diff --git a/.github/workflows/acceptance-tests-on-emulator.yaml b/.github/workflows/acceptance-tests-on-emulator.yaml
index 394f9819..f15dfc4a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/acceptance-tests-on-emulator.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/acceptance-tests-on-emulator.yaml
@@ -23,23 +23,23 @@ jobs:
       max-parallel: 4
       matrix:
         ruby: ["3.2", "3.3", "3.4", "4.0"]
-        ar: ["~> 7.0.0", "~> 7.1.0", "~> 7.2.0", "~> 8.0.0", "~> 8.1.0"]
+        ar: ["7.0", "7.1", "7.2", "8.0", "8.1"]
         # Exclude combinations that are not supported.
         exclude:
           - ruby: "3.4"
-            ar: "~> 7.0.0"
+            ar: "7.0"
           - ruby: "3.4"
-            ar: "~> 7.1.0"
+            ar: "7.1"
           - ruby: "3.4"
-            ar: "~> 7.2.0"
+            ar: "7.2"
           - ruby: "4.0"
-            ar: "~> 7.0.0"
+            ar: "7.0"
           - ruby: "4.0"
-            ar: "~> 7.1.0"
+            ar: "7.1"
           - ruby: "4.0"
-            ar: "~> 7.2.0"
+            ar: "7.2"
     env:
-      AR_VERSION: ${{ matrix.ar }}
+      BUNDLE_GEMFILE: ${{ github.workspace }}/gemfiles/${{ matrix.ar }}.gemfile
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
       with:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yaml b/.github/workflows/ci.yaml
index 3d9ac6bf..821ab7e8 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yaml
@@ -15,23 +15,23 @@ jobs:
       max-parallel: 4
       matrix:
         ruby: ["3.2", "3.3", "3.4", "4.0"]
-        ar: ["~> 7.0.0", "~> 7.1.0", "~> 7.2.0", "~> 8.0.0", "~> 8.1.0"]
+        ar: ["7.0", "7.1", "7.2", "8.0", "8.1"]
         # Exclude combinations that are not supported.
         exclude:
           - ruby: "3.4"
-            ar: "~> 7.0.0"
+            ar: "7.0"
           - ruby: "3.4"
-            ar: "~> 7.1.0"
+            ar: "7.1"
           - ruby: "3.4"
-            ar: "~> 7.2.0"
+            ar: "7.2"
           - ruby: "4.0"
-            ar: "~> 7.0.0"
+            ar: "7.0"
           - ruby: "4.0"
-            ar: "~> 7.1.0"
+            ar: "7.1"
           - ruby: "4.0"
-            ar: "~> 7.2.0"
+            ar: "7.2"
     env:
-      AR_VERSION: ${{ matrix.ar }}
+      BUNDLE_GEMFILE: ${{ github.workspace }}/gemfiles/${{ matrix.ar }}.gemfile
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
       with:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/nightly-acceptance-tests-on-emulator.yaml b/.github/workflows/nightly-acceptance-tests-on-emulator.yaml
index 86df6d2f..bf853f5b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/nightly-acceptance-tests-on-emulator.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/nightly-acceptance-tests-on-emulator.yaml
@@ -23,23 +23,23 @@ jobs:
       max-parallel: 4
       matrix:
         ruby: ["3.2", "3.3", "3.4", "4.0"]
-        ar: ["~> 7.0.0", "~> 7.1.0", "~> 7.2.0", "~> 8.0.0", "~> 8.1.0"]
+        ar: ["7.0", "7.1", "7.2", "8.0", "8.1"]
         # Exclude combinations that are not supported.
         exclude:
           - ruby: "3.4"
-            ar: "~> 7.0.0"
+            ar: "7.0"
           - ruby: "3.4"
-            ar: "~> 7.1.0"
+            ar: "7.1"
           - ruby: "3.4"
-            ar: "~> 7.2.0"
+            ar: "7.2"
           - ruby: "4.0"
-            ar: "~> 7.0.0"
+            ar: "7.0"
           - ruby: "4.0"
-            ar: "~> 7.1.0"
+            ar: "7.1"
           - ruby: "4.0"
-            ar: "~> 7.2.0"
+            ar: "7.2"
     env:
-      AR_VERSION: ${{ matrix.ar }}
+      BUNDLE_GEMFILE: ${{ github.workspace }}/gemfiles/${{ matrix.ar }}.gemfile
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
       with:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/nightly-unit-tests.yaml b/.github/workflows/nightly-unit-tests.yaml
index d32c1f9e..c43f1c5d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/nightly-unit-tests.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/nightly-unit-tests.yaml
@@ -16,23 +16,23 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         # Run acceptance tests all supported combinations of Ruby and ActiveRecord.
         ruby: ["3.2", "3.3", "3.4", "4.0"]
-        ar: ["~> 7.0.0", "~> 7.1.0", "~> 7.2.0", "~> 8.0.0", "~> 8.1.0"]
+        ar: ["7.0", "7.1", "7.2", "8.0", "8.1"]
         # Exclude combinations that are not supported.
         exclude:
           - ruby: "3.4"
-            ar: "~> 7.0.0"
+            ar: "7.0"
           - ruby: "3.4"
-            ar: "~> 7.1.0"
+            ar: "7.1"
           - ruby: "3.4"
-            ar: "~> 7.2.0"
+            ar: "7.2"
           - ruby: "4.0"
-            ar: "~> 7.0.0"
+            ar: "7.0"
           - ruby: "4.0"
-            ar: "~> 7.1.0"
+            ar: "7.1"
           - ruby: "4.0"
-            ar: "~> 7.2.0"
+            ar: "7.2"
     env:
-      AR_VERSION: ${{ matrix.ar }}
+      BUNDLE_GEMFILE: ${{ github.workspace }}/gemfiles/${{ matrix.ar }}.gemfile
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
       with:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/samples.yaml b/.github/workflows/samples.yaml
index 952ce947..97cf4d5a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/samples.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/samples.yaml
@@ -13,23 +13,23 @@ jobs:
       max-parallel: 4
       matrix:
         ruby: ["3.2", "3.3", "3.4", "4.0"]
-        ar: ["~> 7.0.0", "~> 7.1.0", "~> 7.2.0", "~> 8.0.0"]
+        ar: ["7.0", "7.1", "7.2", "8.0"]
         # Exclude combinations that are not supported.
         exclude:
           - ruby: "3.4"
-            ar: "~> 7.0.0"
+            ar: "7.0"
           - ruby: "3.4"
-            ar: "~> 7.1.0"
+            ar: "7.1"
           - ruby: "3.4"
-            ar: "~> 7.2.0"
+            ar: "7.2"
           - ruby: "4.0"
-            ar: "~> 7.0.0"
+            ar: "7.0"
           - ruby: "4.0"
-            ar: "~> 7.1.0"
+            ar: "7.1"
           - ruby: "4.0"
-            ar: "~> 7.2.0"
+            ar: "7.2"
     env:
-      AR_VERSION: ${{ matrix.ar }}
+      BUNDLE_GEMFILE: ${{ github.workspace }}/gemfiles/${{ matrix.ar }}.gemfile
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
       with:
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index d79850ac..f5d0f379 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -52,7 +52,6 @@ build-iPhoneSimulator/
 
 # for a library or gem, you might want to ignore these files since the code is
 # intended to run in multiple environments; otherwise, check them in:
-Gemfile.lock
 .ruby-version
 .ruby-gemset
 
diff --git a/.rubocop.yml b/.rubocop.yml
index 76e6a9e5..de9b26ae 100644
--- a/.rubocop.yml
+++ b/.rubocop.yml
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ inherit_gem:
 AllCops:
   Exclude:
     - "activerecord-spanner-adapter.gemspec"
+    - "Appraisals"
     - "Gemfile"
+    - "gemfiles/*"
     - "Rakefile"
     - "bin/*"
     - "test/**/*"
diff --git a/Appraisals b/Appraisals
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5b8ed729
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Appraisals
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+appraise "7.0" do
+  gem "activerecord", "~> 7.0.0"
+  gem "composite_primary_keys" unless ENV["SKIP_COMPOSITE_PK"]
+end
+
+appraise "7.1" do
+  gem "activerecord", "~> 7.1.0"
+end
+
+appraise "7.2" do
+  gem "activerecord", "~> 7.2.0"
+end
+
+appraise "8.0" do
+  gem "activerecord", "~> 8.0.0"
+end
+
+appraise "8.1" do
+  gem "activerecord", "~> 8.1.0"
+end
diff --git a/Gemfile b/Gemfile
index b2a32768..76f7f53e 100644
--- a/Gemfile
+++ b/Gemfile
@@ -3,29 +3,26 @@ source "https://rubygems.org"
 # Specify your gem's dependencies in activerecord-spanner.gemspec
 gemspec
 
-ar_version = ENV.fetch("AR_VERSION", "~> 7.1.0")
-gem "activerecord", ar_version
-gem "ostruct"
+unless ENV["APPRAISAL_INITIALIZED"] || ENV["APPRAISAL_UNDER_TEST"] || (ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] && ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"].include?("gemfiles/"))
+  ar_version = ENV.fetch("AR_VERSION", "~> 7.1.0")
+  gem "activerecord", ar_version
+end
+gem "docker-api"
+gem "irb"
 gem "minitest", "~> 5.27.0"
 gem "minitest-rg", "~> 5.4.0"
+gem "mutex_m"
+gem "ostruct"
 gem "pry", "~> 0.16.0"
 gem "pry-byebug", "~> 3.12.0"
 gem "readline"
-gem "mutex_m"
-gem "irb"
+gem "sinatra-activerecord"
 # Add sqlite3 for testing for compatibility with other adapters.
-gem 'sqlite3'
+gem "sqlite3"
 
 # Required for samples and testing.
-install_if -> { ar_version.dup.to_s.sub("~>", "").strip < "7.1.0" && !ENV["SKIP_COMPOSITE_PK"] } do
-  gem "composite_primary_keys"
-end
-
-# Required for samples
-gem "docker-api"
-gem "sinatra-activerecord"
-
-# Force google-protobuf to compile from source to avoid ABI issues in CI
-if ENV["CI"]
-  gem "google-protobuf", force_ruby_platform: true
+unless ENV["APPRAISAL_INITIALIZED"] || ENV["APPRAISAL_UNDER_TEST"] || (ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] && ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"].include?("gemfiles/"))
+  if ar_version.dup.to_s.sub("~>", "").strip < "7.1.0" && !ENV["SKIP_COMPOSITE_PK"]
+    gem "composite_primary_keys"
+  end
 end
diff --git a/Gemfile.lock b/Gemfile.lock
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c1b9b121
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Gemfile.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,480 @@
+PATH
+  remote: .
+  specs:
+    activerecord-spanner-adapter (2.6.0)
+      activerecord (>= 7.0, < 9)
+      google-cloud-spanner (~> 2.25)
+      google-cloud-spanner-v1 (~> 1.7)
+
+GEM
+  remote: https://rubygems.org/
+  specs:
+    activemodel (7.1.6)
+      activesupport (= 7.1.6)
+    activerecord (7.1.6)
+      activemodel (= 7.1.6)
+      activesupport (= 7.1.6)
+      timeout (>= 0.4.0)
+    activesupport (7.1.6)
+      base64
+      benchmark (>= 0.3)
+      bigdecimal
+      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.2)
+      connection_pool (>= 2.2.5)
+      drb
+      i18n (>= 1.6, < 2)
+      logger (>= 1.4.2)
+      minitest (>= 5.1)
+      mutex_m
+      securerandom (>= 0.3)
+      tzinfo (~> 2.0)
+    addressable (2.9.0)
+      public_suffix (>= 2.0.2, < 8.0)
+    appraisal (2.5.0)
+      bundler
+      rake
+      thor (>= 0.14.0)
+    ast (2.4.3)
+    autotest-suffix (1.1.0)
+    base64 (0.3.0)
+    benchmark (0.5.0)
+    bigdecimal (3.3.1)
+    byebug (13.0.0)
+      reline (>= 0.6.0)
+    coderay (1.1.3)
+    concurrent-ruby (1.3.8)
+    connection_pool (3.0.2)
+    docile (1.4.1)
+    docker-api (2.4.0)
+      excon (>= 0.64.0)
+      multi_json
+    drb (2.2.3)
+    erb (6.0.6)
+    excon (1.6.0)
+      logger
+    faraday (2.14.3)
+      faraday-net_http (>= 2.0, < 3.5)
+      json
+      logger
+    faraday-net_http (3.4.4)
+      net-http (~> 0.5)
+    faraday-retry (2.4.0)
+      faraday (~> 2.0)
+    gapic-common (1.3.0)
+      faraday (>= 1.9, < 3.a)
+      faraday-retry (>= 1.0, < 3.a)
+      google-cloud-env (~> 2.2)
+      google-logging-utils (~> 0.1)
+      google-protobuf (~> 4.26)
+      googleapis-common-protos (~> 1.6)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.15)
+      googleauth (~> 1.12)
+      grpc (~> 1.66)
+    google-cloud-core (1.9.0)
+      google-cloud-env (>= 1.0, < 3.a)
+      google-cloud-errors (~> 1.0)
+    google-cloud-env (2.4.0)
+      base64 (~> 0.2)
+      faraday (>= 1.0, < 3.a)
+    google-cloud-errors (1.7.0)
+    google-cloud-spanner (2.36.0)
+      bigdecimal (~> 3.0)
+      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
+      google-cloud-core (~> 1.7)
+      google-cloud-spanner-admin-database-v1 (~> 1.4)
+      google-cloud-spanner-admin-instance-v1 (~> 1.6)
+      google-cloud-spanner-v1 (~> 1.6)
+    google-cloud-spanner-admin-database-v1 (1.6.1)
+      gapic-common (>= 0.25.0, < 2.a)
+      google-cloud-errors (~> 1.0)
+      grpc-google-iam-v1 (~> 1.1)
+    google-cloud-spanner-admin-instance-v1 (1.6.0)
+      gapic-common (>= 0.25.0, < 2.a)
+      google-cloud-errors (~> 1.0)
+      grpc-google-iam-v1 (~> 1.1)
+    google-cloud-spanner-v1 (1.19.0)
+      gapic-common (~> 1.3)
+      google-cloud-errors (~> 1.0)
+    google-logging-utils (0.2.0)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1-aarch64-linux-gnu)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1-aarch64-linux-musl)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1-arm64-darwin)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1-x86-linux-gnu)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1-x86-linux-musl)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1-x86_64-darwin)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1-x86_64-linux-gnu)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1-x86_64-linux-musl)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-style (1.32.0)
+      rubocop (~> 1.76)
+    googleapis-common-protos (1.10.0)
+      google-protobuf (~> 4.26)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.21)
+      grpc (~> 1.41)
+    googleapis-common-protos-types (1.23.0)
+      google-protobuf (~> 4.26)
+    googleauth (1.17.3)
+      faraday (>= 1.0, < 3.a)
+      google-cloud-env (~> 2.2)
+      google-logging-utils (~> 0.1)
+      jwt (>= 1.4, < 4.0)
+      os (>= 0.9, < 2.0)
+      pstore (~> 0.1)
+      signet (>= 0.16, < 2.a)
+    grpc (1.83.0)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc (1.83.0-aarch64-linux-gnu)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc (1.83.0-aarch64-linux-musl)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc (1.83.0-arm64-darwin)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc (1.83.0-x86-linux-gnu)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc (1.83.0-x86-linux-musl)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc (1.83.0-x86_64-darwin)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc (1.83.0-x86_64-linux-gnu)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc (1.83.0-x86_64-linux-musl)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc-google-iam-v1 (1.10.0)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.18, < 5.a)
+      googleapis-common-protos (~> 1.4)
+      grpc (~> 1.41)
+    i18n (1.15.2)
+      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
+    io-console (0.8.2)
+    irb (1.18.0)
+      pp (>= 0.6.0)
+      prism (>= 1.3.0)
+      rdoc (>= 4.0.0)
+      reline (>= 0.4.2)
+    json (2.21.2)
+    jwt (3.2.0)
+      base64
+    language_server-protocol (3.17.0.6)
+    lint_roller (1.1.0)
+    logger (1.7.0)
+    method_source (1.1.0)
+    minitest (5.27.0)
+    minitest-autotest (1.2.0)
+      minitest-server (~> 1.0)
+      path_expander (~> 2.0)
+    minitest-focus (1.4.1)
+      minitest (> 5.0)
+    minitest-rg (5.4.0)
+      minitest (>= 5.0, < 7)
+    minitest-server (1.0.10)
+      drb (~> 2.0)
+      minitest (~> 5.16)
+    multi_json (1.21.1)
+    mustermann (3.1.1)
+    mutex_m (0.3.0)
+    net-http (0.9.1)
+      uri (>= 0.11.1)
+    os (1.1.4)
+    ostruct (0.6.3)
+    parallel (1.28.0)
+    parser (3.3.12.0)
+      ast (~> 2.4.1)
+      racc
+    path_expander (2.0.1)
+    pp (0.6.4)
+      prettyprint
+    prettyprint (0.2.0)
+    prism (1.9.0)
+    pry (0.16.0)
+      coderay (~> 1.1)
+      method_source (~> 1.0)
+      reline (>= 0.6.0)
+    pry-byebug (3.12.0)
+      byebug (~> 13.0)
+      pry (>= 0.13, < 0.17)
+    pstore (0.2.1)
+    public_suffix (7.0.5)
+    racc (1.8.1)
+    rack (3.2.6)
+    rack-protection (4.2.1)
+      base64 (>= 0.1.0)
+      logger (>= 1.6.0)
+      rack (>= 3.0.0, < 4)
+    rack-session (2.1.2)
+      base64 (>= 0.1.0)
+      rack (>= 3.0.0)
+    rainbow (3.1.1)
+    rake (13.4.2)
+    rbs (4.1.1)
+      logger
+      prism (>= 1.6.0)
+      tsort
+    rdoc (8.0.0)
+      erb
+      prism (>= 1.6.0)
+      rbs (>= 4.0.0)
+      tsort
+    readline (0.0.4)
+      reline
+    redcarpet (3.6.1)
+    regexp_parser (2.12.0)
+    reline (0.6.3)
+      io-console (~> 0.5)
+    rubocop (1.88.2)
+      json (~> 2.3)
+      language_server-protocol (~> 3.17.0.2)
+      lint_roller (~> 1.1.0)
+      parallel (>= 1.10)
+      parser (>= 3.3.0.2)
+      rainbow (>= 2.2.2, < 4.0)
+      regexp_parser (>= 2.9.3, < 3.0)
+      rubocop-ast (>= 1.49.0, < 2.0)
+      ruby-progressbar (~> 1.7)
+      unicode-display_width (>= 2.4.0, < 4.0)
+    rubocop-ast (1.50.0)
+      parser (>= 3.3.7.2)
+      prism (~> 1.7)
+    ruby-progressbar (1.13.0)
+    securerandom (0.4.1)
+    signet (0.22.0)
+      addressable (~> 2.8)
+      faraday (>= 0.17.5, < 3.a)
+      jwt (>= 1.5, < 4.0)
+    simplecov (0.22.0)
+      docile (~> 1.1)
+      simplecov-html (~> 0.11)
+      simplecov_json_formatter (~> 0.1)
+    simplecov-html (0.13.2)
+    simplecov_json_formatter (0.1.4)
+    sinatra (4.2.1)
+      logger (>= 1.6.0)
+      mustermann (~> 3.0)
+      rack (>= 3.0.0, < 4)
+      rack-protection (= 4.2.1)
+      rack-session (>= 2.0.0, < 3)
+      tilt (~> 2.0)
+    sinatra-activerecord (2.0.28)
+      activerecord (>= 4.1)
+      sinatra (>= 1.0)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-aarch64-linux-gnu)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-aarch64-linux-musl)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-arm-linux-gnu)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-arm-linux-musl)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-arm64-darwin)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86-linux-gnu)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86-linux-musl)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86_64-darwin)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86_64-linux-gnu)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86_64-linux-musl)
+    thor (1.5.0)
+    tilt (2.8.0)
+    timeout (0.6.1)
+    tsort (0.2.0)
+    tzinfo (2.0.6)
+      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
+    unicode-display_width (3.2.0)
+      unicode-emoji (~> 4.1)
+    unicode-emoji (4.2.0)
+    uri (1.1.1)
+    yard (0.9.45)
+    yard-doctest (0.1.17)
+      minitest
+      yard
+
+PLATFORMS
+  aarch64-linux-gnu
+  aarch64-linux-musl
+  arm-linux-gnu
+  arm-linux-musl
+  arm64-darwin
+  x86-linux-gnu
+  x86-linux-musl
+  x86_64-darwin
+  x86_64-linux-gnu
+  x86_64-linux-musl
+
+DEPENDENCIES
+  activerecord (~> 7.1.0)
+  activerecord-spanner-adapter!
+  appraisal (~> 2.5)
+  autotest-suffix (~> 1.1)
+  bundler (>= 2.0, < 5.0)
+  docker-api
+  google-style (~> 1.32.0)
+  irb
+  minitest (~> 5.27.0, ~> 5.10)
+  minitest-autotest (~> 1.0)
+  minitest-focus (~> 1.1)
+  minitest-rg (~> 5.4.0, ~> 5.4)
+  mutex_m
+  ostruct
+  pry (~> 0.16.0)
+  pry-byebug (~> 3.12.0)
+  rake (~> 13.0)
+  readline
+  redcarpet (~> 3.0)
+  simplecov (~> 0.9)
+  sinatra-activerecord
+  sqlite3
+  yard (~> 0.9)
+  yard-doctest (~> 0.1.13)
+
+CHECKSUMS
+  activemodel (7.1.6) sha256=f72f510018a560b5969e3ffc88214441ff09eed60b310feba678a597b2a2e721
+  activerecord (7.1.6) sha256=1aa298cd7fc97ed8639ebb05a46bd17243a1218d89945bdc2bac1e61e673f079
+  activerecord-spanner-adapter (2.6.0)
+  activesupport (7.1.6) sha256=7f12140a813b1c4922a322663e547129aef1840fc512fa262378f6d7e7fd3a7c
+  addressable (2.9.0) sha256=7fdf6ac3660f7f4e867a0838be3f6cf722ace541dd97767fa42bc6cfa980c7af
+  appraisal (2.5.0) sha256=36989221be127913b0dba8d114da2001e6b2dceea7bd4951200eaba764eed3ce
+  ast (2.4.3) sha256=954615157c1d6a382bc27d690d973195e79db7f55e9765ac7c481c60bdb4d383
+  autotest-suffix (1.1.0) sha256=9bb29331b7b66a9659b01ef10839bd61fc1a6e95477c8ea710bd01e10c380977
+  base64 (0.3.0) sha256=27337aeabad6ffae05c265c450490628ef3ebd4b67be58257393227588f5a97b
+  benchmark (0.5.0) sha256=465df122341aedcb81a2a24b4d3bd19b6c67c1530713fd533f3ff034e419236c
+  bigdecimal (3.3.1) sha256=eaa01e228be54c4f9f53bf3cc34fe3d5e845c31963e7fcc5bedb05a4e7d52218
+  bundler (4.0.14) sha256=d09a0a965cf772266a7e49e83610be7c2f4e49e61134c42a56804bb383cc24b8
+  byebug (13.0.0) sha256=d2263efe751941ca520fa29744b71972d39cbc41839496706f5d9b22e92ae05d
+  coderay (1.1.3) sha256=dc530018a4684512f8f38143cd2a096c9f02a1fc2459edcfe534787a7fc77d4b
+  concurrent-ruby (1.3.8) sha256=b2f1be836e968ccc78ccfce277ea79c72a88633f22306782c16ff23fb415d1e1
+  connection_pool (3.0.2) sha256=33fff5ba71a12d2aa26cb72b1db8bba2a1a01823559fb01d29eb74c286e62e0a
+  docile (1.4.1) sha256=96159be799bfa73cdb721b840e9802126e4e03dfc26863db73647204c727f21e
+  docker-api (2.4.0) sha256=824be734f4cc8718189be9c8e795b6414acbbf7e8b082a06f959a27dd8dd63e6
+  drb (2.2.3) sha256=0b00d6fdb50995fe4a45dea13663493c841112e4068656854646f418fda13373
+  erb (6.0.6) sha256=a9b24986700f5bf127c4f297c5403c3ca41b83b0a316c0cd09a096b56e644ae5
+  excon (1.6.0) sha256=ebe2ab83c055ef8e117c62c91a3535b966a59a64868188219d49ab90cd83b65f
+  faraday (2.14.3) sha256=1882247e6766615c8220b4392bf1d27f6ebb63d8e28267587cef1fb0bf37f278
+  faraday-net_http (3.4.4) sha256=0e78af151747ed1b00f33e25973b4bc220d7f16c00c39676817c8b12331eb588
+  faraday-retry (2.4.0) sha256=7b79c48fb7e56526faf247b12d94a680071ff40c9fda7cf1ec1549439ad11ebe
+  gapic-common (1.3.0) sha256=4e5d9be1effb7366e2cda13c0f44922285d5613ac8de8b9b18c2c835fe4faa91
+  google-cloud-core (1.9.0) sha256=ab55409f51488e8deefb6edcc1ce4771dfb5da2fe7b3bc075709a030c2b682a4
+  google-cloud-env (2.4.0) sha256=01cb35ecee5d1c4d1cd4deaed8bb5bddc838e296bcc2a35c5d1ddd07ce40d28d
+  google-cloud-errors (1.7.0) sha256=6e682f42d89aae08689f36f28495de629d756da076bafff0003bac7f8042ebb3
+  google-cloud-spanner (2.36.0) sha256=91abbf55d6ce8e054edd838977a907152ff9ff491f34690409bbe6b9a82c0c5c
+  google-cloud-spanner-admin-database-v1 (1.6.1) sha256=6b8758e4def80d69e9ee64a42078d3a59ab028a638f7a849abd8130cf85add9b
+  google-cloud-spanner-admin-instance-v1 (1.6.0) sha256=1775b56518665854b27af393378761e6ff9b12156d746168df7bb14ce0138d54
+  google-cloud-spanner-v1 (1.19.0) sha256=f5b03cdd753f70e0977c3f71a7fc61ff0f188957f8dda54a289fd8dc09c4b1bd
+  google-logging-utils (0.2.0) sha256=675462b4ea5affa825a3442694ca2d75d0069455a1d0956127207498fca3df7b
+  google-protobuf (4.35.1) sha256=a3a6471331d918f58dfa4d014a8f6286f0af2cf4840216bde52fcf2ea3fe3726
+  google-protobuf (4.35.1-aarch64-linux-gnu) sha256=50ca44d0eeff3f8475e630a1accdd974256f3510694d574e2c9d6119ea8bc9e1
+  google-protobuf (4.35.1-aarch64-linux-musl) sha256=d5c65cef6bd6498a9e5ed5f88cf6cf7e341c10b0a005e32137d5d1a2b6e8c18a
+  google-protobuf (4.35.1-arm64-darwin) sha256=d9c957df04fa89c749fa9a72a7b383eb4296efc9b2303dc6fd6fbe39c698ad6b
+  google-protobuf (4.35.1-x86-linux-gnu) sha256=cc7492566b27ad8b5dfa3a7b6f9b11e905050cc53c2fa8ff22de375a9e7a70fb
+  google-protobuf (4.35.1-x86-linux-musl) sha256=ab403790b59e4dc588ffbed1eaacf05d4ca2f0d12ac9c13d6c64e69380d8c99e
+  google-protobuf (4.35.1-x86_64-darwin) sha256=66b62b4df00931018a692806df66393efa960d6d2b7da69735187249f950d3ee
+  google-protobuf (4.35.1-x86_64-linux-gnu) sha256=c786439087512a3fbd199e9897d265b855f951d4027e218ea55e858d45969edd
+  google-protobuf (4.35.1-x86_64-linux-musl) sha256=91890eb0002934a339fdb7d77a147c46b7474b6799db27872b747b905837f744
+  google-style (1.32.0) sha256=3b13068979e5b8caa067ecce9bf818b6cf0e5eb706ead41c5b905f237d9bfb01
+  googleapis-common-protos (1.10.0) sha256=13e47ad0ce85d3d30065c03863efd302a82b0e08ba576f2a9b9dbbfeecb57ee0
+  googleapis-common-protos-types (1.23.0) sha256=992e740a523794d9fc5f29a504465d8fc737aaa16c930fe7228e3346860faf0a
+  googleauth (1.17.3) sha256=9a655455885c0c17a8b70537acd2a992a7c7842c43c06c6612dfb0d93e755d58
+  grpc (1.83.0) sha256=38119e7f9f7cbc98e79145201da4be470a7542b0befad454651d35015ea55c59
+  grpc (1.83.0-aarch64-linux-gnu) sha256=11562efdded494b2277fd9c3c530dfdf90177faa111526ae9e748d0be29f1a9d
+  grpc (1.83.0-aarch64-linux-musl) sha256=ee745eab4f3922ed27d379cbc4bc0a99e58db367fa96312e9fe258aafd3afeb2
+  grpc (1.83.0-arm64-darwin) sha256=25dd772aa80529f014d70da069787cd39b469c9edacbe493da4ff19952a147e2
+  grpc (1.83.0-x86-linux-gnu) sha256=e9b20f54b8e8915f3921f12b266742e79da2c31d60e88295e15d0d16ea3cfd55
+  grpc (1.83.0-x86-linux-musl) sha256=868e66d9c2a77eca1a93292fd879565219821fb5888673aedd08154303c9520c
+  grpc (1.83.0-x86_64-darwin) sha256=cfad91d559d1907159a5247fb12dc112a8ea0ebe2027ca7f5ab648d01a645716
+  grpc (1.83.0-x86_64-linux-gnu) sha256=25d66bfa3cb1b05258b3f9632478c7e7ceb52cb16ccc0b4b26d7df36be7158b1
+  grpc (1.83.0-x86_64-linux-musl) sha256=a5023264dbb8038c23b147bbf80adb06932ef11b5ab493412e9e37a43114fa8c
+  grpc-google-iam-v1 (1.10.0) sha256=13a4ace4f7495b913f202880a5431f7e53633af3dd6d7df8c4224bd2dac23a9a
+  i18n (1.15.2) sha256=00f9eb62412fe593b2a65a97daa75300d37abb8f7202ec748e94b6d46a9dd1b5
+  io-console (0.8.2) sha256=d6e3ae7a7cc7574f4b8893b4fca2162e57a825b223a177b7afa236c5ef9814cc
+  irb (1.18.0) sha256=de9454a0703a54704b9811a5ef31a60c86949fbf4013fcf244fabc7c775248e3
+  json (2.21.2) sha256=1f1d3b7cf2b3ba1a69beca0bb6db13d5438b80bff3cd54cdaaa620b9b07c1c6a
+  jwt (3.2.0) sha256=5419b1fe37b1da0982bd07051f573a8b8789ab724c2aa7e785e4784a3ed217d7
+  language_server-protocol (3.17.0.6) sha256=5ef2c0c138f8267e1bc631d3328347d354f96724b0af22f2c79516120443b7f0
+  lint_roller (1.1.0) sha256=2c0c845b632a7d172cb849cc90c1bce937a28c5c8ccccb50dfd46a485003cc87
+  logger (1.7.0) sha256=196edec7cc44b66cfb40f9755ce11b392f21f7967696af15d274dde7edff0203
+  method_source (1.1.0) sha256=181301c9c45b731b4769bc81e8860e72f9161ad7d66dd99103c9ab84f560f5c5
+  minitest (5.27.0) sha256=2d3b17f8a36fe7801c1adcffdbc38233b938eb0b4966e97a6739055a45fa77d5
+  minitest-autotest (1.2.0) sha256=60d031cba705215450662b0060f03f96507682b346a19c27f6756751ad92d2b4
+  minitest-focus (1.4.1) sha256=394517cbe2dcb2d992d8ffc41a3b2b6315777a4daa69239de4fefe7110dd810e
+  minitest-rg (5.4.0) sha256=54d42bb8ce876381245be5866f3c1dd704ef79c06ba5c9ff280c0aa28c56effb
+  minitest-server (1.0.10) sha256=275439bf3ffc433fcbe161733248f1d9749ebf122892cf010bf864aaa95cef75
+  multi_json (1.21.1) sha256=e6126a31808e3b4d19f483c775ceac34df190dffa62adfb63a165ee14ba68080
+  mustermann (3.1.1) sha256=4c6170c7234d5499c345562ba7c7dfe73e1754286dcc1abb053064d66a127198
+  mutex_m (0.3.0) sha256=cfcb04ac16b69c4813777022fdceda24e9f798e48092a2b817eb4c0a782b0751
+  net-http (0.9.1) sha256=25ba0b67c63e89df626ed8fac771d0ad24ad151a858af2cc8e6a716ca4336996
+  os (1.1.4) sha256=57816d6a334e7bd6aed048f4b0308226c5fb027433b67d90a9ab435f35108d3f
+  ostruct (0.6.3) sha256=95a2ed4a4bd1d190784e666b47b2d3f078e4a9efda2fccf18f84ddc6538ed912
+  parallel (1.28.0) sha256=33e6de1484baf2524792d178b0913fc8eb94c628d6cfe45599ad4458c638c970
+  parser (3.3.12.0) sha256=21a6d7f755d5a24dfbdc6e6b772e4e879a52e7631a88bc5a3a134606052c9828
+  path_expander (2.0.1) sha256=2de201164bff4719cc4d0b3767286e9977cc832a59c4d70abab571ec86cb41e4
+  pp (0.6.4) sha256=dfcb0fce700c41456265922884f9fe195d7fbb0674a3578e6c0f69588e82b570
+  prettyprint (0.2.0) sha256=2bc9e15581a94742064a3cc8b0fb9d45aae3d03a1baa6ef80922627a0766f193
+  prism (1.9.0) sha256=7b530c6a9f92c24300014919c9dcbc055bf4cdf51ec30aed099b06cd6674ef85
+  pry (0.16.0) sha256=d76c69065698ed1f85e717bd33d7942c38a50868f6b0673c636192b3d1b6054e
+  pry-byebug (3.12.0) sha256=594e094ae8a8390a7ad4c7b36ae36e13304ed02664c67417d108dc5f7213d1b7
+  pstore (0.2.1) sha256=03904d0f2c66579e96d1e6704cdabc0c88df7ea8ed8782d9f3569f6f6c702c1a
+  public_suffix (7.0.5) sha256=1a8bb08f1bbea19228d3bed6e5ed908d1cb4f7c2726d18bd9cadf60bc676f623
+  racc (1.8.1) sha256=4a7f6929691dbec8b5209a0b373bc2614882b55fc5d2e447a21aaa691303d62f
+  rack (3.2.6) sha256=5ed78e1f73b2e25679bec7d45ee2d4483cc4146eb1be0264fc4d94cb5ef212c2
+  rack-protection (4.2.1) sha256=cf6e2842df8c55f5e4d1a4be015e603e19e9bc3a7178bae58949ccbb58558bac
+  rack-session (2.1.2) sha256=595434f8c0c3473ae7d7ac56ecda6cc6dfd9d37c0b2b5255330aa1576967ffe8
+  rainbow (3.1.1) sha256=039491aa3a89f42efa1d6dec2fc4e62ede96eb6acd95e52f1ad581182b79bc6a
+  rake (13.4.2) sha256=cb825b2bd5f1f8e91ca37bddb4b9aaf345551b4731da62949be002fa89283701
+  rbs (4.1.1) sha256=1bf118f2f95d1cd3956357645d495152b661e0257e57781d18ceecd461622b9e
+  rdoc (8.0.0) sha256=03bf8c08a9639658855a0cfd77c0abca8325c227693f7f33f82957811348c469
+  readline (0.0.4) sha256=6138eef17be2b98298b672c3ea63bf9cb5158d401324f26e1e84f235879c1d6a
+  redcarpet (3.6.1) sha256=d444910e6aa55480c6bcdc0cdb057626e8a32c054c29e793fa642ba2f155f445
+  regexp_parser (2.12.0) sha256=35a916a1d63190ab5c9009457136ae5f3c0c7512d60291d0d1378ba18ce08ebb
+  reline (0.6.3) sha256=1198b04973565b36ec0f11542ab3f5cfeeec34823f4e54cebde90968092b1835
+  rubocop (1.88.2) sha256=8def251c90cd955feb4daa3edc0ab56893250c4ce90ef81e6c80c03f9a939bbf
+  rubocop-ast (1.50.0) sha256=b9ca88300da0803ee222ad20cdb30494c0a784eed06fdc35d254b06d662788db
+  ruby-progressbar (1.13.0) sha256=80fc9c47a9b640d6834e0dc7b3c94c9df37f08cb072b7761e4a71e22cff29b33
+  securerandom (0.4.1) sha256=cc5193d414a4341b6e225f0cb4446aceca8e50d5e1888743fac16987638ea0b1
+  signet (0.22.0) sha256=b76d495ccb07ad35dbc89f3e920665a9d8ed717141955034005d7843dcfe4780
+  simplecov (0.22.0) sha256=fe2622c7834ff23b98066bb0a854284b2729a569ac659f82621fc22ef36213a5
+  simplecov-html (0.13.2) sha256=bd0b8e54e7c2d7685927e8d6286466359b6f16b18cb0df47b508e8d73c777246
+  simplecov_json_formatter (0.1.4) sha256=529418fbe8de1713ac2b2d612aa3daa56d316975d307244399fa4838c601b428
+  sinatra (4.2.1) sha256=b7aeb9b11d046b552972ade834f1f9be98b185fa8444480688e3627625377080
+  sinatra-activerecord (2.0.28) sha256=99f352c2dfa244d02b4f877efbe00135360b758390b8bb7bc2d4d91171c93811
+  sqlite3 (2.9.5-aarch64-linux-gnu) sha256=78075b6337d3d182c6d2b4691049ed45cd220826160c9ea18946bf6a1de200dc
+  sqlite3 (2.9.5-aarch64-linux-musl) sha256=18c801185deb4adc01ddb281e8f672a39e3d1729979ca91e39439cd3eac0402d
+  sqlite3 (2.9.5-arm-linux-gnu) sha256=1bdfca0c7d63998c60b0f4a8e3c8df2d33800ccc4abd2d612eddbbbc92a4c48b
+  sqlite3 (2.9.5-arm-linux-musl) sha256=bae1109d12b2e9f588455967729b008e1ff4feb7761749df695019c9079913c6
+  sqlite3 (2.9.5-arm64-darwin) sha256=d0cf444a70fc9395d513cfbcc1e6719e224aa645314e3824cb0474c721425aa2
+  sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86-linux-gnu) sha256=c94b96b16f17796be6fa099d15218b52e396f55690c4760faaaefa21ebab9dd5
+  sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86-linux-musl) sha256=063a8c13cbadfe7f29453b1706cbdf91fca4a78d244f816ff20bac4fb259f1e4
+  sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86_64-darwin) sha256=8e9caae38bd7ebb29cbeee3e7ab1d12dc2327d9a1b92c7fcf0dda05589627a81
+  sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86_64-linux-gnu) sha256=233dbcb6714148dd23bc5aeb33e8efd6eac974969564ddd5794c23d5f52b231e
+  sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86_64-linux-musl) sha256=e7d3a7474e8af0f96150c21abc203fbab5437206bfcdf11deab7741c0ca516f2
+  thor (1.5.0) sha256=e3a9e55fe857e44859ce104a84675ab6e8cd59c650a49106a05f55f136425e73
+  tilt (2.8.0) sha256=ba472eb2716fe1e04112d6d219a9dae938ec09a6a1e2ad3ecc7922e79bde3721
+  timeout (0.6.1) sha256=78f57368a7e7bbadec56971f78a3f5ecbcfb59b7fcbb0a3ed6ddc08a5094accb
+  tsort (0.2.0) sha256=9650a793f6859a43b6641671278f79cfead60ac714148aabe4e3f0060480089f
+  tzinfo (2.0.6) sha256=8daf828cc77bcf7d63b0e3bdb6caa47e2272dcfaf4fbfe46f8c3a9df087a829b
+  unicode-display_width (3.2.0) sha256=0cdd96b5681a5949cdbc2c55e7b420facae74c4aaf9a9815eee1087cb1853c42
+  unicode-emoji (4.2.0) sha256=519e69150f75652e40bf736106cfbc8f0f73aa3fb6a65afe62fefa7f80b0f80f
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+  yard (0.9.45) sha256=52e211493f7cb8a3ebf7e104a25a1e73937a3103092545d34cb88fafebb3dc51
+  yard-doctest (0.1.17) sha256=7cb35a75d99f58fc42ee72d3542a36e227237b621a40aebc391c95988b72847f
+
+BUNDLED WITH
+  4.0.14
diff --git a/activerecord-spanner-adapter.gemspec b/activerecord-spanner-adapter.gemspec
index 9286c875..0d07f481 100644
--- a/activerecord-spanner-adapter.gemspec
+++ b/activerecord-spanner-adapter.gemspec
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
   spec.add_dependency "google-cloud-spanner-v1", "~> 1.7"
   spec.add_runtime_dependency "activerecord", [">= 7.0", "< 9"]
 
+  spec.add_development_dependency "appraisal", "~> 2.5"
   spec.add_development_dependency "autotest-suffix", "~> 1.1"
   spec.add_development_dependency "bundler", [">= 2.0", "< 5.0"]
   spec.add_development_dependency "google-style", "~> 1.32.0"
diff --git a/examples/snippets/Rakefile b/examples/snippets/Rakefile
index b5b41adf..f264398b 100644
--- a/examples/snippets/Rakefile
+++ b/examples/snippets/Rakefile
@@ -28,13 +28,11 @@ end
 desc "Runs all samples."
 task :all do
   samples = fetch_samples
-  ar_version = ENV.fetch "AR_VERSION", "~> 7.1.0"
-  less_than_7_1 = ar_version.dup.to_s.sub("~>", "").strip < "7.1.0"
+  less_than_7_1 = ActiveRecord.version < Gem::Version.new("7.1.0")
   samples.delete "interleaved-tables" if less_than_7_1
   samples.delete "interleaved-tables-before-7.1" unless less_than_7_1
   samples.delete "bit-reversed-sequence" if less_than_7_1
   samples.delete "auto-generated-primary-key" if less_than_7_1
-  samples.delete "query-logs" if less_than_7_1
   samples.each do |sample|
     run_sample sample
   end
diff --git a/examples/snippets/query-logs/application.rb b/examples/snippets/query-logs/application.rb
index d60ac7a2..4d1ac454 100644
--- a/examples/snippets/query-logs/application.rb
+++ b/examples/snippets/query-logs/application.rb
@@ -55,9 +55,9 @@ def self.enable_query_logs_without_rails
       application:  "example-app",
       action:       "run-test-application",
       pid:          -> { Process.pid.to_s },
-      socket:       ->(context) { context[:connection].pool.db_config.socket },
-      db_host:      ->(context) { context[:connection].pool.db_config.host },
-      database:     ->(context) { context[:connection].pool.db_config.database }
+      socket:       ->(context) { (context[:connection] || ActiveRecord::Base.connection).pool.db_config.socket },
+      db_host:      ->(context) { (context[:connection] || ActiveRecord::Base.connection).pool.db_config.host },
+      database:     ->(context) { (context[:connection] || ActiveRecord::Base.connection).pool.db_config.database }
     }
   end
 end
diff --git a/gemfiles/7.0.gemfile b/gemfiles/7.0.gemfile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6c81b965
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gemfiles/7.0.gemfile
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# This file was generated by Appraisal
+
+source "https://rubygems.org"
+
+gem "activerecord", "~> 7.0.0"
+gem "ostruct"
+gem "minitest", "~> 5.27.0"
+gem "minitest-rg", "~> 5.4.0"
+gem "pry", "~> 0.16.0"
+gem "pry-byebug", "~> 3.12.0"
+gem "readline"
+gem "mutex_m"
+gem "irb"
+gem "sqlite3"
+gem "docker-api"
+gem "sinatra-activerecord"
+gem "composite_primary_keys"
+
+gemspec path: "../"
diff --git a/gemfiles/7.0.gemfile.lock b/gemfiles/7.0.gemfile.lock
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fcec977d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gemfiles/7.0.gemfile.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,387 @@
+PATH
+  remote: ..
+  specs:
+    activerecord-spanner-adapter (2.6.0)
+      activerecord (>= 7.0, < 9)
+      google-cloud-spanner (~> 2.25)
+      google-cloud-spanner-v1 (~> 1.7)
+
+GEM
+  remote: https://rubygems.org/
+  specs:
+    activemodel (7.0.10)
+      activesupport (= 7.0.10)
+    activerecord (7.0.10)
+      activemodel (= 7.0.10)
+      activesupport (= 7.0.10)
+    activesupport (7.0.10)
+      base64
+      benchmark (>= 0.3)
+      bigdecimal
+      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.2)
+      drb
+      i18n (>= 1.6, < 2)
+      logger (>= 1.4.2)
+      minitest (>= 5.1)
+      mutex_m
+      securerandom (>= 0.3)
+      tzinfo (~> 2.0)
+    addressable (2.9.0)
+      public_suffix (>= 2.0.2, < 8.0)
+    appraisal (2.5.0)
+      bundler
+      rake
+      thor (>= 0.14.0)
+    ast (2.4.3)
+    autotest-suffix (1.1.0)
+    base64 (0.3.0)
+    benchmark (0.5.0)
+    bigdecimal (3.3.1)
+    byebug (13.0.0)
+      reline (>= 0.6.0)
+    coderay (1.1.3)
+    composite_primary_keys (14.0.10)
+      activerecord (~> 7.0.2)
+    concurrent-ruby (1.3.8)
+    docile (1.4.1)
+    docker-api (2.4.0)
+      excon (>= 0.64.0)
+      multi_json
+    drb (2.2.3)
+    erb (6.0.6)
+    excon (1.6.0)
+      logger
+    faraday (2.14.3)
+      faraday-net_http (>= 2.0, < 3.5)
+      json
+      logger
+    faraday-net_http (3.4.4)
+      net-http (~> 0.5)
+    faraday-retry (2.4.0)
+      faraday (~> 2.0)
+    gapic-common (1.3.0)
+      faraday (>= 1.9, < 3.a)
+      faraday-retry (>= 1.0, < 3.a)
+      google-cloud-env (~> 2.2)
+      google-logging-utils (~> 0.1)
+      google-protobuf (~> 4.26)
+      googleapis-common-protos (~> 1.6)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.15)
+      googleauth (~> 1.12)
+      grpc (~> 1.66)
+    google-cloud-core (1.9.0)
+      google-cloud-env (>= 1.0, < 3.a)
+      google-cloud-errors (~> 1.0)
+    google-cloud-env (2.4.0)
+      base64 (~> 0.2)
+      faraday (>= 1.0, < 3.a)
+    google-cloud-errors (1.7.0)
+    google-cloud-spanner (2.36.0)
+      bigdecimal (~> 3.0)
+      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
+      google-cloud-core (~> 1.7)
+      google-cloud-spanner-admin-database-v1 (~> 1.4)
+      google-cloud-spanner-admin-instance-v1 (~> 1.6)
+      google-cloud-spanner-v1 (~> 1.6)
+    google-cloud-spanner-admin-database-v1 (1.6.1)
+      gapic-common (>= 0.25.0, < 2.a)
+      google-cloud-errors (~> 1.0)
+      grpc-google-iam-v1 (~> 1.1)
+    google-cloud-spanner-admin-instance-v1 (1.6.0)
+      gapic-common (>= 0.25.0, < 2.a)
+      google-cloud-errors (~> 1.0)
+      grpc-google-iam-v1 (~> 1.1)
+    google-cloud-spanner-v1 (1.19.0)
+      gapic-common (~> 1.3)
+      google-cloud-errors (~> 1.0)
+    google-logging-utils (0.2.0)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1-arm64-darwin)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-style (1.32.0)
+      rubocop (~> 1.76)
+    googleapis-common-protos (1.10.0)
+      google-protobuf (~> 4.26)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.21)
+      grpc (~> 1.41)
+    googleapis-common-protos-types (1.23.0)
+      google-protobuf (~> 4.26)
+    googleauth (1.17.3)
+      faraday (>= 1.0, < 3.a)
+      google-cloud-env (~> 2.2)
+      google-logging-utils (~> 0.1)
+      jwt (>= 1.4, < 4.0)
+      os (>= 0.9, < 2.0)
+      pstore (~> 0.1)
+      signet (>= 0.16, < 2.a)
+    grpc (1.83.0-arm64-darwin)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc-google-iam-v1 (1.10.0)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.18, < 5.a)
+      googleapis-common-protos (~> 1.4)
+      grpc (~> 1.41)
+    i18n (1.15.2)
+      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
+    io-console (0.8.2)
+    irb (1.18.0)
+      pp (>= 0.6.0)
+      prism (>= 1.3.0)
+      rdoc (>= 4.0.0)
+      reline (>= 0.4.2)
+    json (2.21.2)
+    jwt (3.2.0)
+      base64
+    language_server-protocol (3.17.0.6)
+    lint_roller (1.1.0)
+    logger (1.7.0)
+    method_source (1.1.0)
+    minitest (5.27.0)
+    minitest-autotest (1.2.0)
+      minitest-server (~> 1.0)
+      path_expander (~> 2.0)
+    minitest-focus (1.4.1)
+      minitest (> 5.0)
+    minitest-rg (5.4.0)
+      minitest (>= 5.0, < 7)
+    minitest-server (1.0.10)
+      drb (~> 2.0)
+      minitest (~> 5.16)
+    multi_json (1.21.1)
+    mustermann (3.1.1)
+    mutex_m (0.3.0)
+    net-http (0.9.1)
+      uri (>= 0.11.1)
+    os (1.1.4)
+    ostruct (0.6.3)
+    parallel (1.28.0)
+    parser (3.3.12.0)
+      ast (~> 2.4.1)
+      racc
+    path_expander (2.0.1)
+    pp (0.6.4)
+      prettyprint
+    prettyprint (0.2.0)
+    prism (1.9.0)
+    pry (0.16.0)
+      coderay (~> 1.1)
+      method_source (~> 1.0)
+      reline (>= 0.6.0)
+    pry-byebug (3.12.0)
+      byebug (~> 13.0)
+      pry (>= 0.13, < 0.17)
+    pstore (0.2.1)
+    public_suffix (7.0.5)
+    racc (1.8.1)
+    rack (3.2.6)
+    rack-protection (4.2.1)
+      base64 (>= 0.1.0)
+      logger (>= 1.6.0)
+      rack (>= 3.0.0, < 4)
+    rack-session (2.1.2)
+      base64 (>= 0.1.0)
+      rack (>= 3.0.0)
+    rainbow (3.1.1)
+    rake (13.4.2)
+    rbs (4.1.1)
+      logger
+      prism (>= 1.6.0)
+      tsort
+    rdoc (8.0.0)
+      erb
+      prism (>= 1.6.0)
+      rbs (>= 4.0.0)
+      tsort
+    readline (0.0.4)
+      reline
+    redcarpet (3.6.1)
+    regexp_parser (2.12.0)
+    reline (0.6.3)
+      io-console (~> 0.5)
+    rubocop (1.88.2)
+      json (~> 2.3)
+      language_server-protocol (~> 3.17.0.2)
+      lint_roller (~> 1.1.0)
+      parallel (>= 1.10)
+      parser (>= 3.3.0.2)
+      rainbow (>= 2.2.2, < 4.0)
+      regexp_parser (>= 2.9.3, < 3.0)
+      rubocop-ast (>= 1.49.0, < 2.0)
+      ruby-progressbar (~> 1.7)
+      unicode-display_width (>= 2.4.0, < 4.0)
+    rubocop-ast (1.50.0)
+      parser (>= 3.3.7.2)
+      prism (~> 1.7)
+    ruby-progressbar (1.13.0)
+    securerandom (0.4.1)
+    signet (0.22.0)
+      addressable (~> 2.8)
+      faraday (>= 0.17.5, < 3.a)
+      jwt (>= 1.5, < 4.0)
+    simplecov (0.22.0)
+      docile (~> 1.1)
+      simplecov-html (~> 0.11)
+      simplecov_json_formatter (~> 0.1)
+    simplecov-html (0.13.2)
+    simplecov_json_formatter (0.1.4)
+    sinatra (4.2.1)
+      logger (>= 1.6.0)
+      mustermann (~> 3.0)
+      rack (>= 3.0.0, < 4)
+      rack-protection (= 4.2.1)
+      rack-session (>= 2.0.0, < 3)
+      tilt (~> 2.0)
+    sinatra-activerecord (2.0.28)
+      activerecord (>= 4.1)
+      sinatra (>= 1.0)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-arm64-darwin)
+    thor (1.5.0)
+    tilt (2.8.0)
+    tsort (0.2.0)
+    tzinfo (2.0.6)
+      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
+    unicode-display_width (3.2.0)
+      unicode-emoji (~> 4.1)
+    unicode-emoji (4.2.0)
+    uri (1.1.1)
+    yard (0.9.45)
+    yard-doctest (0.1.17)
+      minitest
+      yard
+
+PLATFORMS
+  arm64-darwin
+
+DEPENDENCIES
+  activerecord (~> 7.0.0)
+  activerecord-spanner-adapter!
+  appraisal (~> 2.5)
+  autotest-suffix (~> 1.1)
+  bundler (>= 2.0, < 5.0)
+  composite_primary_keys
+  docker-api
+  google-style (~> 1.32.0)
+  irb
+  minitest (~> 5.27.0)
+  minitest-autotest (~> 1.0)
+  minitest-focus (~> 1.1)
+  minitest-rg (~> 5.4.0)
+  mutex_m
+  ostruct
+  pry (~> 0.16.0)
+  pry-byebug (~> 3.12.0)
+  rake (~> 13.0)
+  readline
+  redcarpet (~> 3.0)
+  simplecov (~> 0.9)
+  sinatra-activerecord
+  sqlite3
+  yard (~> 0.9)
+  yard-doctest (~> 0.1.13)
+
+CHECKSUMS
+  activemodel (7.0.10)
+  activerecord (7.0.10)
+  activerecord-spanner-adapter (2.6.0)
+  activesupport (7.0.10)
+  addressable (2.9.0)
+  appraisal (2.5.0)
+  ast (2.4.3)
+  autotest-suffix (1.1.0)
+  base64 (0.3.0)
+  benchmark (0.5.0)
+  bigdecimal (3.3.1)
+  bundler (4.0.14) sha256=d09a0a965cf772266a7e49e83610be7c2f4e49e61134c42a56804bb383cc24b8
+  byebug (13.0.0)
+  coderay (1.1.3)
+  composite_primary_keys (14.0.10)
+  concurrent-ruby (1.3.8)
+  docile (1.4.1)
+  docker-api (2.4.0)
+  drb (2.2.3)
+  erb (6.0.6)
+  excon (1.6.0)
+  faraday (2.14.3)
+  faraday-net_http (3.4.4)
+  faraday-retry (2.4.0)
+  gapic-common (1.3.0)
+  google-cloud-core (1.9.0)
+  google-cloud-env (2.4.0)
+  google-cloud-errors (1.7.0)
+  google-cloud-spanner (2.36.0)
+  google-cloud-spanner-admin-database-v1 (1.6.1)
+  google-cloud-spanner-admin-instance-v1 (1.6.0)
+  google-cloud-spanner-v1 (1.19.0)
+  google-logging-utils (0.2.0)
+  google-protobuf (4.35.1-arm64-darwin)
+  google-style (1.32.0)
+  googleapis-common-protos (1.10.0)
+  googleapis-common-protos-types (1.23.0)
+  googleauth (1.17.3)
+  grpc (1.83.0-arm64-darwin)
+  grpc-google-iam-v1 (1.10.0)
+  i18n (1.15.2)
+  io-console (0.8.2)
+  irb (1.18.0)
+  json (2.21.2)
+  jwt (3.2.0)
+  language_server-protocol (3.17.0.6)
+  lint_roller (1.1.0)
+  logger (1.7.0)
+  method_source (1.1.0)
+  minitest (5.27.0)
+  minitest-autotest (1.2.0)
+  minitest-focus (1.4.1)
+  minitest-rg (5.4.0)
+  minitest-server (1.0.10)
+  multi_json (1.21.1)
+  mustermann (3.1.1)
+  mutex_m (0.3.0)
+  net-http (0.9.1)
+  os (1.1.4)
+  ostruct (0.6.3)
+  parallel (1.28.0)
+  parser (3.3.12.0)
+  path_expander (2.0.1)
+  pp (0.6.4)
+  prettyprint (0.2.0)
+  prism (1.9.0)
+  pry (0.16.0)
+  pry-byebug (3.12.0)
+  pstore (0.2.1)
+  public_suffix (7.0.5)
+  racc (1.8.1)
+  rack (3.2.6)
+  rack-protection (4.2.1)
+  rack-session (2.1.2)
+  rainbow (3.1.1)
+  rake (13.4.2)
+  rbs (4.1.1)
+  rdoc (8.0.0)
+  readline (0.0.4)
+  redcarpet (3.6.1)
+  regexp_parser (2.12.0)
+  reline (0.6.3)
+  rubocop (1.88.2)
+  rubocop-ast (1.50.0)
+  ruby-progressbar (1.13.0)
+  securerandom (0.4.1)
+  signet (0.22.0)
+  simplecov (0.22.0)
+  simplecov-html (0.13.2)
+  simplecov_json_formatter (0.1.4)
+  sinatra (4.2.1)
+  sinatra-activerecord (2.0.28)
+  sqlite3 (2.9.5-arm64-darwin)
+  thor (1.5.0)
+  tilt (2.8.0)
+  tsort (0.2.0)
+  tzinfo (2.0.6)
+  unicode-display_width (3.2.0)
+  unicode-emoji (4.2.0)
+  uri (1.1.1)
+  yard (0.9.45)
+  yard-doctest (0.1.17)
+
+BUNDLED WITH
+  4.0.14
diff --git a/gemfiles/7.1.gemfile b/gemfiles/7.1.gemfile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ac94ca67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gemfiles/7.1.gemfile
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# This file was generated by Appraisal
+
+source "https://rubygems.org"
+
+gem "activerecord", "~> 7.1.0"
+gem "ostruct"
+gem "minitest", "~> 5.27.0"
+gem "minitest-rg", "~> 5.4.0"
+gem "pry", "~> 0.16.0"
+gem "pry-byebug", "~> 3.12.0"
+gem "readline"
+gem "mutex_m"
+gem "irb"
+gem "sqlite3"
+gem "docker-api"
+gem "sinatra-activerecord"
+
+gemspec path: "../"
diff --git a/gemfiles/7.1.gemfile.lock b/gemfiles/7.1.gemfile.lock
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e2ac8406
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gemfiles/7.1.gemfile.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+PATH
+  remote: ..
+  specs:
+    activerecord-spanner-adapter (2.6.0)
+      activerecord (>= 7.0, < 9)
+      google-cloud-spanner (~> 2.25)
+      google-cloud-spanner-v1 (~> 1.7)
+
+GEM
+  remote: https://rubygems.org/
+  specs:
+    activemodel (7.1.6)
+      activesupport (= 7.1.6)
+    activerecord (7.1.6)
+      activemodel (= 7.1.6)
+      activesupport (= 7.1.6)
+      timeout (>= 0.4.0)
+    activesupport (7.1.6)
+      base64
+      benchmark (>= 0.3)
+      bigdecimal
+      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.2)
+      connection_pool (>= 2.2.5)
+      drb
+      i18n (>= 1.6, < 2)
+      logger (>= 1.4.2)
+      minitest (>= 5.1)
+      mutex_m
+      securerandom (>= 0.3)
+      tzinfo (~> 2.0)
+    addressable (2.9.0)
+      public_suffix (>= 2.0.2, < 8.0)
+    appraisal (2.5.0)
+      bundler
+      rake
+      thor (>= 0.14.0)
+    ast (2.4.3)
+    autotest-suffix (1.1.0)
+    base64 (0.3.0)
+    benchmark (0.5.0)
+    bigdecimal (3.3.1)
+    byebug (13.0.0)
+      reline (>= 0.6.0)
+    coderay (1.1.3)
+    concurrent-ruby (1.3.8)
+    connection_pool (3.0.2)
+    docile (1.4.1)
+    docker-api (2.4.0)
+      excon (>= 0.64.0)
+      multi_json
+    drb (2.2.3)
+    erb (6.0.6)
+    excon (1.6.0)
+      logger
+    faraday (2.14.3)
+      faraday-net_http (>= 2.0, < 3.5)
+      json
+      logger
+    faraday-net_http (3.4.4)
+      net-http (~> 0.5)
+    faraday-retry (2.4.0)
+      faraday (~> 2.0)
+    gapic-common (1.3.0)
+      faraday (>= 1.9, < 3.a)
+      faraday-retry (>= 1.0, < 3.a)
+      google-cloud-env (~> 2.2)
+      google-logging-utils (~> 0.1)
+      google-protobuf (~> 4.26)
+      googleapis-common-protos (~> 1.6)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.15)
+      googleauth (~> 1.12)
+      grpc (~> 1.66)
+    google-cloud-core (1.9.0)
+      google-cloud-env (>= 1.0, < 3.a)
+      google-cloud-errors (~> 1.0)
+    google-cloud-env (2.4.0)
+      base64 (~> 0.2)
+      faraday (>= 1.0, < 3.a)
+    google-cloud-errors (1.7.0)
+    google-cloud-spanner (2.36.0)
+      bigdecimal (~> 3.0)
+      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
+      google-cloud-core (~> 1.7)
+      google-cloud-spanner-admin-database-v1 (~> 1.4)
+      google-cloud-spanner-admin-instance-v1 (~> 1.6)
+      google-cloud-spanner-v1 (~> 1.6)
+    google-cloud-spanner-admin-database-v1 (1.6.1)
+      gapic-common (>= 0.25.0, < 2.a)
+      google-cloud-errors (~> 1.0)
+      grpc-google-iam-v1 (~> 1.1)
+    google-cloud-spanner-admin-instance-v1 (1.6.0)
+      gapic-common (>= 0.25.0, < 2.a)
+      google-cloud-errors (~> 1.0)
+      grpc-google-iam-v1 (~> 1.1)
+    google-cloud-spanner-v1 (1.19.0)
+      gapic-common (~> 1.3)
+      google-cloud-errors (~> 1.0)
+    google-logging-utils (0.2.0)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1-arm64-darwin)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-style (1.32.0)
+      rubocop (~> 1.76)
+    googleapis-common-protos (1.10.0)
+      google-protobuf (~> 4.26)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.21)
+      grpc (~> 1.41)
+    googleapis-common-protos-types (1.23.0)
+      google-protobuf (~> 4.26)
+    googleauth (1.17.3)
+      faraday (>= 1.0, < 3.a)
+      google-cloud-env (~> 2.2)
+      google-logging-utils (~> 0.1)
+      jwt (>= 1.4, < 4.0)
+      os (>= 0.9, < 2.0)
+      pstore (~> 0.1)
+      signet (>= 0.16, < 2.a)
+    grpc (1.83.0-arm64-darwin)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc-google-iam-v1 (1.10.0)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.18, < 5.a)
+      googleapis-common-protos (~> 1.4)
+      grpc (~> 1.41)
+    i18n (1.15.2)
+      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
+    io-console (0.8.2)
+    irb (1.18.0)
+      pp (>= 0.6.0)
+      prism (>= 1.3.0)
+      rdoc (>= 4.0.0)
+      reline (>= 0.4.2)
+    json (2.21.2)
+    jwt (3.2.0)
+      base64
+    language_server-protocol (3.17.0.6)
+    lint_roller (1.1.0)
+    logger (1.7.0)
+    method_source (1.1.0)
+    minitest (5.27.0)
+    minitest-autotest (1.2.0)
+      minitest-server (~> 1.0)
+      path_expander (~> 2.0)
+    minitest-focus (1.4.1)
+      minitest (> 5.0)
+    minitest-rg (5.4.0)
+      minitest (>= 5.0, < 7)
+    minitest-server (1.0.10)
+      drb (~> 2.0)
+      minitest (~> 5.16)
+    multi_json (1.21.1)
+    mustermann (3.1.1)
+    mutex_m (0.3.0)
+    net-http (0.9.1)
+      uri (>= 0.11.1)
+    os (1.1.4)
+    ostruct (0.6.3)
+    parallel (1.28.0)
+    parser (3.3.12.0)
+      ast (~> 2.4.1)
+      racc
+    path_expander (2.0.1)
+    pp (0.6.4)
+      prettyprint
+    prettyprint (0.2.0)
+    prism (1.9.0)
+    pry (0.16.0)
+      coderay (~> 1.1)
+      method_source (~> 1.0)
+      reline (>= 0.6.0)
+    pry-byebug (3.12.0)
+      byebug (~> 13.0)
+      pry (>= 0.13, < 0.17)
+    pstore (0.2.1)
+    public_suffix (7.0.5)
+    racc (1.8.1)
+    rack (3.2.6)
+    rack-protection (4.2.1)
+      base64 (>= 0.1.0)
+      logger (>= 1.6.0)
+      rack (>= 3.0.0, < 4)
+    rack-session (2.1.2)
+      base64 (>= 0.1.0)
+      rack (>= 3.0.0)
+    rainbow (3.1.1)
+    rake (13.4.2)
+    rbs (4.1.1)
+      logger
+      prism (>= 1.6.0)
+      tsort
+    rdoc (8.0.0)
+      erb
+      prism (>= 1.6.0)
+      rbs (>= 4.0.0)
+      tsort
+    readline (0.0.4)
+      reline
+    redcarpet (3.6.1)
+    regexp_parser (2.12.0)
+    reline (0.6.3)
+      io-console (~> 0.5)
+    rubocop (1.88.2)
+      json (~> 2.3)
+      language_server-protocol (~> 3.17.0.2)
+      lint_roller (~> 1.1.0)
+      parallel (>= 1.10)
+      parser (>= 3.3.0.2)
+      rainbow (>= 2.2.2, < 4.0)
+      regexp_parser (>= 2.9.3, < 3.0)
+      rubocop-ast (>= 1.49.0, < 2.0)
+      ruby-progressbar (~> 1.7)
+      unicode-display_width (>= 2.4.0, < 4.0)
+    rubocop-ast (1.50.0)
+      parser (>= 3.3.7.2)
+      prism (~> 1.7)
+    ruby-progressbar (1.13.0)
+    securerandom (0.4.1)
+    signet (0.22.0)
+      addressable (~> 2.8)
+      faraday (>= 0.17.5, < 3.a)
+      jwt (>= 1.5, < 4.0)
+    simplecov (0.22.0)
+      docile (~> 1.1)
+      simplecov-html (~> 0.11)
+      simplecov_json_formatter (~> 0.1)
+    simplecov-html (0.13.2)
+    simplecov_json_formatter (0.1.4)
+    sinatra (4.2.1)
+      logger (>= 1.6.0)
+      mustermann (~> 3.0)
+      rack (>= 3.0.0, < 4)
+      rack-protection (= 4.2.1)
+      rack-session (>= 2.0.0, < 3)
+      tilt (~> 2.0)
+    sinatra-activerecord (2.0.28)
+      activerecord (>= 4.1)
+      sinatra (>= 1.0)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-arm64-darwin)
+    thor (1.5.0)
+    tilt (2.8.0)
+    timeout (0.6.1)
+    tsort (0.2.0)
+    tzinfo (2.0.6)
+      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
+    unicode-display_width (3.2.0)
+      unicode-emoji (~> 4.1)
+    unicode-emoji (4.2.0)
+    uri (1.1.1)
+    yard (0.9.45)
+    yard-doctest (0.1.17)
+      minitest
+      yard
+
+PLATFORMS
+  arm64-darwin
+
+DEPENDENCIES
+  activerecord (~> 7.1.0)
+  activerecord-spanner-adapter!
+  appraisal (~> 2.5)
+  autotest-suffix (~> 1.1)
+  bundler (>= 2.0, < 5.0)
+  docker-api
+  google-style (~> 1.32.0)
+  irb
+  minitest (~> 5.27.0)
+  minitest-autotest (~> 1.0)
+  minitest-focus (~> 1.1)
+  minitest-rg (~> 5.4.0)
+  mutex_m
+  ostruct
+  pry (~> 0.16.0)
+  pry-byebug (~> 3.12.0)
+  rake (~> 13.0)
+  readline
+  redcarpet (~> 3.0)
+  simplecov (~> 0.9)
+  sinatra-activerecord
+  sqlite3
+  yard (~> 0.9)
+  yard-doctest (~> 0.1.13)
+
+CHECKSUMS
+  activemodel (7.1.6)
+  activerecord (7.1.6)
+  activerecord-spanner-adapter (2.6.0)
+  activesupport (7.1.6)
+  addressable (2.9.0)
+  appraisal (2.5.0)
+  ast (2.4.3)
+  autotest-suffix (1.1.0)
+  base64 (0.3.0)
+  benchmark (0.5.0)
+  bigdecimal (3.3.1)
+  bundler (4.0.14) sha256=d09a0a965cf772266a7e49e83610be7c2f4e49e61134c42a56804bb383cc24b8
+  byebug (13.0.0)
+  coderay (1.1.3)
+  concurrent-ruby (1.3.8)
+  connection_pool (3.0.2)
+  docile (1.4.1)
+  docker-api (2.4.0)
+  drb (2.2.3)
+  erb (6.0.6)
+  excon (1.6.0)
+  faraday (2.14.3)
+  faraday-net_http (3.4.4)
+  faraday-retry (2.4.0)
+  gapic-common (1.3.0)
+  google-cloud-core (1.9.0)
+  google-cloud-env (2.4.0)
+  google-cloud-errors (1.7.0)
+  google-cloud-spanner (2.36.0)
+  google-cloud-spanner-admin-database-v1 (1.6.1)
+  google-cloud-spanner-admin-instance-v1 (1.6.0)
+  google-cloud-spanner-v1 (1.19.0)
+  google-logging-utils (0.2.0)
+  google-protobuf (4.35.1-arm64-darwin)
+  google-style (1.32.0)
+  googleapis-common-protos (1.10.0)
+  googleapis-common-protos-types (1.23.0)
+  googleauth (1.17.3)
+  grpc (1.83.0-arm64-darwin)
+  grpc-google-iam-v1 (1.10.0)
+  i18n (1.15.2)
+  io-console (0.8.2)
+  irb (1.18.0)
+  json (2.21.2)
+  jwt (3.2.0)
+  language_server-protocol (3.17.0.6)
+  lint_roller (1.1.0)
+  logger (1.7.0)
+  method_source (1.1.0)
+  minitest (5.27.0)
+  minitest-autotest (1.2.0)
+  minitest-focus (1.4.1)
+  minitest-rg (5.4.0)
+  minitest-server (1.0.10)
+  multi_json (1.21.1)
+  mustermann (3.1.1)
+  mutex_m (0.3.0)
+  net-http (0.9.1)
+  os (1.1.4)
+  ostruct (0.6.3)
+  parallel (1.28.0)
+  parser (3.3.12.0)
+  path_expander (2.0.1)
+  pp (0.6.4)
+  prettyprint (0.2.0)
+  prism (1.9.0)
+  pry (0.16.0)
+  pry-byebug (3.12.0)
+  pstore (0.2.1)
+  public_suffix (7.0.5)
+  racc (1.8.1)
+  rack (3.2.6)
+  rack-protection (4.2.1)
+  rack-session (2.1.2)
+  rainbow (3.1.1)
+  rake (13.4.2)
+  rbs (4.1.1)
+  rdoc (8.0.0)
+  readline (0.0.4)
+  redcarpet (3.6.1)
+  regexp_parser (2.12.0)
+  reline (0.6.3)
+  rubocop (1.88.2)
+  rubocop-ast (1.50.0)
+  ruby-progressbar (1.13.0)
+  securerandom (0.4.1)
+  signet (0.22.0)
+  simplecov (0.22.0)
+  simplecov-html (0.13.2)
+  simplecov_json_formatter (0.1.4)
+  sinatra (4.2.1)
+  sinatra-activerecord (2.0.28)
+  sqlite3 (2.9.5-arm64-darwin)
+  thor (1.5.0)
+  tilt (2.8.0)
+  timeout (0.6.1)
+  tsort (0.2.0)
+  tzinfo (2.0.6)
+  unicode-display_width (3.2.0)
+  unicode-emoji (4.2.0)
+  uri (1.1.1)
+  yard (0.9.45)
+  yard-doctest (0.1.17)
+
+BUNDLED WITH
+  4.0.14
diff --git a/gemfiles/7.2.gemfile b/gemfiles/7.2.gemfile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7bd13b3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gemfiles/7.2.gemfile
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# This file was generated by Appraisal
+
+source "https://rubygems.org"
+
+gem "activerecord", "~> 7.2.0"
+gem "ostruct"
+gem "minitest", "~> 5.27.0"
+gem "minitest-rg", "~> 5.4.0"
+gem "pry", "~> 0.16.0"
+gem "pry-byebug", "~> 3.12.0"
+gem "readline"
+gem "mutex_m"
+gem "irb"
+gem "sqlite3"
+gem "docker-api"
+gem "sinatra-activerecord"
+
+gemspec path: "../"
diff --git a/gemfiles/7.2.gemfile.lock b/gemfiles/7.2.gemfile.lock
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..07f8c8b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gemfiles/7.2.gemfile.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,479 @@
+PATH
+  remote: ..
+  specs:
+    activerecord-spanner-adapter (2.6.0)
+      activerecord (>= 7.0, < 9)
+      google-cloud-spanner (~> 2.25)
+      google-cloud-spanner-v1 (~> 1.7)
+
+GEM
+  remote: https://rubygems.org/
+  specs:
+    activemodel (7.2.3.2)
+      activesupport (= 7.2.3.2)
+    activerecord (7.2.3.2)
+      activemodel (= 7.2.3.2)
+      activesupport (= 7.2.3.2)
+      timeout (>= 0.4.0)
+    activesupport (7.2.3.2)
+      base64
+      benchmark (>= 0.3)
+      bigdecimal
+      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0, >= 1.3.1)
+      connection_pool (>= 2.2.5)
+      drb
+      i18n (>= 1.6, < 2)
+      logger (>= 1.4.2)
+      minitest (>= 5.1, < 6)
+      securerandom (>= 0.3)
+      tzinfo (~> 2.0, >= 2.0.5)
+    addressable (2.9.0)
+      public_suffix (>= 2.0.2, < 8.0)
+    appraisal (2.5.0)
+      bundler
+      rake
+      thor (>= 0.14.0)
+    ast (2.4.3)
+    autotest-suffix (1.1.0)
+    base64 (0.3.0)
+    benchmark (0.5.0)
+    bigdecimal (3.3.1)
+    byebug (13.0.0)
+      reline (>= 0.6.0)
+    coderay (1.1.3)
+    concurrent-ruby (1.3.8)
+    connection_pool (3.0.2)
+    docile (1.4.1)
+    docker-api (2.4.0)
+      excon (>= 0.64.0)
+      multi_json
+    drb (2.2.3)
+    erb (6.0.6)
+    excon (1.6.0)
+      logger
+    faraday (2.14.3)
+      faraday-net_http (>= 2.0, < 3.5)
+      json
+      logger
+    faraday-net_http (3.4.4)
+      net-http (~> 0.5)
+    faraday-retry (2.4.0)
+      faraday (~> 2.0)
+    gapic-common (1.3.0)
+      faraday (>= 1.9, < 3.a)
+      faraday-retry (>= 1.0, < 3.a)
+      google-cloud-env (~> 2.2)
+      google-logging-utils (~> 0.1)
+      google-protobuf (~> 4.26)
+      googleapis-common-protos (~> 1.6)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.15)
+      googleauth (~> 1.12)
+      grpc (~> 1.66)
+    google-cloud-core (1.9.0)
+      google-cloud-env (>= 1.0, < 3.a)
+      google-cloud-errors (~> 1.0)
+    google-cloud-env (2.4.0)
+      base64 (~> 0.2)
+      faraday (>= 1.0, < 3.a)
+    google-cloud-errors (1.7.0)
+    google-cloud-spanner (2.36.0)
+      bigdecimal (~> 3.0)
+      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
+      google-cloud-core (~> 1.7)
+      google-cloud-spanner-admin-database-v1 (~> 1.4)
+      google-cloud-spanner-admin-instance-v1 (~> 1.6)
+      google-cloud-spanner-v1 (~> 1.6)
+    google-cloud-spanner-admin-database-v1 (1.6.1)
+      gapic-common (>= 0.25.0, < 2.a)
+      google-cloud-errors (~> 1.0)
+      grpc-google-iam-v1 (~> 1.1)
+    google-cloud-spanner-admin-instance-v1 (1.6.0)
+      gapic-common (>= 0.25.0, < 2.a)
+      google-cloud-errors (~> 1.0)
+      grpc-google-iam-v1 (~> 1.1)
+    google-cloud-spanner-v1 (1.19.0)
+      gapic-common (~> 1.3)
+      google-cloud-errors (~> 1.0)
+    google-logging-utils (0.2.0)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1-aarch64-linux-gnu)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1-aarch64-linux-musl)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1-arm64-darwin)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1-x86-linux-gnu)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1-x86-linux-musl)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1-x86_64-darwin)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1-x86_64-linux-gnu)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1-x86_64-linux-musl)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-style (1.32.0)
+      rubocop (~> 1.76)
+    googleapis-common-protos (1.10.0)
+      google-protobuf (~> 4.26)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.21)
+      grpc (~> 1.41)
+    googleapis-common-protos-types (1.23.0)
+      google-protobuf (~> 4.26)
+    googleauth (1.17.3)
+      faraday (>= 1.0, < 3.a)
+      google-cloud-env (~> 2.2)
+      google-logging-utils (~> 0.1)
+      jwt (>= 1.4, < 4.0)
+      os (>= 0.9, < 2.0)
+      pstore (~> 0.1)
+      signet (>= 0.16, < 2.a)
+    grpc (1.83.0)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc (1.83.0-aarch64-linux-gnu)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc (1.83.0-aarch64-linux-musl)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc (1.83.0-arm64-darwin)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc (1.83.0-x86-linux-gnu)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc (1.83.0-x86-linux-musl)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc (1.83.0-x86_64-darwin)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc (1.83.0-x86_64-linux-gnu)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc (1.83.0-x86_64-linux-musl)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc-google-iam-v1 (1.10.0)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.18, < 5.a)
+      googleapis-common-protos (~> 1.4)
+      grpc (~> 1.41)
+    i18n (1.15.2)
+      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
+    io-console (0.8.2)
+    irb (1.18.0)
+      pp (>= 0.6.0)
+      prism (>= 1.3.0)
+      rdoc (>= 4.0.0)
+      reline (>= 0.4.2)
+    json (2.21.2)
+    jwt (3.2.0)
+      base64
+    language_server-protocol (3.17.0.6)
+    lint_roller (1.1.0)
+    logger (1.7.0)
+    method_source (1.1.0)
+    minitest (5.27.0)
+    minitest-autotest (1.2.0)
+      minitest-server (~> 1.0)
+      path_expander (~> 2.0)
+    minitest-focus (1.4.1)
+      minitest (> 5.0)
+    minitest-rg (5.4.0)
+      minitest (>= 5.0, < 7)
+    minitest-server (1.0.10)
+      drb (~> 2.0)
+      minitest (~> 5.16)
+    multi_json (1.21.1)
+    mustermann (3.1.1)
+    mutex_m (0.3.0)
+    net-http (0.9.1)
+      uri (>= 0.11.1)
+    os (1.1.4)
+    ostruct (0.6.3)
+    parallel (1.28.0)
+    parser (3.3.12.0)
+      ast (~> 2.4.1)
+      racc
+    path_expander (2.0.1)
+    pp (0.6.4)
+      prettyprint
+    prettyprint (0.2.0)
+    prism (1.9.0)
+    pry (0.16.0)
+      coderay (~> 1.1)
+      method_source (~> 1.0)
+      reline (>= 0.6.0)
+    pry-byebug (3.12.0)
+      byebug (~> 13.0)
+      pry (>= 0.13, < 0.17)
+    pstore (0.2.1)
+    public_suffix (7.0.5)
+    racc (1.8.1)
+    rack (3.2.6)
+    rack-protection (4.2.1)
+      base64 (>= 0.1.0)
+      logger (>= 1.6.0)
+      rack (>= 3.0.0, < 4)
+    rack-session (2.1.2)
+      base64 (>= 0.1.0)
+      rack (>= 3.0.0)
+    rainbow (3.1.1)
+    rake (13.4.2)
+    rbs (4.1.2)
+      logger
+      prism (>= 1.6.0)
+      tsort
+    rdoc (8.0.0)
+      erb
+      prism (>= 1.6.0)
+      rbs (>= 4.0.0)
+      tsort
+    readline (0.0.4)
+      reline
+    redcarpet (3.6.1)
+    regexp_parser (2.12.0)
+    reline (0.6.3)
+      io-console (~> 0.5)
+    rubocop (1.88.2)
+      json (~> 2.3)
+      language_server-protocol (~> 3.17.0.2)
+      lint_roller (~> 1.1.0)
+      parallel (>= 1.10)
+      parser (>= 3.3.0.2)
+      rainbow (>= 2.2.2, < 4.0)
+      regexp_parser (>= 2.9.3, < 3.0)
+      rubocop-ast (>= 1.49.0, < 2.0)
+      ruby-progressbar (~> 1.7)
+      unicode-display_width (>= 2.4.0, < 4.0)
+    rubocop-ast (1.50.0)
+      parser (>= 3.3.7.2)
+      prism (~> 1.7)
+    ruby-progressbar (1.13.0)
+    securerandom (0.4.1)
+    signet (0.22.0)
+      addressable (~> 2.8)
+      faraday (>= 0.17.5, < 3.a)
+      jwt (>= 1.5, < 4.0)
+    simplecov (0.22.0)
+      docile (~> 1.1)
+      simplecov-html (~> 0.11)
+      simplecov_json_formatter (~> 0.1)
+    simplecov-html (0.13.2)
+    simplecov_json_formatter (0.1.4)
+    sinatra (4.2.1)
+      logger (>= 1.6.0)
+      mustermann (~> 3.0)
+      rack (>= 3.0.0, < 4)
+      rack-protection (= 4.2.1)
+      rack-session (>= 2.0.0, < 3)
+      tilt (~> 2.0)
+    sinatra-activerecord (2.0.28)
+      activerecord (>= 4.1)
+      sinatra (>= 1.0)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-aarch64-linux-gnu)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-aarch64-linux-musl)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-arm-linux-gnu)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-arm-linux-musl)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-arm64-darwin)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86-linux-gnu)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86-linux-musl)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86_64-darwin)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86_64-linux-gnu)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86_64-linux-musl)
+    thor (1.5.0)
+    tilt (2.8.0)
+    timeout (0.6.1)
+    tsort (0.2.0)
+    tzinfo (2.0.6)
+      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
+    unicode-display_width (3.2.0)
+      unicode-emoji (~> 4.1)
+    unicode-emoji (4.2.0)
+    uri (1.1.1)
+    yard (0.9.45)
+    yard-doctest (0.1.17)
+      minitest
+      yard
+
+PLATFORMS
+  aarch64-linux-gnu
+  aarch64-linux-musl
+  arm-linux-gnu
+  arm-linux-musl
+  arm64-darwin
+  x86-linux-gnu
+  x86-linux-musl
+  x86_64-darwin
+  x86_64-linux-gnu
+  x86_64-linux-musl
+
+DEPENDENCIES
+  activerecord (~> 7.2.0)
+  activerecord-spanner-adapter!
+  appraisal (~> 2.5)
+  autotest-suffix (~> 1.1)
+  bundler (>= 2.0, < 5.0)
+  docker-api
+  google-style (~> 1.32.0)
+  irb
+  minitest (~> 5.27.0)
+  minitest-autotest (~> 1.0)
+  minitest-focus (~> 1.1)
+  minitest-rg (~> 5.4.0)
+  mutex_m
+  ostruct
+  pry (~> 0.16.0)
+  pry-byebug (~> 3.12.0)
+  rake (~> 13.0)
+  readline
+  redcarpet (~> 3.0)
+  simplecov (~> 0.9)
+  sinatra-activerecord
+  sqlite3
+  yard (~> 0.9)
+  yard-doctest (~> 0.1.13)
+
+CHECKSUMS
+  activemodel (7.2.3.2) sha256=3777c67cd8dd1560f30387523013dacb370a0a1cf532037410887819e4416927
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+  activerecord-spanner-adapter (2.6.0)
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+  google-cloud-core (1.9.0) sha256=ab55409f51488e8deefb6edcc1ce4771dfb5da2fe7b3bc075709a030c2b682a4
+  google-cloud-env (2.4.0) sha256=01cb35ecee5d1c4d1cd4deaed8bb5bddc838e296bcc2a35c5d1ddd07ce40d28d
+  google-cloud-errors (1.7.0) sha256=6e682f42d89aae08689f36f28495de629d756da076bafff0003bac7f8042ebb3
+  google-cloud-spanner (2.36.0) sha256=91abbf55d6ce8e054edd838977a907152ff9ff491f34690409bbe6b9a82c0c5c
+  google-cloud-spanner-admin-database-v1 (1.6.1) sha256=6b8758e4def80d69e9ee64a42078d3a59ab028a638f7a849abd8130cf85add9b
+  google-cloud-spanner-admin-instance-v1 (1.6.0) sha256=1775b56518665854b27af393378761e6ff9b12156d746168df7bb14ce0138d54
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+  google-protobuf (4.35.1-x86_64-darwin) sha256=66b62b4df00931018a692806df66393efa960d6d2b7da69735187249f950d3ee
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+  grpc (1.83.0-x86-linux-musl) sha256=868e66d9c2a77eca1a93292fd879565219821fb5888673aedd08154303c9520c
+  grpc (1.83.0-x86_64-darwin) sha256=cfad91d559d1907159a5247fb12dc112a8ea0ebe2027ca7f5ab648d01a645716
+  grpc (1.83.0-x86_64-linux-gnu) sha256=25d66bfa3cb1b05258b3f9632478c7e7ceb52cb16ccc0b4b26d7df36be7158b1
+  grpc (1.83.0-x86_64-linux-musl) sha256=a5023264dbb8038c23b147bbf80adb06932ef11b5ab493412e9e37a43114fa8c
+  grpc-google-iam-v1 (1.10.0) sha256=13a4ace4f7495b913f202880a5431f7e53633af3dd6d7df8c4224bd2dac23a9a
+  i18n (1.15.2) sha256=00f9eb62412fe593b2a65a97daa75300d37abb8f7202ec748e94b6d46a9dd1b5
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+  sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86-linux-musl) sha256=063a8c13cbadfe7f29453b1706cbdf91fca4a78d244f816ff20bac4fb259f1e4
+  sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86_64-darwin) sha256=8e9caae38bd7ebb29cbeee3e7ab1d12dc2327d9a1b92c7fcf0dda05589627a81
+  sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86_64-linux-gnu) sha256=233dbcb6714148dd23bc5aeb33e8efd6eac974969564ddd5794c23d5f52b231e
+  sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86_64-linux-musl) sha256=e7d3a7474e8af0f96150c21abc203fbab5437206bfcdf11deab7741c0ca516f2
+  thor (1.5.0) sha256=e3a9e55fe857e44859ce104a84675ab6e8cd59c650a49106a05f55f136425e73
+  tilt (2.8.0) sha256=ba472eb2716fe1e04112d6d219a9dae938ec09a6a1e2ad3ecc7922e79bde3721
+  timeout (0.6.1) sha256=78f57368a7e7bbadec56971f78a3f5ecbcfb59b7fcbb0a3ed6ddc08a5094accb
+  tsort (0.2.0) sha256=9650a793f6859a43b6641671278f79cfead60ac714148aabe4e3f0060480089f
+  tzinfo (2.0.6) sha256=8daf828cc77bcf7d63b0e3bdb6caa47e2272dcfaf4fbfe46f8c3a9df087a829b
+  unicode-display_width (3.2.0) sha256=0cdd96b5681a5949cdbc2c55e7b420facae74c4aaf9a9815eee1087cb1853c42
+  unicode-emoji (4.2.0) sha256=519e69150f75652e40bf736106cfbc8f0f73aa3fb6a65afe62fefa7f80b0f80f
+  uri (1.1.1) sha256=379fa58d27ffb1387eaada68c749d1426738bd0f654d812fcc07e7568f5c57c6
+  yard (0.9.45) sha256=52e211493f7cb8a3ebf7e104a25a1e73937a3103092545d34cb88fafebb3dc51
+  yard-doctest (0.1.17) sha256=7cb35a75d99f58fc42ee72d3542a36e227237b621a40aebc391c95988b72847f
+
+BUNDLED WITH
+  4.0.14
diff --git a/gemfiles/8.0.gemfile b/gemfiles/8.0.gemfile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d6d09b93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gemfiles/8.0.gemfile
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# This file was generated by Appraisal
+
+source "https://rubygems.org"
+
+gem "activerecord", "~> 8.0.0"
+gem "ostruct"
+gem "minitest", "~> 5.27.0"
+gem "minitest-rg", "~> 5.4.0"
+gem "pry", "~> 0.16.0"
+gem "pry-byebug", "~> 3.12.0"
+gem "readline"
+gem "mutex_m"
+gem "irb"
+gem "sqlite3"
+gem "docker-api"
+gem "sinatra-activerecord"
+
+gemspec path: "../"
diff --git a/gemfiles/8.0.gemfile.lock b/gemfiles/8.0.gemfile.lock
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..aaa02fde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gemfiles/8.0.gemfile.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,480 @@
+PATH
+  remote: ..
+  specs:
+    activerecord-spanner-adapter (2.6.0)
+      activerecord (>= 7.0, < 9)
+      google-cloud-spanner (~> 2.25)
+      google-cloud-spanner-v1 (~> 1.7)
+
+GEM
+  remote: https://rubygems.org/
+  specs:
+    activemodel (8.0.5.1)
+      activesupport (= 8.0.5.1)
+    activerecord (8.0.5.1)
+      activemodel (= 8.0.5.1)
+      activesupport (= 8.0.5.1)
+      timeout (>= 0.4.0)
+    activesupport (8.0.5.1)
+      base64
+      benchmark (>= 0.3)
+      bigdecimal
+      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0, >= 1.3.1)
+      connection_pool (>= 2.2.5)
+      drb
+      i18n (>= 1.6, < 2)
+      logger (>= 1.4.2)
+      minitest (>= 5.1)
+      securerandom (>= 0.3)
+      tzinfo (~> 2.0, >= 2.0.5)
+      uri (>= 0.13.1)
+    addressable (2.9.0)
+      public_suffix (>= 2.0.2, < 8.0)
+    appraisal (2.5.0)
+      bundler
+      rake
+      thor (>= 0.14.0)
+    ast (2.4.3)
+    autotest-suffix (1.1.0)
+    base64 (0.3.0)
+    benchmark (0.5.0)
+    bigdecimal (3.3.1)
+    byebug (13.0.0)
+      reline (>= 0.6.0)
+    coderay (1.1.3)
+    concurrent-ruby (1.3.8)
+    connection_pool (3.0.2)
+    docile (1.4.1)
+    docker-api (2.4.0)
+      excon (>= 0.64.0)
+      multi_json
+    drb (2.2.3)
+    erb (6.0.6)
+    excon (1.6.0)
+      logger
+    faraday (2.14.3)
+      faraday-net_http (>= 2.0, < 3.5)
+      json
+      logger
+    faraday-net_http (3.4.4)
+      net-http (~> 0.5)
+    faraday-retry (2.4.0)
+      faraday (~> 2.0)
+    gapic-common (1.3.0)
+      faraday (>= 1.9, < 3.a)
+      faraday-retry (>= 1.0, < 3.a)
+      google-cloud-env (~> 2.2)
+      google-logging-utils (~> 0.1)
+      google-protobuf (~> 4.26)
+      googleapis-common-protos (~> 1.6)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.15)
+      googleauth (~> 1.12)
+      grpc (~> 1.66)
+    google-cloud-core (1.9.0)
+      google-cloud-env (>= 1.0, < 3.a)
+      google-cloud-errors (~> 1.0)
+    google-cloud-env (2.4.0)
+      base64 (~> 0.2)
+      faraday (>= 1.0, < 3.a)
+    google-cloud-errors (1.7.0)
+    google-cloud-spanner (2.36.0)
+      bigdecimal (~> 3.0)
+      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
+      google-cloud-core (~> 1.7)
+      google-cloud-spanner-admin-database-v1 (~> 1.4)
+      google-cloud-spanner-admin-instance-v1 (~> 1.6)
+      google-cloud-spanner-v1 (~> 1.6)
+    google-cloud-spanner-admin-database-v1 (1.6.1)
+      gapic-common (>= 0.25.0, < 2.a)
+      google-cloud-errors (~> 1.0)
+      grpc-google-iam-v1 (~> 1.1)
+    google-cloud-spanner-admin-instance-v1 (1.6.0)
+      gapic-common (>= 0.25.0, < 2.a)
+      google-cloud-errors (~> 1.0)
+      grpc-google-iam-v1 (~> 1.1)
+    google-cloud-spanner-v1 (1.19.0)
+      gapic-common (~> 1.3)
+      google-cloud-errors (~> 1.0)
+    google-logging-utils (0.2.0)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1-aarch64-linux-gnu)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1-aarch64-linux-musl)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1-arm64-darwin)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1-x86-linux-gnu)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1-x86-linux-musl)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1-x86_64-darwin)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1-x86_64-linux-gnu)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1-x86_64-linux-musl)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-style (1.32.0)
+      rubocop (~> 1.76)
+    googleapis-common-protos (1.10.0)
+      google-protobuf (~> 4.26)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.21)
+      grpc (~> 1.41)
+    googleapis-common-protos-types (1.23.0)
+      google-protobuf (~> 4.26)
+    googleauth (1.17.3)
+      faraday (>= 1.0, < 3.a)
+      google-cloud-env (~> 2.2)
+      google-logging-utils (~> 0.1)
+      jwt (>= 1.4, < 4.0)
+      os (>= 0.9, < 2.0)
+      pstore (~> 0.1)
+      signet (>= 0.16, < 2.a)
+    grpc (1.83.0)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc (1.83.0-aarch64-linux-gnu)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc (1.83.0-aarch64-linux-musl)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc (1.83.0-arm64-darwin)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc (1.83.0-x86-linux-gnu)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc (1.83.0-x86-linux-musl)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc (1.83.0-x86_64-darwin)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc (1.83.0-x86_64-linux-gnu)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc (1.83.0-x86_64-linux-musl)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc-google-iam-v1 (1.10.0)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.18, < 5.a)
+      googleapis-common-protos (~> 1.4)
+      grpc (~> 1.41)
+    i18n (1.15.2)
+      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
+    io-console (0.8.2)
+    irb (1.18.0)
+      pp (>= 0.6.0)
+      prism (>= 1.3.0)
+      rdoc (>= 4.0.0)
+      reline (>= 0.4.2)
+    json (2.21.2)
+    jwt (3.2.0)
+      base64
+    language_server-protocol (3.17.0.6)
+    lint_roller (1.1.0)
+    logger (1.7.0)
+    method_source (1.1.0)
+    minitest (5.27.0)
+    minitest-autotest (1.2.0)
+      minitest-server (~> 1.0)
+      path_expander (~> 2.0)
+    minitest-focus (1.4.1)
+      minitest (> 5.0)
+    minitest-rg (5.4.0)
+      minitest (>= 5.0, < 7)
+    minitest-server (1.0.10)
+      drb (~> 2.0)
+      minitest (~> 5.16)
+    multi_json (1.21.1)
+    mustermann (3.1.1)
+    mutex_m (0.3.0)
+    net-http (0.9.1)
+      uri (>= 0.11.1)
+    os (1.1.4)
+    ostruct (0.6.3)
+    parallel (1.28.0)
+    parser (3.3.12.0)
+      ast (~> 2.4.1)
+      racc
+    path_expander (2.0.1)
+    pp (0.6.4)
+      prettyprint
+    prettyprint (0.2.0)
+    prism (1.9.0)
+    pry (0.16.0)
+      coderay (~> 1.1)
+      method_source (~> 1.0)
+      reline (>= 0.6.0)
+    pry-byebug (3.12.0)
+      byebug (~> 13.0)
+      pry (>= 0.13, < 0.17)
+    pstore (0.2.1)
+    public_suffix (7.0.5)
+    racc (1.8.1)
+    rack (3.2.6)
+    rack-protection (4.2.1)
+      base64 (>= 0.1.0)
+      logger (>= 1.6.0)
+      rack (>= 3.0.0, < 4)
+    rack-session (2.1.2)
+      base64 (>= 0.1.0)
+      rack (>= 3.0.0)
+    rainbow (3.1.1)
+    rake (13.4.2)
+    rbs (4.1.2)
+      logger
+      prism (>= 1.6.0)
+      tsort
+    rdoc (8.0.0)
+      erb
+      prism (>= 1.6.0)
+      rbs (>= 4.0.0)
+      tsort
+    readline (0.0.4)
+      reline
+    redcarpet (3.6.1)
+    regexp_parser (2.12.0)
+    reline (0.6.3)
+      io-console (~> 0.5)
+    rubocop (1.88.2)
+      json (~> 2.3)
+      language_server-protocol (~> 3.17.0.2)
+      lint_roller (~> 1.1.0)
+      parallel (>= 1.10)
+      parser (>= 3.3.0.2)
+      rainbow (>= 2.2.2, < 4.0)
+      regexp_parser (>= 2.9.3, < 3.0)
+      rubocop-ast (>= 1.49.0, < 2.0)
+      ruby-progressbar (~> 1.7)
+      unicode-display_width (>= 2.4.0, < 4.0)
+    rubocop-ast (1.50.0)
+      parser (>= 3.3.7.2)
+      prism (~> 1.7)
+    ruby-progressbar (1.13.0)
+    securerandom (0.4.1)
+    signet (0.22.0)
+      addressable (~> 2.8)
+      faraday (>= 0.17.5, < 3.a)
+      jwt (>= 1.5, < 4.0)
+    simplecov (0.22.0)
+      docile (~> 1.1)
+      simplecov-html (~> 0.11)
+      simplecov_json_formatter (~> 0.1)
+    simplecov-html (0.13.2)
+    simplecov_json_formatter (0.1.4)
+    sinatra (4.2.1)
+      logger (>= 1.6.0)
+      mustermann (~> 3.0)
+      rack (>= 3.0.0, < 4)
+      rack-protection (= 4.2.1)
+      rack-session (>= 2.0.0, < 3)
+      tilt (~> 2.0)
+    sinatra-activerecord (2.0.28)
+      activerecord (>= 4.1)
+      sinatra (>= 1.0)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-aarch64-linux-gnu)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-aarch64-linux-musl)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-arm-linux-gnu)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-arm-linux-musl)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-arm64-darwin)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86-linux-gnu)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86-linux-musl)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86_64-darwin)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86_64-linux-gnu)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86_64-linux-musl)
+    thor (1.5.0)
+    tilt (2.8.0)
+    timeout (0.6.1)
+    tsort (0.2.0)
+    tzinfo (2.0.6)
+      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
+    unicode-display_width (3.2.0)
+      unicode-emoji (~> 4.1)
+    unicode-emoji (4.2.0)
+    uri (1.1.1)
+    yard (0.9.45)
+    yard-doctest (0.1.17)
+      minitest
+      yard
+
+PLATFORMS
+  aarch64-linux-gnu
+  aarch64-linux-musl
+  arm-linux-gnu
+  arm-linux-musl
+  arm64-darwin
+  x86-linux-gnu
+  x86-linux-musl
+  x86_64-darwin
+  x86_64-linux-gnu
+  x86_64-linux-musl
+
+DEPENDENCIES
+  activerecord (~> 8.0.0)
+  activerecord-spanner-adapter!
+  appraisal (~> 2.5)
+  autotest-suffix (~> 1.1)
+  bundler (>= 2.0, < 5.0)
+  docker-api
+  google-style (~> 1.32.0)
+  irb
+  minitest (~> 5.27.0)
+  minitest-autotest (~> 1.0)
+  minitest-focus (~> 1.1)
+  minitest-rg (~> 5.4.0)
+  mutex_m
+  ostruct
+  pry (~> 0.16.0)
+  pry-byebug (~> 3.12.0)
+  rake (~> 13.0)
+  readline
+  redcarpet (~> 3.0)
+  simplecov (~> 0.9)
+  sinatra-activerecord
+  sqlite3
+  yard (~> 0.9)
+  yard-doctest (~> 0.1.13)
+
+CHECKSUMS
+  activemodel (8.0.5.1) sha256=559be32aa9c40db7a3ee0aef926d4508a9ebd22f96f7276c11326d21a7dff4a4
+  activerecord (8.0.5.1) sha256=9252968fce404d75eb17092498a440d472167f2f8deee32b4658d6552b1eeea7
+  activerecord-spanner-adapter (2.6.0)
+  activesupport (8.0.5.1) sha256=329a4280c4fbcfcf338ae2cb9df28b0b14527929dba105e10b3604516d998710
+  addressable (2.9.0) sha256=7fdf6ac3660f7f4e867a0838be3f6cf722ace541dd97767fa42bc6cfa980c7af
+  appraisal (2.5.0) sha256=36989221be127913b0dba8d114da2001e6b2dceea7bd4951200eaba764eed3ce
+  ast (2.4.3) sha256=954615157c1d6a382bc27d690d973195e79db7f55e9765ac7c481c60bdb4d383
+  autotest-suffix (1.1.0) sha256=9bb29331b7b66a9659b01ef10839bd61fc1a6e95477c8ea710bd01e10c380977
+  base64 (0.3.0) sha256=27337aeabad6ffae05c265c450490628ef3ebd4b67be58257393227588f5a97b
+  benchmark (0.5.0) sha256=465df122341aedcb81a2a24b4d3bd19b6c67c1530713fd533f3ff034e419236c
+  bigdecimal (3.3.1) sha256=eaa01e228be54c4f9f53bf3cc34fe3d5e845c31963e7fcc5bedb05a4e7d52218
+  bundler (4.0.14) sha256=d09a0a965cf772266a7e49e83610be7c2f4e49e61134c42a56804bb383cc24b8
+  byebug (13.0.0) sha256=d2263efe751941ca520fa29744b71972d39cbc41839496706f5d9b22e92ae05d
+  coderay (1.1.3) sha256=dc530018a4684512f8f38143cd2a096c9f02a1fc2459edcfe534787a7fc77d4b
+  concurrent-ruby (1.3.8) sha256=b2f1be836e968ccc78ccfce277ea79c72a88633f22306782c16ff23fb415d1e1
+  connection_pool (3.0.2) sha256=33fff5ba71a12d2aa26cb72b1db8bba2a1a01823559fb01d29eb74c286e62e0a
+  docile (1.4.1) sha256=96159be799bfa73cdb721b840e9802126e4e03dfc26863db73647204c727f21e
+  docker-api (2.4.0) sha256=824be734f4cc8718189be9c8e795b6414acbbf7e8b082a06f959a27dd8dd63e6
+  drb (2.2.3) sha256=0b00d6fdb50995fe4a45dea13663493c841112e4068656854646f418fda13373
+  erb (6.0.6) sha256=a9b24986700f5bf127c4f297c5403c3ca41b83b0a316c0cd09a096b56e644ae5
+  excon (1.6.0) sha256=ebe2ab83c055ef8e117c62c91a3535b966a59a64868188219d49ab90cd83b65f
+  faraday (2.14.3) sha256=1882247e6766615c8220b4392bf1d27f6ebb63d8e28267587cef1fb0bf37f278
+  faraday-net_http (3.4.4) sha256=0e78af151747ed1b00f33e25973b4bc220d7f16c00c39676817c8b12331eb588
+  faraday-retry (2.4.0) sha256=7b79c48fb7e56526faf247b12d94a680071ff40c9fda7cf1ec1549439ad11ebe
+  gapic-common (1.3.0) sha256=4e5d9be1effb7366e2cda13c0f44922285d5613ac8de8b9b18c2c835fe4faa91
+  google-cloud-core (1.9.0) sha256=ab55409f51488e8deefb6edcc1ce4771dfb5da2fe7b3bc075709a030c2b682a4
+  google-cloud-env (2.4.0) sha256=01cb35ecee5d1c4d1cd4deaed8bb5bddc838e296bcc2a35c5d1ddd07ce40d28d
+  google-cloud-errors (1.7.0) sha256=6e682f42d89aae08689f36f28495de629d756da076bafff0003bac7f8042ebb3
+  google-cloud-spanner (2.36.0) sha256=91abbf55d6ce8e054edd838977a907152ff9ff491f34690409bbe6b9a82c0c5c
+  google-cloud-spanner-admin-database-v1 (1.6.1) sha256=6b8758e4def80d69e9ee64a42078d3a59ab028a638f7a849abd8130cf85add9b
+  google-cloud-spanner-admin-instance-v1 (1.6.0) sha256=1775b56518665854b27af393378761e6ff9b12156d746168df7bb14ce0138d54
+  google-cloud-spanner-v1 (1.19.0) sha256=f5b03cdd753f70e0977c3f71a7fc61ff0f188957f8dda54a289fd8dc09c4b1bd
+  google-logging-utils (0.2.0) sha256=675462b4ea5affa825a3442694ca2d75d0069455a1d0956127207498fca3df7b
+  google-protobuf (4.35.1) sha256=a3a6471331d918f58dfa4d014a8f6286f0af2cf4840216bde52fcf2ea3fe3726
+  google-protobuf (4.35.1-aarch64-linux-gnu) sha256=50ca44d0eeff3f8475e630a1accdd974256f3510694d574e2c9d6119ea8bc9e1
+  google-protobuf (4.35.1-aarch64-linux-musl) sha256=d5c65cef6bd6498a9e5ed5f88cf6cf7e341c10b0a005e32137d5d1a2b6e8c18a
+  google-protobuf (4.35.1-arm64-darwin) sha256=d9c957df04fa89c749fa9a72a7b383eb4296efc9b2303dc6fd6fbe39c698ad6b
+  google-protobuf (4.35.1-x86-linux-gnu) sha256=cc7492566b27ad8b5dfa3a7b6f9b11e905050cc53c2fa8ff22de375a9e7a70fb
+  google-protobuf (4.35.1-x86-linux-musl) sha256=ab403790b59e4dc588ffbed1eaacf05d4ca2f0d12ac9c13d6c64e69380d8c99e
+  google-protobuf (4.35.1-x86_64-darwin) sha256=66b62b4df00931018a692806df66393efa960d6d2b7da69735187249f950d3ee
+  google-protobuf (4.35.1-x86_64-linux-gnu) sha256=c786439087512a3fbd199e9897d265b855f951d4027e218ea55e858d45969edd
+  google-protobuf (4.35.1-x86_64-linux-musl) sha256=91890eb0002934a339fdb7d77a147c46b7474b6799db27872b747b905837f744
+  google-style (1.32.0) sha256=3b13068979e5b8caa067ecce9bf818b6cf0e5eb706ead41c5b905f237d9bfb01
+  googleapis-common-protos (1.10.0) sha256=13e47ad0ce85d3d30065c03863efd302a82b0e08ba576f2a9b9dbbfeecb57ee0
+  googleapis-common-protos-types (1.23.0) sha256=992e740a523794d9fc5f29a504465d8fc737aaa16c930fe7228e3346860faf0a
+  googleauth (1.17.3) sha256=9a655455885c0c17a8b70537acd2a992a7c7842c43c06c6612dfb0d93e755d58
+  grpc (1.83.0) sha256=38119e7f9f7cbc98e79145201da4be470a7542b0befad454651d35015ea55c59
+  grpc (1.83.0-aarch64-linux-gnu) sha256=11562efdded494b2277fd9c3c530dfdf90177faa111526ae9e748d0be29f1a9d
+  grpc (1.83.0-aarch64-linux-musl) sha256=ee745eab4f3922ed27d379cbc4bc0a99e58db367fa96312e9fe258aafd3afeb2
+  grpc (1.83.0-arm64-darwin) sha256=25dd772aa80529f014d70da069787cd39b469c9edacbe493da4ff19952a147e2
+  grpc (1.83.0-x86-linux-gnu) sha256=e9b20f54b8e8915f3921f12b266742e79da2c31d60e88295e15d0d16ea3cfd55
+  grpc (1.83.0-x86-linux-musl) sha256=868e66d9c2a77eca1a93292fd879565219821fb5888673aedd08154303c9520c
+  grpc (1.83.0-x86_64-darwin) sha256=cfad91d559d1907159a5247fb12dc112a8ea0ebe2027ca7f5ab648d01a645716
+  grpc (1.83.0-x86_64-linux-gnu) sha256=25d66bfa3cb1b05258b3f9632478c7e7ceb52cb16ccc0b4b26d7df36be7158b1
+  grpc (1.83.0-x86_64-linux-musl) sha256=a5023264dbb8038c23b147bbf80adb06932ef11b5ab493412e9e37a43114fa8c
+  grpc-google-iam-v1 (1.10.0) sha256=13a4ace4f7495b913f202880a5431f7e53633af3dd6d7df8c4224bd2dac23a9a
+  i18n (1.15.2) sha256=00f9eb62412fe593b2a65a97daa75300d37abb8f7202ec748e94b6d46a9dd1b5
+  io-console (0.8.2) sha256=d6e3ae7a7cc7574f4b8893b4fca2162e57a825b223a177b7afa236c5ef9814cc
+  irb (1.18.0) sha256=de9454a0703a54704b9811a5ef31a60c86949fbf4013fcf244fabc7c775248e3
+  json (2.21.2) sha256=1f1d3b7cf2b3ba1a69beca0bb6db13d5438b80bff3cd54cdaaa620b9b07c1c6a
+  jwt (3.2.0) sha256=5419b1fe37b1da0982bd07051f573a8b8789ab724c2aa7e785e4784a3ed217d7
+  language_server-protocol (3.17.0.6) sha256=5ef2c0c138f8267e1bc631d3328347d354f96724b0af22f2c79516120443b7f0
+  lint_roller (1.1.0) sha256=2c0c845b632a7d172cb849cc90c1bce937a28c5c8ccccb50dfd46a485003cc87
+  logger (1.7.0) sha256=196edec7cc44b66cfb40f9755ce11b392f21f7967696af15d274dde7edff0203
+  method_source (1.1.0) sha256=181301c9c45b731b4769bc81e8860e72f9161ad7d66dd99103c9ab84f560f5c5
+  minitest (5.27.0) sha256=2d3b17f8a36fe7801c1adcffdbc38233b938eb0b4966e97a6739055a45fa77d5
+  minitest-autotest (1.2.0) sha256=60d031cba705215450662b0060f03f96507682b346a19c27f6756751ad92d2b4
+  minitest-focus (1.4.1) sha256=394517cbe2dcb2d992d8ffc41a3b2b6315777a4daa69239de4fefe7110dd810e
+  minitest-rg (5.4.0) sha256=54d42bb8ce876381245be5866f3c1dd704ef79c06ba5c9ff280c0aa28c56effb
+  minitest-server (1.0.10) sha256=275439bf3ffc433fcbe161733248f1d9749ebf122892cf010bf864aaa95cef75
+  multi_json (1.21.1) sha256=e6126a31808e3b4d19f483c775ceac34df190dffa62adfb63a165ee14ba68080
+  mustermann (3.1.1) sha256=4c6170c7234d5499c345562ba7c7dfe73e1754286dcc1abb053064d66a127198
+  mutex_m (0.3.0) sha256=cfcb04ac16b69c4813777022fdceda24e9f798e48092a2b817eb4c0a782b0751
+  net-http (0.9.1) sha256=25ba0b67c63e89df626ed8fac771d0ad24ad151a858af2cc8e6a716ca4336996
+  os (1.1.4) sha256=57816d6a334e7bd6aed048f4b0308226c5fb027433b67d90a9ab435f35108d3f
+  ostruct (0.6.3) sha256=95a2ed4a4bd1d190784e666b47b2d3f078e4a9efda2fccf18f84ddc6538ed912
+  parallel (1.28.0) sha256=33e6de1484baf2524792d178b0913fc8eb94c628d6cfe45599ad4458c638c970
+  parser (3.3.12.0) sha256=21a6d7f755d5a24dfbdc6e6b772e4e879a52e7631a88bc5a3a134606052c9828
+  path_expander (2.0.1) sha256=2de201164bff4719cc4d0b3767286e9977cc832a59c4d70abab571ec86cb41e4
+  pp (0.6.4) sha256=dfcb0fce700c41456265922884f9fe195d7fbb0674a3578e6c0f69588e82b570
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+  prism (1.9.0) sha256=7b530c6a9f92c24300014919c9dcbc055bf4cdf51ec30aed099b06cd6674ef85
+  pry (0.16.0) sha256=d76c69065698ed1f85e717bd33d7942c38a50868f6b0673c636192b3d1b6054e
+  pry-byebug (3.12.0) sha256=594e094ae8a8390a7ad4c7b36ae36e13304ed02664c67417d108dc5f7213d1b7
+  pstore (0.2.1) sha256=03904d0f2c66579e96d1e6704cdabc0c88df7ea8ed8782d9f3569f6f6c702c1a
+  public_suffix (7.0.5) sha256=1a8bb08f1bbea19228d3bed6e5ed908d1cb4f7c2726d18bd9cadf60bc676f623
+  racc (1.8.1) sha256=4a7f6929691dbec8b5209a0b373bc2614882b55fc5d2e447a21aaa691303d62f
+  rack (3.2.6) sha256=5ed78e1f73b2e25679bec7d45ee2d4483cc4146eb1be0264fc4d94cb5ef212c2
+  rack-protection (4.2.1) sha256=cf6e2842df8c55f5e4d1a4be015e603e19e9bc3a7178bae58949ccbb58558bac
+  rack-session (2.1.2) sha256=595434f8c0c3473ae7d7ac56ecda6cc6dfd9d37c0b2b5255330aa1576967ffe8
+  rainbow (3.1.1) sha256=039491aa3a89f42efa1d6dec2fc4e62ede96eb6acd95e52f1ad581182b79bc6a
+  rake (13.4.2) sha256=cb825b2bd5f1f8e91ca37bddb4b9aaf345551b4731da62949be002fa89283701
+  rbs (4.1.2) sha256=050eb1d8b508f1233bed929c0f2c7052302f7adf295230d9cb314e9024078f48
+  rdoc (8.0.0) sha256=03bf8c08a9639658855a0cfd77c0abca8325c227693f7f33f82957811348c469
+  readline (0.0.4) sha256=6138eef17be2b98298b672c3ea63bf9cb5158d401324f26e1e84f235879c1d6a
+  redcarpet (3.6.1) sha256=d444910e6aa55480c6bcdc0cdb057626e8a32c054c29e793fa642ba2f155f445
+  regexp_parser (2.12.0) sha256=35a916a1d63190ab5c9009457136ae5f3c0c7512d60291d0d1378ba18ce08ebb
+  reline (0.6.3) sha256=1198b04973565b36ec0f11542ab3f5cfeeec34823f4e54cebde90968092b1835
+  rubocop (1.88.2) sha256=8def251c90cd955feb4daa3edc0ab56893250c4ce90ef81e6c80c03f9a939bbf
+  rubocop-ast (1.50.0) sha256=b9ca88300da0803ee222ad20cdb30494c0a784eed06fdc35d254b06d662788db
+  ruby-progressbar (1.13.0) sha256=80fc9c47a9b640d6834e0dc7b3c94c9df37f08cb072b7761e4a71e22cff29b33
+  securerandom (0.4.1) sha256=cc5193d414a4341b6e225f0cb4446aceca8e50d5e1888743fac16987638ea0b1
+  signet (0.22.0) sha256=b76d495ccb07ad35dbc89f3e920665a9d8ed717141955034005d7843dcfe4780
+  simplecov (0.22.0) sha256=fe2622c7834ff23b98066bb0a854284b2729a569ac659f82621fc22ef36213a5
+  simplecov-html (0.13.2) sha256=bd0b8e54e7c2d7685927e8d6286466359b6f16b18cb0df47b508e8d73c777246
+  simplecov_json_formatter (0.1.4) sha256=529418fbe8de1713ac2b2d612aa3daa56d316975d307244399fa4838c601b428
+  sinatra (4.2.1) sha256=b7aeb9b11d046b552972ade834f1f9be98b185fa8444480688e3627625377080
+  sinatra-activerecord (2.0.28) sha256=99f352c2dfa244d02b4f877efbe00135360b758390b8bb7bc2d4d91171c93811
+  sqlite3 (2.9.5-aarch64-linux-gnu) sha256=78075b6337d3d182c6d2b4691049ed45cd220826160c9ea18946bf6a1de200dc
+  sqlite3 (2.9.5-aarch64-linux-musl) sha256=18c801185deb4adc01ddb281e8f672a39e3d1729979ca91e39439cd3eac0402d
+  sqlite3 (2.9.5-arm-linux-gnu) sha256=1bdfca0c7d63998c60b0f4a8e3c8df2d33800ccc4abd2d612eddbbbc92a4c48b
+  sqlite3 (2.9.5-arm-linux-musl) sha256=bae1109d12b2e9f588455967729b008e1ff4feb7761749df695019c9079913c6
+  sqlite3 (2.9.5-arm64-darwin) sha256=d0cf444a70fc9395d513cfbcc1e6719e224aa645314e3824cb0474c721425aa2
+  sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86-linux-gnu) sha256=c94b96b16f17796be6fa099d15218b52e396f55690c4760faaaefa21ebab9dd5
+  sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86-linux-musl) sha256=063a8c13cbadfe7f29453b1706cbdf91fca4a78d244f816ff20bac4fb259f1e4
+  sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86_64-darwin) sha256=8e9caae38bd7ebb29cbeee3e7ab1d12dc2327d9a1b92c7fcf0dda05589627a81
+  sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86_64-linux-gnu) sha256=233dbcb6714148dd23bc5aeb33e8efd6eac974969564ddd5794c23d5f52b231e
+  sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86_64-linux-musl) sha256=e7d3a7474e8af0f96150c21abc203fbab5437206bfcdf11deab7741c0ca516f2
+  thor (1.5.0) sha256=e3a9e55fe857e44859ce104a84675ab6e8cd59c650a49106a05f55f136425e73
+  tilt (2.8.0) sha256=ba472eb2716fe1e04112d6d219a9dae938ec09a6a1e2ad3ecc7922e79bde3721
+  timeout (0.6.1) sha256=78f57368a7e7bbadec56971f78a3f5ecbcfb59b7fcbb0a3ed6ddc08a5094accb
+  tsort (0.2.0) sha256=9650a793f6859a43b6641671278f79cfead60ac714148aabe4e3f0060480089f
+  tzinfo (2.0.6) sha256=8daf828cc77bcf7d63b0e3bdb6caa47e2272dcfaf4fbfe46f8c3a9df087a829b
+  unicode-display_width (3.2.0) sha256=0cdd96b5681a5949cdbc2c55e7b420facae74c4aaf9a9815eee1087cb1853c42
+  unicode-emoji (4.2.0) sha256=519e69150f75652e40bf736106cfbc8f0f73aa3fb6a65afe62fefa7f80b0f80f
+  uri (1.1.1) sha256=379fa58d27ffb1387eaada68c749d1426738bd0f654d812fcc07e7568f5c57c6
+  yard (0.9.45) sha256=52e211493f7cb8a3ebf7e104a25a1e73937a3103092545d34cb88fafebb3dc51
+  yard-doctest (0.1.17) sha256=7cb35a75d99f58fc42ee72d3542a36e227237b621a40aebc391c95988b72847f
+
+BUNDLED WITH
+  4.0.14
diff --git a/gemfiles/8.1.gemfile b/gemfiles/8.1.gemfile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..88dbf054
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gemfiles/8.1.gemfile
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# This file was generated by Appraisal
+
+source "https://rubygems.org"
+
+gem "activerecord", "~> 8.1.0"
+gem "ostruct"
+gem "minitest", "~> 5.27.0"
+gem "minitest-rg", "~> 5.4.0"
+gem "pry", "~> 0.16.0"
+gem "pry-byebug", "~> 3.12.0"
+gem "readline"
+gem "mutex_m"
+gem "irb"
+gem "sqlite3"
+gem "docker-api"
+gem "sinatra-activerecord"
+
+gemspec path: "../"
diff --git a/gemfiles/8.1.gemfile.lock b/gemfiles/8.1.gemfile.lock
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..546e66a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gemfiles/8.1.gemfile.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,478 @@
+PATH
+  remote: ..
+  specs:
+    activerecord-spanner-adapter (2.6.0)
+      activerecord (>= 7.0, < 9)
+      google-cloud-spanner (~> 2.25)
+      google-cloud-spanner-v1 (~> 1.7)
+
+GEM
+  remote: https://rubygems.org/
+  specs:
+    activemodel (8.1.3.1)
+      activesupport (= 8.1.3.1)
+    activerecord (8.1.3.1)
+      activemodel (= 8.1.3.1)
+      activesupport (= 8.1.3.1)
+      timeout (>= 0.4.0)
+    activesupport (8.1.3.1)
+      base64
+      bigdecimal
+      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0, >= 1.3.1)
+      connection_pool (>= 2.2.5)
+      drb
+      i18n (>= 1.6, < 2)
+      json
+      logger (>= 1.4.2)
+      minitest (>= 5.1)
+      securerandom (>= 0.3)
+      tzinfo (~> 2.0, >= 2.0.5)
+      uri (>= 0.13.1)
+    addressable (2.9.0)
+      public_suffix (>= 2.0.2, < 8.0)
+    appraisal (2.5.0)
+      bundler
+      rake
+      thor (>= 0.14.0)
+    ast (2.4.3)
+    autotest-suffix (1.1.0)
+    base64 (0.3.0)
+    bigdecimal (3.3.1)
+    byebug (13.0.0)
+      reline (>= 0.6.0)
+    coderay (1.1.3)
+    concurrent-ruby (1.3.8)
+    connection_pool (3.0.2)
+    docile (1.4.1)
+    docker-api (2.4.0)
+      excon (>= 0.64.0)
+      multi_json
+    drb (2.2.3)
+    erb (6.0.6)
+    excon (1.6.0)
+      logger
+    faraday (2.14.3)
+      faraday-net_http (>= 2.0, < 3.5)
+      json
+      logger
+    faraday-net_http (3.4.4)
+      net-http (~> 0.5)
+    faraday-retry (2.4.0)
+      faraday (~> 2.0)
+    gapic-common (1.3.0)
+      faraday (>= 1.9, < 3.a)
+      faraday-retry (>= 1.0, < 3.a)
+      google-cloud-env (~> 2.2)
+      google-logging-utils (~> 0.1)
+      google-protobuf (~> 4.26)
+      googleapis-common-protos (~> 1.6)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.15)
+      googleauth (~> 1.12)
+      grpc (~> 1.66)
+    google-cloud-core (1.9.0)
+      google-cloud-env (>= 1.0, < 3.a)
+      google-cloud-errors (~> 1.0)
+    google-cloud-env (2.4.0)
+      base64 (~> 0.2)
+      faraday (>= 1.0, < 3.a)
+    google-cloud-errors (1.7.0)
+    google-cloud-spanner (2.36.0)
+      bigdecimal (~> 3.0)
+      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
+      google-cloud-core (~> 1.7)
+      google-cloud-spanner-admin-database-v1 (~> 1.4)
+      google-cloud-spanner-admin-instance-v1 (~> 1.6)
+      google-cloud-spanner-v1 (~> 1.6)
+    google-cloud-spanner-admin-database-v1 (1.6.1)
+      gapic-common (>= 0.25.0, < 2.a)
+      google-cloud-errors (~> 1.0)
+      grpc-google-iam-v1 (~> 1.1)
+    google-cloud-spanner-admin-instance-v1 (1.6.0)
+      gapic-common (>= 0.25.0, < 2.a)
+      google-cloud-errors (~> 1.0)
+      grpc-google-iam-v1 (~> 1.1)
+    google-cloud-spanner-v1 (1.19.0)
+      gapic-common (~> 1.3)
+      google-cloud-errors (~> 1.0)
+    google-logging-utils (0.2.0)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1-aarch64-linux-gnu)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1-aarch64-linux-musl)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1-arm64-darwin)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1-x86-linux-gnu)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1-x86-linux-musl)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1-x86_64-darwin)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1-x86_64-linux-gnu)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-protobuf (4.35.1-x86_64-linux-musl)
+      bigdecimal
+      rake (~> 13.3)
+    google-style (1.32.0)
+      rubocop (~> 1.76)
+    googleapis-common-protos (1.10.0)
+      google-protobuf (~> 4.26)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.21)
+      grpc (~> 1.41)
+    googleapis-common-protos-types (1.23.0)
+      google-protobuf (~> 4.26)
+    googleauth (1.17.3)
+      faraday (>= 1.0, < 3.a)
+      google-cloud-env (~> 2.2)
+      google-logging-utils (~> 0.1)
+      jwt (>= 1.4, < 4.0)
+      os (>= 0.9, < 2.0)
+      pstore (~> 0.1)
+      signet (>= 0.16, < 2.a)
+    grpc (1.83.0)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc (1.83.0-aarch64-linux-gnu)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc (1.83.0-aarch64-linux-musl)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc (1.83.0-arm64-darwin)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc (1.83.0-x86-linux-gnu)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc (1.83.0-x86-linux-musl)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc (1.83.0-x86_64-darwin)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc (1.83.0-x86_64-linux-gnu)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc (1.83.0-x86_64-linux-musl)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.25, < 5.0)
+      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
+    grpc-google-iam-v1 (1.10.0)
+      google-protobuf (>= 3.18, < 5.a)
+      googleapis-common-protos (~> 1.4)
+      grpc (~> 1.41)
+    i18n (1.15.2)
+      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
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+    irb (1.18.0)
+      pp (>= 0.6.0)
+      prism (>= 1.3.0)
+      rdoc (>= 4.0.0)
+      reline (>= 0.4.2)
+    json (2.21.2)
+    jwt (3.2.0)
+      base64
+    language_server-protocol (3.17.0.6)
+    lint_roller (1.1.0)
+    logger (1.7.0)
+    method_source (1.1.0)
+    minitest (5.27.0)
+    minitest-autotest (1.2.0)
+      minitest-server (~> 1.0)
+      path_expander (~> 2.0)
+    minitest-focus (1.4.1)
+      minitest (> 5.0)
+    minitest-rg (5.4.0)
+      minitest (>= 5.0, < 7)
+    minitest-server (1.0.10)
+      drb (~> 2.0)
+      minitest (~> 5.16)
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+    net-http (0.9.1)
+      uri (>= 0.11.1)
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+      ast (~> 2.4.1)
+      racc
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+    prettyprint (0.2.0)
+    prism (1.9.0)
+    pry (0.16.0)
+      coderay (~> 1.1)
+      method_source (~> 1.0)
+      reline (>= 0.6.0)
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+      byebug (~> 13.0)
+      pry (>= 0.13, < 0.17)
+    pstore (0.2.1)
+    public_suffix (7.0.5)
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+      base64 (>= 0.1.0)
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+      base64 (>= 0.1.0)
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+      io-console (~> 0.5)
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+      json (~> 2.3)
+      language_server-protocol (~> 3.17.0.2)
+      lint_roller (~> 1.1.0)
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+      ruby-progressbar (~> 1.7)
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+    rubocop-ast (1.50.0)
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+      addressable (~> 2.8)
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+      jwt (>= 1.5, < 4.0)
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+      docile (~> 1.1)
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+      simplecov_json_formatter (~> 0.1)
+    simplecov-html (0.13.2)
+    simplecov_json_formatter (0.1.4)
+    sinatra (4.2.1)
+      logger (>= 1.6.0)
+      mustermann (~> 3.0)
+      rack (>= 3.0.0, < 4)
+      rack-protection (= 4.2.1)
+      rack-session (>= 2.0.0, < 3)
+      tilt (~> 2.0)
+    sinatra-activerecord (2.0.28)
+      activerecord (>= 4.1)
+      sinatra (>= 1.0)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-aarch64-linux-gnu)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-aarch64-linux-musl)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-arm-linux-gnu)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-arm-linux-musl)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-arm64-darwin)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86-linux-gnu)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86-linux-musl)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86_64-darwin)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86_64-linux-gnu)
+    sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86_64-linux-musl)
+    thor (1.5.0)
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+      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
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+      unicode-emoji (~> 4.1)
+    unicode-emoji (4.2.0)
+    uri (1.1.1)
+    yard (0.9.45)
+    yard-doctest (0.1.17)
+      minitest
+      yard
+
+PLATFORMS
+  aarch64-linux-gnu
+  aarch64-linux-musl
+  arm-linux-gnu
+  arm-linux-musl
+  arm64-darwin
+  x86-linux-gnu
+  x86-linux-musl
+  x86_64-darwin
+  x86_64-linux-gnu
+  x86_64-linux-musl
+
+DEPENDENCIES
+  activerecord (~> 8.1.0)
+  activerecord-spanner-adapter!
+  appraisal (~> 2.5)
+  autotest-suffix (~> 1.1)
+  bundler (>= 2.0, < 5.0)
+  docker-api
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+  mutex_m
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+  pry-byebug (~> 3.12.0)
+  rake (~> 13.0)
+  readline
+  redcarpet (~> 3.0)
+  simplecov (~> 0.9)
+  sinatra-activerecord
+  sqlite3
+  yard (~> 0.9)
+  yard-doctest (~> 0.1.13)
+
+CHECKSUMS
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+  simplecov-html (0.13.2) sha256=bd0b8e54e7c2d7685927e8d6286466359b6f16b18cb0df47b508e8d73c777246
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+  sinatra-activerecord (2.0.28) sha256=99f352c2dfa244d02b4f877efbe00135360b758390b8bb7bc2d4d91171c93811
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+  sqlite3 (2.9.5-arm-linux-musl) sha256=bae1109d12b2e9f588455967729b008e1ff4feb7761749df695019c9079913c6
+  sqlite3 (2.9.5-arm64-darwin) sha256=d0cf444a70fc9395d513cfbcc1e6719e224aa645314e3824cb0474c721425aa2
+  sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86-linux-gnu) sha256=c94b96b16f17796be6fa099d15218b52e396f55690c4760faaaefa21ebab9dd5
+  sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86-linux-musl) sha256=063a8c13cbadfe7f29453b1706cbdf91fca4a78d244f816ff20bac4fb259f1e4
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+  sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86_64-linux-gnu) sha256=233dbcb6714148dd23bc5aeb33e8efd6eac974969564ddd5794c23d5f52b231e
+  sqlite3 (2.9.5-x86_64-linux-musl) sha256=e7d3a7474e8af0f96150c21abc203fbab5437206bfcdf11deab7741c0ca516f2
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+  unicode-display_width (3.2.0) sha256=0cdd96b5681a5949cdbc2c55e7b420facae74c4aaf9a9815eee1087cb1853c42
+  unicode-emoji (4.2.0) sha256=519e69150f75652e40bf736106cfbc8f0f73aa3fb6a65afe62fefa7f80b0f80f
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+  yard-doctest (0.1.17) sha256=7cb35a75d99f58fc42ee72d3542a36e227237b621a40aebc391c95988b72847f
+
+BUNDLED WITH
+  4.0.14