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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html lang="en" xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8"/>
<link rel="icon" type="image/gif" href="/favicon.gif"/>
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="touch-icon-iphone-retina.png" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="touch-icon-ipad-retina.png" />
<title>Lorem Ipsum</title>
<script type="text/javascript"
src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML">
</script>
<style type="text/css" id="internal-style">
@import url(hyperpolyglot.css);
</style>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8"/>
<meta http-equiv="content-language" content="en"/>
</head>
<body>
<div id="container-wrap-wrap">
<div id="container-wrap">
<div id="container">
<div id="header">
<h1><a href="/"><span>Hyperpolyglot</span></a></h1>
</div>
<div id="content-wrap">
<div id="main-content">
<div id="page-title">Lorem Ipsum</div>
<div id="page-content">
<p><a href="#version">version</a> | <a href="#grammar-execution">grammar and execution</a> | <a href="#var-expr">variables and expressions</a> | <a href="#arithmetic-logic">arithmetic and logic</a> | <a href="#strings">strings</a> | <a href="#regexes">regexes</a> | <a href="#dates-time">dates and time</a> | <a href="#arrays">arrays</a> | <a href="#dictionaries">dictionaries</a> | <a href="#functions">functions</a> | <a href="#execution-control">execution control</a> | <a href="#exceptions">exceptions</a> | <a href="#streams">streams</a> | <a href="#files">files</a> | <a href="#file-fmt">file formats</a> | <a href="#directories">directories </a> | <a href="#processes-environment">processes and environment</a> | <a href="#libraries-namespaces">libraries and namespaces</a> | <a href="#user-defined-types">user-defined types</a> | <a href="#generic-types">generic types</a> | <a href="#objects">objects</a> | <a href="#inheritance-polymorphism">inheritance and polymorphism</a> | <a href="#reflection">reflection</a> | <a href="#net-web">net and web</a> | <a href="#debugging-profiling">debugging and profiling</a></p>
<table class="wiki-content-table">
<tr>
<th colspan="3"><a name="version"></a><a href="#version-note">version</a></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th><a href="#typescript">typescript</a></th>
<th><a href="#dart">dart</a></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="version-used"></a><a href="#version-used-note">version used</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>1.5</em></span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>1.10</em></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="version"></a><a href="#version-note">show version</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>$ tsc <span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">--</span>version</td>
<td>$ dart <span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">--</span>version</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="3"><a name="grammar-execution"></a><a href="#grammar-execution-note">grammar and execution</a></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>typescript</th>
<th>dart</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="hello-world"></a><a href="#hello-world-note">hello world</a></td>
<td>$ cat hello.ts<br />
console.log("Hello, World!");<br />
<br />
$ tsc hello.ts <br />
<br />
$ node hello.js<br />
Hello, World!</td>
<td>$ cat hello.dart<br />
void main() {<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>print('Hello, World!');<br />
}<br />
<br />
$ dart hello.dart<br />
Hello, World!<br />
<br />
$ dart2js hello.dart<br />
<br />
$ node out.js<br />
Hello, World!</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="file-suffixes"></a><a href="#file-suffixes-note">file suffixes</a><br />
<span style="color: gray"><em>source, header, object file</em></span></td>
<td>.ts .d.ts .js</td>
<td>.dart <span style="color: gray"><em>none</em></span> .js</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="interpreter"></a><a href="#interpreter-note">interpreter</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>none</em></span></td>
<td>$ dart foo.dart</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="block-delimiters"></a><a href="#block-delimiters-note">block delimiters</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>{}</td>
<td>{ <span style="color: gray"><em>...</em></span> }</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="statement-separator"></a><a href="#statement-separator-note">statement separator</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>; or newline<br />
<br />
newline not separator inside (), [], {}, "", '', or after binary operator<br />
<br />
newline sometimes not separator when following line would not parse as a valid statement</em></span></td>
<td>;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="eol-comment"></a><a href="#eol-comment-note">end-of-line comment</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> comment</span></td>
<td><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> <span style="color: gray"><em>comment</em></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="multiple-line-comment"></a><a href="#multiple-line-comment-note">multiple line comment</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray">/* line<br />
another line */</span></td>
<td>/* <span style="color: gray"><em>comment line</em></span><br />
<span style="color: gray"><em>another line</em></span> /* <span style="color: gray"><em>nested comment</em></span> */ */</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="3"><a name="var-expr"></a><a href="#var-expr-note">variables and expressions</a></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>typescript</th>
<th>dart</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="local-var"></a><a href="#local-var-note">local variable</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>var x: number = 1;<br />
var y: number = 2, z: number = 3;<br />
<br />
<span style="color: gray"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> type is inferred:</span><br />
var x = 1;<br />
var y = 2, z = 3;</td>
<td>int i;<br />
int j = 3, k = 4;<br />
<br />
<span style="color: gray"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> type is inferred:</span><br />
var x = 1;<br />
var y = 2, z = 3;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="local-scope-regions"></a><a href="#local-scope-regions-note">regions which define lexical scope</a></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>top level:<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>html page<br />
<br />
nestable:<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>function</em></span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>top level:<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>file<br />
<br />
nestable:<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>block</em></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="global-var"></a><a href="#global-var-note">global variable</a></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> no globals in TypeScript; if global is defined<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> in JavaScript it can be declared. <br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> Run time ReferenceError if not found:</span><br />
declare var g;</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="uninitialized-var"></a><a href="#uninitialized-var-note">uninitialized variable</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>set to</em> undefined</span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>set to</em> null</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="immutable-var"></a><a href="#immutable-var-note">immutable variable</a></td>
<td> </td>
<td>import 'dart:math';<br />
<br />
final x = (new Random()).nextDouble();</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="const"></a><a href="#const-note">constant</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>none</em></span></td>
<td>const double pi = 3.14;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="assignment"></a><a href="#assignment-note">assignment</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>x = 1;</td>
<td>i = 3;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="parallel-assignment"></a><a href="#parallel-assignment-note">parallel assignment</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>none</em></span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>none</em></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="swap"></a><a href="#swap-note">swap</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>var tmp = x;<br />
x = y;<br />
y = tmp;</td>
<td>int x = 1, y = 2, tmp;<br />
<br />
tmp = x;<br />
x = y;<br />
y = tmp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="compound-assignment"></a><a href="#compound-assignment-note">compound assignment</a><br />
<span style="color: gray"><em>arithmetic, string, logical, bit</em></span></td>
<td>+= -= *= /= <span style="color: gray"><em>none</em></span> %=<br />
+=<br />
<span style="color: gray"><em>none</em></span><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><<= >>= </span>&= |= ^=</td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>arithmetic:</em></span><br />
+= -= *= /= ~/= %=<br />
<br />
<span style="color: gray"><em>string:</em></span><br />
+= *=<br />
<br />
<span style="color: gray"><em>bit:</em></span><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><<= >>= &= ^= |=</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="incr-decr"></a><a href="#incr-decr-note">increment and decrement</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>var x = 1;<br />
var y = ++x;<br />
var z = <span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">--</span>y;</td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>premodifiers:</em></span><br />
++i <span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">--</span>i<br />
<br />
<span style="color: gray"><em>postmodifiers:</em></span><br />
i++ i<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">--</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="null"></a><a href="#null-note">null</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>null</td>
<td>null</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="null-test"></a><a href="#null-test-note">null test</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>v === null</td>
<td>x == null</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="option-type"></a><a href="#option-type-note">option type</a></td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="undef-var"></a><a href="#undef-var-note">undefined variable</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>undefined</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="conditional-expr"></a><a href="#conditional-expr-note">conditional expression</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>x > 0 ? x : -x</td>
<td>x > 0 ? x : -x</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="3"><a name="arithmetic-logic"></a><a href="#arithmetic-logic-note">arithmetic and logic</a></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>typescript</th>
<th>dart</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="boolean-type"></a><a href="#boolean-type-note">boolean type</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>var x: boolean = true;</td>
<td>bool</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="true-false"></a><a href="#true-false-note">true and false</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>true false</td>
<td>true false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="falsehoods"></a><a href="#falsehoods-note">falsehoods</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>false null undefined "" 0 NaN</td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>everything except for the boolean</em></span> true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="logical-op"></a><a href="#logical-op-note">logical operators</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>@@&& </td>
<td>@@ !</td>
<td>&& @</td>
<td>@@ !</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="relational-op"></a><a href="#relational-op-note">relational operators</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">===</span> !== < > >= <=<br />
<br />
<span style="color: gray"><em>perform type coercion:</em></span><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">==</span> !=</td>
<td>== != < > <= >=</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="min-max"></a><a href="#min-max-note">min and max</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>Math.min(1, 2, 3)<br />
Math.max(1, 2, 3)<br />
<br />
Math.min.apply(Math, [1, 2, 3])<br />
Math.max.apply(Math, [1, 2, 3])</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="int-type"></a><a href="#int-type-note">integer type</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>none; use</em> number</span></td>
<td>int</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="float-type"></a><a href="#float-type-note">float type</a></td>
<td>var x: number = 3.14;</td>
<td>double</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="arith-op"></a><a href="#arith-op-note">arithmetic operators</a><br />
<span style="color: gray"><em>addition, subtraction, multiplication, float division, quotient, remainder</em></span></td>
<td>+ - * / <span style="color: gray"><em>none</em></span> %</td>
<td><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">+</span> - * / %</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="int-div"></a><a href="#int-div-note">integer division</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>Math.floor(x / y)</td>
<td>3 ~/ 7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="int-div-zero"></a><a href="#int-div-zero-note">integer division by zero</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>returns assignable value Infinity, NaN, or -Infinity depending upon whether dividend is positive, zero, or negative.<br />
<br />
There are literals for Infinity and NaN.</em></span></td>
<td>IntegerDivisionByZeroException</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="float-div"></a><a href="#float-div-note">float division</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>13 / 5</td>
<td>3 / 7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="float-div-zero"></a><a href="#float-div-zero-note">float division by zero</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>same behavior as for integers</em></span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> not literals:</span><br />
Infinity, NaN, <span style="color: gray"><em>or</em></span> -Infinity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="power"></a><a href="#power-note">power</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>Math.pow(2, 32)</td>
<td>import 'dart:math' as math;<br />
<br />
math.pow(2.0, 3.0)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="sqrt"></a><a href="#sqrt-note">sqrt</a></td>
<td>Math.sqrt(2)</td>
<td>import 'dart:math' as math;<br />
<br />
math.sqrt(2)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="sqrt-negative-one"></a><a href="#sqrt-negative-one-note">sqrt -1</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>NaN</td>
<td>import 'dart:math' as math;<br />
<br />
<span style="color: gray"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> NaN:</span><br />
math.sqrt(-1)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="transcendental-func"></a><a href="#transcendental-func-note">transcendental functions</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>Math.exp Math.log Math.sin Math.cos Math.tan Math.asin Math.acos Math.atan Math.atan2</td>
<td>import 'dart:math' as math;<br />
<br />
math.log <span style="color: gray"><em>none</em></span> <span style="color: gray"><em>none</em></span><br />
math.sin math.cos math.tan<br />
math.asin math.acos math.atan<br />
math.atan2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="transcendental-const"></a><a href="#transcendental-const-note">transcendental constants</a><br />
<span style="color: gray"><em>π and e</em></span></td>
<td>Math.PI<br />
Math.E</td>
<td>import 'dart:math' as math;<br />
<br />
math.PI<br />
math.E</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="float-truncation"></a><a href="#float-truncation-note">float truncation</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>none</em></span><br />
Math.round(3.1)<br />
Math.floor(3.1)<br />
Math.ceil(3.1)</td>
<td>3.14.truncate()<br />
3.14.round()<br />
3.14.floor()<br />
3.14.ceil()<br />
<br />
<span style="color: gray"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> (-3.14).floor() is -4 but -3.14.floor() is -3.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="abs-val"></a><a href="#abs-val-note">absolute value</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>Math.abs(-3)</td>
<td>(-7.77).abs()</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="int-overflow"></a><a href="#int-overflow-note">integer overflow</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>all numbers are floats</em></span></td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="float-overflow"></a><a href="#float-overflow-note">float overflow</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>Infinity</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="random-num"></a><a href="#random-num-note">random number</a><br />
<span style="color: gray"><em>uniform integer, uniform float, normal float</em></span></td>
<td>Math.floor(Math.random() * 100)<br />
Math.random()<br />
<span style="color: gray"><em>none</em></span></td>
<td>import 'dart:math';<br />
<br />
var rnd = new Random();<br />
int n = rnd.nextInt(100);<br />
int x = rnd.nextDouble();</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="random-seed"></a><a href="#random-seed-note">random seed</a><br />
<span style="color: gray"><em>set, get, restore</em></span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>none</em></span></td>
<td>import 'dart:math';<br />
<br />
var rnd = new Random(17);</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="bit-op"></a><a href="#bit-op-note">bit operators</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><< >> & | ^ ~</span></td>
<td><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> << >> & | ^ ~ </span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="binary-octal-hex-literals"></a><a href="#binary-octal-hex-literals-note">binary, octal, and hex literals</a></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>none</em></span><br />
052 <span style="color: gray"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> deprecated</span><br />
0x2a</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="radix"></a><a href="#radix-note">radix</a><br />
<span style="color: gray"><em>convert integer to and from string with radix</em></span></td>
<td>(42).toString(7)<br />
<span style="color: gray"><em>??</em></span></td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="3"><a name="strings"></a><a href="#strings-note">strings</a></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>typescript</th>
<th>dart</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="str-type"></a><a href="#str-type-note">string type</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>var s: string = "lorem ipsum";</td>
<td>String</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="str-literal"></a><a href="#str-literal-note">string literal</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>"don't say \"no\""<br />
'don\'t say "no"'</td>
<td>var s = 'don\'t say "no"';<br />
var s2 = "don't say \"no\"";<br />
var s3 = '''don't say "no"'<br />
var s4 = """don't say "no\""""<br />
<br />
<span style="color: gray"><em>raw string literals:</em></span> r'foo' r"foo"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="newline-in-str-literal"></a><a href="#newline-in-str-literal-note">newline in literal</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>yes</em></span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> triple quote literals only:</span><br />
var s = '''first line<br />
second line''';<br />
<br />
var s2 = """first line<br />
second line"""</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="str-literal-esc"></a><a href="#str-literal-esc-note">literal escapes</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>single and double quotes:</em></span><br />
\b \f \n \r \t \v \uhhhh \xhh \" \' \\</td>
<td>\b \f \n \r \t \v \" \' \$ \\<br />
\x<span style="color: gray"><em>hh</em></span> \u<span style="color: gray"><em>hhhh</em></span> \u{<span style="color: gray"><em>h...</em></span>}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="here-doc"></a><a href="#here-doc-note">here document</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>none</em></span></td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="var-interpolation"></a><a href="#var-interpolation-note">variable interpolation</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> None; use string concatenation.<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> Both of these expressions are '11':</span><br />
1 + "1"<br />
"1" + 1</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="expr-interpolation"></a><a href="#expr-interpolation-note">expression interpolation</a></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>none</em></span></td>
<td>var count = 3;<br />
var item = "BALL";<br />
<br />
<span style="color: gray"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> 3 balls</span><br />
print('$count ${item.toLowerCase()}s');</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="format-str"></a><a href="#format-str-note">format string</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> None; use string concatenation.<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> Evaluates to "12.35":</span><br />
12.3456.toFixed(2)</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="mutable-str"></a><a href="#mutable-str-note">are strings mutable?</a></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>no</em></span></td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="compare-str"></a><a href="#compare-str-note">compare strings</a></td>
<td>"hello" === "world"<br />
"hello" < "world"</td>
<td>"hello" == "world"<br />
"hello".compareTo("world") < 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="copy-str"></a><a href="#copy-str-note">copy string</a></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>none</em></span></td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="str-concat"></a><a href="#str-concat-note">concatenate</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>s = "Hello, " + "World!";</td>
<td>"hello" + " world"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="str-replicate"></a><a href="#str-replicate-note">replicate</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>var hbar = Array(80).join("-");</td>
<td>var hbar = "-" * 80;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="translate-case"></a><a href="#translate-case-note">translate case</a><br />
<span style="color: gray"><em>to upper, to lower</em></span></td>
<td>"lorem".toUpperCase()<br />
"LOREM".toLowerCase()</td>
<td>"hello".toUpperCase()<br />
"HELLO".toLowerCase()</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="capitalize"></a><a href="#capitalize-note">capitalize</a><br />
<span style="color: gray"><em>string, words</em></span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>none</em></span></td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="trim"></a><a href="#trim-note">trim</a><br />
<span style="color: gray"><em>both sides, left, right</em></span></td>
<td>" lorem ".trim()<br />
<span style="color: gray"># some browsers:</span><br />
" lorem".trimLeft()<br />
"lorem ".trimRight()</td>
<td>" lorem ".trim()<br />
" lorem ".trimLeft()<br />
" lorem ".trimRight()</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="pad"></a><a href="#pad-note">pad</a><br />
<span style="color: gray"><em>on right, on left, centered</em></span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>none</em></span></td>
<td>"lorem".padRight(10, " ")<br />
"lorem".padLeft(10, " ")</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="num-to-str"></a><a href="#num-to-str-note">number to string</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>"value: " + 8</td>
<td>3.14.toString()<br />
7.toString()</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="str-to-num"></a><a href="#str-to-num-note">string to number</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>7 + parseInt("12", 10)<br />
73.9 + parseFloat(".037")<br />
<br />
<span style="color: gray"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> 12:</span><br />
parseInt("12A")<br />
<span style="color: gray"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> NaN:</span><br />
parseInt("A")</td>
<td>var n = int.parse("17");<br />
var x = double.parse("3.14");</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="str-join"></a><a href="#str-join-note">string join</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>["do", "re", "mi"].join(" ")</td>
<td>['foo', 'bar', 'baz'].join(' ')</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="split"></a><a href="#split-note">split</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> [ "do", "re", "", "mi", "" ]:</span><br />
"do re<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>mi ".split(" ")<br />
<br />
<span style="color: gray"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> [ "do", "re", "mi", "" ]:</span><br />
"do re<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>mi ".split(/\s+/)</td>
<td>var a = "foo bar bar".split(' ');</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="split-in-two"></a><a href="#split-in-two-note">split in two</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>none</em></span></td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="split-keep-delimiters"></a><a href="#split-keep-delimiters-note">split and keep delimiters</a></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>none</em></span></td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="prefix-suffix-test"></a><a href="#prefix-suffix-test-note">prefix and suffix test</a></td>
<td>"foobar".startsWith("foo")<br />
"foobar".endsWith("bar")</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="str-len"></a><a href="#str-len-note">length</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>"lorem".length</td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> number of 16 bit runes:</span><br />
"hello".length</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="index-substr"></a><a href="#index-substr-note">index of substring</a><br />
<span style="color: gray"><em>first, last</em></span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> returns -1 if not found:</span><br />
"lorem ipsum".indexOf("ipsum")</td>
<td>"hello".indexOf("ll")</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="extract-substr"></a><a href="#extract-substr-note">extract substring</a><br />
<span style="color: gray"><em>by start and length, by start and end, by successive starts</em></span></td>
<td>"lorem ipsum".substr(6, 5)<br />
"lorem ipsum".substring(6, 11)</td>
<td>"hello".substring(2, 4)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="char-type"></a><a href="#char-type-note">character type</a></td>
<td> </td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> 16 bits:</span><br />
rune</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="lookup-char"></a><a href="#lookup-char-note">character lookup</a></td>
<td>"lorem ipsum"[6]</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="chr-ord"></a><a href="#chr-ord-note">chr and ord</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>String.fromCharCode(65)<br />
"A".charCodeAt(0)</td>
<td>new String.fromCharCodes([65])<br />
"A".codeUnitAt(0)<br />
<br />
<span style="color: gray"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> for Unicode points above U+FFFF codeUnitAt will<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> return part of a surrogate pair</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="str-to-char-array"></a><a href="#str-to-char-array-note">to array of characters</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>"abcd".split("")</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="translate-char"></a><a href="#translate-char-note">translate characters</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>none</em></span></td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="delete-char"></a><a href="#delete-char-note">delete characters</a></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>none</em></span></td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="squeeze-char"></a><a href="#squeeze-char-note">squeeze characters</a></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>none</em></span></td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="3"><a name="regexes"></a><a href="#regexes-note">regular expressions</a></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>typescript</th>
<th>dart</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="regex-literal"></a><a href="#regex-literal-note">literal, custom delimited literal</a></td>
<td>/lorem|ipsum/</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="regex-metachar"></a><a href="#regex-metachar-note">metacharacters</a></td>
<td> </td>
<td>. [ ] \ ( ) * + ? { } | ^ $<br />
<br />
<span style="color: gray"><em>use raw string (i.e. with r prefix) literals to avoid having to escape backslashes.</em></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="char-class-abbrev"></a><a href="#char-class-abbrev-note">character class abbreviations</a></td>
<td>. \d \D \s \S \w \W</td>
<td>. \d \D \s \S \w \W</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="regex-anchors"></a><a href="#regex-anchors-note">anchors</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>^ $ \b \B</td>
<td>^ $ \b \B</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="regex-test"></a><a href="#regex-test-note">match test</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>if (s.match(/1999/)) {<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>alert("party!");<br />
}</td>
<td> RegExp rx = new RegExp(r"1999");<br />
String s = "It's 1999";<br />
<br />
if (rx.hasMatch(s)) {<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>print("Party!");<br />
}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="case-insensitive-regex"></a><a href="#case-insensitive-regex-note">case insensitive match test</a></td>
<td>"Lorem".match(/lorem/i)</td>
<td>RegExp rx = new RegExp(r"lorem", caseSensitive: false);<br />
String s = "Lorem Ipsum";<br />
<br />
if (rx.hasMatch(s)) {<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>print("case insensitive match");<br />
}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="regex-modifiers"></a><a href="#regex-modifiers-note">modifiers</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>g i m</td>
<td><span style="color: gray">RegExp <em>constructor takes two optional boolean named parameters:</em></span><br />
<br />
multiLine<br />
caseSensitive</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="subst"></a><a href="#subst-note">substitution</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>s = "do re mi mi mi";<br />
s.replace(/mi/g, "ma");</td>
<td>RegExp re = new RegExp(r'mi');<br />
print("do re mi mi mi".replaceAll(re, "ma"));</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="match-prematch-postmatch"></a><a href="#match-prematch-postmatch-note">match, prematch, postmatch</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td><span style="color: per">m</span> = /\d{4}/.exec(s);<br />
if (m) {<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>match = m[0];<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="color: gray"># no prematch or postmatch</span><br />
}</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="group-capture"></a><a href="#group-capture-note">group capture</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>rx = /^(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})$/;<br />
m = rx.exec('2009-06-03');<br />
yr = m[1];<br />
mo = m[2];<br />
dy = m[3];</td>
<td>RegExp rx = new RegExp(r'(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})');<br />
var md = rx.firstMatch("2010-06-03");<br />
<br />
if (md != null) {<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>var yyyy = md.group(1);<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>var mm = md.group(2);<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>var dd = md.group(3);<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>print("year: $yyyy month: $mm day: $dd");<br />
}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="named-group-capture"></a><a href="#named-group-capture-note">named group capture</a></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>none</em></span></td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="scan"></a><a href="#scan-note">scan</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>var a = "dolor sit amet".match(/\w+/g);</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="backreference"></a><a href="#backreference-note">backreference in match and substitution</a></td>
<td>/(\w+) \1/.exec("do do")<br />
<br />
"do re".replace(/(\w+) (\w+)/, '$2 $1')</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="recursive-regex"></a><a href="#recursive-regex-note">recursive regex</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>none</em></span></td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="3"><a name="dates-time"></a><a href="#dates-time-note">dates and time</a></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>typescript</th>
<th>dart</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="broken-down-datetime-type"></a><a href="#broken-down-datetime-type-note">broken-down datetime type</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td><span style="color: green">Date</span></td>
<td>DateTime</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="current-datetime"></a><a href="#current-datetime-note">current datetime</a></td>
<td><span style="color: purple">var</span> <span style="color: peru">t</span> = <span style="color: purple">new</span> <span style="color: green">Date</span>();</td>
<td>var dt = new DateTime.now();</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="current-unix-epoch"></a><a href="#current-unix-epoch-note">current unix epoch</a></td>
<td>(<span style="color: purple">new</span> <span style="color: green">Date</span>()).getTime() / 1000</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="broken-down-datetime-to-unix-epoch"></a><a href="#broken-down-datetime-to-unix-epoch-note">broken-down datetime to unix epoch</a></td>
<td>Math.round(t.getTime() / 1000)</td>
<td>dt.millisecondsSinceEpoch ~/ 1000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="unix-epoch-to-broken-down-datetime"></a><a href="#unix-epoch-to-broken-down-datetime-note">unix epoch to broken-down datetime</a></td>
<td><span style="color: purple">var</span> <span style="color: peru">epoch</span> = 1315716177;<br />
<span style="color: purple">var</span> <span style="color: peru">t2</span> = <span style="color: purple">new</span> <span style="color: green">Date</span>(epoch * 1000);</td>
<td>int t = 1422021432;<br />
<br />
var dt = new DateTime.fromMillisecondsSinceEpoch(t * 1000);</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="fmt-datetime"></a><a href="#fmt-datetime-note">format datetime</a></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>none</em></span></td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="parse-datetime"></a><a href="#parse-datetime-note">parse datetime</a></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>none</em></span></td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="parse-datetime-without-fmt"></a><a href="#parse-datetime-without-fmt-note">parse datetime w/o format</a></td>
<td><span style="color: purple">var</span> <span style="color: peru">t</span> = <span style="color: purple">new</span> <span style="color: green">Date</span>(<span style="color: maroon">"July 7, 1999"</span>);</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="date-parts"></a><a href="#date-parts-note">date parts</a></td>
<td>t.getFullYear()<br />
t.getMonth() + 1<br />
t.getDate() <span style="color: gray"># getDay() is day of week</span></td>
<td>int yr = dt.year;<br />
int mo = dt.month;<br />
int dy = dt.day;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="time-parts"></a><a href="#time-parts-note">time parts</a></td>
<td>t.getHours()<br />
t.getMinutes()<br />
t.getSeconds()</td>
<td>int hr = dt.hour;<br />
int mi = dt.minute;<br />
int ss = dt.second;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="build-datetime"></a><a href="#build-datetime-note">build broken-down datetime</a></td>
<td><span style="color: purple">var</span> <span style="color: peru">yr</span> = 1999;<br />
<span style="color: purple">var</span> <span style="color: peru">mo</span> = 9;<br />
<span style="color: purple">var</span> <span style="color: peru">dy</span> = 10;<br />
<span style="color: purple">var</span> <span style="color: peru">hr</span> = 23;<br />
<span style="color: purple">var</span> <span style="color: peru">mi</span> = 30;<br />
<span style="color: purple">var</span> <span style="color: peru">ss</span> = 0;<br />
<span style="color: purple">var</span> <span style="color: peru">t</span> = <span style="color: purple">new</span> <span style="color: green">Date</span>(yr, mo - 1, dy, hr, mi, ss);</td>
<td>var dt = new DateTime(1999, 9, 10, 23, 30, 0);<br />
<br />
var dt_utc = new DateTime.utc(1999, 9, 10, 23, 30, 0);</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="datetime-subtraction"></a><a href="#datetime-subtraction-note">datetime subtraction</a></td>
<td><span style="color: gray">number <em>containing time difference in milliseconds</em></span></td>
<td>Duration delta = dt.difference(dt2);</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="add-duration"></a><a href="#add-duration-note">add duration</a></td>
<td><span style="color: purple">var</span> <span style="color: peru">t1</span> = <span style="color: purple">new</span> <span style="color: green">Date</span>();<br />
<span style="color: purple">var</span> <span style="color: peru">delta</span> = (10 * 60 + 3) * 1000;<br />
<span style="color: purple">var</span> <span style="color: peru">t2</span> = <span style="color: purple">new</span> <span style="color: green">Date</span>(t1.getTime() + delta);</td>
<td>Duration delta1 = const Duration(seconds: 1000);<br />
Duration delta2 = const Duration(hours: 1000);<br />
Duration delta3 = const Duration(days: 1000);<br />
<br />
var dt2 = dt.add(delta1);<br />
var dt3 = dt.subtract(delta3);</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="local-tmz-determination"></a><a href="#local-tmz-determination-note">local time zone determination</a></td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="tmz-info"></a><a href="#tmz-info-note">time zone info</a><br />
<br />
<span style="color: gray"><em>name and UTC offset</em></span></td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="daylight-savings-test"></a><a href="#daylight-savings-test-note">daylight savings test</a></td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="microseconds"></a><a href="#microseconds-note">microseconds</a></td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="sleep"></a><a href="#sleep-note">sleep</a></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>none</em></span></td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="3"><a name="arrays"></a><a href="#arrays-note">arrays</a></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>typescript</th>