-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
Expand file tree
/
Copy pathscripting2.html
More file actions
3885 lines (3856 loc) · 180 KB
/
scripting2.html
File metadata and controls
3885 lines (3856 loc) · 180 KB
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html lang="en" xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8"/>
<link rel="icon" type="image/gif" href="/favicon.gif"/>
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="touch-icon-iphone-retina.png" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="touch-icon-ipad-retina.png" />
<title>Lorem Ipsum</title>
<script type="text/javascript"
src="http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML">
</script>
<style type="text/css" id="internal-style">
@import url(hyperpolyglot.css);
</style>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8"/>
<meta http-equiv="content-language" content="en"/>
</head>
<body>
<div id="container-wrap-wrap">
<div id="container-wrap">
<div id="container">
<div id="header">
<h1><a href="/"><span>Hyperpolyglot</span></a></h1>
</div>
<div id="content-wrap">
<div id="main-content">
<div id="page-title">Lorem Ipsum</div>
<div id="page-content">
<p><a name="top"></a><em>a side-by-side reference sheet</em></p>
<p><strong><a href="/scripting">sheet one</a>:</strong> <a href="/scripting#version">version</a> | <a href="/scripting#grammar-invocation">grammar and invocation</a> | <a href="/scripting#var-expr">variables and expressions</a> | <a href="/scripting#arithmetic-logic">arithmetic and logic</a> | <a href="/scripting#strings">strings</a> | <a href="/scripting#regexes">regexes</a> | <a href="/scripting#dates-time">dates and time</a> | <a href="/scripting#arrays">arrays</a> | <a href="/scripting#dictionaries">dictionaries</a> | <a href="/scripting#functions">functions</a> | <a href="/scripting#execution-control">execution control</a> | <a href="/scripting#exceptions">exceptions</a> | <a href="/scripting#threads">threads</a></p>
<p><strong>sheet two:</strong> <a href="#streams">streams</a> | <a href="#async">asynchronous events</a> | <a href="#files">files</a> | <a href="#file-fmt">file formats</a> | <a href="#directories">directories </a> | <a href="#processes-environment">processes and environment</a> | <a href="#option-parsing">option parsing</a> | <a href="#libraries-namespaces">libraries and namespaces</a> | <a href="#objects">objects</a> | <a href="#reflection">reflection</a> | <a href="#net-web">net and web</a> | <a href="#databases">databases</a> | <a href="#unit-tests">unit tests</a> | <a href="#debugging">debugging</a></p>
<table class="wiki-content-table">
<tr>
<th colspan="5"><a name="streams"></a><a href="#streams-note">streams</a></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>node.js</th>
<th>python</th>
<th>php</th>
<th>ruby</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="read-stdin"></a><a href="#read-stdin-note">read from stdin</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>let readline = require('readline');<br />
<br />
let rl = readline.createInterface({<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>input: process.stdin<br />
});<br />
rl.on('line', (line) => {<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="color: gray"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> this code executes once for each line</span><br />
});</td>
<td>line = sys.stdin.readline()<br />
s = line.rstrip('\r\n')</td>
<td>$stdin = fopen('php:<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span>stdin', 'r');<br />
$line = rtrim(fgets($stdin));</td>
<td>line = gets<br />
s = line.chomp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="write-stdout"></a><a href="#write-stdout-note">write to stdout</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>console.log('Hello, World!');</td>
<td>print('Hello, World!')<br />
<br />
sys.stdout.write('Hello, World!\n')</td>
<td>echo "Hello, World!\n";</td>
<td>puts "Hello, World!"<br />
<br />
$stdout.write("Hello, World!\n")</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="write-fmt-stdout"></a><a href="#write-fmt-stdout-note">write format to stdout</a></td>
<td> </td>
<td>import math<br />
<br />
print('%.2f' % math.pi)</td>
<td>printf("%.2f\n", M_PI);</td>
<td>printf("%.2f\n", Math::PI)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="write-stderr"></a><a href="#write-stderr-note">write to stderr</a></td>
<td>console.error('bam!');</td>
<td>sys.stderr.write('bam!\n')</td>
<td>$stderr = fopen('php:<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span>stderr', 'w');<br />
fwrite($stderr, "bam!\n");</td>
<td>$stderr.puts "bam!"<br />
<br />
$stderr.write("bam!\n")</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="open-read"></a><a href="#open-read-note">open for reading</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td> </td>
<td>f = open('/etc/hosts',<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>encoding='utf-8')<br />
<br />
<span style="color: gray"># Python 2: use codecs.open()</span></td>
<td>$f = fopen("/etc/hosts", "r");</td>
<td>f = File.open("/etc/hosts", "r:utf-8")</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="open-read-bytes"></a><a href="#open-read-bytes-note">open for reading bytes</a></td>
<td>let fs = require('fs');<br />
<br />
let f = fs.openSync("/etc/hosts", "r");</td>
<td>f = open('/etc/hosts', 'rb')</td>
<td>$f = fopen("/etc/hosts", "r");</td>
<td>f = File.open("/etc/hosts", "rb")</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="read-line"></a><a href="#read-line-note">read line</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td> </td>
<td>f.readline()</td>
<td>$line = fgets($f);</td>
<td>f.gets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="iterate-by-line"></a><a href="#iterate-by-line-note">iterate by line</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>const readline = require('readline');<br />
const fs = require('fs');<br />
<br />
let f = fs.createReadStream('/etc/hosts');<br />
const rl = readline.createInterface({<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>input: f<br />
});<br />
rl.on('line', (line) => {<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>console.log(line);<br />
});</td>
<td>for line in f:<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>print(line)</td>
<td>while (!feof($f)) {<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>$line = fgets($f);<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>echo $line;<br />
}</td>
<td>f.each do |line|<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>print(line)<br />
end</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="read-file-str"></a><a href="#read-file-str-note">read file into string</a></td>
<td>let fs = require('fs');<br />
<br />
let s = fs.readFileSync('/etc/hosts', 'utf8');</td>
<td>s = f.read()</td>
<td>$s = file_get_contents(<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>"/etc/hosts");</td>
<td>s = f.read</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="read-file-array"></a><a href="#read-file-array-note">read file into array of strings</a></td>
<td> </td>
<td>a = f.readlines()</td>
<td>$a = file("/etc/hosts");</td>
<td>a = f.lines.to_a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="read-fixed-len"></a><a href="#read-fixed-len-note">read fixed length</a></td>
<td>let buf = Buffer.alloc(100);<br />
<span style="color: gray"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> 3rd arg is offset into buf:</span><br />
let n = fs.readSync(f, buf, 0, 100);<br />
let s = buf.toString('utf-8', 0, n);</td>
<td>s = f.read(100)</td>
<td>$s = fread($f, 100);</td>
<td>s = f.read(100)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="read-char"></a><a href="#read-char-note">read char</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td> </td>
<td>ch = f.read(1)</td>
<td>$ch = fread($f, 1);</td>
<td>ch = f.readchar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="read-serialized-data"></a><a href="#read-serialized-data-note">read serialized data</a></td>
<td>let fs = require('fs');<br />
<br />
let s = fs.readFileSync("/tmp/data.json");<br />
let data = JSON.parse(s);</td>
<td>import pickle<br />
<br />
with open('/tmp/data.pickle', 'rb') as f:<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>data = pickle.load(f)</td>
<td>$s = file_get_contents("/tmp/data");<br />
$data = unserialize($s);</td>
<td>File.open('/tmp/data.marshal') do |f|<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>data = Marshal.load(f)<br />
end</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="open-write"></a><a href="#open-write-note">open for writing</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>let fs = require('fs');<br />
<br />
let f = fs.openSync("/tmp/test", "w");</td>
<td>f = open('/tmp/test', 'w'<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>encoding='utf-8')<br />
<br />
<span style="color: gray"># Python 2: use codecs.open()</span></td>
<td>$f = fopen("/tmp/test", "w");</td>
<td>f = File.open("/tmp/test", "w:utf-8")</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="open-write-bytes"></a><a href="#open-write-bytes-note">open for writing bytes</a></td>
<td>let fs = require('fs');<br />
<br />
let f = fs.openSync("/tmp/test", "w");</td>
<td>f = open('/tmp/test', 'wb')</td>
<td>$f = fopen("/tmp/test", "w");</td>
<td>f = File.open("/tmp/test", "wb")</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="open-append"></a><a href="#open-append-note">open for appending</a></td>
<td>et fs = require('fs');<br />
<br />
let f = fs.openSync("/tmp/test", "a");</td>
<td>f = open('/tmp/err.log', 'a')</td>
<td>$f = fopen("/tmp/test", "a");</td>
<td>f = File.open("/tmp/err.log", "a")</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="write-str"></a><a href="#write-str-note">write string</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>fs.writeSync(f, 'lorem ipsum');<br />
<br />
<span style="color: gray"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> writeSync() takes String or Buffer arg.<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> A String is encoded as UTF-8.</span></td>
<td> f.write('lorem ipsum')</td>
<td>fwrite($f, "lorem ipsum"); </td>
<td>f.write("lorem ipsum")</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="write-line"></a><a href="#write-line-note">write line</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>fs.writeSync(f, 'lorem ipsum\n');</td>
<td>f.write('lorem ipsum\n')</td>
<td>fwrite($f, "lorem ipsum\n");</td>
<td>f.puts("lorem ipsum")</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="write-fmt"></a><a href="#write-fmt-note">write format</a></td>
<td> </td>
<td>import math<br />
<br />
f.write('%.2f\n', math.pi)</td>
<td>fprintf($f, "%.2f\n", M_PI);</td>
<td>f.printf("%.2f\n", Math::PI)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="write-char"></a><a href="#write-char-note">write char</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td> </td>
<td>f.write('A')</td>
<td>fwrite($f, "A");</td>
<td>f.putc('A')</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="write-serialized-data"></a><a href="#write-serialized-data-note">write serialized data</a></td>
<td>let fs = require('fs');<br />
<br />
let s = JSON.stringify({foo: [1, 2, 3]});<br />
fs.writeFileSync("/tmp/data.json", s);</td>
<td>import pickle<br />
<br />
with open('/tmp/data.pickle', 'wb') as f:<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>pickle.dump({'foo': [1, 2, 3]}, f)</td>
<td>$f = fopen("/tmp/data", "w");<br />
$data = ["foo" => [1, 2, 3]];<br />
fwrite($f, serialize($data));<br />
fclose($f);</td>
<td>File.open('/tmp/data.marshal', 'w') do |f|<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>Marshal.dump({'foo': [1, 2, 3]}, f)<br />
end</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="close"></a><a href="#close-note">close</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>fs.closeSync(f);</td>
<td>f.close()</td>
<td>fclose($f);</td>
<td>f.close</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="close-block-exit"></a><a href="#close-block-exit-note">close on block exit</a></td>
<td> </td>
<td>with open('/tmp/test', 'w') as f:<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>f.write('lorem ipsum\n')</td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>none</em></span></td>
<td>File.open("/tmp/test", "w") do |f|<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>f.puts("lorem ipsum")<br />
end</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="flush"></a><a href="#flush-note">flush</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray">writeSync() <em>isn't buffered</em></span></td>
<td> f.flush()</td>
<td><span style="color: gray"># CLI output isn't buffered</span><br />
fflush($f);</td>
<td>f.flush</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="seek"></a><a href="#seek-note">position</a><br />
<br />
<span style="color: gray"><em>get, set</em></span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> no get</span><br />
<br />
let buf = Buffer.alloc(100);<br />
<span style="color: gray"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> 5th arg is where in file to start read:</span><br />
fs.readSync(f, buf, 0, 100, 0);<br />
<span style="color: gray"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> 3rd arg is where in file to start write:</span><br />
fs.writeSync(f2, buf, 0);</td>
<td>f.tell()<br />
f.seek(0)</td>
<td>ftell($f)<br />
fseek($f, 0);</td>
<td>f.tell<br />
f.seek(0)<br />
<br />
f.pos<br />
f.pos = 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="tmp-file"></a><a href="#tmp-file-note">open temporary file</a></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> npm install tmp</span><br />
let tmp = require('tmp');<br />
let fs = require('fs');<br />
<br />
let file = tmp.fileSync();<br />
fs.writeSync(file.fd, 'lorem ipsum');<br />
console.log(<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">`</span>tmp file: ${file.name}<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">`</span>);<br />
fs.closeSync(file.fd);</td>
<td>import tempfile<br />
<br />
f = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile()<br />
f.write('lorem ipsum\n')<br />
print("tmp file: %s" % f.name)<br />
f.close()<br />
<br />
<span style="color: gray"># file is removed when file handle is closed</span></td>
<td>$f = tmpfile();<br />
fwrite($f, "lorem ipsum\n");<br />
<span style="color: gray"># no way to get file name</span><br />
fclose($f);<br />
<br />
<span style="color: gray"># file is removed when file handle is closed</span></td>
<td>require 'tempfile'<br />
<br />
f = Tempfile.new('')<br />
f.puts "lorem ipsum"<br />
puts "tmp file: #{f.path}"<br />
f.close<br />
<br />
<span style="color: gray"># file removed when file handle<br />
# garbage-collected or interpreter exits</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="open-in-memory-file"></a><a href="#open-in-memory-file-note">open in memory file</a></td>
<td> </td>
<td>import io<br />
<br />
f = io.StringIO()<br />
f.write('lorem ipsum\n')<br />
s = f.getvalue()<br />
<br />
<span style="color: gray"># Python2: in StringIO module</span></td>
<td>$meg = 1024 * 1024;<br />
$mem = "php:<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span>temp/maxmemory:$meg";<br />
$f = fopen($mem, "r+");<br />
fputs($f, "lorem ipsum");<br />
rewind($f);<br />
$s = fread($f, $meg);</td>
<td>require 'stringio'<br />
<br />
f = StringIO.new<br />
f.puts("lorem ipsum")<br />
f.rewind<br />
s = f.read</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="5"><a name="async"></a><a href="#async-note">asynchronous events</a></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>node.js</th>
<th>python</th>
<th>php</th>
<th>ruby</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="start-event-loop"></a><a href="#start-event-loop-note">start event loop</a></td>
<td> </td>
<td><span style="color: gray"># Python 3.4 and later:</span><br />
import asyncio<br />
<br />
asyncio.BaseEventLoop.run_forever()</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="read-file-async"></a><a href="#read-file-async-note">read file asynchronously</a></td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="write-file-async"></a><a href="#write-file-async-note">write file asynchronously</a></td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="promise"></a><a href="#promise-note">promise</a></td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="5"><a name="files"></a><a href="#files-note">files</a></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>node.js</th>
<th>python</th>
<th>php</th>
<th>ruby</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="file-test"></a><a href="#file-test-note">file exists test, file regular test</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>let fs = require('fs');<br />
<br />
let exists = fs.existsSync('/etc/hosts');<br />
let stat = fs.statSync('/etc/hosts');<br />
let regular = stat.isFile();</td>
<td>os.path.exists('/etc/hosts')<br />
os.path.isfile('/etc/hosts')</td>
<td>file_exists("/etc/hosts")<br />
is_file("/etc/hosts")</td>
<td>File.exists?("/etc/hosts")<br />
File.file?("/etc/hosts")</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="file-size"></a><a href="#file-size-note">file size</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>let fs = require('fs');<br />
<br />
let stat = fs.statSync('/etc/hosts');<br />
let size = stat.size;</td>
<td>os.path.getsize('/etc/hosts')</td>
<td>filesize("/etc/hosts")</td>
<td>File.size("/etc/hosts")</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="readable-writable-executable"></a><a href="#readable-writable-executable-note">is file readable, writable, executable</a></td>
<td>let fs = require('fs');<br />
<br />
<span style="color: gray"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> no return values; exception thrown<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> if not readable, writable, or executable:</span><br />
fs.accessSync('/etc/hosts',<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>fs.constants.R_OK);<br />
fs.accessSync('/etc/hosts',<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>fs.constants.W_OK);<br />
fs.accessSync('/etc/hosts',<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>fs.constants.X_OK);</td>
<td>os.access('/etc/hosts', os.R_OK)<br />
os.access('/etc/hosts', os.W_OK)<br />
os.access('/etc/hosts', os.X_OK)</td>
<td>is_readable("/etc/hosts")<br />
is_writable("/etc/hosts")<br />
is_executable("/etc/hosts")</td>
<td>File.readable?("/etc/hosts")<br />
File.writable?("/etc/hosts")<br />
File.executable?("/etc/hosts")</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="chmod"></a><a href="#chmod-note">set file permissions</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td>let fs = require('fs');<br />
<br />
fs.chmodSync('/tmp/foo', parseInt('755', 8));</td>
<td>os.chmod('/tmp/foo', 0755)</td>
<td>chmod("/tmp/foo", 0755);</td>
<td>File.chmod(0755, "/tmp/foo")</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="last-modification-time"></a><a href="#last-modification-time-note">last modification time</a></td>
<td>let fs = require('fs');<br />
<br />
let stat = fs.statSync('/etc/hosts');<br />
let dt = stat.mtime;</td>
<td>from datetime import datetime as dt<br />
<br />
<span style="color: gray"># unix epoch:</span><br />
t = os.stat('/etc/passwd').st_mtime<br />
<br />
<span style="color: gray"># datetime object:</span><br />
t2 = dt.fromtimestamp(t)</td>
<td><span style="color: gray"># unix epoch:</span><br />
$t = stat('/etc/passwd')['mtime'];<br />
<br />
<span style="color: gray"># DateTime object:</span><br />
$t2 = new DateTime('UTC');<br />
$t2->setTimestamp($t);</td>
<td><span style="color: gray"># Time object:</span><br />
t2 = File.stat('/etc/passwd').mtime<br />
<br />
<span style="color: gray"># unix epoch:</span><br />
t = t2.to_i</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="file-cp-rm-mv"></a><a href="#file-cp-rm-mv-note">copy file, remove file, rename file</a></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> npm install fs-extra</span><br />
let fs = require('fs-extra');<br />
<br />
fs.copySync('/tmp/foo', '/tmp/bar');<br />
fs.unlinkSync('/tmp/foo');<br />
fs.renameSync('/tmp/bar', '/tmp/foo');</td>
<td>import shutil<br />
<br />
shutil.copy('/tmp/foo', '/tmp/bar')<br />
os.remove('/tmp/foo')<br />
shutil.move('/tmp/bar', '/tmp/foo')</td>
<td>copy("/tmp/foo", "/tmp/bar");<br />
unlink("/tmp/foo");<br />
rename("/tmp/bar", "/tmp/foo");</td>
<td>require 'fileutils'<br />
<br />
FileUtils.cp("/tmp/foo", "/tmp/bar")<br />
FileUtils.rm("/tmp/foo")<br />
FileUtils.mv("/tmp/bar", "/tmp/foo")</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="symlink"></a><a href="#symlink-note">create symlink, symlink test, readlink</a></td>
<td>let fs = require('fs');<br />
<br />
fs.symlinkSync('/etc/hosts', '/tmp/hosts');<br />
let lstat = fs.lstatSync('/tmp/hosts');<br />
let isLink = lstat.isSymbolicLink();<br />
let path = fs.readlinkSync('/tmp/hosts');</td>
<td>os.symlink('/etc/hosts', '/tmp/hosts')<br />
os.path.islink('/tmp/hosts')<br />
os.path.realpath('/tmp/hosts')</td>
<td>symlink("/etc/hosts", "/tmp/hosts");<br />
is_link("/etc/hosts")<br />
readlink("/tmp/hosts")</td>
<td>File.symlink("/etc/hosts", "/tmp/hosts")<br />
File.symlink?("/etc/hosts")<br />
File.realpath("/tmp/hosts")</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="unused-file-name"></a><a href="#unused-file-name-note">generate unused file name</a></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> npm install tempfile</span><br />
let tempfile = require('tempfile');<br />
let path = tempfile();</td>
<td>import tempfile<br />
<br />
f, path = tempfile.mkstemp(<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>prefix='foo',<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>dir='/tmp')</td>
<td>$path = tempnam("/tmp", "foo");<br />
$f = fopen($path, "w");</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="5"><a name="file-fmt"></a><a href="#file-fmt-note">file formats</a></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>node.js</th>
<th>python</th>
<th>php</th>
<th>ruby</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="parse-csv"></a><a href="#parse-csv-note">parse csv</a></td>
<td>let fs = require('fs');<br />
<span style="color: gray"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> npm install csv</span><br />
let csv = require('csv');<br />
<br />
let path = 'no-header.csv';<br />
let f = fs.createReadStream(path);<br />
f.pipe(csv.parse()).pipe(<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>csv.transform(function (record) {<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>console.log(record.join('\t'));<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>})<br />
);</td>
<td>import csv<br />
<br />
with open('foo.csv') as f:<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>cr = csv.reader(f)<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>for row in cr:<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>print('\t'.join(row))</td>
<td>$f = fopen("no-header.csv", "r");<br />
while (($row = fgetcsv($f)) != FALSE) {<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>echo implode("\t", $row) . "\n";<br />
}</td>
<td>require 'csv'<br />
<br />
CSV.foreach("foo.csv") do |row|<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>puts row.join("\t")<br />
end</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="generate-csv"></a><a href="#generate-csv-note">generate csv</a></td>
<td> </td>
<td>import csv<br />
<br />
with open('foo.csv', 'w') as f:<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>cw = csv.writer(f)<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>cw.writerow(['one', 'une', 'uno'])<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>cw.writerow(['two', 'deux', 'dos'])</td>
<td> </td>
<td>require 'csv'<br />
<br />
CSV.open("foo.csv", "w") do |csv|<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>csv <span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><<</span> ["one", "une", "uno"]<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>csv <span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><<</span> ["two", "deux", "dos"]<br />
end</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="parse-json"></a><a href="#parse-json-note">parse json</a></td>
<td>let s = '{"t":1,"f":0}';<br />
let data = JSON.parse(s);</td>
<td>import json<br />
<br />
d = json.loads('{"t":1,"f":0}')</td>
<td>$s1 = '{"t":1,"f":0}';<br />
$a1 = json_decode($s1, TRUE);</td>
<td>require 'json'<br />
<br />
d = JSON.parse('{"t":1,"f":0}')</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="generate-json"></a><a href="#generate-json-note">generate json</a></td>
<td>let data = {'t': 1, 'f': 0};<br />
let s = JSON.stringify(data);</td>
<td>import json<br />
<br />
s = json.dumps({'t': 1, 'f': 0})</td>
<td>$a2 = array("t" => 1, "f" => 0);<br />
$s2 = json_encode($a2);</td>
<td>require 'json'<br />
<br />
s = {'t' => 1,'f' => 0}.to_json</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="parse-yaml"></a><a href="#parse-yaml-note">parse yaml</a></td>
<td> </td>
<td><span style="color: gray"># sudo pip install PyYAML</span><br />
import yaml<br />
<br />
data = yaml.safe_load('{f: 0, t: 1}\n')</td>
<td> </td>
<td><span style="color: gray"># sudo gem install safe_yaml</span><br />
require 'safe_yaml'<br />
<br />
data = YAML.safe_load("<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">---</span>\nt: 1\nf: 0\n")</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="generate-yaml"></a><a href="#generate-yaml-note">generate yaml</a></td>
<td> </td>
<td><span style="color: gray"># sudo pip install PyYAML</span><br />
import yaml<br />
<br />
s = yaml.safe_dump({'t': 1, 'f': 0})</td>
<td> </td>
<td><span style="color: gray"># sudo gem install safe_yaml</span><br />
require 'safe_yaml'<br />
<br />
s = YAML.dump({'t' => 1, 'f' => 0})</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="parse-xml"></a><a href="#parse-xml-note">parse xml</a><br />
<span style="color: gray"><em>all nodes matching xpath query; first node matching xpath query</em></span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> npm install xmldom xpath</span><br />
let dom = require('xmldom').DOMParser;<br />
let xpath = require('xpath');<br />
<br />
let xml = '<a><b><c ref="3">foo</c></b></a>';<br />
let doc = new dom().parseFromString(xml);<br />
let nodes = xpath.select('/a/b/c', doc);<br />
nodes.length;<br />
nodes[0].firstChild.data;</td>
<td>from xml.etree import ElementTree<br />
<br />
xml = '<a><b><c ref="3">foo</c></b></a>'<br />
<br />
<span style="color: gray"># raises xml.etree.ElementTree.ParseError<br />
# if not well-formed:</span><br />
doc = ElementTree.fromstring(xml)<br />
<br />
nodes = doc.findall('b/c')<br />
print(len(nodes))<br />
print(nodes[0].text)<br />
<br />
node = doc.find('b/c')<br />
print(node.text)<br />
print(node.attrib['ref'])</td>
<td>$xml = "<a><b><c ref='3'>foo</c></b></a>";<br />
<br />
<span style="color: gray"># returns NULL and emits warning if not<br />
# well-formed:</span><br />
$doc = simplexml_load_string($xml);<br />
<br />
$nodes = $doc->xpath("/a/b/c");<br />
echo count($nodes);<br />
echo $nodes[0];<br />
<br />
$node = $nodes[0];<br />
echo $node;<br />
echo $node["ref"];</td>
<td>require 'rexml/document'<br />
include REXML<br />
<br />
xml = "<a><b><c ref='3'>foo</c></b></a>"<br />
<br />
<span style="color: gray"># raises REXML::ParseException if<br />
# not well-formed:</span><br />
doc = Document.new(xml)<br />
<br />
nodes = XPath.match(doc,"/a/b/c")<br />
puts nodes.size<br />
puts nodes[0].text<br />
<br />
node = XPath.first(doc,"/a/b/c")<br />
puts node.text<br />
puts node.attributes["ref"]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="generate-xml"></a><a href="#generate-xml-note">generate xml</a></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> npm install xmlbuilder</span><br />
let builder = require('xmlbuilder');<br />
<br />
let xml = builder.create('a').ele('b', {id: 123}, 'foo').end();</td>
<td>import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET<br />
<br />
builder = ET.TreeBuilder()<br />
builder.start('a', {})<br />
builder.start('b', {'id': '123'})<br />
builder.data('foo')<br />
builder.end('b')<br />
builder.end('a')<br />
et = builder.close()<br />
<br />
<span style="color: gray"># <a><b id="123">foo</b></a>:</span><br />
print(ET.tostring(et))</td>
<td>$xml = "<a></a>";<br />
$sxe = new SimpleXMLElement($xml);<br />
$b = $sxe->addChild("b", "foo");<br />
$b->addAttribute("id", "123");<br />
<br />
<span style="color: gray"># <a><b id="123">foo</b></a>:</span><br />
echo $sxe->asXML();</td>
<td><span style="color: gray"># gem install builder</span><br />
require 'builder'<br />
<br />
builder = Builder::XmlMarkup.new<br />
xml = builder.a do |child|<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>child.b("foo", :id=>"123")<br />
end<br />
<br />
<span style="color: gray"># <a><b id="123">foo</b></a>:</span><br />
puts xml</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="parse-html"></a><a href="#parse-html-note">parse html</a></td>
<td> </td>
<td><span style="color: gray"># pip install beautifulsoup4</span><br />
import bs4<br />
<br />
html = open('foo.html').read()<br />
doc = bs4.BeautifulSoup(html)<br />
<br />
for link in doc.find_all('a'):<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>print(link.get('href'))</td>
<td>$html = file_get_contents("foo.html");<br />
$doc = new DOMDocument;<br />
$doc->loadHTML($html);<br />
$xpath = new DOMXPath($doc);<br />
<br />
$nodes = $xpath->query("<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span>a/@href");<br />
foreach($nodes as $href) {<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>echo $href->nodeValue;<br />
}</td>
<td><span style="color: gray"># gem install nokogiri</span><br />
require 'nokogiri'<br />
<br />
html = File.open("foo.html").read<br />
doc = Nokogiri::HTML(html)<br />
doc = doc.xpath("<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span>a").each do |link|<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>puts link["href"]<br />
end</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="5"><a name="directories"></a><a href="#directories-note">directories</a></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>node.js</th>
<th>python</th>
<th>php</th>
<th>ruby</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="working-dir"></a><a href="#working-dir-note">working directory</a></td>
<td>let old_dir = process.cwd();<br />
<br />
process.chdir("/tmp");</td>
<td>old_dir = os.path.abspath('.')<br />
<br />
os.chdir('/tmp')</td>
<td>$old_dir = getcwd();<br />
<br />
chdir("/tmp");</td>
<td>old_dir = Dir.pwd<br />
<br />
Dir.chdir("/tmp")</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="build-pathname"></a><a href="#build-pathname-note">build pathname</a></td>
<td>let path = require('path');<br />
<br />
path.join('/etc', 'hosts');</td>
<td>os.path.join('/etc', 'hosts')</td>
<td>"/etc" . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . "hosts"</td>
<td>File.join("/etc", "hosts")</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="dirname-basename"></a><a href="#dirname-basename-note">dirname and basename</a></td>
<td>let path = require('path');<br />
<br />
path.dirname('/etc/hosts')<br />
path.basename('/etc/hosts')</td>
<td>os.path.dirname('/etc/hosts')<br />
os.path.basename('/etc/hosts')</td>
<td>dirname("/etc/hosts")<br />
basename("/etc/hosts")</td>
<td>File.dirname("/etc/hosts")<br />
File.basename("/etc/hosts")</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="absolute-pathname"></a><a href="#absolute-pathname-note">absolute pathname</a><br />
<span style="color: gray"><em>and tilde expansion</em></span></td>
<td> </td>
<td><span style="color: gray"># symbolic links are not resolved: </span><br />
os.path.abspath('foo')<br />
os.path.abspath('/foo')<br />
os.path.abspath('../foo')<br />
os.path.abspath('./foo')<br />
os.path.expanduser('~/foo')</td>
<td><span style="color: gray"># file must exist; symbolic links are<br />
# resolved: </span><br />
realpath("foo") <br />
realpath("/foo") <br />
realpath("../foo")<br />
realpath("./foo")<br />
<span style="color: gray"># no function for tilde expansion</span></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"># symbolic links are not resolved: </span><br />
File.expand_path("foo")<br />
File.expand_path("/foo")<br />
File.expand_path("../foo")<br />
File.expand_path("./foo")<br />
File.expand_path("~/foo")</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="dir-iterate"></a><a href="#dir-iterate-note">iterate over directory by file</a></td>
<td>let fs = require('fs');<br />
<br />
fs.readdirSync('/etc').forEach(<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>function(s) { console.log(s); }<br />
);</td>
<td>for filename in os.listdir('/etc'):<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>print(filename)</td>
<td>if ($dir = opendir("/etc")) {<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>while ($file = readdir($dir)) {<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>echo "$file\n";<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>}<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>closedir($dir);<br />
}</td>
<td>Dir.open("/etc").each do |file|<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>puts file<br />
end</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="glob"></a><a href="#glob-note">glob paths</a></td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">//</span> npm install glob</span><br />
let glob = require('glob');<br />
<br />
glob('/etc/*', function(err, paths) {<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>paths.forEach(function(path) {<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>console.log(path);<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>});<br />
});</td>
<td>import glob<br />
<br />
for path in glob.glob('/etc/*'):<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>print(path)</td>
<td>foreach (glob("/etc/*") as $file) {<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>echo "$file\n";<br />
}</td>
<td>Dir.glob("/etc/*").each do |path|<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>puts path<br />
end</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="mkdir"></a><a href="#mkdir-note">make directory</a></td>
<td>const fs = require('fs');<br />
<br />
if (!fs.existsSync('/tmp/foo')) {<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>fs.mkdirSync('/tmp/foo', 0755);<br />
}<br />
fs.mkdirSync('/tmp/foo/bar', 0755);</td>
<td>dirname = '/tmp/foo/bar'<br />
if not os.path.isdir(dirname):<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>os.makedirs(dirname)</td>
<td>mkdir("/tmp/foo/bar", 0755, TRUE);</td>
<td>require 'fileutils'<br />
<br />
FileUtils.mkdir_p("/tmp/foo/bar")</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="recursive-cp"></a><a href="#recursive-cp-note">recursive copy</a></td>
<td> </td>
<td>import shutil<br />
<br />
shutil.copytree('/tmp/foodir',<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>'/tmp/bardir')</td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>none</em></span></td>
<td>require 'fileutils'<br />
<br />
FileUtils.cp_r("/tmp/foodir",<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>"/tmp/bardir")</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="rmdir"></a><a href="#rmdir-note">remove empty directory</a></td>
<td>const fs = require('fs');<br />
<br />
fs.rmdirSync('/tmp/foodir');</td>
<td>os.rmdir('/tmp/foodir')</td>
<td>rmdir("/tmp/foodir");</td>
<td>File.rmdir("/tmp/foodir")</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="rm-rf"></a><a href="#rm-rf-note">remove directory and contents</a></td>
<td> </td>
<td>import shutil<br />
<br />
shutil.rmtree('/tmp/foodir')</td>
<td><span style="color: gray"><em>none</em></span></td>
<td>require 'fileutils'<br />
<br />
FileUtils.rm_rf("/tmp/foodir")</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="dir-test"></a><a href="#dir-test-note">directory test</a><br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></td>
<td> </td>
<td>os.path.isdir('/tmp')</td>
<td>is_dir("/tmp")</td>
<td>File.directory?("/tmp")</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="unused-dir"></a><a href="#unused-dir-note">generate unused directory</a></td>
<td>const fs = require('fs');<br />
<br />
const dir = fs.mkdtemp('/tmp/foo');</td>
<td>import tempfile<br />
<br />
path = tempfile.mkdtemp(dir='/tmp',<br />
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>prefix='foo')</td>
<td> </td>
<td>require 'tmpdir'<br />
<br />
path = Dir.mktmpdir("/tmp/foo")</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a name="system-tmp-dir"></a><a href="#system-tmp-dir-note">system temporary file directory</a></td>
<td> </td>
<td>import tempfile<br />
<br />
tempfile.gettempdir()</td>
<td>sys_get_temp_dir()</td>
<td>require 'tmpdir'<br />
<br />
Dir.tmpdir</td>