diff --git a/c2rust-refactor/src/transform/reorganize_definitions.rs b/c2rust-refactor/src/transform/reorganize_definitions.rs
index f652329e7b..d77b30678a 100644
--- a/c2rust-refactor/src/transform/reorganize_definitions.rs
+++ b/c2rust-refactor/src/transform/reorganize_definitions.rs
@@ -267,13 +267,15 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Reorganizer<'a, 'tcx> {
                 return false;
             }
 
+            // The header belongs to this module if it is named after it,
+            // either exactly or with the usual `_h` suffix. Splitting the
+            // header name at the module name's length in bytes would panic
+            // when that offset falls inside a multi-byte character.
             let header_ident = declaration.parent_header.ident.as_str();
             let module_ident = dest_module_info.orig_ident.as_str();
-            if header_ident.len() >= module_ident.len() {
-                let (base, ext) = header_ident.split_at(module_ident.len());
-                base == &*module_ident && (ext.is_empty() || ext == "_h")
-            } else {
-                false
+            match header_ident.strip_prefix(&*module_ident) {
+                Some(ext) => ext.is_empty() || ext == "_h",
+                None => false,
             }
         });
         let dest_module = match dest_module {
diff --git a/c2rust-refactor/tests/snapshots.rs b/c2rust-refactor/tests/snapshots.rs
index c2301d72bc..031bbe56f5 100644
--- a/c2rust-refactor/tests/snapshots.rs
+++ b/c2rust-refactor/tests/snapshots.rs
@@ -518,6 +518,23 @@ fn test_reorganize_multi_namespace() {
         .test();
 }
 
+/// `find_destination_id` decides whether a header belongs to a candidate
+/// destination by comparing their names, which must not assume either is
+/// ASCII: slicing the header name at the destination name's length in *bytes*
+/// panics when that offset falls inside a multi-byte character.
+///
+/// Module `a` is one byte long, so comparing it against `ü_h` used to split
+/// the `ü` in half; the names don't match, so `thing` moves to a new module.
+/// Module `é` is the matching case, pinning down that non-ASCII names are
+/// still compared correctly rather than merely never matching: `é_h` is named
+/// after its parent, so `other` moves into it.
+#[test]
+fn test_reorganize_non_ascii_ident() {
+    refactor("reorganize_definitions")
+        .named("reorganize_non_ascii_ident.rs")
+        .test();
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn test_reorganize_self_import_destination() {
     refactor("reorganize_definitions")
diff --git a/c2rust-refactor/tests/snapshots/reorganize_non_ascii_ident.rs b/c2rust-refactor/tests/snapshots/reorganize_non_ascii_ident.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ed436addd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/c2rust-refactor/tests/snapshots/reorganize_non_ascii_ident.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#![feature(register_tool)]
+#![register_tool(c2rust)]
+#![allow(non_camel_case_types)]
+#![allow(dead_code)]
+
+pub mod a {
+    #[c2rust::header_src = "/home/user/some/workspace/ü.h:1"]
+    pub mod ü_h {
+        #[c2rust::src_loc = "2:0"]
+        #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+        #[repr(C)]
+        pub struct thing {
+            pub x: i32,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn go() -> i32 {
+        let t = ü_h::thing { x: 1 };
+        t.x
+    }
+}
+
+pub mod é {
+    #[c2rust::header_src = "/home/user/some/workspace/é.h:3"]
+    pub mod é_h {
+        #[c2rust::src_loc = "4:0"]
+        #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+        #[repr(C)]
+        pub struct other {
+            pub y: i32,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn go() -> i32 {
+        let o = é_h::other { y: 2 };
+        o.y
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() {}
diff --git a/c2rust-refactor/tests/snapshots/snapshots__refactor-reorganize_definitions-reorganize_non_ascii_ident.rs.snap b/c2rust-refactor/tests/snapshots/snapshots__refactor-reorganize_definitions-reorganize_non_ascii_ident.rs.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..85866c767d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/c2rust-refactor/tests/snapshots/snapshots__refactor-reorganize_definitions-reorganize_non_ascii_ident.rs.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+---
+source: c2rust-refactor/tests/snapshots.rs
+expression: c2rust-refactor reorganize_definitions --rewrite-mode alongside -- tests/snapshots/reorganize_non_ascii_ident.rs --edition 2021
+---
+#![feature(register_tool)]
+#![register_tool(c2rust)]
+#![allow(non_camel_case_types)]
+#![allow(dead_code)]
+
+pub mod ü_h {
+    #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+    #[repr(C)]
+    pub struct thing {
+        pub x: i32,
+    }
+}
+pub mod a {
+
+    pub fn go() -> i32 {
+        let t = crate::ü_h::thing { x: 1 };
+        t.x
+    }
+}
+
+pub mod é {
+
+    // =============== BEGIN é_h ================
+    #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+    #[repr(C)]
+    pub struct other {
+        pub y: i32,
+    }
+
+    pub fn go() -> i32 {
+        let o = crate::é::other { y: 2 };
+        o.y
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() {}