diff --git a/common/changes/@visactor/vchart/fix-background-recompile-and-wordcloud-tap_2026-09-13.json b/common/changes/@visactor/vchart/fix-background-recompile-and-wordcloud-tap_2026-09-13.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..306b1c45c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/changes/@visactor/vchart/fix-background-recompile-and-wordcloud-tap_2026-09-13.json
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+{
+  "changes": [
+    {
+      "packageName": "@visactor/vchart",
+      "comment": "fix: rebuild background when spec.background and spec.theme change in the same updateSpec",
+      "type": "patch"
+    },
+    {
+      "packageName": "@visactor/vchart",
+      "comment": "fix: avoid crash when recompiling a mark without a compile option",
+      "type": "patch"
+    },
+    {
+      "packageName": "@visactor/vchart",
+      "comment": "fix: remove the word cloud shape afterRender tap when the series is released",
+      "type": "patch"
+    }
+  ],
+  "packageName": "@visactor/vchart",
+  "email": "chendaxin.tk@bytedance.com"
+}
diff --git a/packages/vchart/__tests__/unit/core/update-spec.test.ts b/packages/vchart/__tests__/unit/core/update-spec.test.ts
index 03c9008043..533c954531 100644
--- a/packages/vchart/__tests__/unit/core/update-spec.test.ts
+++ b/packages/vchart/__tests__/unit/core/update-spec.test.ts
@@ -3990,3 +3990,103 @@ describe('vchart updateSpec of different indicator', () => {
     });
   });
 });
+
+describe('vchart updateSpec of background', () => {
+  let container: HTMLElement;
+  let dom: HTMLElement;
+  let vchart: VChart;
+
+  const gradientBackground = {
+    fill: {
+      gradient: 'linear',
+      x0: 0,
+      y0: 0,
+      x1: 1,
+      y1: 0,
+      stops: [
+        { offset: 0, color: '#ff9f43' },
+        { offset: 1, color: '#ee5253' }
+      ]
+    }
+  };
+
+  const baseSpec = {
+    type: 'bar',
+    data: [
+      {
+        id: 'bar',
+        values: [
+          { x: 'A', y: 10, type: 'a' },
+          { x: 'B', y: 20, type: 'a' }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    xField: 'x',
+    yField: 'y',
+    seriesField: 'type',
+    legends: [{ visible: true }],
+    animation: false
+  };
+
+  beforeAll(() => {
+    container = createDiv();
+    dom = createDiv(container);
+    dom.id = 'container';
+    container.style.position = 'fixed';
+    container.style.width = '500px';
+    container.style.height = '500px';
+    container.style.top = '0px';
+    container.style.left = '0px';
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vchart?.release();
+  });
+
+  afterAll(() => {
+    removeDom(container);
+  });
+
+  it('should remake background when background and theme change in the same updateSpec', () => {
+    const spec = {
+      ...baseSpec,
+      background: gradientBackground,
+      theme: { background: 'transparent' }
+    } as unknown as IBarChartSpec;
+
+    vchart = new VChart(spec, { dom, animation: false });
+    vchart.renderSync();
+
+    const updateRes = (vchart as any)._updateSpec(
+      {
+        ...spec,
+        background: '#4e83fd',
+        theme: { background: '#ffffff' }
+      },
+      false
+    );
+
+    expect(updateRes.changeTheme).toBe(true);
+    expect(updateRes.changeBackground).toBe(true);
+    expect(updateRes.reMake).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should not throw when recompiling a chart whose background is a mark spec', () => {
+    const spec = {
+      ...baseSpec,
+      background: gradientBackground,
+      theme: { background: 'transparent' }
+    } as unknown as IBarChartSpec;
+
+    vchart = new VChart(spec, { dom, animation: false });
+    vchart.renderSync();
+
+    // 只改图例：走 reCompile 而不是 reMake，chart 级的 background mark 会被二次 compile
+    const nextSpec = { ...spec, legends: [{ visible: false }] } as unknown as IBarChartSpec;
+    const updateRes = (vchart as any)._updateSpec(nextSpec, false);
+    expect(updateRes.reCompile).toBe(true);
+    expect(updateRes.reMake).toBe(false);
+
+    expect(() => (vchart as any)._updateCustomConfigAndRecompile(updateRes)).not.toThrow();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/vchart/__tests__/unit/series/word-cloud-shape-release.test.ts b/packages/vchart/__tests__/unit/series/word-cloud-shape-release.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0f0e9f9355
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/vchart/__tests__/unit/series/word-cloud-shape-release.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+import { VChart } from '../../../src/vchart-all';
+import { createDiv, removeDom } from '../../util/dom';
+
+type Tap = { name: string; fn: () => void };
+
+const SVG_MASK =
+  '<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100" height="100"><circle cx="50" cy="50" r="50"/></svg>';
+
+const spec = {
+  type: 'wordCloud',
+  nameField: 'name',
+  valueField: 'value',
+  maskShape: SVG_MASK,
+  data: [
+    {
+      id: 'wordCloud',
+      values: [
+        { name: 'foo', value: 30 },
+        { name: 'bar', value: 20 },
+        { name: 'baz', value: 10 }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  animation: false
+};
+
+describe('word cloud shape afterRender tap', () => {
+  let container: HTMLElement;
+  let dom: HTMLElement;
+  let vchart: VChart;
+
+  const getWordCloudTaps = () =>
+    ((vchart.getStage() as any).hooks.afterRender.taps as Tap[]).filter(tap => tap.name === 'afterWordcloudShapeDraw');
+
+  const createChart = () => {
+    vchart = new VChart(spec as any, { dom, animation: false });
+    vchart.renderSync();
+    return vchart.getChart().getAllSeries()[0] as any;
+  };
+
+  beforeAll(() => {
+    container = createDiv();
+    dom = createDiv(container);
+    dom.id = 'container';
+    container.style.position = 'fixed';
+    container.style.width = '500px';
+    container.style.height = '500px';
+    container.style.top = '0px';
+    container.style.left = '0px';
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vchart?.release();
+  });
+
+  afterAll(() => {
+    removeDom(container);
+  });
+
+  it('should be removed together with the series', () => {
+    const series = createChart();
+    series._wordCloudShapeTransformOption().onLayoutFinished();
+    expect(getWordCloudTaps().length).toBe(1);
+
+    const tap = getWordCloudTaps()[0];
+    series.release();
+
+    expect(getWordCloudTaps().length).toBe(0);
+    // series 已经 release，_option 为空，这个 tap 即使被别处留住也不能再抛错
+    expect(() => tap.fn()).not.toThrow();
+  });
+
+  it('should not be registered twice when the layout finishes more than once', () => {
+    const series = createChart();
+    const option = series._wordCloudShapeTransformOption();
+    option.onLayoutFinished();
+    option.onLayoutFinished();
+
+    expect(getWordCloudTaps().length).toBe(1);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/vchart/src/core/vchart.ts b/packages/vchart/src/core/vchart.ts
index 412bc50e6c..7450eb151d 100644
--- a/packages/vchart/src/core/vchart.ts
+++ b/packages/vchart/src/core/vchart.ts
@@ -1172,7 +1172,9 @@ export class VChart implements IVChart {
       // setCurrentTheme 会导致 chart 实例的 reInit。
       // 只要模块从 vchart 实例获取与 spec 相关的信息，都会出现错误，它们已经不匹配了
       // this._setCurrentTheme();
-    } else if (!isEqual(this._spec.background, lastSpec.background)) {
+    }
+    // background 与 theme 互相独立，同一次 updateSpec 里两者一起变时也要重建背景 mark
+    if (!isEqual(this._spec.background, lastSpec.background)) {
       result.reMake = true;
       result.changeBackground = true;
     }
diff --git a/packages/vchart/src/mark/base/base-mark.ts b/packages/vchart/src/mark/base/base-mark.ts
index 8df921673a..4bfe9c1d54 100644
--- a/packages/vchart/src/mark/base/base-mark.ts
+++ b/packages/vchart/src/mark/base/base-mark.ts
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ export class BaseMark<T extends ICommonSpec> extends GrammarItem implements IMar
       }
       return;
     } else if (isValid(product)) {
-      if (option.group && product.parent !== option.group) {
+      if (option?.group && product.parent !== option.group) {
         option.group.appendChild(product);
       }
     } else {
diff --git a/packages/vchart/src/series/word-cloud/base.ts b/packages/vchart/src/series/word-cloud/base.ts
index 297182a371..31a5591569 100644
--- a/packages/vchart/src/series/word-cloud/base.ts
+++ b/packages/vchart/src/series/word-cloud/base.ts
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ import { LinearScale } from '@visactor/vscale';
 import type { GeometricMaskShape, TextShapeMask } from '@visactor/vlayouts';
 import type { ITransformSpec } from '../../compile/interface';
 import { createImage, vglobal } from '../../vrender-bridge';
+import type { IStage } from '@visactor/vrender-core';
 import { getTextBounds } from '@visactor/vrender-core/text';
 import { wordCloud } from '../../theme/builtin/common/series/word-cloud';
 import { LayoutZIndex } from '../../constant/layout';
@@ -78,6 +79,8 @@ export class BaseWordCloudSeries<T extends IBaseWordCloudSeriesSpec = IBaseWordC
 
   protected _maskShape?: string | WordCloudShapeType | TextShapeMask | GeometricMaskShape;
   protected _isWordCloudShape: boolean = false;
+  /** 形状词云布局完成后挂到 stage 上的 afterRender tap，随 series 一起摘掉，避免 release 后再被触发 */
+  protected _afterWordcloudShapeDrawTap?: { stage: IStage; fn: () => void };
 
   protected _wordCloudConfig?: WordCloudConfigType;
   protected _wordCloudShapeConfig?: WordCloudShapeConfigType;
@@ -394,25 +397,29 @@ export class BaseWordCloudSeries<T extends IBaseWordCloudSeriesSpec = IBaseWordC
           : this._maskShape,
       onUpdateMaskCanvas: this.handleMaskCanvasUpdate,
       onLayoutFinished: () => {
+        // 布局是异步的，跑完时 series 可能已经被 release，此时 _option 已置空
+        const stage = this._option?.globalInstance?.getStage();
+        if (!stage) {
+          return;
+        }
+        this._removeAfterWordcloudShapeDrawTap();
+
         const afterWordcloudShapeDraw = () => {
           // 需要等到真正渲染完成
-          this._option.globalInstance.getStage().hooks.afterRender.taps = this._option.globalInstance
-            .getStage()
-            .hooks.afterRender.taps.filter(tap => tap.fn !== afterWordcloudShapeDraw);
+          this._removeAfterWordcloudShapeDrawTap();
 
+          const globalInstance = this._option?.globalInstance;
+          if (!globalInstance) {
+            return;
+          }
           this._option.dispatchEvent?.(ChartEvent.afterWordcloudShapeDraw, {
-            instance: this._option.globalInstance
+            instance: globalInstance
           });
-          this._option.globalInstance
-            .getChart()
-            .getOption()
-            .performanceHook?.afterWordcloudShapeDraw?.(this._option.globalInstance);
+          globalInstance.getChart().getOption().performanceHook?.afterWordcloudShapeDraw?.(globalInstance);
         };
-        this._option.globalInstance.getStage().hooks.afterRender.taps.push({
-          type: 'sync',
-          name: 'afterWordcloudShapeDraw',
-          fn: afterWordcloudShapeDraw
-        });
+
+        this._afterWordcloudShapeDrawTap = { stage, fn: afterWordcloudShapeDraw };
+        stage.hooks.afterRender.tap('afterWordcloudShapeDraw', afterWordcloudShapeDraw);
       },
       dataIndexKey: DEFAULT_DATA_KEY,
       text: wordSpec.formatMethod
@@ -552,7 +559,19 @@ export class BaseWordCloudSeries<T extends IBaseWordCloudSeriesSpec = IBaseWordC
     this._wordMeasureCache?.clear();
   }
 
+  protected _removeAfterWordcloudShapeDrawTap() {
+    const tap = this._afterWordcloudShapeDrawTap;
+    if (!tap) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this._afterWordcloudShapeDrawTap = undefined;
+
+    // 带上 fn：同一个 stage 上可能有多个词云系列，只按名字清会误删别人的回调
+    tap.stage?.hooks?.afterRender?.unTap('afterWordcloudShapeDraw', tap.fn);
+  }
+
   release() {
+    this._removeAfterWordcloudShapeDrawTap();
     super.release();
     this._wordMeasureCache?.clear();
     this._wordMeasureCache = undefined;