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Notes.md

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Notes taken during the courses

Contents

  1. Programming Fundamentals

  2. Structured Programming

1. Programming Fundamentals

Main topics

  1. How to use the compiler (GCC and Vim);
  2. Lexical elements (identifiers, constants, operators, punctuation, keywords,comments)
  3. Fundamental data types (int, float, char)
  4. Flow of control (compound statement, loops, decision)
  5. Functions (call by value, definition, declaration, prototype, storage class {static})
  6. Arrays, Pointers and Strings (call by ref)

Comma operator

The comma operator is written as this;

    expression1, expression2

and its semantics are first expression1 gets evaluated. Only after that does expression2 get evaluated and the value of the overall expression is expression2.

    c = ( a = 0 , b = 1);
    printf("%d.", c);     //It will print 1

Things to think about

A function largely should should do one thing well. This do one thing, they don't move multiple things.

Keep the function in one page. It should be like a paragraph. It is easy to test. A function is a unit you can manage and test efficiently (pre conditions and pos conditions)

2. Structured Programming

Main topcis

  1. Enumerations as ADT
  2. The C preprocessor
  3. Assert code
  4. ADT stack
  5. ADT lis
  6. Binary trees
  7. File I/O
  8. Intro to C++

ADT

Abstract Data Type is a concept or model of a data type. An abstract data type is defined by its behavior (semantics) from the point of view of a user, of the data, specifically in terms of possible values, possible operations on data of this type, and the behavior of these operations. From Wikipedia.

The C preprocessor

The C preprocessor does things before the actual code got compiled, like link in standard files (#include <stdio.h>, #include <math.h>, which means go and look it in a standard place and get one of the C standard header file), and it also does macro expansion (#define C 123.56).

Now in more modern languages, those are frequently just a component of the overall compiler and there's frequently nothing to do with a preprocessor.

Tip to compile and expand macros:

gcc -E -o file_expanded.c file.c

Stack ADT

LIFO: Last in first out.

Operations (verbs): push, pop, top, empty, full and reset.

3. C++ For C Programmers, Part A

Main topcis

  1. C++ as a Better C
  2. Converting C program to C++
  3. Basic of Generics and Classes

Notes concerning Classes

The goal of Objec Oriented Programming is to make your object seems natural, seem compatible with the existing programming language data type such as int or float.