    window_duration: u64,
+    oracle_program_id: ProgramId,
+) -> Vec<AccountPostState> {
+    let price_source_id = price_source.account_id;
+    assert_eq!(
+        oracle_price_account.account_id,
+        compute_oracle_price_account_pda(oracle_program_id, price_source_id, window_duration),
+        "CreateOraclePriceAccount: oracle price account ID does not match expected PDA"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        oracle_price_account.account,
+        Account::default(),
+        "CreateOraclePriceAccount: oracle price account must be uninitialized"
+    );
+    assert!(
+        price_source.is_authorized,
+        "CreateOraclePriceAccount: price source account must be authorized (caller must control it via a PDA)"
+    );
+
+    let account = OraclePriceAccount {
+        base_asset,
+        quote_asset,
+        price: 0,
+        timestamp: 0,
+        source_id: price_source_id,
+        confidence_interval: 0,
+    };
+
+    let mut oracle_price_account_post = oracle_price_account.account.clone();
+    oracle_price_account_post.data = Data::from(&account);
+
+    vec![
+        AccountPostState::new_claimed(
+            oracle_price_account_post,
+            Claim::Pda(compute_oracle_price_account_pda_seed(
+                price_source_id,
+                window_duration,
+            )),
+        ),
+        AccountPostState::new(price_source.account.clone()),
+    ]
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use nssa_core::account::Nonce;
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    const ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID: ProgramId = [77u32; 8];
+    /// 24-hour window in milliseconds.
+    const WINDOW_24H: u64 = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1_000;
+
+    fn price_source_id() -> AccountId {
+        AccountId::new([1u8; 32])
+    }
+
+    fn base_asset() -> AccountId {
+        AccountId::new([10u8; 32])
+    }
+
+    fn quote_asset() -> AccountId {
+        AccountId::new([11u8; 32])
+    }
+
+    fn price_source_authorized() -> AccountWithMetadata {
+        AccountWithMetadata {
+            account: Account {
+                program_owner: [42u32; 8],
+                balance: 0,
+                data: Data::default(),
+                nonce: Nonce(0),
+            },
+            is_authorized: true,
+            account_id: price_source_id(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn oracle_price_account_uninit() -> AccountWithMetadata {
+        AccountWithMetadata {
+            account: Account::default(),
+            is_authorized: false,
+            account_id: compute_oracle_price_account_pda(
+                ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+                price_source_id(),
+                WINDOW_24H,
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ── happy path ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[test]
+    fn returns_two_post_states() {
+        let post_states = create_oracle_price_account(
+            oracle_price_account_uninit(),
+            price_source_authorized(),
+            base_asset(),
+            quote_asset(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        assert_eq!(post_states.len(), 2);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn oracle_price_account_post_state_is_pda_claimed() {
+        let post_states = create_oracle_price_account(
+            oracle_price_account_uninit(),
+            price_source_authorized(),
+            base_asset(),
+            quote_asset(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            post_states[0].required_claim(),
+            Some(Claim::Pda(compute_oracle_price_account_pda_seed(
+                price_source_id(),
+                WINDOW_24H,
+            )))
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn price_source_post_state_is_unchanged() {
+        let price_source = price_source_authorized();
+        let post_states = create_oracle_price_account(
+            oracle_price_account_uninit(),
+            price_source.clone(),
+            base_asset(),
+            quote_asset(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        assert_eq!(*post_states[1].account(), price_source.account);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn account_initialised_with_zero_price_and_timestamp() {
+        let post_states = create_oracle_price_account(
+            oracle_price_account_uninit(),
+            price_source_authorized(),
+            base_asset(),
+            quote_asset(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        let account = OraclePriceAccount::try_from(&post_states[0].account().data)
+            .expect("post state must contain a valid OraclePriceAccount");
+        assert_eq!(account.price, 0);
+        assert_eq!(account.timestamp, 0);
+        assert_eq!(account.confidence_interval, 0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn assets_and_source_id_stored_correctly() {
+        let post_states = create_oracle_price_account(
+            oracle_price_account_uninit(),
+            price_source_authorized(),
+            base_asset(),
+            quote_asset(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        let account = OraclePriceAccount::try_from(&post_states[0].account().data)
+            .expect("post state must contain a valid OraclePriceAccount");
+        assert_eq!(account.base_asset, base_asset());
+        assert_eq!(account.quote_asset, quote_asset());
+        assert_eq!(account.source_id, price_source_id());
+    }
+
+    /// `source_id` must always equal the price source's `account_id`, regardless of which
+    /// price source is used. This test uses a distinct source ID to make the invariant explicit.
+    #[test]
+    fn source_id_equals_price_source_account_id() {
+        let other_source_id = AccountId::new([99u8; 32]);
+        let other_source = AccountWithMetadata {
+            account: Account {
+                program_owner: [42u32; 8],
+                balance: 0,
+                data: Data::default(),
+                nonce: Nonce(0),
+            },
+            is_authorized: true,
+            account_id: other_source_id,
+        };
+        let other_price_account = AccountWithMetadata {
+            account: Account::default(),
+            is_authorized: false,
+            account_id: compute_oracle_price_account_pda(
+                ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+                other_source_id,
+                WINDOW_24H,
+            ),
+        };
+        let post_states = create_oracle_price_account(
+            other_price_account,
+            other_source,
+            base_asset(),
+            quote_asset(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        let account = OraclePriceAccount::try_from(&post_states[0].account().data)
+            .expect("post state must contain a valid OraclePriceAccount");
+        assert_eq!(account.source_id, other_source_id);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn different_price_sources_produce_distinct_pdas() {
+        let other_source_id = AccountId::new([2u8; 32]);
+        assert_ne!(
+            compute_oracle_price_account_pda(ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID, price_source_id(), WINDOW_24H),
+            compute_oracle_price_account_pda(ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID, other_source_id, WINDOW_24H),
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn different_windows_produce_distinct_pdas() {
+        let window_7d = 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1_000u64;
+        assert_ne!(
+            compute_oracle_price_account_pda(ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID, price_source_id(), WINDOW_24H),
+            compute_oracle_price_account_pda(ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID, price_source_id(), window_7d),
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn oracle_price_account_pda_differs_from_price_observations_pda() {
+        use twap_oracle_core::compute_price_observations_pda;
+        assert_ne!(
+            compute_oracle_price_account_pda(ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID, price_source_id(), WINDOW_24H),
+            compute_price_observations_pda(ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID, price_source_id(), WINDOW_24H),
+        );
+    }
+
+    /// A plain wallet account (no program owner, no data) can act as the price source just as
+    /// well as a program-owned PDA. Authorization is conveyed via `is_authorized = true`
+    /// regardless of account type.
+    #[test]
+    fn wallet_account_as_price_source_works() {
+        let wallet_id = AccountId::new([55u8; 32]);
+        let wallet = AccountWithMetadata {
+            account: Account {
+                program_owner: [0u32; 8],
+                balance: 1_000,
+                data: Data::default(),
+                nonce: Nonce(0),
+            },
+            is_authorized: true,
+            account_id: wallet_id,
+        };
+        let price_account = AccountWithMetadata {
+            account: Account::default(),
+            is_authorized: false,
+            account_id: compute_oracle_price_account_pda(ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID, wallet_id, WINDOW_24H),
+        };
+        let post_states = create_oracle_price_account(
+            price_account,
+            wallet,
+            base_asset(),
+            quote_asset(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        let account = OraclePriceAccount::try_from(&post_states[0].account().data)
+            .expect("post state must contain a valid OraclePriceAccount");
+        assert_eq!(account.source_id, wallet_id);
+        assert_eq!(account.base_asset, base_asset());
+        assert_eq!(account.quote_asset, quote_asset());
+    }
+
+    // ── precondition violations ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic(expected = "oracle price account ID does not match expected PDA")]
+    fn wrong_oracle_price_account_id_panics() {
+        let mut wrong = oracle_price_account_uninit();
+        wrong.account_id = AccountId::new([0u8; 32]);
+        create_oracle_price_account(
+            wrong,
+            price_source_authorized(),
+            base_asset(),
+            quote_asset(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic(expected = "oracle price account must be uninitialized")]
+    fn already_initialized_oracle_price_account_panics() {
+        let mut initialized = oracle_price_account_uninit();
+        initialized.account.data = Data::try_from(vec![1u8; 10]).expect("fits in Data");
+        create_oracle_price_account(
+            initialized,
+            price_source_authorized(),
+            base_asset(),
+            quote_asset(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic(expected = "price source account must be authorized")]
+    fn unauthorized_price_source_panics() {
+        let mut unauthorized = price_source_authorized();
+        unauthorized.is_authorized = false;
+        create_oracle_price_account(
+            oracle_price_account_uninit(),
+            unauthorized,
+            base_asset(),
+            quote_asset(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+    }
+
+    /// An attacker who controls their own price source cannot register an oracle price account
+    /// that claims to be derived from a different (victim's) price source.
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic(expected = "oracle price account ID does not match expected PDA")]
+    fn cannot_register_price_account_for_another_price_source() {
+        let victim_source_id = AccountId::new([2u8; 32]);
+        let victim_pda =
+            compute_oracle_price_account_pda(ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID, victim_source_id, WINDOW_24H);
+        let mut attacker_account = oracle_price_account_uninit();
+        attacker_account.account_id = victim_pda;
+        create_oracle_price_account(
+            attacker_account,
+            price_source_authorized(),
+            base_asset(),
+            quote_asset(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/programs/twap_oracle/src/create_price_observations.rs b/programs/twap_oracle/src/create_price_observations.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c94226
--- /dev/null
+++ b/programs/twap_oracle/src/create_price_observations.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,388 @@
+use clock_core::ClockAccountData;
+use nssa_core::{
+    account::{Account, AccountWithMetadata, Data},
+    program::{AccountPostState, Claim, ProgramId},
+};
+use twap_oracle_core::{
+    compute_price_observations_pda, compute_price_observations_pda_seed, ObservationEntry,
+    PriceObservations, OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY,
+};
+
+/// Creates and initialises a [`PriceObservations`] for a price source account and time window.
+///
+/// Authorization is implicit in the PDA relationship: the price observations account is derived
+/// from `price_source.account_id` and `window_duration`, so whoever controls the price source
+/// controls the observations account.
+///
+/// # Panics
+/// Panics if:
+/// - `price_observations.account_id` does not match
+///   `compute_price_observations_pda(oracle_program_id, price_source.account_id, window_duration)`.
+/// - `price_observations.account` is not the default (already initialised).
+/// - `price_source.is_authorized` is false (caller does not control the price source account).
+pub fn create_price_observations(
+    price_observations: AccountWithMetadata,
+    price_source: AccountWithMetadata,
+    clock: AccountWithMetadata,
+    initial_tick: i32,
+    window_duration: u64,
+    oracle_program_id: ProgramId,
+) -> Vec<AccountPostState> {
+    let price_source_id = price_source.account_id;
+    assert_eq!(
+        price_observations.account_id,
+        compute_price_observations_pda(oracle_program_id, price_source_id, window_duration),
+        "CreatePriceObservations: price observations account ID does not match expected PDA"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        price_observations.account,
+        Account::default(),
+        "CreatePriceObservations: price observations account must be uninitialized"
+    );
+    assert!(
+        price_source.is_authorized,
+        "CreatePriceObservations: price source account must be authorized (caller must control it via a PDA)"
+    );
+
+    let clock_data = ClockAccountData::from_bytes(clock.account.data.as_ref());
+
+    let capacity =
+        usize::try_from(OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY).expect("OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY fits in usize");
+    let mut entries = vec![ObservationEntry::default(); capacity];
+    *entries
+        .first_mut()
+        .expect("OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY is non-zero") = ObservationEntry {
+        timestamp: clock_data.timestamp,
+        tick_cumulative: 0,
+    };
+
+    let observations = PriceObservations {
+        price_source_id,
+        write_index: 1,
+        total_entries: 1,
+        last_recorded_tick: initial_tick,
+        entries,
+    };
+
+    let mut price_observations_post = price_observations.account.clone();
+    price_observations_post.data = Data::from(&observations);
+
+    vec![
+        AccountPostState::new_claimed(
+            price_observations_post,
+            Claim::Pda(compute_price_observations_pda_seed(
+                price_source_id,
+                window_duration,
+            )),
+        ),
+        AccountPostState::new(price_source.account.clone()),
+        AccountPostState::new(clock.account.clone()),
+    ]
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use nssa_core::account::{AccountId, Nonce};
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    const ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID: ProgramId = [77u32; 8];
+    const CLOCK_PROGRAM_ID: ProgramId = [88u32; 8];
+    /// 24-hour window in milliseconds, used as the default window for tests.
+    const WINDOW_24H: u64 = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1_000;
+
+    fn price_source_id() -> AccountId {
+        AccountId::new([1u8; 32])
+    }
+
+    fn clock_account_with_timestamp(timestamp: u64) -> AccountWithMetadata {
+        let data = ClockAccountData {
+            block_id: 0,
+            timestamp,
+        }
+        .to_bytes();
+        AccountWithMetadata {
+            account: Account {
+                program_owner: CLOCK_PROGRAM_ID,
+                balance: 0,
+                data: Data::try_from(data).expect("ClockAccountData fits in Data"),
+                nonce: Nonce(0),
+            },
+            is_authorized: false,
+            account_id: AccountId::new([99u8; 32]),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn price_source_authorized() -> AccountWithMetadata {
+        AccountWithMetadata {
+            account: Account {
+                program_owner: [42u32; 8],
+                balance: 0,
+                data: Data::default(),
+                nonce: Nonce(0),
+            },
+            is_authorized: true,
+            account_id: price_source_id(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn price_observations_uninit() -> AccountWithMetadata {
+        AccountWithMetadata {
+            account: Account::default(),
+            is_authorized: false,
+            account_id: compute_price_observations_pda(
+                ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+                price_source_id(),
+                WINDOW_24H,
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ── happy path ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[test]
+    fn returns_three_post_states() {
+        let post_states = create_price_observations(
+            price_observations_uninit(),
+            price_source_authorized(),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(0),
+            0,
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        assert_eq!(post_states.len(), 3);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn price_observations_post_state_is_pda_claimed() {
+        let post_states = create_price_observations(
+            price_observations_uninit(),
+            price_source_authorized(),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(0),
+            0,
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            post_states[0].required_claim(),
+            Some(Claim::Pda(compute_price_observations_pda_seed(
+                price_source_id(),
+                WINDOW_24H
+            )))
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn price_source_and_clock_post_states_are_unchanged() {
+        let price_source = price_source_authorized();
+        let clock = clock_account_with_timestamp(42_000);
+        let post_states = create_price_observations(
+            price_observations_uninit(),
+            price_source.clone(),
+            clock.clone(),
+            10,
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        assert_eq!(*post_states[1].account(), price_source.account);
+        assert_eq!(*post_states[2].account(), clock.account);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn initial_observation_has_zero_cumulative_and_correct_timestamp() {
+        let timestamp = 123_456_789u64;
+
+        let post_states = create_price_observations(
+            price_observations_uninit(),
+            price_source_authorized(),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(timestamp),
+            -42,
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+
+        let feed = PriceObservations::try_from(&post_states[0].account().data)
+            .expect("post state must contain a valid PriceObservations");
+
+        assert_eq!(feed.entries[0].tick_cumulative, 0);
+        assert_eq!(feed.entries[0].timestamp, timestamp);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn initial_tick_stored_as_last_recorded_tick() {
+        let initial_tick = -42i32;
+
+        let post_states = create_price_observations(
+            price_observations_uninit(),
+            price_source_authorized(),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(0),
+            initial_tick,
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+
+        let feed = PriceObservations::try_from(&post_states[0].account().data)
+            .expect("post state must contain a valid PriceObservations");
+
+        assert_eq!(feed.last_recorded_tick, initial_tick);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn write_index_and_total_entries_start_at_one() {
+        let post_states = create_price_observations(
+            price_observations_uninit(),
+            price_source_authorized(),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(0),
+            0,
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+
+        let feed = PriceObservations::try_from(&post_states[0].account().data)
+            .expect("post state must contain a valid PriceObservations");
+
+        assert_eq!(feed.write_index, 1);
+        assert_eq!(feed.total_entries, 1);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn remaining_entries_are_default() {
+        let post_states = create_price_observations(
+            price_observations_uninit(),
+            price_source_authorized(),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(0),
+            0,
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+
+        let feed = PriceObservations::try_from(&post_states[0].account().data)
+            .expect("post state must contain a valid PriceObservations");
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            feed.entries.len(),
+            usize::try_from(OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY).expect("OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY fits in usize")
+        );
+        assert!(feed.entries[1..]
+            .iter()
+            .all(|e| *e == ObservationEntry::default()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn price_source_id_stored_correctly() {
+        let post_states = create_price_observations(
+            price_observations_uninit(),
+            price_source_authorized(),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(0),
+            0,
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+
+        let feed = PriceObservations::try_from(&post_states[0].account().data)
+            .expect("post state must contain a valid PriceObservations");
+
+        assert_eq!(feed.price_source_id, price_source_id());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn different_windows_produce_distinct_pdas() {
+        let window_24h = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1_000u64;
+        let window_7d = 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1_000u64;
+        assert_ne!(
+            compute_price_observations_pda(ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID, price_source_id(), window_24h),
+            compute_price_observations_pda(ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID, price_source_id(), window_7d),
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn positive_and_negative_initial_ticks_stored_as_last_recorded_tick() {
+        for tick in [i32::MIN, -1, 0, 1, i32::MAX] {
+            let post_states = create_price_observations(
+                price_observations_uninit(),
+                price_source_authorized(),
+                clock_account_with_timestamp(0),
+                tick,
+                WINDOW_24H,
+                ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+            );
+            let feed = PriceObservations::try_from(&post_states[0].account().data)
+                .expect("post state must contain a valid PriceObservations");
+            assert_eq!(feed.last_recorded_tick, tick);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ── precondition violations ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic(expected = "price observations account ID does not match expected PDA")]
+    fn wrong_price_feed_account_id_panics() {
+        let mut wrong_feed = price_observations_uninit();
+        wrong_feed.account_id = AccountId::new([0u8; 32]);
+        create_price_observations(
+            wrong_feed,
+            price_source_authorized(),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(0),
+            0,
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+    }
+
+    /// An attacker who controls their own price source cannot register an observations account
+    /// that claims to be derived from a *different* (victim's) price source.
+    ///
+    /// The PDA derivation ties the observations account to the price source that was passed: if
+    /// the caller supplies their own authorized source but the victim's observations account ID,
+    /// the PDA check will fail because the computed PDA (from attacker's source) won't match.
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic(expected = "price observations account ID does not match expected PDA")]
+    fn cannot_register_observations_for_another_price_source() {
+        let victim_source_id = AccountId::new([2u8; 32]);
+        // The attacker passes the victim's observations PDA as the target account…
+        let victim_observations_pda =
+            compute_price_observations_pda(ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID, victim_source_id, WINDOW_24H);
+        let mut attacker_observations = price_observations_uninit();
+        attacker_observations.account_id = victim_observations_pda;
+
+        // …but only controls their own price source (price_source_id = [1u8; 32]).
+        create_price_observations(
+            attacker_observations,
+            price_source_authorized(),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(0),
+            0,
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic(expected = "price observations account must be uninitialized")]
+    fn already_initialized_price_feed_panics() {
+        let mut initialized_feed = price_observations_uninit();
+        initialized_feed.account.data = Data::try_from(vec![1u8; 10]).expect("fits in Data");
+        create_price_observations(
+            initialized_feed,
+            price_source_authorized(),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(0),
+            0,
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic(expected = "price source account must be authorized")]
+    fn unauthorized_price_source_panics() {
+        let mut unauthorized = price_source_authorized();
+        unauthorized.is_authorized = false;
+        create_price_observations(
+            price_observations_uninit(),
+            unauthorized,
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(0),
+            0,
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/programs/twap_oracle/src/lib.rs b/programs/twap_oracle/src/lib.rs
index 221b2f9..9f7e825 100644
--- a/programs/twap_oracle/src/lib.rs
+++ b/programs/twap_oracle/src/lib.rs
@@ -2,4 +2,9 @@
 
 pub use twap_oracle_core as core;
 
-pub mod noop;
+pub mod create_current_tick_account;
+pub mod create_oracle_price_account;
+pub mod create_price_observations;
+pub mod publish_price;
+pub mod record_tick;
+pub mod update_current_tick;
diff --git a/programs/twap_oracle/src/noop.rs b/programs/twap_oracle/src/noop.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index a2eadea..0000000
--- a/programs/twap_oracle/src/noop.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-use nssa_core::program::AccountPostState;
-
-pub fn noop() -> Vec<AccountPostState> {
-    vec![]
-}
diff --git a/programs/twap_oracle/src/publish_price.rs b/programs/twap_oracle/src/publish_price.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..504dbfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/programs/twap_oracle/src/publish_price.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,510 @@
+use clock_core::ClockAccountData;
+use nssa_core::{
+    account::{AccountId, AccountWithMetadata, Data},
+    program::{AccountPostState, ProgramId},
+};
+use twap_oracle_core::{
+    compute_oracle_price_account_pda, compute_price_observations_pda, tick_to_oracle_price,
+    OraclePriceAccount, PriceObservations, OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY,
+};
+
+/// Computes the TWAP over the full span of the [`PriceObservations`] ring buffer and writes
+/// the result to the [`OraclePriceAccount`].
+///
+/// Each observations account is calibrated to a specific `window_duration` via its sampling
+/// guard (`min_interval = window_duration / OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY`), so the oldest valid entry
+/// is always the natural start of the window — no boundary search is needed.
+///
+/// Returns all accounts unchanged when fewer than two observations are available. The price
+/// account stays at `timestamp = 0` (uninitialized signal) until there is something to publish.
+///
+/// # Panics
+/// Panics if:
+/// - `price_observations.account_id` does not match
+///   `compute_price_observations_pda(oracle_program_id, price_source_id, window_duration)`.
+/// - `oracle_price_account.account_id` does not match
+///   `compute_oracle_price_account_pda(oracle_program_id, price_source_id, window_duration)`.
+/// - Either account is not a valid initialised account of its respective type.
+pub fn publish_price(
+    price_observations: AccountWithMetadata,
+    oracle_price_account: AccountWithMetadata,
+    clock: AccountWithMetadata,
+    price_source_id: AccountId,
+    window_duration: u64,
+    oracle_program_id: ProgramId,
+) -> Vec<AccountPostState> {
+    assert_eq!(
+        price_observations.account_id,
+        compute_price_observations_pda(oracle_program_id, price_source_id, window_duration),
+        "PublishPrice: price observations account ID does not match expected PDA"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        oracle_price_account.account_id,
+        compute_oracle_price_account_pda(oracle_program_id, price_source_id, window_duration),
+        "PublishPrice: oracle price account ID does not match expected PDA"
+    );
+
+    let clock_data = ClockAccountData::from_bytes(clock.account.data.as_ref());
+    let now = clock_data.timestamp;
+
+    let observations = PriceObservations::try_from(&price_observations.account.data)
+        .expect("PublishPrice: price observations account must be initialized");
+    let mut price_account = OraclePriceAccount::try_from(&oracle_price_account.account.data)
+        .expect("PublishPrice: oracle price account must be initialized");
+
+    // No-op: need at least two observations to compute a TWAP.
+    if observations.total_entries < 2 {
+        return vec![
+            AccountPostState::new(price_observations.account.clone()),
+            AccountPostState::new(oracle_price_account.account.clone()),
+            AccountPostState::new(clock.account.clone()),
+        ];
+    }
+
+    let capacity =
+        usize::try_from(OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY).expect("OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY fits in usize");
+
+    // t2: the most recent observation.
+    let t2_index = if observations.write_index == 0 {
+        capacity
+            .checked_sub(1)
+            .expect("OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY is non-zero")
+    } else {
+        usize::try_from(
+            observations
+                .write_index
+                .checked_sub(1)
+                .expect("write_index > 0"),
+        )
+        .expect("write_index - 1 fits in usize")
+    };
+
+    // t1: the oldest valid observation. Once the buffer is full, the oldest entry sits at
+    // write_index (the slot about to be overwritten next). Before that, entries start at 0.
+    let is_full = observations.total_entries >= u64::from(OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY);
+    let t1_index = if is_full {
+        usize::try_from(observations.write_index).expect("write_index fits in usize")
+    } else {
+        0
+    };
+
+    let t1 = observations
+        .entries
+        .get(t1_index)
+        .expect("t1_index is within bounds");
+    let t2 = observations
+        .entries
+        .get(t2_index)
+        .expect("t2_index is within bounds");
+
+    let elapsed_ms = t2
+        .timestamp
+        .checked_sub(t1.timestamp)
+        .expect("t2.timestamp >= t1.timestamp");
+    let cumulative_diff = t2
+        .tick_cumulative
+        .checked_sub(t1.tick_cumulative)
+        .expect("tick_cumulative difference fits in i64");
+    let elapsed_ms_i64 = i64::try_from(elapsed_ms).expect("elapsed_ms fits in i64");
+    let twap_tick_i64 = cumulative_diff
+        .checked_div(elapsed_ms_i64)
+        .expect("elapsed_ms is non-zero");
+    let twap_tick = i32::try_from(twap_tick_i64).expect("TWAP tick fits in i32");
+
+    price_account.price = tick_to_oracle_price(twap_tick);
+    price_account.timestamp = now;
+
+    let mut oracle_price_account_post = oracle_price_account.account.clone();
+    oracle_price_account_post.data = Data::from(&price_account);
+
+    vec![
+        AccountPostState::new(price_observations.account.clone()),
+        AccountPostState::new(oracle_price_account_post),
+        AccountPostState::new(clock.account.clone()),
+    ]
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use nssa_core::account::{Account, AccountId, Nonce};
+    use twap_oracle_core::{
+        compute_oracle_price_account_pda, compute_price_observations_pda, tick_to_oracle_price,
+        ObservationEntry, OraclePriceAccount, PriceObservations, OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY,
+    };
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    const ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID: ProgramId = [77u32; 8];
+    const CLOCK_PROGRAM_ID: ProgramId = [88u32; 8];
+    const WINDOW_24H: u64 = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1_000;
+
+    fn price_source_id() -> AccountId {
+        AccountId::new([1u8; 32])
+    }
+    fn base_asset_id() -> AccountId {
+        AccountId::new([10u8; 32])
+    }
+    fn quote_asset_id() -> AccountId {
+        AccountId::new([11u8; 32])
+    }
+
+    fn clock_account_with_timestamp(timestamp: u64) -> AccountWithMetadata {
+        let data = ClockAccountData {
+            block_id: 0,
+            timestamp,
+        }
+        .to_bytes();
+        AccountWithMetadata {
+            account: Account {
+                program_owner: CLOCK_PROGRAM_ID,
+                balance: 0,
+                data: Data::try_from(data).expect("ClockAccountData fits in Data"),
+                nonce: Nonce(0),
+            },
+            is_authorized: false,
+            account_id: AccountId::new([99u8; 32]),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Builds a [`PriceObservations`] from `(timestamp_ms, tick_cumulative)` pairs written in
+    /// order starting at index 0. `write_index` is set to `entries_data.len()`.
+    fn make_price_observations(
+        entries_data: &[(u64, i64)],
+        last_recorded_tick: i32,
+    ) -> AccountWithMetadata {
+        let capacity =
+            usize::try_from(OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY).expect("OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY fits in usize");
+        let mut entries = vec![ObservationEntry::default(); capacity];
+        for (i, &(timestamp, tick_cumulative)) in entries_data.iter().enumerate() {
+            *entries.get_mut(i).expect("i < capacity") = ObservationEntry {
+                timestamp,
+                tick_cumulative,
+            };
+        }
+        let write_index = u32::try_from(entries_data.len()).expect("entry count fits in u32");
+        let total_entries = u64::try_from(entries_data.len()).expect("entry count fits in u64");
+        let obs = PriceObservations {
+            price_source_id: price_source_id(),
+            write_index,
+            total_entries,
+            last_recorded_tick,
+            entries,
+        };
+        AccountWithMetadata {
+            account: Account {
+                program_owner: ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+                balance: 0,
+                data: Data::from(&obs),
+                nonce: Nonce(0),
+            },
+            is_authorized: false,
+            account_id: compute_price_observations_pda(
+                ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+                price_source_id(),
+                WINDOW_24H,
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn make_oracle_price_account() -> AccountWithMetadata {
+        let account = OraclePriceAccount {
+            base_asset: base_asset_id(),
+            quote_asset: quote_asset_id(),
+            price: 0,
+            timestamp: 0,
+            source_id: price_source_id(),
+            confidence_interval: 0,
+        };
+        AccountWithMetadata {
+            account: Account {
+                program_owner: ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+                balance: 0,
+                data: Data::from(&account),
+                nonce: Nonce(0),
+            },
+            is_authorized: false,
+            account_id: compute_oracle_price_account_pda(
+                ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+                price_source_id(),
+                WINDOW_24H,
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ── happy path ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[test]
+    fn returns_three_post_states() {
+        let post_states = publish_price(
+            make_price_observations(&[(0, 0), (WINDOW_24H, 0)], 0),
+            make_oracle_price_account(),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(WINDOW_24H),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        assert_eq!(post_states.len(), 3);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn twap_tick_computed_and_stored_as_price() {
+        // Constant tick = 100 over 24 h → twap = 100
+        let cumulative = 100_i64
+            .checked_mul(i64::try_from(WINDOW_24H).expect("fits"))
+            .expect("100 * WINDOW_24H fits in i64");
+        let post_states = publish_price(
+            make_price_observations(&[(0, 0), (WINDOW_24H, cumulative)], 100),
+            make_oracle_price_account(),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(WINDOW_24H),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        let account = OraclePriceAccount::try_from(&post_states[1].account().data)
+            .expect("valid OraclePriceAccount");
+        assert_eq!(account.price, tick_to_oracle_price(100));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn negative_twap_tick_stored_correctly() {
+        // Constant tick = -50 over 24 h → twap = -50
+        let cumulative = (-50_i64)
+            .checked_mul(i64::try_from(WINDOW_24H).expect("fits"))
+            .expect("-50 * WINDOW_24H fits in i64");
+        let post_states = publish_price(
+            make_price_observations(&[(0, 0), (WINDOW_24H, cumulative)], -50),
+            make_oracle_price_account(),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(WINDOW_24H),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        let account = OraclePriceAccount::try_from(&post_states[1].account().data)
+            .expect("valid OraclePriceAccount");
+        assert_eq!(account.price, tick_to_oracle_price(-50));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn zero_twap_tick_stored_correctly() {
+        let post_states = publish_price(
+            make_price_observations(&[(0, 0), (WINDOW_24H, 0)], 0),
+            make_oracle_price_account(),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(WINDOW_24H),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        let account = OraclePriceAccount::try_from(&post_states[1].account().data)
+            .expect("valid OraclePriceAccount");
+        assert_eq!(account.price, tick_to_oracle_price(0));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn timestamp_set_to_clock_now() {
+        let now = WINDOW_24H
+            .checked_mul(2)
+            .expect("WINDOW_24H * 2 fits in u64");
+        let post_states = publish_price(
+            make_price_observations(&[(0, 0), (WINDOW_24H, 0)], 0),
+            make_oracle_price_account(),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(now),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        let account = OraclePriceAccount::try_from(&post_states[1].account().data)
+            .expect("valid OraclePriceAccount");
+        assert_eq!(account.timestamp, now);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn other_price_account_fields_preserved() {
+        let post_states = publish_price(
+            make_price_observations(&[(0, 0), (WINDOW_24H, 0)], 0),
+            make_oracle_price_account(),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(WINDOW_24H),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        let account = OraclePriceAccount::try_from(&post_states[1].account().data)
+            .expect("valid OraclePriceAccount");
+        assert_eq!(account.base_asset, base_asset_id());
+        assert_eq!(account.quote_asset, quote_asset_id());
+        assert_eq!(account.source_id, price_source_id());
+        assert_eq!(account.confidence_interval, 0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn price_observations_account_is_not_modified() {
+        let observations = make_price_observations(&[(0, 0), (WINDOW_24H, 0)], 0);
+        let post_states = publish_price(
+            observations.clone(),
+            make_oracle_price_account(),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(WINDOW_24H),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        assert_eq!(*post_states[0].account(), observations.account);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn clock_account_is_not_modified() {
+        let clock = clock_account_with_timestamp(WINDOW_24H);
+        let post_states = publish_price(
+            make_price_observations(&[(0, 0), (WINDOW_24H, 0)], 0),
+            make_oracle_price_account(),
+            clock.clone(),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        assert_eq!(*post_states[2].account(), clock.account);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn twap_uses_oldest_and_newest_entries() {
+        // Three observations: tick 0 for first half, tick 200 for second half.
+        // t1 = entry[0] (oldest), t2 = entry[2] (newest).
+        // Average over full span = (0 * half + 200 * half) / full = 100.
+        let half = WINDOW_24H.checked_div(2).expect("fits");
+        let half_i64 = i64::try_from(half).expect("fits");
+        let full_i64 = i64::try_from(WINDOW_24H).expect("fits");
+        // entry[0]: t=0, cumulative=0 (tick was 0 before this)
+        // entry[1]: t=half, cumulative=0 (tick=0 held from 0..half, so 0*half=0)
+        // entry[2]: t=WINDOW_24H, cumulative=200*half (tick=200 held from half..full)
+        let cumulative_at_half = 0_i64;
+        let cumulative_at_full = 200_i64.checked_mul(half_i64).expect("fits");
+        let post_states = publish_price(
+            make_price_observations(
+                &[
+                    (0, 0),
+                    (half, cumulative_at_half),
+                    (WINDOW_24H, cumulative_at_full),
+                ],
+                200,
+            ),
+            make_oracle_price_account(),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(WINDOW_24H),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        let account = OraclePriceAccount::try_from(&post_states[1].account().data)
+            .expect("valid OraclePriceAccount");
+        // twap = (cumulative_at_full - 0) / (WINDOW_24H - 0) = 200*half / full = 200/2 = 100
+        let expected_tick = cumulative_at_full.checked_div(full_i64).expect("non-zero");
+        assert_eq!(
+            account.price,
+            tick_to_oracle_price(i32::try_from(expected_tick).expect("tick fits in i32"))
+        );
+    }
+
+    // ── no-op: insufficient history ───────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[test]
+    fn noop_when_only_one_observation() {
+        let initial = make_oracle_price_account();
+        let post_states = publish_price(
+            make_price_observations(&[(0, 0)], 0),
+            initial.clone(),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(WINDOW_24H),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        assert_eq!(*post_states[1].account(), initial.account);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn noop_leaves_price_account_timestamp_at_zero() {
+        let post_states = publish_price(
+            make_price_observations(&[(0, 0)], 0),
+            make_oracle_price_account(),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(WINDOW_24H),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        let account = OraclePriceAccount::try_from(&post_states[1].account().data)
+            .expect("valid OraclePriceAccount");
+        assert_eq!(account.timestamp, 0);
+    }
+
+    // ── precondition violations ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic(expected = "price observations account ID does not match expected PDA")]
+    fn wrong_price_observations_id_panics() {
+        let mut wrong = make_price_observations(&[(0, 0), (WINDOW_24H, 0)], 0);
+        wrong.account_id = AccountId::new([0u8; 32]);
+        publish_price(
+            wrong,
+            make_oracle_price_account(),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(WINDOW_24H),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic(expected = "oracle price account ID does not match expected PDA")]
+    fn wrong_oracle_price_account_id_panics() {
+        let mut wrong = make_oracle_price_account();
+        wrong.account_id = AccountId::new([0u8; 32]);
+        publish_price(
+            make_price_observations(&[(0, 0), (WINDOW_24H, 0)], 0),
+            wrong,
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(WINDOW_24H),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic(expected = "price observations account must be initialized")]
+    fn uninitialized_price_observations_panics() {
+        let uninit = AccountWithMetadata {
+            account: Account::default(),
+            is_authorized: false,
+            account_id: compute_price_observations_pda(
+                ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+                price_source_id(),
+                WINDOW_24H,
+            ),
+        };
+        publish_price(
+            uninit,
+            make_oracle_price_account(),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(WINDOW_24H),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic(expected = "oracle price account must be initialized")]
+    fn uninitialized_oracle_price_account_panics() {
+        let uninit = AccountWithMetadata {
+            account: Account::default(),
+            is_authorized: false,
+            account_id: compute_oracle_price_account_pda(
+                ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+                price_source_id(),
+                WINDOW_24H,
+            ),
+        };
+        publish_price(
+            make_price_observations(&[(0, 0), (WINDOW_24H, 0)], 0),
+            uninit,
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(WINDOW_24H),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/programs/twap_oracle/src/record_tick.rs b/programs/twap_oracle/src/record_tick.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51a2730
--- /dev/null
+++ b/programs/twap_oracle/src/record_tick.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,710 @@
+use clock_core::ClockAccountData;
+use nssa_core::{
+    account::{AccountId, AccountWithMetadata, Data},
+    program::{AccountPostState, ProgramId},
+};
+use twap_oracle_core::{
+    compute_current_tick_account_pda, compute_price_observations_pda, CurrentTickAccount,
+    ObservationEntry, PriceObservations, MAX_TICK_DELTA, OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY,
+};
+
+/// Records the current tick from a [`CurrentTickAccount`] into a [`PriceObservations`] ring
+/// buffer.
+///
+/// Both PDAs are verified against `price_source_id`, ensuring the tick was written by whoever
+/// controls that price source. The sampling guard silently returns all accounts unchanged when
+/// less than `window_duration / OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY` milliseconds have elapsed since the last
+/// observation — callers may invoke this on every block without correctness concerns.
+///
+/// Tick-delta truncation clamps the per-observation price move to [`MAX_TICK_DELTA`] before
+/// advancing the accumulator. `last_recorded_tick` is updated to the raw (untruncated) tick so
+/// the next delta is computed from the true price position.
+///
+/// # Panics
+/// Panics if:
+/// - `current_tick_account.account_id` does not match
+///   `compute_current_tick_account_pda(oracle_program_id, price_source_id)`.
+/// - `price_observations.account_id` does not match
+///   `compute_price_observations_pda(oracle_program_id, price_source_id, window_duration)`.
+/// - Either account is not a valid initialised account of its respective type.
+pub fn record_tick(
+    price_observations: AccountWithMetadata,
+    current_tick_account: AccountWithMetadata,
+    clock: AccountWithMetadata,
+    price_source_id: AccountId,
+    window_duration: u64,
+    oracle_program_id: ProgramId,
+) -> Vec<AccountPostState> {
+    assert_eq!(
+        current_tick_account.account_id,
+        compute_current_tick_account_pda(oracle_program_id, price_source_id),
+        "RecordTick: current tick account ID does not match expected PDA"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        price_observations.account_id,
+        compute_price_observations_pda(oracle_program_id, price_source_id, window_duration),
+        "RecordTick: price observations account ID does not match expected PDA"
+    );
+
+    let clock_data = ClockAccountData::from_bytes(clock.account.data.as_ref());
+    let now = clock_data.timestamp;
+
+    let current_tick_data = CurrentTickAccount::try_from(&current_tick_account.account.data)
+        .expect("RecordTick: current tick account must be initialized");
+
+    let mut observations = PriceObservations::try_from(&price_observations.account.data)
+        .expect("RecordTick: price observations account must be initialized");
+
+    let capacity =
+        usize::try_from(OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY).expect("OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY fits in usize");
+
+    // Sampling guard: enforce minimum interval between observations.
+    let min_interval = window_duration
+        .checked_div(u64::from(OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY))
+        .expect("OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY is non-zero");
+    let last_index = if observations.write_index == 0 {
+        capacity
+            .checked_sub(1)
+            .expect("OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY is non-zero")
+    } else {
+        usize::try_from(
+            observations
+                .write_index
+                .checked_sub(1)
+                .expect("write_index > 0"),
+        )
+        .expect("write_index - 1 fits in usize")
+    };
+    let last_entry = observations
+        .entries
+        .get(last_index)
+        .expect("last_index is within bounds");
+    let last_timestamp = last_entry.timestamp;
+    let last_cumulative = last_entry.tick_cumulative;
+    let elapsed_ms = now.saturating_sub(last_timestamp);
+
+    if elapsed_ms < min_interval {
+        return vec![
+            AccountPostState::new(price_observations.account.clone()),
+            AccountPostState::new(current_tick_account.account.clone()),
+            AccountPostState::new(clock.account.clone()),
+        ];
+    }
+
+    // Tick-delta truncation.
+    let current_tick = current_tick_data.tick;
+    let delta = current_tick.saturating_sub(observations.last_recorded_tick);
+    let clamped_delta = delta.clamp(-MAX_TICK_DELTA, MAX_TICK_DELTA);
+
+    // Advance cumulative (tick × elapsed milliseconds).
+    let elapsed_ms_i64 = i64::try_from(elapsed_ms).expect("elapsed_ms fits in i64");
+    let new_cumulative = i64::from(clamped_delta)
+        .checked_mul(elapsed_ms_i64)
+        .and_then(|product| last_cumulative.checked_add(product))
+        .expect("tick_cumulative fits in i64");
+
+    // Write new entry and advance the ring buffer.
+    let write_index = usize::try_from(observations.write_index).expect("write_index fits in usize");
+    *observations
+        .entries
+        .get_mut(write_index)
+        .expect("write_index is within bounds") = ObservationEntry {
+        timestamp: now,
+        tick_cumulative: new_cumulative,
+    };
+    let next_index = write_index
+        .checked_add(1)
+        .expect("write_index + 1 fits in usize")
+        .checked_rem(capacity)
+        .expect("capacity is non-zero");
+    observations.write_index = u32::try_from(next_index).expect("next write_index fits in u32");
+    observations.total_entries = observations
+        .total_entries
+        .checked_add(1)
+        .expect("total_entries does not overflow");
+    observations.last_recorded_tick = current_tick;
+
+    let mut price_observations_post = price_observations.account.clone();
+    price_observations_post.data = Data::from(&observations);
+
+    vec![
+        AccountPostState::new(price_observations_post),
+        AccountPostState::new(current_tick_account.account.clone()),
+        AccountPostState::new(clock.account.clone()),
+    ]
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use nssa_core::account::{Account, AccountId, Nonce};
+    use twap_oracle_core::{
+        compute_current_tick_account_pda, compute_price_observations_pda, OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY,
+    };
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    const ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID: ProgramId = [77u32; 8];
+    const CLOCK_PROGRAM_ID: ProgramId = [88u32; 8];
+    const WINDOW_24H: u64 = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1_000;
+
+    fn price_source_id() -> AccountId {
+        AccountId::new([1u8; 32])
+    }
+
+    /// Minimum interval enforced by the sampling guard for `WINDOW_24H`.
+    fn min_interval() -> u64 {
+        WINDOW_24H
+            .checked_div(u64::from(OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY))
+            .expect("OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY is non-zero")
+    }
+
+    fn clock_account_with_timestamp(timestamp: u64) -> AccountWithMetadata {
+        let data = ClockAccountData {
+            block_id: 0,
+            timestamp,
+        }
+        .to_bytes();
+        AccountWithMetadata {
+            account: Account {
+                program_owner: CLOCK_PROGRAM_ID,
+                balance: 0,
+                data: Data::try_from(data).expect("ClockAccountData fits in Data"),
+                nonce: Nonce(0),
+            },
+            is_authorized: false,
+            account_id: AccountId::new([99u8; 32]),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn make_current_tick_account(tick: i32, last_updated: u64) -> AccountWithMetadata {
+        let stored = CurrentTickAccount { tick, last_updated };
+        AccountWithMetadata {
+            account: Account {
+                program_owner: ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+                balance: 0,
+                data: Data::from(&stored),
+                nonce: Nonce(0),
+            },
+            is_authorized: false,
+            account_id: compute_current_tick_account_pda(ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID, price_source_id()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Builds a [`PriceObservations`] placing a seeded entry at the slot just before
+    /// `write_index` so `record_tick` reads it as the last observation.
+    fn make_price_observations(
+        write_index: u32,
+        last_recorded_tick: i32,
+        last_timestamp: u64,
+        last_cumulative: i64,
+    ) -> AccountWithMetadata {
+        let capacity =
+            usize::try_from(OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY).expect("OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY fits in usize");
+        let last_index = if write_index == 0 {
+            capacity
+                .checked_sub(1)
+                .expect("OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY is non-zero")
+        } else {
+            usize::try_from(write_index.checked_sub(1).expect("write_index > 0"))
+                .expect("write_index - 1 fits in usize")
+        };
+        let mut entries = vec![ObservationEntry::default(); capacity];
+        *entries
+            .get_mut(last_index)
+            .expect("last_index is within bounds") = ObservationEntry {
+            timestamp: last_timestamp,
+            tick_cumulative: last_cumulative,
+        };
+        let obs = PriceObservations {
+            price_source_id: price_source_id(),
+            write_index,
+            total_entries: 1,
+            last_recorded_tick,
+            entries,
+        };
+        AccountWithMetadata {
+            account: Account {
+                program_owner: ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+                balance: 0,
+                data: Data::from(&obs),
+                nonce: Nonce(0),
+            },
+            is_authorized: false,
+            account_id: compute_price_observations_pda(
+                ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+                price_source_id(),
+                WINDOW_24H,
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ── happy path ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[test]
+    fn returns_three_post_states() {
+        let post_states = record_tick(
+            make_price_observations(1, 0, 0, 0),
+            make_current_tick_account(0, 0),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(min_interval()),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        assert_eq!(post_states.len(), 3);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn cumulative_advances_correctly() {
+        // last_recorded_tick = 0, current_tick = 100, elapsed = 10_000 ms
+        // expected: 0 + 100 * 10_000 = 1_000_000
+        let elapsed_ms = 10_000u64.max(min_interval());
+        let elapsed_ms_i64 = i64::try_from(elapsed_ms).expect("elapsed_ms fits in i64");
+        let post_states = record_tick(
+            make_price_observations(1, 0, 0, 0),
+            make_current_tick_account(100, 0),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(elapsed_ms),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        let obs = PriceObservations::try_from(&post_states[0].account().data)
+            .expect("valid PriceObservations");
+        let expected = 100_i64
+            .checked_mul(elapsed_ms_i64)
+            .expect("100 * elapsed_ms fits in i64");
+        assert_eq!(obs.entries[1].tick_cumulative, expected);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn cumulative_advances_from_non_zero_base() {
+        // last_cumulative = 500_000, current_tick = 50, elapsed = 20_000 ms
+        // expected: 500_000 + 50 * 20_000 = 1_500_000
+        let elapsed_ms = 20_000u64.max(min_interval());
+        let elapsed_ms_i64 = i64::try_from(elapsed_ms).expect("elapsed_ms fits in i64");
+        let post_states = record_tick(
+            make_price_observations(1, 0, 0, 500_000),
+            make_current_tick_account(50, 0),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(elapsed_ms),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        let obs = PriceObservations::try_from(&post_states[0].account().data)
+            .expect("valid PriceObservations");
+        let expected = 500_000_i64
+            .checked_add(
+                50_i64
+                    .checked_mul(elapsed_ms_i64)
+                    .expect("50 * elapsed_ms fits in i64"),
+            )
+            .expect("500_000 + 50 * elapsed_ms fits in i64");
+        assert_eq!(obs.entries[1].tick_cumulative, expected);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn negative_tick_decrements_cumulative() {
+        // last_recorded_tick = 0, current_tick = -100, elapsed = 10_000 ms
+        // expected: 0 + (-100) * 10_000 = -1_000_000
+        let elapsed_ms = 10_000u64.max(min_interval());
+        let elapsed_ms_i64 = i64::try_from(elapsed_ms).expect("elapsed_ms fits in i64");
+        let post_states = record_tick(
+            make_price_observations(1, 0, 0, 0),
+            make_current_tick_account(-100, 0),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(elapsed_ms),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        let obs = PriceObservations::try_from(&post_states[0].account().data)
+            .expect("valid PriceObservations");
+        let expected = (-100_i64)
+            .checked_mul(elapsed_ms_i64)
+            .expect("-100 * elapsed_ms fits in i64");
+        assert_eq!(obs.entries[1].tick_cumulative, expected);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn new_observation_timestamp_is_clock_timestamp() {
+        let now = min_interval()
+            .checked_mul(2)
+            .expect("min_interval * 2 fits in u64");
+        let post_states = record_tick(
+            make_price_observations(1, 0, 0, 0),
+            make_current_tick_account(0, 0),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(now),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        let obs = PriceObservations::try_from(&post_states[0].account().data)
+            .expect("valid PriceObservations");
+        assert_eq!(obs.entries[1].timestamp, now);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn write_index_advances_after_write() {
+        let post_states = record_tick(
+            make_price_observations(1, 0, 0, 0),
+            make_current_tick_account(0, 0),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(min_interval()),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        let obs = PriceObservations::try_from(&post_states[0].account().data)
+            .expect("valid PriceObservations");
+        assert_eq!(obs.write_index, 2);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn write_index_wraps_at_capacity() {
+        // write_index = CAPACITY - 1 → entry written to slot CAPACITY - 1 → write_index wraps to 0
+        let capacity_minus_one = OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY
+            .checked_sub(1)
+            .expect("OBSERVATIONS_CAPACITY is non-zero");
+        let post_states = record_tick(
+            make_price_observations(capacity_minus_one, 0, 0, 0),
+            make_current_tick_account(0, 0),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(min_interval()),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        let obs = PriceObservations::try_from(&post_states[0].account().data)
+            .expect("valid PriceObservations");
+        assert_eq!(obs.write_index, 0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn total_entries_incremented_after_write() {
+        let post_states = record_tick(
+            make_price_observations(1, 0, 0, 0),
+            make_current_tick_account(0, 0),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(min_interval()),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        let obs = PriceObservations::try_from(&post_states[0].account().data)
+            .expect("valid PriceObservations");
+        assert_eq!(obs.total_entries, 2);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn last_recorded_tick_updated_to_untruncated_current_tick() {
+        // Delta large enough to be clamped, but last_recorded_tick must store the raw tick.
+        let current_tick = MAX_TICK_DELTA
+            .checked_mul(3)
+            .expect("MAX_TICK_DELTA * 3 fits in i32");
+        let post_states = record_tick(
+            make_price_observations(1, 0, 0, 0),
+            make_current_tick_account(current_tick, 0),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(min_interval()),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        let obs = PriceObservations::try_from(&post_states[0].account().data)
+            .expect("valid PriceObservations");
+        assert_eq!(obs.last_recorded_tick, current_tick);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn current_tick_and_clock_post_states_are_unchanged() {
+        let tick_account = make_current_tick_account(100, 0);
+        let clock = clock_account_with_timestamp(min_interval());
+        let post_states = record_tick(
+            make_price_observations(1, 0, 0, 0),
+            tick_account.clone(),
+            clock.clone(),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        assert_eq!(*post_states[1].account(), tick_account.account);
+        assert_eq!(*post_states[2].account(), clock.account);
+    }
+
+    // ── write_index = 0 path ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[test]
+    fn write_index_zero_reads_from_last_slot() {
+        // write_index = 0 means the last written entry is at CAPACITY - 1.
+        // Exercises the write_index == 0 branch in last_index computation.
+        // The new entry goes to slot 0 and write_index advances to 1.
+        let elapsed_ms = min_interval();
+        let elapsed_ms_i64 = i64::try_from(elapsed_ms).expect("elapsed_ms fits in i64");
+        let post_states = record_tick(
+            make_price_observations(0, 0, 0, 0),
+            make_current_tick_account(100, 0),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(elapsed_ms),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        let obs = PriceObservations::try_from(&post_states[0].account().data)
+            .expect("valid PriceObservations");
+        let expected = 100_i64
+            .checked_mul(elapsed_ms_i64)
+            .expect("100 * elapsed_ms fits in i64");
+        assert_eq!(obs.write_index, 1);
+        assert_eq!(obs.entries[0].timestamp, elapsed_ms);
+        assert_eq!(obs.entries[0].tick_cumulative, expected);
+    }
+
+    // ── sampling guard ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[test]
+    fn sampling_guard_skips_write_when_elapsed_below_min_interval() {
+        let before_interval = min_interval().checked_sub(1).expect("min_interval > 0");
+        let post_states = record_tick(
+            make_price_observations(1, 0, 0, 0),
+            make_current_tick_account(0, 0),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(before_interval),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        let obs = PriceObservations::try_from(&post_states[0].account().data)
+            .expect("valid PriceObservations");
+        assert_eq!(obs.write_index, 1);
+        assert_eq!(obs.total_entries, 1);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn sampling_guard_does_not_update_last_recorded_tick() {
+        // When the guard fires, the entire observations account must be returned unchanged —
+        // including last_recorded_tick, which is the baseline for the next delta computation.
+        let before_interval = min_interval().checked_sub(1).expect("min_interval > 0");
+        let post_states = record_tick(
+            make_price_observations(1, 500, 0, 0),
+            make_current_tick_account(999, 0),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(before_interval),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        let obs = PriceObservations::try_from(&post_states[0].account().data)
+            .expect("valid PriceObservations");
+        assert_eq!(obs.last_recorded_tick, 500);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn sampling_guard_allows_write_at_exactly_min_interval() {
+        let post_states = record_tick(
+            make_price_observations(1, 0, 0, 0),
+            make_current_tick_account(0, 0),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(min_interval()),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        let obs = PriceObservations::try_from(&post_states[0].account().data)
+            .expect("valid PriceObservations");
+        assert_eq!(obs.write_index, 2);
+        assert_eq!(obs.total_entries, 2);
+    }
+
+    // ── tick-delta truncation ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[test]
+    fn large_positive_delta_clamped_to_max_tick_delta() {
+        // current_tick = MAX_TICK_DELTA * 2, last_recorded_tick = 0 → clamped to MAX_TICK_DELTA
+        let elapsed_ms = min_interval();
+        let elapsed_ms_i64 = i64::try_from(elapsed_ms).expect("elapsed_ms fits in i64");
+        let double_max = MAX_TICK_DELTA
+            .checked_mul(2)
+            .expect("MAX_TICK_DELTA * 2 fits in i32");
+        let post_states = record_tick(
+            make_price_observations(1, 0, 0, 0),
+            make_current_tick_account(double_max, 0),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(elapsed_ms),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        let obs = PriceObservations::try_from(&post_states[0].account().data)
+            .expect("valid PriceObservations");
+        let expected = i64::from(MAX_TICK_DELTA)
+            .checked_mul(elapsed_ms_i64)
+            .expect("MAX_TICK_DELTA * elapsed_ms fits in i64");
+        assert_eq!(obs.entries[1].tick_cumulative, expected);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn large_negative_delta_clamped_to_min_tick_delta() {
+        // current_tick = -(MAX_TICK_DELTA * 2), last_recorded_tick = 0 → clamped to -MAX_TICK_DELTA
+        let elapsed_ms = min_interval();
+        let elapsed_ms_i64 = i64::try_from(elapsed_ms).expect("elapsed_ms fits in i64");
+        let neg_double_max = MAX_TICK_DELTA
+            .checked_mul(2)
+            .and_then(|v| v.checked_neg())
+            .expect("-(MAX_TICK_DELTA * 2) fits in i32");
+        let post_states = record_tick(
+            make_price_observations(1, 0, 0, 0),
+            make_current_tick_account(neg_double_max, 0),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(elapsed_ms),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        let obs = PriceObservations::try_from(&post_states[0].account().data)
+            .expect("valid PriceObservations");
+        let neg_max = MAX_TICK_DELTA
+            .checked_neg()
+            .expect("negation of MAX_TICK_DELTA fits in i32");
+        let expected = i64::from(neg_max)
+            .checked_mul(elapsed_ms_i64)
+            .expect("-MAX_TICK_DELTA * elapsed_ms fits in i64");
+        assert_eq!(obs.entries[1].tick_cumulative, expected);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn delta_exactly_at_max_tick_delta_passes_through_untruncated() {
+        // delta == MAX_TICK_DELTA is at the boundary — clamp() must not reduce it.
+        let elapsed_ms = min_interval();
+        let elapsed_ms_i64 = i64::try_from(elapsed_ms).expect("elapsed_ms fits in i64");
+        let post_states = record_tick(
+            make_price_observations(1, 0, 0, 0),
+            make_current_tick_account(MAX_TICK_DELTA, 0),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(elapsed_ms),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        let obs = PriceObservations::try_from(&post_states[0].account().data)
+            .expect("valid PriceObservations");
+        let expected = i64::from(MAX_TICK_DELTA)
+            .checked_mul(elapsed_ms_i64)
+            .expect("MAX_TICK_DELTA * elapsed_ms fits in i64");
+        assert_eq!(obs.entries[1].tick_cumulative, expected);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn small_delta_passes_through_untruncated() {
+        // current_tick = 100, last_recorded_tick = 0 → delta 100, well within MAX_TICK_DELTA
+        let elapsed_ms = min_interval();
+        let elapsed_ms_i64 = i64::try_from(elapsed_ms).expect("elapsed_ms fits in i64");
+        let post_states = record_tick(
+            make_price_observations(1, 0, 0, 0),
+            make_current_tick_account(100, 0),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(elapsed_ms),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        let obs = PriceObservations::try_from(&post_states[0].account().data)
+            .expect("valid PriceObservations");
+        let expected = 100_i64
+            .checked_mul(elapsed_ms_i64)
+            .expect("100 * elapsed_ms fits in i64");
+        assert_eq!(obs.entries[1].tick_cumulative, expected);
+    }
+
+    // ── cross-source spoofing ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    /// An attacker who controls their own price source cannot inject ticks into a victim's
+    /// observations account. They would pass the victim's `price_source_id` to match the
+    /// observations PDA, but their `current_tick_account` is derived from their own source ID,
+    /// so the current tick account PDA check fails.
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic(expected = "current tick account ID does not match expected PDA")]
+    fn cannot_inject_tick_into_another_sources_observations() {
+        let attacker_source_id = AccountId::new([2u8; 32]);
+        let attacker_tick_account = AccountWithMetadata {
+            account: Account {
+                program_owner: ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+                balance: 0,
+                data: Data::from(&CurrentTickAccount {
+                    tick: 99_999,
+                    last_updated: 0,
+                }),
+                nonce: Nonce(0),
+            },
+            is_authorized: false,
+            account_id: compute_current_tick_account_pda(ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID, attacker_source_id),
+        };
+        record_tick(
+            make_price_observations(1, 0, 0, 0), /* victim's observations (price_source_id =
+                                                  * [1u8;32]) */
+            attacker_tick_account,
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(min_interval()),
+            price_source_id(), /* victim's price_source_id — attacker claims this to match
+                                * observations */
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+    }
+
+    // ── precondition violations ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic(expected = "current tick account ID does not match expected PDA")]
+    fn wrong_current_tick_account_id_panics() {
+        let mut wrong = make_current_tick_account(0, 0);
+        wrong.account_id = AccountId::new([0u8; 32]);
+        record_tick(
+            make_price_observations(1, 0, 0, 0),
+            wrong,
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(min_interval()),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic(expected = "price observations account ID does not match expected PDA")]
+    fn wrong_price_observations_id_panics() {
+        let mut wrong = make_price_observations(1, 0, 0, 0);
+        wrong.account_id = AccountId::new([0u8; 32]);
+        record_tick(
+            wrong,
+            make_current_tick_account(0, 0),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(min_interval()),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic(expected = "current tick account must be initialized")]
+    fn uninitialized_current_tick_account_panics() {
+        let uninit = AccountWithMetadata {
+            account: Account::default(),
+            is_authorized: false,
+            account_id: compute_current_tick_account_pda(ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID, price_source_id()),
+        };
+        record_tick(
+            make_price_observations(1, 0, 0, 0),
+            uninit,
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(min_interval()),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic(expected = "price observations account must be initialized")]
+    fn uninitialized_price_observations_panics() {
+        let uninit = AccountWithMetadata {
+            account: Account::default(),
+            is_authorized: false,
+            account_id: compute_price_observations_pda(
+                ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+                price_source_id(),
+                WINDOW_24H,
+            ),
+        };
+        record_tick(
+            uninit,
+            make_current_tick_account(0, 0),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(min_interval()),
+            price_source_id(),
+            WINDOW_24H,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/programs/twap_oracle/src/update_current_tick.rs b/programs/twap_oracle/src/update_current_tick.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a63338b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/programs/twap_oracle/src/update_current_tick.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+use clock_core::ClockAccountData;
+use nssa_core::{
+    account::{AccountWithMetadata, Data},
+    program::{AccountPostState, ProgramId},
+};
+use twap_oracle_core::{compute_current_tick_account_pda, CurrentTickAccount};
+
+/// Updates the tick stored in an existing [`CurrentTickAccount`].
+///
+/// # Panics
+/// Panics if:
+/// - `current_tick_account.account_id` does not match
+///   `compute_current_tick_account_pda(oracle_program_id, price_source.account_id)`.
+/// - `current_tick_account.account` is not a valid, initialised [`CurrentTickAccount`].
+/// - `price_source.is_authorized` is false.
+pub fn update_current_tick(
+    current_tick_account: AccountWithMetadata,
+    price_source: AccountWithMetadata,
+    clock: AccountWithMetadata,
+    tick: i32,
+    oracle_program_id: ProgramId,
+) -> Vec<AccountPostState> {
+    let price_source_id = price_source.account_id;
+    assert_eq!(
+        current_tick_account.account_id,
+        compute_current_tick_account_pda(oracle_program_id, price_source_id),
+        "UpdateCurrentTick: current tick account ID does not match expected PDA"
+    );
+    assert!(
+        price_source.is_authorized,
+        "UpdateCurrentTick: price source account must be authorized"
+    );
+
+    let mut stored = CurrentTickAccount::try_from(&current_tick_account.account.data)
+        .expect("UpdateCurrentTick: current tick account must be initialized");
+
+    let clock_data = ClockAccountData::from_bytes(clock.account.data.as_ref());
+    stored.tick = tick;
+    stored.last_updated = clock_data.timestamp;
+
+    let mut current_tick_account_post = current_tick_account.account.clone();
+    current_tick_account_post.data = Data::from(&stored);
+
+    vec![
+        AccountPostState::new(current_tick_account_post),
+        AccountPostState::new(price_source.account.clone()),
+        AccountPostState::new(clock.account.clone()),
+    ]
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use nssa_core::account::{Account, AccountId, Nonce};
+    use twap_oracle_core::compute_current_tick_account_pda;
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    const ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID: ProgramId = [77u32; 8];
+    const CLOCK_PROGRAM_ID: ProgramId = [88u32; 8];
+
+    fn price_source_id() -> AccountId {
+        AccountId::new([1u8; 32])
+    }
+
+    fn clock_account_with_timestamp(timestamp: u64) -> AccountWithMetadata {
+        let data = ClockAccountData {
+            block_id: 0,
+            timestamp,
+        }
+        .to_bytes();
+        AccountWithMetadata {
+            account: Account {
+                program_owner: CLOCK_PROGRAM_ID,
+                balance: 0,
+                data: Data::try_from(data).expect("ClockAccountData fits in Data"),
+                nonce: Nonce(0),
+            },
+            is_authorized: false,
+            account_id: AccountId::new([99u8; 32]),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn price_source_authorized() -> AccountWithMetadata {
+        AccountWithMetadata {
+            account: Account {
+                program_owner: [42u32; 8],
+                balance: 0,
+                data: Data::default(),
+                nonce: Nonce(0),
+            },
+            is_authorized: true,
+            account_id: price_source_id(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn current_tick_account_initialized(tick: i32, last_updated: u64) -> AccountWithMetadata {
+        let stored = CurrentTickAccount { tick, last_updated };
+        AccountWithMetadata {
+            account: Account {
+                program_owner: ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+                balance: 0,
+                data: Data::from(&stored),
+                nonce: Nonce(0),
+            },
+            is_authorized: false,
+            account_id: compute_current_tick_account_pda(ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID, price_source_id()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ── happy path ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[test]
+    fn returns_three_post_states() {
+        let post_states = update_current_tick(
+            current_tick_account_initialized(0, 0),
+            price_source_authorized(),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(1_000),
+            100,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        assert_eq!(post_states.len(), 3);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tick_updated_to_new_value() {
+        let post_states = update_current_tick(
+            current_tick_account_initialized(100, 0),
+            price_source_authorized(),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(1_000),
+            200,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        let account = CurrentTickAccount::try_from(&post_states[0].account().data)
+            .expect("post state must contain a valid CurrentTickAccount");
+        assert_eq!(account.tick, 200);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn timestamp_updated_from_clock() {
+        let post_states = update_current_tick(
+            current_tick_account_initialized(0, 0),
+            price_source_authorized(),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(999_000),
+            0,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+        let account = CurrentTickAccount::try_from(&post_states[0].account().data)
+            .expect("post state must contain a valid CurrentTickAccount");
+        assert_eq!(account.last_updated, 999_000);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn positive_and_negative_ticks_accepted() {
+        for tick in [i32::MIN, -1, 0, 1, i32::MAX] {
+            let post_states = update_current_tick(
+                current_tick_account_initialized(0, 0),
+                price_source_authorized(),
+                clock_account_with_timestamp(0),
+                tick,
+                ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+            );
+            let account = CurrentTickAccount::try_from(&post_states[0].account().data)
+                .expect("post state must contain a valid CurrentTickAccount");
+            assert_eq!(account.tick, tick);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn price_source_and_clock_post_states_are_unchanged() {
+        let price_source = price_source_authorized();
+        let clock = clock_account_with_timestamp(42_000);
+
+        let post_states = update_current_tick(
+            current_tick_account_initialized(0, 0),
+            price_source.clone(),
+            clock.clone(),
+            0,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(*post_states[1].account(), price_source.account);
+        assert_eq!(*post_states[2].account(), clock.account);
+    }
+
+    // ── precondition violations ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic(expected = "current tick account ID does not match expected PDA")]
+    fn wrong_account_id_panics() {
+        let mut wrong = current_tick_account_initialized(0, 0);
+        wrong.account_id = AccountId::new([0u8; 32]);
+        update_current_tick(
+            wrong,
+            price_source_authorized(),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(0),
+            0,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic(expected = "current tick account must be initialized")]
+    fn uninitialized_account_panics() {
+        let uninit = AccountWithMetadata {
+            account: Account::default(),
+            is_authorized: false,
+            account_id: compute_current_tick_account_pda(ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID, price_source_id()),
+        };
+        update_current_tick(
+            uninit,
+            price_source_authorized(),
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(0),
+            0,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic(expected = "price source account must be authorized")]
+    fn unauthorized_price_source_panics() {
+        let mut unauthorized = price_source_authorized();
+        unauthorized.is_authorized = false;
+        update_current_tick(
+            current_tick_account_initialized(0, 0),
+            unauthorized,
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(0),
+            0,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+    }
+
+    /// An attacker who controls their own price source cannot update a different (victim's)
+    /// current tick account. The PDA is derived from the price source ID, so presenting an
+    /// authorized attacker source against the victim's account ID will always fail the PDA check.
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic(expected = "current tick account ID does not match expected PDA")]
+    fn cannot_update_another_price_sources_tick_account() {
+        let victim_source_id = AccountId::new([2u8; 32]);
+        let victim_account_id =
+            compute_current_tick_account_pda(ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID, victim_source_id);
+
+        let mut victim_account = current_tick_account_initialized(500, 1_000);
+        victim_account.account_id = victim_account_id;
+
+        update_current_tick(
+            victim_account,
+            price_source_authorized(), // attacker controls price_source_id = [1u8; 32]
+            clock_account_with_timestamp(2_000),
+            999,
+            ORACLE_PROGRAM_ID,
+        );
+    }
+}