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Tomcat

Apache implementation of Java Servlet and JavaServer Pages, which is a subset of EE.

Homepage: http://tomcat.apache.org/

Documentation: http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/

This cheat is about Tomcat 7 by default.

Ubuntu install

Run:

sudo apt-get install tomcat7 tomcat7-admin tomcat7-docs tomcat7-examples

The $TOMCAT_HOME is /var/lib/tomcat7.

Then edit:

sudo vim /etc/default/tomcat7

and set:

export JAVA_HOME='/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle'

Then:

sudo service start tomcat7

and:

firefox localhost:8080
firefox localhost:8080/docs
firefox localhost:8080/examples

To compile, you must tell them where Tomcat's servlet-api.jar is located. On Ubuntu 14.04 use:

javac -cp '.:/usr/share/tomcat7/lib/servlet-api.jar' ServletHelloWorld.java

Admin app

Allows you to do thing like start and stop other apps.

By default, new available apps are turned off, so you really need to install this.

firefox localhost:8080/manager/html

But to do that you first need to create an user with enough privileges:

sudo vim /var/lib/tomcat7/conf/tomcat-users.xml

And add inside <tomcat-users>:

<role rolename="manager-gui"/>
<role rolename="manager"/>
<role rolename="admin"/>
<user username="admin" password="admin" roles="admin,manager,manager-gui"/>

Restart, and now you can login with username as password admin.

Development server

TODO is there a simpler way of running WAR applications for development than copying it around? http://serverfault.com/questions/658773/development-server-for-java-war-applications-from-current-directory-and-without

Deploy apps

On Ubuntu 14.04, the default index is located at:

/var/lib/tomcat7/webapps/ROOT/index.html

The most common way to deploy apps is by putting WAR file under:

/var/lib/tomcat7/webapps

But you can also put the unpacked WAR file there.

Disable certain applications from starting up by default

Hard:

Corrupting the apps by renaming key files like WEB-INF is the best plan I've found so far.

Logs

Ubuntu 14.04:

less /var/log/tomcat7/catalina.out

Environment variables

TODO: should they be set at: /etc/default/tomcat7 or /usr/share/tomcat7/setenv.sh?

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/24803037/tomcat-7-setenv-sh-vs-etc-default-tomcat7-to-update-java-opts

Probably etc is better, since the file already exists.

setenv.sh method:

cd /usr/share/tomcat7/bin
printf '#!/usr/bin/env bash
export JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle"
export CATALINA_OPTS="-Xmx1024M -XX:PermSize=1024M"
' | sudo tee setenv.sh
sudo chmod +x setenv.sh

CATALINA_OPTS

Get passed directly to the JVM that Tomcat will run on, so they same options as for the java executable.

JAVA_OPTS

TODO vs CATALINA_OPTS? http://stackoverflow.com/questions/11222365/catalina-opts-vs-java-opts-what-is-the-difference

Apparently, both are used in the Tomcat start script, but only CATALINA_OPTS gets passed to the stop script.

Also JAVA_OPTS may be used for multiple programs, while CATALINA_OPTS is Tomcat specific.

Configuration file

/etc/tomcat7/server.xml:

  • Host:

    • appBase="webapps"

    • unpackWARs="true"

    • autoDeploy="true": deploy every WAR under appBase by default.

    • deployIgnore="foo.*": don't deploy apps under appBase whose names start with foo. They will not show in the manager app either, so it's hard to start them.

TODO: how to disable auto-start of certain apps only? http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5067062/how-to-disable-specific-apps-from-starting-during-tomcat-startup