diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index f4e8bbd5c9..178d6a9c7d 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@bitkyc08/opencodex",
-  "version": "2.24.2",
+  "version": "2.25.0",
   "description": "Universal provider proxy for OpenAI Codex & Claude Code — use any LLM with Codex CLI/App/SDK and Claude Code",
   "type": "module",
   "main": "./bin/package-main.mjs",
diff --git a/src/service-manager-probe.ts b/src/service-manager-probe.ts
index 8446c78ae5..0c3552488f 100644
--- a/src/service-manager-probe.ts
+++ b/src/service-manager-probe.ts
@@ -267,9 +267,21 @@ function inspectSystemd(deps: Required<Pick<ProbeDeps, "run" | "home">>): Servic
   if (shown.spawnFailed) return { kind: "absent" };
   if (shown.timedOut) return unknown("systemctl could not be asked: timed out");
   if (shown.status !== 0) {
+    const err = shown.stderr.trim();
     // A missing unit still exits ZERO and says not-found; a non-zero status means
-    // the question never reached the bus.
-    return unknown(`systemctl show exited ${String(shown.status)}: ${shown.stderr.trim()}`);
+    // the question never reached the bus. Two of those failures mean it never
+    // could: with no session-bus socket (or no systemd at all, e.g. WSL), no
+    // user unit can be registered, so there is nothing to conflict with — the
+    // same conclusion as systemctl being absent (#1939). Other bus failures
+    // (e.g. a misconfigured DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS while the user manager
+    // runs) stay unknown.
+    if (
+      err.includes("Failed to get D-Bus connection: No such file or directory")
+      || err.includes("System has not been booted with systemd")
+    ) {
+      return { kind: "absent" };
+    }
+    return unknown(`systemctl show exited ${String(shown.status)}: ${err}`);
   }
 
   const loadState = systemdProperty(shown.stdout, "LoadState");
diff --git a/tests/codex-service-manager-probe.test.ts b/tests/codex-service-manager-probe.test.ts
index d1c5035360..e4ea557f78 100644
--- a/tests/codex-service-manager-probe.test.ts
+++ b/tests/codex-service-manager-probe.test.ts
@@ -1008,3 +1008,29 @@ describe("ownership refuses what it cannot prove", () => {
     expect(result.ownership).toBe("owned");
   });
 });
+
+describe("systemd probe: no user session bus", () => {
+  test("a missing session-bus socket means no user units can exist — absent (#1939)", () => {
+    const { run } = recorder(() => ({
+      status: 1,
+      stderr: "Failed to get D-Bus connection: No such file or directory",
+    }));
+    expect(inspectServiceManagerInstallation({ run, platform: "linux", home }).kind).toBe("absent");
+  });
+
+  test("WSL's not-booted-with-systemd message is absent for the same reason (#1939)", () => {
+    const { run } = recorder(() => ({
+      status: 1,
+      stderr: "System has not been booted with systemd as init system (PID 1).",
+    }));
+    expect(inspectServiceManagerInstallation({ run, platform: "linux", home }).kind).toBe("absent");
+  });
+
+  test("other bus failures stay unknown — the user manager may be running", () => {
+    const { run } = recorder(() => ({
+      status: 1,
+      stderr: "Failed to connect to bus: $DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS not set",
+    }));
+    expect(inspectServiceManagerInstallation({ run, platform: "linux", home }).kind).toBe("unknown");
+  });
+});