diff --git a/backend/app/main.py b/backend/app/main.py
index 50fb40f..238e622 100644
--- a/backend/app/main.py
+++ b/backend/app/main.py
@@ -3,7 +3,18 @@
 from fastapi import FastAPI
 from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
 
-from app.routers import health, news, senators
+from app.routers import (
+    budget,
+    carousel,
+    districts,
+    events,
+    finance,
+    health,
+    news,
+    pages,
+    senators,
+    staff,
+)
 
 app = FastAPI(
     title="Senate API",
@@ -24,6 +35,13 @@
 app.include_router(health.router)
 app.include_router(news.router)
 app.include_router(senators.router)
+app.include_router(carousel.router)
+app.include_router(districts.router)
+app.include_router(staff.router)
+app.include_router(finance.router)
+app.include_router(budget.router)
+app.include_router(pages.router)
+app.include_router(events.router)
 
 
 @app.get("/")
diff --git a/backend/app/routers/budget.py b/backend/app/routers/budget.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc7e3ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/app/routers/budget.py
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+"""Budget public API routes (TDD Section 4.5.2).
+
+GET /api/budget — hierarchical BudgetData; filterable by fiscal_year; defaults to most recent
+"""
+
+import re
+from typing import Optional
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, Query
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
+
+from app.database import get_db
+from app.models.BudgetData import BudgetData
+from app.schemas.budget import BudgetDataDTO
+
+router = APIRouter(prefix="/api/budget", tags=["budget"])
+
+
+def _fiscal_year_sort_key(fiscal_year: str) -> tuple[int, str]:
+    """Sort fiscal year labels by numeric suffix first, then raw value."""
+    matches = re.findall(r"\d+", fiscal_year)
+    numeric_year = int(matches[-1]) if matches else -1
+    return numeric_year, fiscal_year
+
+
+def _build_tree(
+    row_id: int,
+    rows_by_id: dict[int, BudgetData],
+    children_map: dict[int, list[BudgetData]],
+) -> BudgetDataDTO:
+    row = rows_by_id[row_id]
+    children = [
+        _build_tree(child.id, rows_by_id, children_map) for child in children_map.get(row_id, [])
+    ]
+    return BudgetDataDTO(
+        id=row.id,
+        fiscal_year=row.fiscal_year,
+        category=row.category,
+        amount=float(row.amount),
+        description=row.description,
+        children=children,
+    )
+
+
+@router.get("", response_model=list[BudgetDataDTO])
+def list_budget(
+    fiscal_year: Optional[str] = Query(default=None, description="Fiscal year filter"),
+    db: Session = Depends(get_db),
+):
+    if fiscal_year is None:
+        fiscal_years = [row[0] for row in db.query(BudgetData.fiscal_year).distinct().all()]
+        if not fiscal_years:
+            return []
+        fiscal_year = max(fiscal_years, key=_fiscal_year_sort_key)
+
+    rows = (
+        db.query(BudgetData)
+        .filter(BudgetData.fiscal_year == fiscal_year)
+        .order_by(BudgetData.display_order)
+        .all()
+    )
+
+    rows_by_id = {row.id: row for row in rows}
+    children_map: dict[int, list[BudgetData]] = {row.id: [] for row in rows}
+    roots: list[BudgetData] = []
+
+    for row in rows:
+        if row.parent_category_id is None:
+            roots.append(row)
+        elif row.parent_category_id in children_map:
+            children_map[row.parent_category_id].append(row)
+
+    return [_build_tree(r.id, rows_by_id, children_map) for r in roots]
diff --git a/backend/app/routers/carousel.py b/backend/app/routers/carousel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8297cf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/app/routers/carousel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+"""Carousel public API routes (TDD Section 4.5.2).
+
+GET /api/carousel — active slides only, ordered by display_order
+"""
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
+
+from app.database import get_db
+from app.models.CarouselSlide import CarouselSlide
+from app.schemas.carousel import CarouselSlideDTO
+
+router = APIRouter(prefix="/api/carousel", tags=["carousel"])
+
+
+@router.get("", response_model=list[CarouselSlideDTO])
+def list_carousel(db: Session = Depends(get_db)):
+    slides = (
+        db.query(CarouselSlide)
+        .filter(CarouselSlide.is_active.is_(True))
+        .order_by(CarouselSlide.display_order)
+        .all()
+    )
+    return [CarouselSlideDTO.model_validate(s) for s in slides]
diff --git a/backend/app/routers/districts.py b/backend/app/routers/districts.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e56c1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/app/routers/districts.py
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+"""Districts public API routes (TDD Section 4.5.2).
+
+GET /api/districts         — all districts with nested active senators
+GET /api/districts/lookup  — case-insensitive partial match on DistrictMapping.mapping_value
+"""
+
+from typing import Any
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, Query
+from sqlalchemy import func
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
+
+from app.database import get_db
+from app.models.cms import Committee, CommitteeMembership
+from app.models.District import District, DistrictMapping
+from app.models.Senator import Senator
+from app.schemas.district import DistrictDTO
+
+router = APIRouter(prefix="/api/districts", tags=["districts"])
+
+
+def _senator_to_dict(
+    senator: Senator,
+    memberships: list[CommitteeMembership],
+    committees_by_id: dict[int, str],
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    return {
+        "id": senator.id,
+        "first_name": senator.first_name,
+        "last_name": senator.last_name,
+        "email": senator.email,
+        "headshot_url": senator.headshot_url,
+        "district_id": senator.district,
+        "is_active": senator.is_active,
+        "session_number": senator.session_number,
+        "committees": [
+            {
+                "committee_id": m.committee_id,
+                "committee_name": committees_by_id.get(m.committee_id, ""),
+                "role": m.role,
+            }
+            for m in memberships
+        ],
+    }
+
+
+def _districts_to_dto(districts: list[District], db: Session) -> list[DistrictDTO]:
+    if not districts:
+        return []
+
+    district_ids = [district.id for district in districts]
+    senators = (
+        db.query(Senator)
+        .filter(Senator.district.in_(district_ids), Senator.is_active.is_(True))
+        .all()
+    )
+
+    senators_by_district: dict[int, list[Senator]] = {district.id: [] for district in districts}
+    for senator in senators:
+        senators_by_district.setdefault(senator.district, []).append(senator)
+
+    senator_ids = [senator.id for senator in senators]
+    memberships: list[CommitteeMembership] = []
+    if senator_ids:
+        memberships = (
+            db.query(CommitteeMembership)
+            .filter(CommitteeMembership.senator_id.in_(senator_ids))
+            .all()
+        )
+
+    memberships_by_senator: dict[int, list[CommitteeMembership]] = {senator_id: [] for senator_id in senator_ids}
+    for membership in memberships:
+        memberships_by_senator.setdefault(membership.senator_id, []).append(membership)
+
+    committee_ids = list({membership.committee_id for membership in memberships})
+    committees_by_id: dict[int, str] = {}
+    if committee_ids:
+        committees_by_id = {
+            committee.id: committee.name
+            for committee in db.query(Committee).filter(Committee.id.in_(committee_ids)).all()
+        }
+
+    return [
+        DistrictDTO.model_validate(
+            {
+                "id": district.id,
+                "district_name": district.district_name,
+                "description": district.description,
+                "senator": [
+                    _senator_to_dict(
+                        senator,
+                        memberships_by_senator.get(senator.id, []),
+                        committees_by_id,
+                    )
+                    for senator in senators_by_district.get(district.id, [])
+                ],
+            }
+        )
+        for district in districts
+    ]
+
+
+@router.get("/lookup", response_model=list[DistrictDTO])
+def lookup_district(
+    query: str = Query(..., description="Case-insensitive partial match on mapping value"),
+    db: Session = Depends(get_db),
+):
+    pattern = f"%{query.lower()}%"
+    mappings = (
+        db.query(DistrictMapping)
+        .filter(func.lower(DistrictMapping.mapping_value).like(pattern))
+        .all()
+    )
+    district_ids = list({m.district_id for m in mappings})
+    if not district_ids:
+        return []
+    districts = db.query(District).filter(District.id.in_(district_ids)).all()
+    return _districts_to_dto(districts, db)
+
+
+@router.get("", response_model=list[DistrictDTO])
+def list_districts(db: Session = Depends(get_db)):
+    districts = db.query(District).all()
+    return _districts_to_dto(districts, db)
diff --git a/backend/app/routers/events.py b/backend/app/routers/events.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..862abd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/app/routers/events.py
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+"""Calendar events public API routes (TDD Section 4.5.2).
+
+GET /api/events — published events only; filterable by start_date, end_date, event_type
+"""
+
+from datetime import date, timedelta
+from typing import Optional
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, Query
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
+
+from app.database import get_db
+from app.models.CalendarEvent import CalendarEvent
+from app.schemas.calendar_event import CalendarEventDTO
+
+router = APIRouter(prefix="/api/events", tags=["events"])
+
+
+@router.get("", response_model=list[CalendarEventDTO])
+def list_events(
+    start_date: Optional[date] = Query(default=None, description="Include events on or after this date"),
+    end_date: Optional[date] = Query(default=None, description="Include events on or before this date"),
+    event_type: Optional[str] = Query(default=None, description="Filter by event type"),
+    db: Session = Depends(get_db),
+):
+    query = db.query(CalendarEvent).filter(CalendarEvent.is_published.is_(True))
+
+    if start_date is not None:
+        query = query.filter(CalendarEvent.start_datetime >= start_date)
+    if end_date is not None:
+        query = query.filter(CalendarEvent.start_datetime < end_date + timedelta(days=1))
+    if event_type is not None:
+        query = query.filter(CalendarEvent.event_type == event_type)
+
+    events = query.order_by(CalendarEvent.start_datetime).all()
+    return [CalendarEventDTO.model_validate(e) for e in events]
diff --git a/backend/app/routers/finance.py b/backend/app/routers/finance.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2601ce7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/app/routers/finance.py
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+"""Finance hearings public API routes (TDD Section 4.5.2).
+
+GET /api/finance-hearings — FinanceHearingConfig with nested dates when active
+"""
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
+
+from app.database import get_db
+from app.models.FinanceHearingConfig import FinanceHearingConfig
+from app.models.FinanceHearingDate import FinanceHearingDate
+from app.schemas.finance import FinanceHearingConfigDTO, FinanceHearingDateDTO
+
+router = APIRouter(prefix="/api/finance-hearings", tags=["finance"])
+
+
+@router.get("", response_model=FinanceHearingConfigDTO)
+def get_finance_hearings(db: Session = Depends(get_db)):
+    config = db.query(FinanceHearingConfig).first()
+    if config is None:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Finance hearing configuration not found")
+
+    dates: list[FinanceHearingDateDTO] = []
+    if config.is_active:
+        dates = [
+            FinanceHearingDateDTO.model_validate(d) for d in db.query(FinanceHearingDate).all()
+        ]
+
+    return FinanceHearingConfigDTO(
+        is_active=config.is_active,
+        season_start=config.season_start,
+        season_end=config.season_end,
+        dates=dates,
+    )
diff --git a/backend/app/routers/pages.py b/backend/app/routers/pages.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04d1ea4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/app/routers/pages.py
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+"""Static pages public API routes (TDD Section 4.5.2).
+
+GET /api/pages/{slug} — static page content by slug, 404 if not found
+"""
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
+
+from app.database import get_db
+from app.models.cms import StaticPageContent
+from app.schemas.static_page import StaticPageDTO
+
+router = APIRouter(prefix="/api/pages", tags=["pages"])
+
+
+@router.get("/{slug}", response_model=StaticPageDTO)
+def get_page(slug: str, db: Session = Depends(get_db)):
+    page = db.query(StaticPageContent).filter(StaticPageContent.page_slug == slug).first()
+    if page is None:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Page not found")
+    return StaticPageDTO.model_validate(page)
diff --git a/backend/app/routers/staff.py b/backend/app/routers/staff.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13bbd76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/app/routers/staff.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+"""Staff public API routes (TDD Section 4.5.2).
+
+GET /api/staff — active staff ordered by display_order
+"""
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
+
+from app.database import get_db
+from app.models.cms import Staff
+from app.schemas.staff import StaffDTO
+
+router = APIRouter(prefix="/api/staff", tags=["staff"])
+
+
+@router.get("", response_model=list[StaffDTO])
+def list_staff(db: Session = Depends(get_db)):
+    staff = db.query(Staff).filter(Staff.is_active.is_(True)).order_by(Staff.display_order).all()
+    return [StaffDTO.model_validate(s) for s in staff]
diff --git a/backend/app/schemas/__init__.py b/backend/app/schemas/__init__.py
index 28acb24..37c3a63 100644
--- a/backend/app/schemas/__init__.py
+++ b/backend/app/schemas/__init__.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 from .account import AccountDTO, CreateAccountDTO
 from .budget import BudgetDataDTO, CreateBudgetDataDTO
-from .calendar_event import CreateCalendarEventDTO
+from .calendar_event import CalendarEventDTO, CreateCalendarEventDTO
 from .carousel import CarouselSlideDTO, CreateCarouselSlideDTO
 from .committee import (
     AssignCommitteeMemberDTO,
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
     "BudgetDataDTO",
     "CreateBudgetDataDTO",
     # Calendar Event
+    "CalendarEventDTO",
     "CreateCalendarEventDTO",
     # Carousel
     "CarouselSlideDTO",
diff --git a/backend/app/schemas/calendar_event.py b/backend/app/schemas/calendar_event.py
index 40617d4..d766330 100644
--- a/backend/app/schemas/calendar_event.py
+++ b/backend/app/schemas/calendar_event.py
@@ -1,8 +1,20 @@
-"""Calendar event schemas — input DTOs."""
+"""Calendar event schemas — input and output DTOs."""
 
 from datetime import datetime
 
-from pydantic import BaseModel, model_validator
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, model_validator
+
+
+class CalendarEventDTO(BaseModel):
+    id: int
+    title: str
+    description: str | None
+    start_datetime: datetime
+    end_datetime: datetime
+    location: str | None
+    event_type: str
+
+    model_config = ConfigDict(from_attributes=True)
 
 
 class CreateCalendarEventDTO(BaseModel):
diff --git a/backend/app/schemas/carousel.py b/backend/app/schemas/carousel.py
index 9f038fb..f435d9c 100644
--- a/backend/app/schemas/carousel.py
+++ b/backend/app/schemas/carousel.py
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
 class CarouselSlideDTO(BaseModel):
     id: int
     image_url: str
-    overlay_text: str
-    link_url: str
+    overlay_text: str | None
+    link_url: str | None
     display_order: int
     is_active: bool
 
diff --git a/backend/tests/routes/conftest.py b/backend/tests/routes/conftest.py
index 07c90e5..2fa5e1e 100644
--- a/backend/tests/routes/conftest.py
+++ b/backend/tests/routes/conftest.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 All GET-only endpoints are tested against seeded fixture data.
 """
 
-from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import date, datetime, time
 
 import pytest
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
@@ -18,8 +18,13 @@
 from app.main import app
 from app.models import Admin, Senator
 from app.models.base import Base
-from app.models.cms import Committee, CommitteeMembership, News
-from app.models.District import District
+from app.models.BudgetData import BudgetData
+from app.models.CalendarEvent import CalendarEvent
+from app.models.CarouselSlide import CarouselSlide
+from app.models.cms import Committee, CommitteeMembership, News, Staff, StaticPageContent
+from app.models.District import District, DistrictMapping
+from app.models.FinanceHearingConfig import FinanceHearingConfig
+from app.models.FinanceHearingDate import FinanceHearingDate
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Shared in-memory SQLite engine (module-scoped — created once per test module)
@@ -43,9 +48,7 @@ def enforce_foreign_keys(dbapi_conn, _record):
 
     # Strip SQL Server-specific CHECK constraints before creating tables on SQLite
     for table in Base.metadata.tables.values():
-        table.constraints = {
-            c for c in table.constraints if not isinstance(c, CheckConstraint)
-        }
+        table.constraints = {c for c in table.constraints if not isinstance(c, CheckConstraint)}
 
     Base.metadata.create_all(bind=engine)
     yield engine
@@ -169,11 +172,197 @@ def seeded_engine(test_engine):
     db.flush()
 
     # --- Committee memberships ---
+    db.add_all(
+        [
+            CommitteeMembership(senator_id=s1.id, committee_id=finance.id, role="Chair"),
+            CommitteeMembership(senator_id=s2.id, committee_id=finance.id, role="Member"),
+            CommitteeMembership(senator_id=s2.id, committee_id=judiciary.id, role="Member"),
+        ]
+    )
+    db.flush()
+
+    # --- Calendar events ---
     db.add_all([
-        CommitteeMembership(senator_id=s1.id, committee_id=finance.id, role="Chair"),
-        CommitteeMembership(senator_id=s2.id, committee_id=finance.id, role="Member"),
-        CommitteeMembership(senator_id=s2.id, committee_id=judiciary.id, role="Member"),
+        CalendarEvent(
+            title="General Body Meeting",
+            description="Monthly meeting",
+            start_datetime=datetime(2026, 4, 1, 18, 0),
+            end_datetime=datetime(2026, 4, 1, 19, 30),
+            location="The Pit",
+            event_type="meeting",
+            is_published=True,
+            created_by=admin.id,
+        ),
+        CalendarEvent(
+            title="Finance Hearing",
+            description=None,
+            start_datetime=datetime(2026, 4, 15, 9, 0),
+            end_datetime=datetime(2026, 4, 15, 11, 0),
+            location="Union",
+            event_type="hearing",
+            is_published=True,
+            created_by=admin.id,
+        ),
+        CalendarEvent(
+            title="Draft Event",
+            description="Not published",
+            start_datetime=datetime(2026, 5, 1, 10, 0),
+            end_datetime=datetime(2026, 5, 1, 11, 0),
+            location=None,
+            event_type="meeting",
+            is_published=False,
+            created_by=admin.id,
+        ),
     ])
+    db.flush()
+
+    # --- Carousel slides ---
+    slide1 = CarouselSlide(
+        image_url="https://img.unc.edu/slide1.jpg",
+        overlay_text="Welcome to Senate",
+        link_url="https://unc.edu",
+        display_order=1,
+        is_active=True,
+    )
+    slide2 = CarouselSlide(
+        image_url="https://img.unc.edu/slide2.jpg",
+        overlay_text=None,
+        link_url=None,
+        display_order=2,
+        is_active=True,
+    )
+    slide3_inactive = CarouselSlide(
+        image_url="https://img.unc.edu/slide3.jpg",
+        overlay_text="Hidden",
+        link_url=None,
+        display_order=3,
+        is_active=False,
+    )
+    db.add_all([slide1, slide2, slide3_inactive])
+    db.flush()
+
+    # --- District mappings ---
+    db.add_all(
+        [
+            DistrictMapping(district_id=d1.id, mapping_value="on-campus"),
+            DistrictMapping(district_id=d2.id, mapping_value="off-campus"),
+        ]
+    )
+    db.flush()
+
+    # --- Staff ---
+    staff1 = Staff(
+        first_name="First",
+        last_name="Staff",
+        title="Director",
+        email="first@unc.edu",
+        display_order=1,
+        is_active=True,
+    )
+    staff2 = Staff(
+        first_name="Second",
+        last_name="Staff",
+        title="Manager",
+        email="second@unc.edu",
+        display_order=2,
+        is_active=True,
+    )
+    staff3_inactive = Staff(
+        first_name="Inactive",
+        last_name="Person",
+        title="Assistant",
+        email="inactive@unc.edu",
+        display_order=3,
+        is_active=False,
+    )
+    db.add_all([staff1, staff2, staff3_inactive])
+    db.flush()
+
+    # --- Finance hearing config and dates ---
+    fhc = FinanceHearingConfig(
+        is_active=True,
+        season_start=date(2026, 1, 15),
+        season_end=date(2026, 5, 15),
+        updated_by=admin.id,
+    )
+    db.add(fhc)
+    db.flush()
+    db.add_all(
+        [
+            FinanceHearingDate(
+                hearing_date=date(2026, 2, 1),
+                hearing_time=time(9, 0),
+                location="The Pit",
+                description="Morning slot",
+                is_full=False,
+            ),
+            FinanceHearingDate(
+                hearing_date=date(2026, 2, 2),
+                hearing_time=time(14, 0),
+                location="Union",
+                description=None,
+                is_full=True,
+            ),
+        ]
+    )
+    db.flush()
+
+    # --- Budget data (FY2026 = most recent; FY2025 = older) ---
+    parent_budget = BudgetData(
+        fiscal_year="FY2026",
+        category="Operations",
+        amount=100000.00,
+        description="Operating budget",
+        parent_category_id=None,
+        display_order=1,
+        updated_by=admin.id,
+    )
+    db.add(parent_budget)
+    db.flush()
+    db.add_all(
+        [
+            BudgetData(
+                fiscal_year="FY2026",
+                category="Salaries",
+                amount=60000.00,
+                description=None,
+                parent_category_id=parent_budget.id,
+                display_order=2,
+                updated_by=admin.id,
+            ),
+            BudgetData(
+                fiscal_year="FY2026",
+                category="Supplies",
+                amount=40000.00,
+                description=None,
+                parent_category_id=parent_budget.id,
+                display_order=3,
+                updated_by=admin.id,
+            ),
+            BudgetData(
+                fiscal_year="FY2025",
+                category="Old Operations",
+                amount=90000.00,
+                description=None,
+                parent_category_id=None,
+                display_order=1,
+                updated_by=admin.id,
+            ),
+        ]
+    )
+    db.flush()
+
+    # --- Static page content ---
+    db.add(
+        StaticPageContent(
+            page_slug="powers-of-senate",
+            title="Powers of the Senate",
+            body="The senate has the power to...",
+            last_edited_by=admin.id,
+        )
+    )
+    db.flush()
+
     db.commit()
 
     yield test_engine
@@ -201,3 +390,15 @@ def _override_get_db():
     with TestClient(app) as c:
         yield c
     app.dependency_overrides.pop(get_db, None)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="function")
+def db_session(seeded_engine):
+    """Direct DB session for targeted edge-case test setup."""
+    TestSession = sessionmaker(bind=seeded_engine)
+    db = TestSession()
+    try:
+        yield db
+        db.commit()
+    finally:
+        db.close()
diff --git a/backend/tests/routes/test_budget.py b/backend/tests/routes/test_budget.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2cd18ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/tests/routes/test_budget.py
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+"""Integration tests for GET /api/budget (TDD Section 4.5.2)."""
+
+from app.models import Admin
+from app.models.BudgetData import BudgetData
+
+
+class TestListBudget:
+    def test_returns_200(self, client):
+        assert client.get("/api/budget").status_code == 200
+
+    def test_returns_list(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/budget").json()
+        assert isinstance(data, list)
+
+    def test_defaults_to_most_recent_fiscal_year(self, client):
+        """FY2026 is more recent than FY2025; default should return FY2026 rows only."""
+        data = client.get("/api/budget").json()
+        assert len(data) >= 1
+        assert all(item["fiscal_year"] == "FY2026" for item in data)
+
+    def test_top_level_only_at_root(self, client):
+        """Only parent-level items (parent_category_id=NULL) appear at the root."""
+        data = client.get("/api/budget").json()
+        # One parent seeded for FY2026
+        assert len(data) == 1
+        assert data[0]["category"] == "Operations"
+
+    def test_hierarchical_children(self, client):
+        """'Operations' parent has 2 children: Salaries and Supplies."""
+        data = client.get("/api/budget").json()
+        parent = data[0]
+        assert isinstance(parent["children"], list)
+        assert len(parent["children"]) == 2
+        child_names = {c["category"] for c in parent["children"]}
+        assert "Salaries" in child_names
+        assert "Supplies" in child_names
+
+    def test_children_have_empty_children_list(self, client):
+        """Leaf nodes must have an empty children list (not missing the field)."""
+        data = client.get("/api/budget").json()
+        for child in data[0]["children"]:
+            assert "children" in child
+            assert child["children"] == []
+
+    def test_filter_by_fiscal_year(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/budget?fiscal_year=FY2025").json()
+        assert len(data) == 1
+        assert data[0]["fiscal_year"] == "FY2025"
+        assert data[0]["category"] == "Old Operations"
+
+    def test_filter_older_year_excludes_newer(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/budget?fiscal_year=FY2025").json()
+        assert all(item["fiscal_year"] == "FY2025" for item in data)
+
+    def test_nonexistent_fiscal_year_returns_empty(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/budget?fiscal_year=FY1900").json()
+        assert data == []
+
+    def test_budget_fields_present(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/budget").json()
+        item = data[0]
+        for field in ("id", "fiscal_year", "category", "amount", "description", "children"):
+            assert field in item, f"Field '{field}' missing from budget item"
+
+    def test_amount_is_numeric(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/budget").json()
+        assert isinstance(data[0]["amount"], (int, float))
+
+    def test_default_year_not_lexicographic(self, client, db_session):
+        """Adding FY9 should not override FY2026 as the default year."""
+        admin = db_session.query(Admin).first()
+        db_session.add(
+            BudgetData(
+                fiscal_year="FY9",
+                category="Legacy",
+                amount=1.00,
+                description=None,
+                parent_category_id=None,
+                display_order=99,
+                updated_by=admin.id,
+            )
+        )
+        db_session.commit()
+
+        data = client.get("/api/budget").json()
+        assert len(data) >= 1
+        assert all(item["fiscal_year"] == "FY2026" for item in data)
diff --git a/backend/tests/routes/test_carousel.py b/backend/tests/routes/test_carousel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae4a5cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/tests/routes/test_carousel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+"""Integration tests for GET /api/carousel (TDD Section 4.5.2)."""
+
+
+class TestListCarousel:
+    def test_returns_200(self, client):
+        assert client.get("/api/carousel").status_code == 200
+
+    def test_returns_list(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/carousel").json()
+        assert isinstance(data, list)
+
+    def test_only_active_slides(self, client):
+        """Inactive slide (slide3) must not appear; only 2 active slides seeded."""
+        data = client.get("/api/carousel").json()
+        assert len(data) == 2
+        assert all(s["is_active"] for s in data)
+
+    def test_ordered_by_display_order(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/carousel").json()
+        orders = [s["display_order"] for s in data]
+        assert orders == sorted(orders)
+
+    def test_slide_fields_present(self, client):
+        slide = client.get("/api/carousel").json()[0]
+        for field in ("id", "image_url", "overlay_text", "link_url", "display_order", "is_active"):
+            assert field in slide, f"Field '{field}' missing from carousel slide"
+
+    def test_nullable_overlay_text_and_link_url(self, client):
+        """slide2 has null overlay_text and link_url — must be returned as null, not cause error."""
+        data = client.get("/api/carousel").json()
+        nullish = [s for s in data if s["overlay_text"] is None]
+        assert len(nullish) == 1
+        assert nullish[0]["link_url"] is None
+
+    def test_first_slide_has_text_and_link(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/carousel").json()
+        first = next(s for s in data if s["display_order"] == 1)
+        assert first["overlay_text"] == "Welcome to Senate"
+        assert first["link_url"] == "https://unc.edu"
diff --git a/backend/tests/routes/test_districts.py b/backend/tests/routes/test_districts.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..048dfd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/tests/routes/test_districts.py
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+"""Integration tests for GET /api/districts and GET /api/districts/lookup (TDD Section 4.5.2)."""
+
+
+class TestListDistricts:
+    def test_returns_200(self, client):
+        assert client.get("/api/districts").status_code == 200
+
+    def test_returns_list(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/districts").json()
+        assert isinstance(data, list)
+
+    def test_returns_all_districts(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/districts").json()
+        names = {d["district_name"] for d in data}
+        assert "On-Campus" in names
+        assert "Off-Campus" in names
+
+    def test_district_fields_present(self, client):
+        district = client.get("/api/districts").json()[0]
+        for field in ("id", "district_name", "senator"):
+            assert field in district, f"Field '{field}' missing from district"
+
+    def test_nested_senators_is_list(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/districts").json()
+        for district in data:
+            assert isinstance(district["senator"], list)
+
+    def test_on_campus_has_active_senator(self, client):
+        """Alice Smith is active and assigned to On-Campus district."""
+        data = client.get("/api/districts").json()
+        on_campus = next(d for d in data if d["district_name"] == "On-Campus")
+        names = {s["first_name"] for s in on_campus["senator"]}
+        assert "Alice" in names
+
+    def test_inactive_senator_excluded_from_district(self, client):
+        """Carol Lee is inactive — must not appear nested under On-Campus."""
+        data = client.get("/api/districts").json()
+        on_campus = next(d for d in data if d["district_name"] == "On-Campus")
+        names = {s["first_name"] for s in on_campus["senator"]}
+        assert "Carol" not in names
+
+    def test_nested_senator_fields_present(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/districts").json()
+        on_campus = next(d for d in data if d["district_name"] == "On-Campus")
+        senator = on_campus["senator"][0]
+        for field in ("id", "first_name", "last_name", "email", "district_id", "committees"):
+            assert field in senator, f"Field '{field}' missing from nested senator"
+
+
+class TestDistrictLookup:
+    def test_returns_200_with_match(self, client):
+        assert client.get("/api/districts/lookup?query=on-campus").status_code == 200
+
+    def test_returns_list(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/districts/lookup?query=on-campus").json()
+        assert isinstance(data, list)
+
+    def test_exact_match(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/districts/lookup?query=on-campus").json()
+        assert len(data) == 1
+        assert data[0]["district_name"] == "On-Campus"
+
+    def test_partial_match(self, client):
+        """'campus' matches both on-campus and off-campus mappings."""
+        data = client.get("/api/districts/lookup?query=campus").json()
+        assert len(data) == 2
+
+    def test_case_insensitive(self, client):
+        upper = client.get("/api/districts/lookup?query=ON-CAMPUS").json()
+        lower = client.get("/api/districts/lookup?query=on-campus").json()
+        assert len(upper) == len(lower) == 1
+
+    def test_no_match_returns_empty_list(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/districts/lookup?query=zzznomatch").json()
+        assert data == []
+
+    def test_missing_query_returns_422(self, client):
+        assert client.get("/api/districts/lookup").status_code == 422
+
+    def test_lookup_result_includes_nested_senators(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/districts/lookup?query=off-campus").json()
+        assert len(data) == 1
+        assert isinstance(data[0]["senator"], list)
+        names = {s["first_name"] for s in data[0]["senator"]}
+        assert "Bob" in names
diff --git a/backend/tests/routes/test_events.py b/backend/tests/routes/test_events.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d54dc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/tests/routes/test_events.py
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+"""Integration tests for GET /api/events (TDD Section 4.5.2)."""
+
+
+class TestListEvents:
+    def test_returns_200(self, client):
+        assert client.get("/api/events").status_code == 200
+
+    def test_returns_list(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/events").json()
+        assert isinstance(data, list)
+
+    def test_only_published_events(self, client):
+        """Draft event must not appear; only 2 published events seeded."""
+        data = client.get("/api/events").json()
+        assert len(data) == 2
+        assert all(e["title"] != "Draft Event" for e in data)
+
+    def test_ordered_by_start_datetime(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/events").json()
+        starts = [e["start_datetime"] for e in data]
+        assert starts == sorted(starts)
+
+    def test_event_fields_present(self, client):
+        event = client.get("/api/events").json()[0]
+        for field in ("id", "title", "description", "start_datetime", "end_datetime", "location", "event_type"):
+            assert field in event, f"Field '{field}' missing from event"
+
+    def test_nullable_description(self, client):
+        """Finance Hearing event has null description."""
+        data = client.get("/api/events").json()
+        null_desc = [e for e in data if e["description"] is None]
+        assert len(null_desc) == 1
+        assert null_desc[0]["title"] == "Finance Hearing"
+
+    # --- start_date filter ---
+
+    def test_filter_start_date(self, client):
+        """start_date=2026-04-10 should exclude the April 1st meeting."""
+        data = client.get("/api/events?start_date=2026-04-10").json()
+        assert len(data) == 1
+        assert data[0]["title"] == "Finance Hearing"
+
+    def test_filter_start_date_inclusive(self, client):
+        """Events on exactly start_date are included."""
+        data = client.get("/api/events?start_date=2026-04-01").json()
+        assert len(data) == 2
+
+    # --- end_date filter ---
+
+    def test_filter_end_date(self, client):
+        """end_date=2026-04-05 should only return the April 1st meeting."""
+        data = client.get("/api/events?end_date=2026-04-05").json()
+        assert len(data) == 1
+        assert data[0]["title"] == "General Body Meeting"
+
+    def test_filter_end_date_inclusive(self, client):
+        """Events on exactly end_date are included."""
+        data = client.get("/api/events?end_date=2026-04-15").json()
+        assert len(data) == 2
+
+    # --- event_type filter ---
+
+    def test_filter_by_event_type(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/events?event_type=hearing").json()
+        assert len(data) == 1
+        assert data[0]["title"] == "Finance Hearing"
+
+    def test_filter_by_event_type_meeting(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/events?event_type=meeting").json()
+        assert len(data) == 1
+        assert data[0]["title"] == "General Body Meeting"
+
+    def test_filter_nonexistent_type_returns_empty(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/events?event_type=zzznotype").json()
+        assert data == []
+
+    # --- combined filters ---
+
+    def test_combined_start_and_type_filter(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/events?start_date=2026-04-10&event_type=hearing").json()
+        assert len(data) == 1
+        assert data[0]["title"] == "Finance Hearing"
+
+    def test_date_range_no_results(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/events?start_date=2026-06-01&end_date=2026-06-30").json()
+        assert data == []
diff --git a/backend/tests/routes/test_finance.py b/backend/tests/routes/test_finance.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b576ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/tests/routes/test_finance.py
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+"""Integration tests for GET /api/finance-hearings (TDD Section 4.5.2)."""
+
+from app.models.FinanceHearingConfig import FinanceHearingConfig
+
+
+class TestGetFinanceHearings:
+    def test_returns_200(self, client):
+        assert client.get("/api/finance-hearings").status_code == 200
+
+    def test_returns_config_fields(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/finance-hearings").json()
+        for field in ("is_active", "season_start", "season_end", "dates"):
+            assert field in data, f"Field '{field}' missing from finance hearing config"
+
+    def test_active_config(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/finance-hearings").json()
+        assert data["is_active"] is True
+
+    def test_season_dates_present(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/finance-hearings").json()
+        assert data["season_start"] == "2026-01-15"
+        assert data["season_end"] == "2026-05-15"
+
+    def test_active_config_includes_dates(self, client):
+        """Active config should include all 2 seeded hearing dates."""
+        data = client.get("/api/finance-hearings").json()
+        assert isinstance(data["dates"], list)
+        assert len(data["dates"]) == 2
+
+    def test_date_fields_present(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/finance-hearings").json()
+        date_item = data["dates"][0]
+        for field in ("id", "hearing_date", "hearing_time", "location", "description", "is_full"):
+            assert field in date_item, f"Field '{field}' missing from hearing date"
+
+    def test_nullable_description(self, client):
+        """Second hearing date has null description — must be returned as null."""
+        data = client.get("/api/finance-hearings").json()
+        has_null_desc = any(d["description"] is None for d in data["dates"])
+        assert has_null_desc
+
+    def test_is_full_flag(self, client):
+        """Second hearing date is marked full."""
+        data = client.get("/api/finance-hearings").json()
+        full_dates = [d for d in data["dates"] if d["is_full"]]
+        assert len(full_dates) == 1
+
+    def test_inactive_config_returns_empty_dates(self, client, db_session):
+        config = db_session.query(FinanceHearingConfig).first()
+        config.is_active = False
+        db_session.commit()
+
+        data = client.get("/api/finance-hearings").json()
+        assert data["is_active"] is False
+        assert data["dates"] == []
diff --git a/backend/tests/routes/test_pages.py b/backend/tests/routes/test_pages.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e424762
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/tests/routes/test_pages.py
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+"""Integration tests for GET /api/pages/:slug (TDD Section 4.5.2)."""
+
+
+class TestGetPage:
+    def test_returns_200_for_existing_slug(self, client):
+        assert client.get("/api/pages/powers-of-senate").status_code == 200
+
+    def test_returns_correct_page(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/pages/powers-of-senate").json()
+        assert data["page_slug"] == "powers-of-senate"
+        assert data["title"] == "Powers of the Senate"
+
+    def test_page_fields_present(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/pages/powers-of-senate").json()
+        for field in ("id", "page_slug", "title", "body", "updated_at"):
+            assert field in data, f"Field '{field}' missing from page"
+
+    def test_body_not_empty(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/pages/powers-of-senate").json()
+        assert len(data["body"]) > 0
+
+    def test_404_for_nonexistent_slug(self, client):
+        assert client.get("/api/pages/this-page-does-not-exist").status_code == 404
+
+    def test_404_response_has_detail(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/pages/this-page-does-not-exist").json()
+        assert "detail" in data
diff --git a/backend/tests/routes/test_staff.py b/backend/tests/routes/test_staff.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..091424e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/tests/routes/test_staff.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+"""Integration tests for GET /api/staff (TDD Section 4.5.2)."""
+
+
+class TestListStaff:
+    def test_returns_200(self, client):
+        assert client.get("/api/staff").status_code == 200
+
+    def test_returns_list(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/staff").json()
+        assert isinstance(data, list)
+
+    def test_only_active_staff_returned(self, client):
+        """3 staff seeded (2 active, 1 inactive); only 2 should be returned."""
+        data = client.get("/api/staff").json()
+        assert len(data) == 2
+
+    def test_inactive_staff_excluded(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/staff").json()
+        names = {s["first_name"] for s in data}
+        assert "Inactive" not in names
+
+    def test_ordered_by_display_order(self, client):
+        data = client.get("/api/staff").json()
+        assert data[0]["first_name"] == "First"
+        assert data[1]["first_name"] == "Second"
+
+    def test_staff_fields_present(self, client):
+        staff = client.get("/api/staff").json()[0]
+        for field in ("id", "first_name", "last_name", "title", "email", "photo_url"):
+            assert field in staff, f"Field '{field}' missing from staff"
+
+    def test_photo_url_nullable(self, client):
+        """Staff seeded without photo_url; it should default to null."""
+        data = client.get("/api/staff").json()
+        assert all(s["photo_url"] is None for s in data)