diff --git a/specification/resources/insights/examples/curl/insights_post_spansSearch.yml b/specification/resources/insights/examples/curl/insights_post_spansSearch.yml
index 66c20f1c1..478e128e4 100644
--- a/specification/resources/insights/examples/curl/insights_post_spansSearch.yml
+++ b/specification/resources/insights/examples/curl/insights_post_spansSearch.yml
@@ -4,29 +4,28 @@ source: |-
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $DIGITALOCEAN_TOKEN" \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
     -d '{
-      "timeRange": {
+      "time_range": {
         "from": {"relative": "1h"},
         "to": {"relative": "now"}
       },
       "filter": {
-        "type": "and",
-        "expressions": [
-          {
-            "type": "condition",
-            "field": {"name": "service.name"},
-            "operator": "eq",
-            "value": {"type": "string", "value": "api-gateway"}
-          },
-          {
-            "type": "condition",
-            "field": {"name": "statusCode"},
-            "operator": "eq",
-            "value": {"type": "string", "value": "Error"}
-          }
-        ]
+        "and": {
+          "expressions": [
+            {"condition": {
+              "field": {"name": "service.name"},
+              "operator": "FILTER_OPERATOR_EQ",
+              "value": {"string_value": "api-gateway"}
+            }},
+            {"condition": {
+              "field": {"name": "status_code"},
+              "operator": "FILTER_OPERATOR_EQ",
+              "value": {"string_value": "Error"}
+            }}
+          ]
+        }
       },
-      "orderBy": [
-        {"field": {"name": "startTime"}, "direction": "desc"}
+      "order_by": [
+        {"field": {"name": "start_time"}, "direction": "desc"}
       ],
       "pagination": {"limit": 100}
     }' \
diff --git a/specification/resources/insights/examples/curl/insights_post_tracesSearch.yml b/specification/resources/insights/examples/curl/insights_post_tracesSearch.yml
index 54d80abb3..bad995bc0 100644
--- a/specification/resources/insights/examples/curl/insights_post_tracesSearch.yml
+++ b/specification/resources/insights/examples/curl/insights_post_tracesSearch.yml
@@ -4,18 +4,19 @@ source: |-
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $DIGITALOCEAN_TOKEN" \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
     -d '{
-      "timeRange": {
+      "time_range": {
         "from": {"relative": "24h"},
         "to": {"relative": "now"}
       },
       "filter": {
-        "type": "and",
-        "expressions": [
-          {"type": "condition", "field": {"name": "service.name"}, "operator": "eq", "value": "checkout-api"},
-          {"type": "text_search", "query": "timeout"}
-        ]
+        "and": {
+          "expressions": [
+            {"condition": {"field": {"name": "service.name"}, "operator": "FILTER_OPERATOR_EQ", "value": {"string_value": "checkout-api"}}},
+            {"text_search": {"query": "timeout"}}
+          ]
+        }
       },
-      "orderBy": [{"field": {"name": "durationNs"}, "direction": "desc"}],
+      "order_by": [{"field": {"name": "duration_ns"}, "direction": "desc"}],
       "pagination": {"limit": 50}
     }' \
     "https://api.digitalocean.com/v2/insights/query/nyc3/traces/search"
diff --git a/specification/resources/insights/insights_get_trace.yml b/specification/resources/insights/insights_get_trace.yml
index 106adfa28..493154287 100644
--- a/specification/resources/insights/insights_get_trace.yml
+++ b/specification/resources/insights/insights_get_trace.yml
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@ description: >-
   the regional traces backend cannot be reached, the response is `502` with a
   `text/plain` body.
 
-  JSON field names are camelCase (`traceId`, `spanId`, `startTime`, `endTime`,
-  `durationNs`, `serviceName`, `statusCode`, `parentSpanId`).
+  JSON field names use snake_case (`trace_id`, `span_id`, `start_time`,
+  `end_time`, `duration_ns`, `service_name`, `status_code`,
+  `parent_span_id`).
 
 tags:
   - Insights
diff --git a/specification/resources/insights/insights_post_spansSearch.yml b/specification/resources/insights/insights_post_spansSearch.yml
index 9d6b3d60c..682c299ee 100644
--- a/specification/resources/insights/insights_post_spansSearch.yml
+++ b/specification/resources/insights/insights_post_spansSearch.yml
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ description: >-
   time range, optional filter, ordering, and pagination.
 
   The time range must not exceed 7 days. `pagination.limit` defaults to 100 and
-  must be between 1 and 1000. Results are ordered by `startTime` descending by
-  default. Cursor-based pagination is not yet supported; `pagination.hasMore`
+  must be between 1 and 1000. Results are ordered by `start_time` descending by
+  default. Cursor-based pagination is not yet supported; `pagination.has_more`
   indicates whether additional spans matched beyond the returned page.
 
 tags:
diff --git a/specification/resources/insights/insights_post_tracesSearch.yml b/specification/resources/insights/insights_post_tracesSearch.yml
index a1f8b753a..435de525f 100644
--- a/specification/resources/insights/insights_post_tracesSearch.yml
+++ b/specification/resources/insights/insights_post_tracesSearch.yml
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ description: >-
   `filter`. The time range must not exceed 7 days (`168h`).
   `pagination.limit` defaults to 100 (also used when `limit` is `0`) and must
   be between 0 and 1000. Results are ordered by `started` descending unless
-  `orderBy` is set.
+  `order_by` is set.
 
-  JSON field names are camelCase (`timeRange`, `orderBy`, `hasMore`,
-  `traceId`). Unknown request properties, invalid filters, and out-of-range
+  JSON field names use snake_case (`time_range`, `order_by`, `has_more`,
+  `trace_id`). Unknown request properties, invalid filters, and out-of-range
   values are rejected with `400`.
 
   Each request searches a single region; there is no multi-region search.
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ requestBody:
         recent:
           summary: Most recent traces in the last 15 minutes
           value:
-            timeRange:
+            time_range:
               from:
                 relative: 15m
               to:
@@ -58,56 +58,62 @@ requestBody:
         filtered:
           summary: Traces from one service whose spans mention "timeout"
           value:
-            timeRange:
+            time_range:
               from:
                 relative: 24h
               to:
                 relative: now
             filter:
-              type: and
-              expressions:
-                - type: condition
-                  field:
-                    name: service.name
-                  operator: eq
-                  value: checkout-api
-                - type: text_search
-                  query: timeout
+              and:
+                expressions:
+                  - condition:
+                      field:
+                        name: service.name
+                      operator: FILTER_OPERATOR_EQ
+                      value:
+                        string_value: checkout-api
+                  - text_search:
+                      query: timeout
             pagination:
               limit: 100
         attributeIn:
           summary: Traces with error spans from either of two hosts
           value:
-            timeRange:
+            time_range:
               from:
                 absolute: "2026-10-09T00:00:00Z"
               to:
                 absolute: "2026-10-09T06:00:00Z"
             filter:
-              type: and
-              expressions:
-                - field:
-                    name: statusCode
-                  operator: eq
-                  value: Error
-                - field:
-                    name: host.name
-                    scope: resource
-                  operator: in
-                  value:
-                    - web-01
-                    - web-02
+              and:
+                expressions:
+                  - condition:
+                      field:
+                        name: status_code
+                      operator: FILTER_OPERATOR_EQ
+                      value:
+                        string_value: Error
+                  - condition:
+                      field:
+                        name: host.name
+                        scope: FIELD_SCOPE_RESOURCE
+                      operator: FILTER_OPERATOR_IN
+                      value:
+                        string_array_value:
+                          values:
+                            - web-01
+                            - web-02
         ordered:
           summary: Slowest traces first, ties broken by oldest start
           value:
-            timeRange:
+            time_range:
               from:
                 relative: 1h
               to:
                 relative: now
-            orderBy:
+            order_by:
               - field:
-                  name: durationNs
+                  name: duration_ns
                 direction: desc
               - field:
                   name: started
diff --git a/specification/resources/insights/models/span_record.yml b/specification/resources/insights/models/span_record.yml
index 4bccc3a51..746dcc084 100644
--- a/specification/resources/insights/models/span_record.yml
+++ b/specification/resources/insights/models/span_record.yml
@@ -1,29 +1,29 @@
 type: object
 description: A single span returned by a spans search.
 properties:
-  traceId:
+  trace_id:
     type: string
     description: The trace identifier the span belongs to.
     example: "4bf92f3577b34da6a3ce929d0e0e4736"
-  spanId:
+  span_id:
     type: string
     description: The span identifier.
     example: "00f067aa0ba902b7"
-  parentSpanId:
+  parent_span_id:
     type: string
     description: The parent span identifier. Omitted for root spans.
     example: "00f067aa0ba902b6"
-  startTime:
+  start_time:
     type: string
     format: date-time
     description: The span start time.
     example: "2026-09-30T00:00:00Z"
-  endTime:
+  end_time:
     type: string
     format: date-time
     description: The span end time.
     example: "2026-09-30T00:00:01Z"
-  durationNs:
+  duration_ns:
     type: integer
     format: int64
     description: The span duration in nanoseconds.
@@ -36,15 +36,15 @@ properties:
     type: string
     description: The span kind.
     example: "Server"
-  statusCode:
+  status_code:
     type: string
     description: The span status code.
     example: "Ok"
-  statusMessage:
+  status_message:
     type: string
     description: The span status message. Omitted when empty.
     example: "connection reset by peer"
-  serviceName:
+  service_name:
     type: string
     description: The name of the service that emitted the span.
     example: "api-gateway"
diff --git a/specification/resources/insights/models/spans_filter_condition.yml b/specification/resources/insights/models/spans_filter_condition.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6cda540b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/specification/resources/insights/models/spans_filter_condition.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+type: object
+description: A single field comparison in a spans filter expression.
+required:
+  - field
+  - operator
+oneOf:
+  - properties:
+      operator:
+        type: string
+        enum:
+          - FILTER_OPERATOR_EXISTS
+        example: FILTER_OPERATOR_EXISTS
+  - required:
+      - value
+    properties:
+      operator:
+        type: string
+        enum:
+          - FILTER_OPERATOR_EQ
+          - FILTER_OPERATOR_NEQ
+          - FILTER_OPERATOR_IN
+          - FILTER_OPERATOR_GTE
+          - FILTER_OPERATOR_LTE
+        example: FILTER_OPERATOR_EQ
+properties:
+  field:
+    $ref: 'spans_filter_field.yml'
+  operator:
+    type: string
+    description: The comparison operator.
+    enum:
+      - FILTER_OPERATOR_EQ
+      - FILTER_OPERATOR_NEQ
+      - FILTER_OPERATOR_IN
+      - FILTER_OPERATOR_EXISTS
+      - FILTER_OPERATOR_GTE
+      - FILTER_OPERATOR_LTE
+    example: FILTER_OPERATOR_EQ
+  value:
+    $ref: 'spans_filter_value.yml'
diff --git a/specification/resources/insights/models/spans_filter_expression.yml b/specification/resources/insights/models/spans_filter_expression.yml
index a2f13ee4f..4735dc45f 100644
--- a/specification/resources/insights/models/spans_filter_expression.yml
+++ b/specification/resources/insights/models/spans_filter_expression.yml
@@ -1,45 +1,58 @@
 type: object
 description: >-
-  A boolean filter tree for spans search. Set `type` to select the node kind:
-  `condition` compares a single field, `and`/`or`/`not` combine child
-  expressions, and `text_search` matches a substring across the span name,
-  service name, and status message.
-required:
-  - type
-properties:
-  type:
-    type: string
-    description: The node kind.
-    enum:
+  A boolean filter tree for spans queries. Exactly one node is set per
+  message. Trees may be nested at most 16 levels deep and contain at most 256
+  nodes in total.
+oneOf:
+  - required:
       - condition
+  - required:
       - and
+  - required:
       - or
+  - required:
       - not
+  - required:
       - text_search
-    example: condition
-  field:
-    $ref: 'spans_filter_field.yml'
-  operator:
-    type: string
-    description: The comparison operator for a `condition` node.
-    enum:
-      - eq
-      - neq
-      - gt
-      - gte
-      - lt
-      - lte
-      - in
-      - exists
-    example: eq
-  value:
-    $ref: 'spans_filter_value.yml'
-  expressions:
-    type: array
-    description: Child expressions for `and`, `or`, and `not` nodes.
-    items:
-      $ref: 'spans_filter_expression.yml'
-  query:
-    type: string
-    description: The substring to match for a `text_search` node.
-    example: "timeout"
+properties:
+  condition:
+    $ref: 'spans_filter_condition.yml'
+  and:
+    type: object
+    required:
+      - expressions
+    properties:
+      expressions:
+        type: array
+        minItems: 1
+        maxItems: 32
+        items:
+          $ref: 'spans_filter_expression.yml'
+  or:
+    type: object
+    required:
+      - expressions
+    properties:
+      expressions:
+        type: array
+        minItems: 1
+        maxItems: 32
+        items:
+          $ref: 'spans_filter_expression.yml'
+  not:
+    $ref: 'spans_filter_expression.yml'
+  text_search:
+    type: object
+    description: A substring search across the span name, service name, and status message.
+    required:
+      - query
+    properties:
+      query:
+        type: string
+        minLength: 1
+        maxLength: 256
+        pattern: '\S'
+        description: >-
+          The search string. Leading and trailing whitespace is trimmed, and
+          the remaining string must not be empty.
+        example: "timeout"
diff --git a/specification/resources/insights/models/spans_filter_field.yml b/specification/resources/insights/models/spans_filter_field.yml
index 252dc32a8..2e03ab0cd 100644
--- a/specification/resources/insights/models/spans_filter_field.yml
+++ b/specification/resources/insights/models/spans_filter_field.yml
@@ -6,18 +6,27 @@ properties:
   name:
     type: string
     description: >-
-      The field name. Well-known span fields include `traceId`, `spanId`,
-      `parentSpanId`, `startTime`, `endTime`, `durationNs`, `name`,
-      `serviceName`, `kind`, `statusCode`, and `statusMessage`. Any other value
+      The field name. Well-known span fields include `trace_id`, `span_id`,
+      `parent_span_id`, `start_time`, `end_time`, `duration_ns`, `name`,
+      `service_name`, `kind`, `status_code`, and `status_message`. Any other value
       is treated as a span or resource attribute key.
     example: service.name
   scope:
     type: string
     description: >-
-      Optional attribute scope. Use `resource` to match a resource attribute or
-      `attributes` to match a span attribute. Omit for well-known fields or to
-      search both attribute maps.
+      Optional attribute scope, matched case-insensitively. Use
+      `FIELD_SCOPE_RESOURCE` to match a resource attribute or
+      `FIELD_SCOPE_ATTRIBUTES` to match a span attribute. The aliases
+      `resource` and `resource.attributes` are accepted for resource
+      attributes; `attribute`, `attributes`, and `span.attributes` are
+      accepted for span attributes. Omit for well-known fields or to search
+      both attribute maps.
     enum:
+      - FIELD_SCOPE_RESOURCE
+      - FIELD_SCOPE_ATTRIBUTES
       - resource
+      - resource.attributes
+      - attribute
       - attributes
-    example: attributes
+      - span.attributes
+    example: FIELD_SCOPE_ATTRIBUTES
diff --git a/specification/resources/insights/models/spans_filter_value.yml b/specification/resources/insights/models/spans_filter_value.yml
index 9266faf4f..67e551707 100644
--- a/specification/resources/insights/models/spans_filter_value.yml
+++ b/specification/resources/insights/models/spans_filter_value.yml
@@ -1,37 +1,46 @@
-description: >-
-  A filter comparison value. Provide either a bare JSON scalar or string array,
-  or a typed wrapper of the form `{ "type": "string", "value": "..." }`.
-example:
-  type: string
-  value: "api-gateway"
+type: object
+description: A typed literal or list value for a spans filter condition. Exactly one kind is set per message.
 oneOf:
-  - type: string
-  - type: number
-  - type: boolean
-  - type: array
-    items:
-      type: string
-  - type: object
-    description: A typed value wrapper.
+  - required:
+      - string_value
+  - required:
+      - number_value
+  - required:
+      - string_array_value
+  - required:
+      - number_array_value
+properties:
+  string_value:
+    type: string
+    example: "api-gateway"
+  number_value:
+    type: number
+    example: 42
+  string_array_value:
+    type: object
     required:
-      - value
+      - values
     properties:
-      type:
-        type: string
-        description: The value type.
-        enum:
-          - string
-          - number
-          - bool
-          - string_array
-        example: string
-      value:
-        description: The scalar or array value, matching `type`.
-        example: "api-gateway"
-        oneOf:
-          - type: string
-          - type: number
-          - type: boolean
-          - type: array
-            items:
-              type: string
+      values:
+        type: array
+        minItems: 1
+        maxItems: 100
+        items:
+          type: string
+        example:
+          - "api-gateway"
+          - "checkout"
+  number_array_value:
+    type: object
+    required:
+      - values
+    properties:
+      values:
+        type: array
+        minItems: 1
+        maxItems: 100
+        items:
+          type: number
+        example:
+          - 42
+          - 84
diff --git a/specification/resources/insights/models/spans_order_by.yml b/specification/resources/insights/models/spans_order_by.yml
index c22657f61..0d905fd46 100644
--- a/specification/resources/insights/models/spans_order_by.yml
+++ b/specification/resources/insights/models/spans_order_by.yml
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ properties:
     $ref: 'spans_filter_field.yml'
   direction:
     type: string
-    description: The sort direction. Defaults to `desc` when omitted.
+    description: >-
+      The sort direction, matched case-insensitively. Omit to use the server
+      default.
     enum:
       - asc
       - desc
diff --git a/specification/resources/insights/models/spans_pagination_response.yml b/specification/resources/insights/models/spans_pagination_response.yml
index c42b905c8..f32e52d2f 100644
--- a/specification/resources/insights/models/spans_pagination_response.yml
+++ b/specification/resources/insights/models/spans_pagination_response.yml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 type: object
 description: Pagination metadata for a spans search response.
 properties:
-  hasMore:
+  has_more:
     type: boolean
     description: >-
       Whether more spans matched than were returned in this page. Cursor-based
diff --git a/specification/resources/insights/models/spans_search_request.yml b/specification/resources/insights/models/spans_search_request.yml
index 818c9b8cf..1a41fdb4a 100644
--- a/specification/resources/insights/models/spans_search_request.yml
+++ b/specification/resources/insights/models/spans_search_request.yml
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 type: object
 description: Request body for searching spans.
 required:
-  - timeRange
+  - time_range
 properties:
-  timeRange:
+  time_range:
     $ref: 'spans_time_range.yml'
   filter:
     $ref: 'spans_filter_expression.yml'
-  orderBy:
+  order_by:
     type: array
     description: >-
-      Sort clauses applied to the result set. Defaults to `startTime`
+      Sort clauses applied to the result set. Defaults to `start_time`
       descending when omitted.
     items:
       $ref: 'spans_order_by.yml'
diff --git a/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_field_ref.yml b/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_field_ref.yml
index 6064c4d10..73c5b637e 100644
--- a/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_field_ref.yml
+++ b/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_field_ref.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 type: object
-description: A reference to a span field, used in filters and `orderBy`.
+description: A reference to a span field, used in filters and `order_by`.
 additionalProperties: false
 required:
   - name
@@ -8,34 +8,35 @@ properties:
     type: string
     description: >-
       The field name. Without `scope`, these names (case-insensitive) resolve
-      to built-in span columns: `traceId` (`trace.id`, `trace_id`), `spanId`
-      (`span.id`, `span_id`), `parentSpanId` (`parent.span.id`,
-      `parent_span_id`), `startTime` (`start_time`, `timestamp`), `endTime`
-      (`end_time`), `durationNs` (`duration`, in nanoseconds), `name`
-      (`span.name`), `kind` (`span.kind`), `statusCode` (`status.code`,
-      `status_code`), `statusMessage` (`status.message`, `status_message`),
-      and `serviceName` (`service.name`, `service_name`). Any other name is
+      to built-in span columns: `trace_id`, `span_id`, `parent_span_id`,
+      `start_time`, `end_time`, `duration_ns`, `name`
+      (`span.name`), `kind` (`span.kind`), `status_code` (`status.code`,
+      `status_code`), `status_message`,
+      and `service_name` (`service.name`). Any other name is
       looked up as a span attribute, falling back to a resource attribute.
       With `scope` set, `name` is always treated as an attribute key.
       Attribute keys may contain only letters, digits, and `.`, `_`, `-`,
       `/`, `:`, `@`.
 
 
-      In traces `orderBy`, `name` must be a trace-level sort field instead;
-      see the `orderBy` field description.
+      In traces `order_by`, `name` must be a trace-level sort field instead;
+      see the `order_by` field description.
     example: service.name
   scope:
     type: string
     description: >-
-      Restricts the lookup to one attribute map (case-insensitive).
-      `resource` (or `resource.attributes`) reads resource attributes;
-      `attribute` (or `attributes`, `span.attributes`) reads span attributes.
-      Omit to use the built-in column mapping described for `name`. Ignored
-      in traces `orderBy`.
+      Restricts the lookup to one attribute map and is matched
+      case-insensitively. `FIELD_SCOPE_RESOURCE` reads resource attributes
+      and accepts `resource` or `resource.attributes` as aliases.
+      `FIELD_SCOPE_ATTRIBUTES` reads span attributes and accepts `attribute`,
+      `attributes`, or `span.attributes` as aliases. Omit to use the built-in
+      column mapping described for `name`. Ignored in traces `order_by`.
     enum:
+      - FIELD_SCOPE_RESOURCE
+      - FIELD_SCOPE_ATTRIBUTES
       - resource
       - resource.attributes
       - attribute
       - attributes
       - span.attributes
-    example: resource
+    example: FIELD_SCOPE_RESOURCE
diff --git a/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_filter_condition.yml b/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_filter_condition.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a039a7cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_filter_condition.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+type: object
+description: A single field comparison in a traces filter expression.
+required:
+  - field
+  - operator
+oneOf:
+  - properties:
+      operator:
+        type: string
+        enum:
+          - FILTER_OPERATOR_EXISTS
+        example: FILTER_OPERATOR_EXISTS
+  - required:
+      - value
+    properties:
+      operator:
+        type: string
+        enum:
+          - FILTER_OPERATOR_EQ
+          - FILTER_OPERATOR_NEQ
+          - FILTER_OPERATOR_IN
+          - FILTER_OPERATOR_GTE
+          - FILTER_OPERATOR_LTE
+        example: FILTER_OPERATOR_EQ
+properties:
+  field:
+    $ref: 'traces_field_ref.yml'
+  operator:
+    type: string
+    description: The comparison operator.
+    enum:
+      - FILTER_OPERATOR_EQ
+      - FILTER_OPERATOR_NEQ
+      - FILTER_OPERATOR_IN
+      - FILTER_OPERATOR_EXISTS
+      - FILTER_OPERATOR_GTE
+      - FILTER_OPERATOR_LTE
+    example: FILTER_OPERATOR_EQ
+  value:
+    $ref: 'traces_filter_value.yml'
diff --git a/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_filter_expression.yml b/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_filter_expression.yml
index 7bee5ec8a..33d97312d 100644
--- a/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_filter_expression.yml
+++ b/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_filter_expression.yml
@@ -1,82 +1,58 @@
 type: object
 description: >-
-  A node in a traces filter tree. Every node is the same flat object; `type`
-  selects which other properties apply:
-
-  - `condition` (default when `type` is omitted): compares `field` to `value`
-  using `operator`.
-
-  - `and` / `or`: combines the nodes in `expressions` (1 to 32 children).
-
-  - `not`: negates the single node in `expressions` (exactly one child).
-
-  - `text_search`: case-insensitive substring match of `query` against the
-  span name, service name, and span status message.
-
-
-  A trace matches when at least one of its spans in the time range matches
-  the filter. Trees may be nested at most 16 levels deep and contain at most
-  256 nodes in total. Unknown properties are rejected.
-additionalProperties: false
-properties:
-  type:
-    type: string
-    description: The node type. Matching is case-insensitive.
-    enum:
+  A boolean filter tree for traces queries. Exactly one node is set per
+  message. Trees may be nested at most 16 levels deep and contain at most 256
+  nodes in total.
+oneOf:
+  - required:
       - condition
+  - required:
       - and
+  - required:
       - or
+  - required:
       - not
+  - required:
       - text_search
-    default: condition
-    example: condition
-  expressions:
-    type: array
-    description: >-
-      Child nodes for `and`, `or`, and `not`. `and` and `or` accept 1 to 32
-      children; `not` requires exactly one.
-    minItems: 1
-    maxItems: 32
-    items:
-      $ref: 'traces_filter_expression.yml'
-  field:
-    $ref: 'traces_field_ref.yml'
-  operator:
-    type: string
-    description: >-
-      The comparison operator for a `condition` node. Matching is
-      case-insensitive, and the symbol forms `=`, `!=`, `>`, `>=`, `<`, and
-      `<=` are accepted as aliases for `eq`, `neq`, `gt`, `gte`, `lt`, and
-      `lte`. `exists` matches spans where the field is present and non-empty
-      and ignores `value`. `in` requires an array `value` with 1 to 100
-      entries. `neq` on string fields also matches spans where the field is
-      absent.
-    enum:
-      - eq
-      - neq
-      - in
-      - exists
-      - gt
-      - gte
-      - lt
-      - lte
-    example: eq
-  value:
-    $ref: 'traces_filter_value.yml'
-  query:
-    type: string
-    description: >-
-      The search string for a `text_search` node. Leading and trailing
-      whitespace is trimmed; the trimmed string must be non-empty.
-    maxLength: 256
-    example: checkout
-example:
-  type: and
-  expressions:
-    - type: condition
-      field:
-        name: service.name
-      operator: eq
-      value: checkout-api
-    - type: text_search
-      query: timeout
+properties:
+  condition:
+    $ref: 'traces_filter_condition.yml'
+  and:
+    type: object
+    required:
+      - expressions
+    properties:
+      expressions:
+        type: array
+        minItems: 1
+        maxItems: 32
+        items:
+          $ref: 'traces_filter_expression.yml'
+  or:
+    type: object
+    required:
+      - expressions
+    properties:
+      expressions:
+        type: array
+        minItems: 1
+        maxItems: 32
+        items:
+          $ref: 'traces_filter_expression.yml'
+  not:
+    $ref: 'traces_filter_expression.yml'
+  text_search:
+    type: object
+    description: A substring search across span names, service names, and status messages.
+    required:
+      - query
+    properties:
+      query:
+        type: string
+        minLength: 1
+        maxLength: 256
+        pattern: '\S'
+        description: >-
+          The search string. Leading and trailing whitespace is trimmed, and
+          the remaining string must not be empty.
+        example: "timeout"
diff --git a/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_filter_value.yml b/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_filter_value.yml
index d03942efd..39c4759d9 100644
--- a/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_filter_value.yml
+++ b/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_filter_value.yml
@@ -1,68 +1,27 @@
-description: >-
-  The comparison value for a filter `condition`. Pass either a bare JSON
-  literal (string, number, boolean, or array for `in`) or a typed object
-  `{"type": "...", "value": ...}`. String values are coerced to the field's
-  type: numeric fields such as `durationNs` parse the string as a number, and
-  time fields such as `startTime` accept the same absolute formats as
-  `timeRange` (RFC3339 or Unix seconds/milliseconds/microseconds/nanoseconds).
-example: checkout-api
+type: object
+description: A typed literal or list value for a traces filter condition. Exactly one kind is set per message.
 oneOf:
-  - type: string
-    description: A bare string literal.
-    example: checkout-api
-  - type: number
-    description: A bare number literal.
+  - required:
+      - string_value
+  - required:
+      - number_value
+  - required:
+      - string_array_value
+  - required:
+      - number_array_value
+properties:
+  string_value:
+    type: string
+    example: "checkout-api"
+  number_value:
+    type: number
     example: 500000000
-  - type: boolean
-    description: A bare boolean literal.
-    example: true
-  - type: array
-    description: A bare array of values, used with the `in` operator.
-    minItems: 1
-    maxItems: 100
-    items:
-      oneOf:
-        - type: string
-        - type: number
-        - type: boolean
-    example:
-      - checkout-api
-      - payments-api
-  - type: object
-    description: >-
-      A typed scalar value. `type` is case-insensitive; `int`, `integer`, and
-      `float` are accepted as aliases for `number`, and `boolean` for `bool`.
-    additionalProperties: false
+  string_array_value:
+    type: object
     required:
-      - type
-      - value
+      - values
     properties:
-      type:
-        type: string
-        enum:
-          - string
-          - number
-          - bool
-        example: number
-      value:
-        oneOf:
-          - type: string
-          - type: number
-          - type: boolean
-        example: 500000000
-  - type: object
-    description: A typed string list, used with the `in` operator.
-    additionalProperties: false
-    required:
-      - type
-      - value
-    properties:
-      type:
-        type: string
-        enum:
-          - string_array
-        example: string_array
-      value:
+      values:
         type: array
         minItems: 1
         maxItems: 100
@@ -71,3 +30,17 @@ oneOf:
         example:
           - checkout-api
           - payments-api
+  number_array_value:
+    type: object
+    required:
+      - values
+    properties:
+      values:
+        type: array
+        minItems: 1
+        maxItems: 100
+        items:
+          type: number
+        example:
+          - 42
+          - 84
diff --git a/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_order_by.yml b/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_order_by.yml
index f6cce3541..d0b2e3a37 100644
--- a/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_order_by.yml
+++ b/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_order_by.yml
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
 type: object
 description: >-
   A sort clause for traces search results. Supported `field.name` values
-  (case-insensitive) are `started` (aliases `startTime`, `start_time`,
-  `timestamp`), `durationNs` (`duration`), `serviceName` (`service.name`,
-  `service_name`), `traceId` (`trace.id`, `trace_id`), `errorCount`
-  (`error_count`), `spanCount` (`span_count`), and `status`. Any other name
+  are `started`, `duration_ns`, `service_name`, `trace_id`, `error_count`,
+  `span_count`, and `status`. Any other name
   returns `400`.
 
 
@@ -20,9 +18,10 @@ properties:
     $ref: 'traces_field_ref.yml'
   direction:
     type: string
-    description: The sort direction (case-insensitive). Defaults to `desc`.
+    description: >-
+      The sort direction, matched case-insensitively. Omit to use the server
+      default.
     enum:
       - asc
       - desc
-    default: desc
     example: desc
diff --git a/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_pagination_request.yml b/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_pagination_request.yml
index f668b142d..dc2b7203a 100644
--- a/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_pagination_request.yml
+++ b/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_pagination_request.yml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 type: object
 description: >-
   Limits the size of a traces search result set. There is no cursor; use
-  `pagination.hasMore` in the response to tell whether more traces matched,
+  `pagination.has_more` in the response to tell whether more traces matched,
   and narrow the time range or filter to see them.
 additionalProperties: false
 properties:
diff --git a/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_pagination_response.yml b/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_pagination_response.yml
index a41c12440..9ecc2a928 100644
--- a/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_pagination_response.yml
+++ b/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_pagination_response.yml
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 type: object
 description: Pagination response.
 required:
-  - hasMore
+  - has_more
 properties:
-  hasMore:
+  has_more:
     type: boolean
     description: Whether more results matched the query than were returned.
     example: false
diff --git a/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_search_request.yml b/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_search_request.yml
index dcd38069b..6d7fad9ab 100644
--- a/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_search_request.yml
+++ b/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_search_request.yml
@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ type: object
 description: Request body for searching traces. Unknown properties are rejected.
 additionalProperties: false
 required:
-  - timeRange
+  - time_range
 properties:
-  timeRange:
+  time_range:
     $ref: 'traces_time_range.yml'
   filter:
     $ref: 'traces_filter_expression.yml'
-  orderBy:
+  order_by:
     type: array
     description: Sort clauses applied in order. Defaults to `started` descending.
     items:
diff --git a/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_span_record.yml b/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_span_record.yml
index 523061224..5d6924689 100644
--- a/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_span_record.yml
+++ b/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_span_record.yml
@@ -1,32 +1,32 @@
 type: object
 description: A single span belonging to a trace.
 required:
-  - traceId
-  - spanId
+  - trace_id
+  - span_id
 properties:
-  traceId:
+  trace_id:
     type: string
     description: The trace this span belongs to.
     example: "7b0b4e56abab38362b24e5498eb9ec64"
-  spanId:
+  span_id:
     type: string
     description: The span identifier.
     example: "e7867486e45cda47"
-  parentSpanId:
+  parent_span_id:
     type: string
     description: The parent span identifier. Omitted for the root span.
     example: "a2fb4a1d1a96d312"
-  startTime:
+  start_time:
     type: string
     format: date-time
     description: The span start time.
     example: "2026-10-09T06:44:37Z"
-  endTime:
+  end_time:
     type: string
     format: date-time
     description: The span end time.
     example: "2026-10-09T06:44:39Z"
-  durationNs:
+  duration_ns:
     type: integer
     format: int64
     description: Span duration in nanoseconds.
@@ -41,17 +41,17 @@ properties:
       The OpenTelemetry span kind as a string, for example `Server`,
       `Client`, or `Internal`.
     example: "Server"
-  statusCode:
+  status_code:
     type: string
     description: >-
       The OpenTelemetry span status code as a string: `Unset`, `Ok`, or
       `Error`.
     example: "Error"
-  statusMessage:
+  status_message:
     type: string
     description: The status description. Omitted when empty.
     example: "upstream timeout"
-  serviceName:
+  service_name:
     type: string
     description: >-
       The service that emitted the span. Omitted when the span has no
diff --git a/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_trace_response.yml b/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_trace_response.yml
index 3f8744e78..98115cb05 100644
--- a/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_trace_response.yml
+++ b/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_trace_response.yml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 type: object
 description: A single trace and all of its spans.
 properties:
-  traceId:
+  trace_id:
     type: string
     description: The trace identifier.
     example: "7b0b4e56abab38362b24e5498eb9ec64"
diff --git a/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_trace_summary.yml b/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_trace_summary.yml
index 5d7ffbe82..dea5fbd66 100644
--- a/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_trace_summary.yml
+++ b/specification/resources/insights/models/traces_trace_summary.yml
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 type: object
 description: >-
   A single trace returned by a traces search. One row per trace, aggregated
-  from its spans. Every field except `traceId` is omitted when it holds its
-  zero value (for example, `errorCount` is absent when no spans errored).
+  from its spans. Every field except `trace_id` is omitted when it holds its
+  zero value (for example, `error_count` is absent when no spans errored).
 required:
-  - traceId
+  - trace_id
 properties:
-  traceId:
+  trace_id:
     type: string
     description: The trace identifier.
     example: "bef35030c4024f42fb88041fea062e97"
@@ -15,23 +15,23 @@ properties:
     format: date-time
     description: The start time of the earliest span in the trace, in RFC 3339 format.
     example: "2026-10-09T09:21:39.99Z"
-  serviceName:
+  service_name:
     type: string
     description: >-
       The service that emitted the root span. Omitted when the root span has
       no service.name resource attribute.
     example: "checkout-api"
-  durationNs:
+  duration_ns:
     type: integer
     format: int64
     description: Wall-clock duration of the trace in nanoseconds.
     example: 10000000
-  spanCount:
+  span_count:
     type: integer
     format: int32
     description: The number of spans in the trace.
     example: 1
-  errorCount:
+  error_count:
     type: integer
     format: int32
     description: >-
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ properties:
       - Ok
       - Error
     example: "Ok"
-  spanNames:
+  span_names:
     type: array
     description: The distinct span names present in the trace.
     items:
diff --git a/specification/resources/insights/responses/traces_bad_request.yml b/specification/resources/insights/responses/traces_bad_request.yml
index e3f7d1f55..dc7647c07 100644
--- a/specification/resources/insights/responses/traces_bad_request.yml
+++ b/specification/resources/insights/responses/traces_bad_request.yml
@@ -21,16 +21,16 @@ content:
         value: pagination.limit exceeds maximum of 1000
       search_time_range_too_long:
         summary: Search time range longer than 7 days
-        value: timeRange exceeds maximum of 168h0m0s
+        value: time_range exceeds maximum of 168h0m0s
       trace_window_too_long:
         summary: Trace lookup window longer than 7 days
         value: time range exceeds maximum of 168h0m0s
       invalid_order_direction:
-        summary: Unsupported orderBy direction
-        value: invalid orderBy direction "SORT_DIRECTION_ASC"
+        summary: Unsupported order_by direction
+        value: invalid order_by direction "sideways"
       from_after_to:
         summary: Time range start after end
-        value: timeRange.from must be before or equal to timeRange.to
+        value: time_range.from must be before or equal to time_range.to
       unknown_property:
         summary: Unknown or malformed request body property
         value: invalid request body
diff --git a/specification/resources/insights/responses/traces_search.yml b/specification/resources/insights/responses/traces_search.yml
index 6991e7d4d..437cbd5ce 100644
--- a/specification/resources/insights/responses/traces_search.yml
+++ b/specification/resources/insights/responses/traces_search.yml
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ content:
       $ref: '../models/traces_search_response.yml'
     example:
       data:
-        - traceId: "bef35030c4024f42fb88041fea062e97"
+        - trace_id: "bef35030c4024f42fb88041fea062e97"
           started: "2026-10-09T09:21:39.99Z"
-          serviceName: "checkout-api"
-          durationNs: 10000000
+          service_name: "checkout-api"
+          duration_ns: 10000000
           status: "Ok"
-          spanCount: 1
-          spanNames:
+          span_count: 1
+          span_names:
             - "checkout-api-root"
       pagination:
-        hasMore: false
+        has_more: false