source_analysis_data.json

{
  "total_items": 22743,
  "sources_by_location": {
    "ids_source": {
      "BRICS Variable Name": 15028,
      "NINDS": 12662,
      "LOINC": 5193,
      "Assessment Center": 1667,
      "NHLBI ID": 1387,
      "NICHD Variable Name": 524,
      "ISTH": 512,
      "NINDS caDSR": 265,
      "RADx-UP Variable": 234,
      "caDSR": 125,
      "AHRQ": 94,
      "LASIK Quality of Life Collaboration Project": 65,
      "GRDR": 61,
      "LASIK Quality of Life Collaboration Project Pre Op": 59,
      "LASIK Quality of Life Collaboration Project Post Op": 59,
      "NINDS CDISC": 15,
      "NHLBI CONNECTS ID": 12,
      "NINDS Variable Name": 11,
      "NHLBI": 1,
      "FHIR": 1
    },
    "permissibleValues_codeSystemName": {
      "Unknown": 50663,
      "LOINC": 20824,
      "NCI Thesaurus": 504,
      "SNOMEDCT": 250,
      "UMLS": 192,
      "ICD9CM": 105,
      "ICD10PCS": 70,
      "NCI": 26,
      "CDCREC": 7,
      "AdministrativeGender": 3,
      "LNC": 2,
      "SNOMEDCT_US": 2,
      "MSH": 1
    },
    "permissibleValues_conceptSource": {
      "Unknown": 70981,
      "NCI Thesaurus": 1410,
      "UMLS": 235,
      "ADAPTED FROM:\ncaDSR Value Domain Public ID:  2644394\nVersion:  1.0\nLong Name:  Vital Signs Physical Examination Unit of Measure\nShort Name:  VSIGN_PHYSEXM_UOM\nContext Name:  CTEP\nDefinition:  the enumerated list of unit of measure types for physical examinations of vital signs.": 11,
      "NCIT": 7,
      "NCI Thesaurus : NCI Thesaurus : NCI Thesaurus : NCI Thesaurus : NCI Thesaurus": 2,
      "NCI Thesaurus : NCI Thesaurus : NCI Thesaurus : NCI Thesaurus": 2,
      "NCI Thesaurus : NCI Thesaurus : NCI Thesaurus : NCI Thesaurus : NCI Thesaurus : NCI Thesaurus": 1
    },
    "dataElementConcept_origin": {
      "NCI Thesaurus": 493,
      "NCI caDSR": 125,
      "UMLS": 53,
      "NCIt": 15,
      "SNOMED": 8,
      "LOINC": 3
    },
    "property_origin": {
      "LOINC - Part - Property": 677,
      "LOINC - Part - Time": 677,
      "LOINC - Part - Scale": 677,
      "LOINC - Part - Fragments for synonyms": 658,
      "LOINC - Part - System": 502,
      "NCI Thesaurus": 407,
      "LOINC - Part - Method": 296,
      "LOINC - Part - Super System": 175,
      "LOINC - Part - Suffix": 105,
      "LOINC - Part - Divisors": 64,
      "LP130577-2   UPPS-P\nThe UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale is a 45-item self-report questionnaire that was designed to measure impulsivity across dimensions of the Five Factor Model of personality. The UPPS includes 4 sub-scales: lack of premediation, urgency, lack of perseverance, and sensation-seeking.\n\nUPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS-P) is a revised version of the UPPS, including 59 items. It assesses an additional personality pathway to impulsive behavior, Positive Urgency, in addition to the four pathways assessed in the original version of the scale: Urgency (now Negative Urgency), (lack of) Premeditation, (lack of) Perseverance, and Sensation Seeking.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, UPPS and UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scales": 58,
      "LOINC - Part - Challenge": 55,
      "LOINC - Part - Multipart": 30,
      "NCI Metathesaurus": 5,
      "LOINC - Part - Quotients": 4,
      "LP7218-3   Eye\nThe \"Eye\" System in LOINC is a broad concept that includes all parts of the eye, including ocular fluid (aqueous and vitreous), cornea, and conjunctiva.\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": 4,
      "LP7565-7   Saliva\nSaliva is produced primarily by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. It is secreted at the rate of 0-3 milliliters per minute which is affected by various factors including anxiety, hydration and hunger. Oral fluid is broadly used to test for drugs of abuse in employment and forensic settings, and is especially useful since it is difficult to adulterate, is quick and is non-invasive. Oral fluid is used to test a variety of analytes, including to test alcohol, HIV and other antibodies, therapeutic drugs and steroids, but its primary use is to test for drugs of abuse including amphetamines, cocaine and metabolites, opioids, methadone, cannabis and heroin. [PMID: 17268583]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": 1,
      "SNOMED": 1,
      "LP203650-9   EYE.PX.NEI\nDeveloped in collaboration with the National Institute of Health's National Eye Institute (NEI) as part of an effort to standardize the data elements collected by the National Ophthalmic Disease Genotyping and Phenotyping Network (eyeGENE).\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": 1,
      "LOINC": 1
    },
    "objectClass_origin": {
      "LOINC - Part - Component": 775,
      "NCI Thesaurus": 143,
      "LP14564-6   Cotinine\nThe N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of nicotine. It serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco. It stimulates the CNS.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006": 7,
      "LP140652-1   Volume expired during 1.0 s of forced expiration\nThe forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) is the volume of air that can be exhaled in one second. It is usually measured as part of the forced vital capacity (FVC), which is the total amount of air that can be exhaled in a full forced exhalation. The pattern of FVC, FEV1, and the FEV1/FVC ratio can be used together to determine the type of respiratory disease. A normal or low FVC with an FEV1/FVC of <0.7 indicates obstructive pulmonary disease, while low FVC and FEV1/FVC of >0.7 indicates respiratory disease. Normal values for FEV1 and FVC vary based on several factors including age, sex, height, and weight. [PMID: 15023009]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": 7,
      "LP15023-2   C reactive protein\nC-reactive protein (CRP) is characterized by its precipitation by the C-fraction of pneumococci. This protein is an acute phase reactant and confers immunity against some bacterial infections. CRP is a sensitive and quantitative measurement of the body's acute-phase response. Elevated values are consistent with an acute inflammatory process such as a bacterial infection or rheumatic disease.\nSource: Regenstrief Institute": 4,
      "LP72220-4   Forced vital capacity\nForced vital capacity (FVC) is the volume of air that can forcibly be blown out after full inspiration, measured in liters. FVC is the most basic maneuver in spirometry tests.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Wikipedia": 4,
      "LP15568-6   Ferritin\nFerritin is the major iron storage protein in mammals, and is located primarily in the liver, spleen and bone marrow. Serum ferritin concentrations correlate well with total body iron stores in normal subjects and in patients with iron deficiency or transfusional iron overloads. The measurement of serum ferritin is now considered to be an accurate, quantitative, and convenient method of assessing total body iron stores. Low serum ferritin is diagnostic for iron deficiency anemia, and elevated serum ferritin occurs in the thalassemia but can also occur in other acute and chronic conditions such as hepatic disease, respiratory infections and certain types of malignancy.\nSource: Regenstrief Institute": 3,
      "LP19507-0   Gestational age\nThe age of the conceptus, beginning from the time of fertilization. In clinical obstetrics, the gestational age is often estimated as the time from the last day of the last menstruation which is about 2 weeks before ovulation and fertilization.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006": 3,
      "LP72877-1   Highest level of education\nThe highest level of education attained.\nSource: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention": 3,
      "LP16219-5   Nicotine\nNicotine, a toxic alkaloid, is the prototypical agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors where it dramatically stimulates neurons and ultimately blocks synaptic transmission. Nicotine is also important medically because of its presence in tobacco smoke.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006": 3,
      "LP101395-4   Sex\nIn LOINC, sex refers to the biological sex of an organism, which is most commonly determined based on anatomy and physiology or genetic (chromosome) analysis. Our definition is based on the World Health Organization's definition of sex and gender: sex (male, female) refers to biological and physiological characteristics, and gender (masculine, feminine) refers to socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes. (http://www.who.int/gender/whatisgender/en)\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC, WHO: gender": 3,
      "LP35925-4   Body mass index\nAn indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of BODY WEIGHT to BODY HEIGHT. BMI=weight (kg)/height squared (m2). BMI correlates with body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE). Their relationship varies with age and gender. For adults, BMI falls into these categories: below 18.5 (underweight); 18.5-24.9 (normal); 25.0-29.9 (overweight); 30.0 and above (obese). (National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006": 2,
      "LP14328-6   Basophils\nBasophils are granular white blood cells characterized by a pale-staining nucleus with 2 to 3 lobes and a cytoplasm containing coarse, dark-staining granules of variable size. They represent 0.5-1% of circulating leukocytes and they are stained by basic dyes. When activated, they release histamine, leukotrienes and a number of cytokines.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006": 2,
      "LP15448-1   Bilirubin\nBilirubin is an orange-yellow pigment produced by the normal breakdown of heme, a component of the hemoglobin found in red blood cells. It is processed by the liver and excreted in bile. Conditions that cause red blood cell breakdown or interfere with liver or bile processing can cause elevated levels of bilirubin. Bilirubin exists in many forms. Non-glucuronidated bilirubin (also called unconjugated or indirect) is the breakdown product of heme and is not water-soluble. Hemolytic anemias, which cause increased red blood cell breakdown, are one cause of elevated non-glucuronidated bilirubin. Glucuronidated bilirubin (also called conjugated) is a water-soluble form of bilirubin that is made in the liver by the addition of sugar molecules to non-glucuronidated bilirubin. Conditions that affect liver function (such as hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver tumors) or physically block the bile ducts (such as gallstones) can cause elevated levels of glucuronidated bilirubin. A third form of bilirubin is that which is bound to albumin, and it is also known as delta bilirubin because it was originally identified based on the unexpected difference between the total bilirubin level and the level of glucuronidated plus non-glucuronidated bilirubin in some patient samples. Prior to the discovery of albumin-bound bilirubin, the term \"direct\" bilirubin was used as a synonym for glucuronidated bilirubin, but direct bilirubin is actually glucuronidated plus delta bilirubin (bilirubin covalently bound to albumin).\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": 2,
      "LP17863-9   Chlorpyrifos\nChlorpyrifos is an amber to white crystalline broad spectrum organophosphate and cholinesterase inhibitor. It was originally developed to kill the larval stage of mosquitoes, but is now used to treat cutworms, corn rootworms, cockroaches, grubs, flea beetles, flies, termites, fire ants, and lice found on crops such as cotton, fruit, nuts, vegetables, as well as lawns and ornamental plants. Chlorpyrifos can also be applied directly on sheep, turkeys, in dog kennels, domestic dwellings, farm buildings, and storage bins. It is moderately poisonous to humans causing skin and eye irritation. If chlorpyrifos is absorbed through the skin, inhaled, or ingested, systemic intoxication from the inhibition of cholinesterase activity has been known to occur. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has determined that chlorpyrifos does not affect human reproduction, is not teratogenic, is not mutagenic, and is not carcinogenic. Chlorpyrifos is toxic to birds, freshwater fish, aquatic invertebrates, and estuarine and marine organisms. Chlorpyrifos can be extremely toxic to wildlife and honeybees.[http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/extoxnet/carbaryl-dicrotophos/chlorpyrifos-ext.html]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": 2,
      "LP15060-4   Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene\nDichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) is the primary metabolite of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). After World War II, DDT was heavily used as an insecticide in agricultural and household settings. It was a main component of garden sprays, vegetable dusts and applied to carpets to eradicate fleas. DDT was banned in the United States in 1972, but can still be used in emergency health situations to combat mosquitoes infected with malaria and yellow fever, and by prescription to treat body lice. DDT and DDE are slow to decompose and remain in the environment for a very long time. DDT and DDE are rarely detected in groundwater since they are nearly insoluble in water, but adhere tightly to soil particles where they can remain for many years. DDE is at least as toxic as DDT. Exposure to DDE is mostly by ingesting contaminated food bought in countries where the use of DDT is still prevalent. Foods commonly found to be polluted with DDT and DDE include root crops, leafy vegetables, fatty meats, fish, and poultry. Other sources of DDT and DDE in the environment can be found in contaminated air, dust, and water near waste sites and landfills with high levels of DDT and DDE.[http://www.unce.unr.edu/publications/files/nr/2003/sp0316.pdf]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": 2,
      "LP15061-2   Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane\nDichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is an organochlorine insecticide used to manage mosquito-born malaria. DDT was heavily used during World War II to protect the troops from insect typhus and malaria vectors. Post 1945, DDT was broadly applied to crops as an insecticide. Sweden banned the use of DDT in 1970 and the United States followed suit in 1972. Technical grade DDT is comprised of three isomers which are: p,p-DDT isomer, which is the most abundant and o,p'-DDT and o,o'-DDT that are present in much lower quantities. DDT is easily absorbed in the intestinal tract, but not as easily absorbed through the skin unless it is in solution. Symptoms of low to moderate exposure to DDT by humans include nausea, diarrhea, increased liver enzymes, irritation of the eyes, nose or throat, disturbed gait, malaise, and excitability. Tremors and convulsions can occur in humans at increased levels of exposure. Experimental animals exposed to DDT have experienced damage to the nervous system, liver, kidney and immune system. In contrast, humans have shown no evidence of liver, kidney or immune system damage due to DDT exposure. DDT is highly toxic to aquatic wildlife, especially invertebrates and fish. The thinning of egg shells of birds exposed to DDT is thought to be due to DDE, the primary metabolite of DDT. DDT is very slow to decompose in the soil and its estimated half-life is 2-15 years. In water, the half-life of DDT in lakes is 56 days and in rivers is 28 days.[http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/extoxnet/carbaryl-dicrotophos/ddt-ext.html]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": 2,
      "LP15062-0   Dieldrin\nDieldrin is a light tan, flakey compound and an organochlorine insecticide. It is toxic to ants, cutworms, armyworms, loopers, chiggars, chinch bugs, flea hoppers, crickets, diabrotica, drosophila, earwigs, wire worms, grasshoppers, flies, Japanese beetles, leaf miners, lygus, mosquitoes, wasps, roaches, slugs, snails, sowbugs, webworms, spittlebugs, termites, thrips, ticks and many more. Dieldrin is dangerously toxic to birds, fish, beneficial insects, and honey bees. It likely bioaccumulates in the food chain. Dieldrin is extremely toxic if inhaled, ingested, or absorbed by the skin and can lead to irritability, convulsions, coma, nausea, vomiting, headache, fainting, tremors, and eye irritation. Dieldrin produces toxic fumes when heated and is a suspected carcinogen. It is no longer manufactured in the United States.[PubChem:969491]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": 2,
      "LP14539-8   Eosinophils\nGranular leukocytes with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by a slender thread of chromatin. The cytoplasm contains coarse, round and uniform granules stainable by eosin.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006": 2,
      "LP15275-8   Triglyceride\nA triglyceride (TG, triacylglycerol, TAG, or triacylglyceride) is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids. There are many triglycerides, depending on the oil source, some are highly unsaturated, some less so. Triglycerides are the main constituents of vegetable oil (typically more unsaturated) and animal fats (typically more saturated). In humans, triglycerides are a mechanism for storing unused calories, and their high concentrations in blood correlates with the consumption of starchy and fatty foods. High levels of triglycerides in the bloodstream have been linked to atherosclerosis and, by extension, the risk of heart disease and stroke. Diets high in carbohydrates, with carbohydrates accounting for more than 60% of the total energy intake, can increase triglyceride levels.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Triglyceride (Wikipedia)": 2,
      "LP15567-8   Fatty acids.nonesterified\nFatty acids found in the plasma that are complexed with serum albumin for transport. These fatty acids are not in glycerol ester form.\nSource: Regenstrief Institute": 2,
      "LP70910-2   Perimeter\nPerimeter is the measurement of any boundary. Measurements of the area and perimeter of fetal cross-sections have been found to establish both an accurate estimation of birthweight and an early diagnosis and differentiation of the various types of abnormal fetal growth patterns. For example, abdominal perimeter measurements are an effective predictor of discordant twins where the weight difference between the two exceeds 15%.\n[PMID: 103914] [PMID: 3309749]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": 2,
      "SNOMED": 2,
      "LP15033-1   Lactate dehydrogenase\nLactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzyme (EC 1.1.1.27) present in a wide variety of organisms, including plants and animals. It catalyses the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate with concomitant interconversion of NADH and NAD+. As it can also catalyze the oxidation of hydroxybutyrate, it is occasionally called hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBD).\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, D-lactate (Wikipedia)": 2,
      "LP15033-1   Lactate dehydrogenase\nLactate dehydrogenase (LDH, or also called LD) is an oxidoreductase (LD: EC 1.1.1.27) and is the most important clinically of several dehydrogenases occurring in human serum. LDH catalyses the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate with concomitant interconversion of NADH and NAD. When disease, injury, or toxic material damages tissues, cells release LDH into the bloodstream. Since LDH is a fairly stable enzyme, it has been widely used to evaluate the presence of damage and toxicity of tissue and cells. LDH is cytoplasmic in its cellular location and in any one tissue is composed of one or two of five possible isoenzymes. While many of its clinical applications involve quantification of one or more specific serum isoenzymes, an estimate of total LDH is usually required. Lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible reaction: L-lactate + NAD <--> pyruvate + NADH. Testing methods either measure the increase in NADH produced in the lactate-to-pyruvate reaction or the decrease in NADH produced in the pyruvate-to-lactate reaction. [PMID: 3882046] . Reference ranges are highly method dependent. The pyruvate-to-lactate reaction is preferred theoretically because the equilibrium constant is large and the rate for any amount of enzyme is 2-3 times faster, thus smaller sample and shorter observation periods are needed. Disadvantages of the pyruvate-to-lactate reaction are loss of linearity as compared with the lactate-to-pyruvate reaction, and greater substrate inhibition of the enzyme. [Tietz Fourth Edition]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": 2,
      "LP14540-6   Lymphocytes\nWhite blood cells formed in lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin whereas the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T cells (transit through the thymus), B cells or natural killer cells (NK).\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006": 2,
      "LP14540-6   Lymphocytes\nA lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell in the vertebrate immune system.\n\nA lymphocyte count is usually part of a peripheral complete blood cell count and is expressed as percentage of lymphocytes to total white blood cells counted. A general increase in the number of lymphocytes is known as lymphocytosis whereas a decrease is lymphocytopenia.\n\nAn increase in lymphocyte concentration is usually a sign of a viral infection (in some rare case, leukemias are found through an abnormally raised lymphocyte count in an otherwise normal person).\n\nA low normal to low absolute lymphocyte concentration is associated with increased rates of infection after surgery or trauma.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Lymphocytes (Wikipedia)": 2,
      "LP14313-8   Monocytes\nA monocyte is a mononuclear leukocyte, intimately involved in the initiaton of an immune response. It also protects against blood-borne pathogens and migrates quickly to sites of infection in the tissues. Monocytes are usually identified in stained smears by their large bilobed nucleus. They are produced by the bone marrow from hematopoietic stem cell precursors called monoblasts. The monoblast is the first stage of monocyte maturation. The developmental stages (4 subtypes) of the monocytes are: monoblast, promonocyte, immature monocyte, and mature monocyte.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Monocytes": 2,
      "LP14313-8   Monocytes\nLarge, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes, produced in the vertebrate bone marrow and released into the blood. Monocytes contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by a large cytoplasm and numerous organelles.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006": 2,
      "LP14267-6   Neutrophils\nNeutrophils are the most common form of white blood cells in healthy adults. Neutrophils are approximately 13 micrometers in diameter and have segmented nuclei with 3-5 lobes that are connected by thin strands of chromatin. (Practical Haematology; Barbara J. Bain, Imelda Bates, Mike A. Laffan,S. Mitchell Lewis; Eleventh edition; 2012) Neutrophils function to fight infection by both engulfing microorganisms and secreting lethal enzymes.\n(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0022058/) They are produced in the bone marrow and their primary function is to fight infection. Neutrophil numbers increase in the blood in response to acute bacterial infection, inflammation, necrosis or chronic myelogenous leukemia. Neutrophil levels are decreased in the following conditions: aplastic anemia, autoimmune disorder, cancer, chemotherapy, myelodysplastic syndrome and during a negative reaction to drugs. [PMID: 24050624] [MedlinePlus Encyclopedia:19864]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": 2,
      "LP15770-8   Pancreatic polypeptide\nA 36-amino acid polypeptide secreted by the PANCREAS that has physiological regulatory functions. Plasma pancreatic polypeptide increases after ingestion of food, with age, and in disease states. A lack of pancreatic polypeptide in the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS has been associated with the OBESITY in rats and mice.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006": 2,
      "LP16832-5   Polychlorinated biphenyl\nPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of organic compounds with 1 to 10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl and a general chemical formula of C12 H10-x Clx. Most of the 209 congeners of PCB are colorless, odorless crystals. The commercial mixtures are clear viscous liquids (the more highly chlorinated mixtures are more viscous, for example, Aroclor 1260 is a sticky resin). Although the physical and chemical properties vary widely across the class, PCBs have low water solubilities and low vapor pressures. They are soluble in most organic solvents, oils, and fats. PCBs are very stable compounds and do not degrade readily. However, under specific conditions they may be destroyed by chemical, thermal, and biochemical processes. These processes may occur intentionally (e.g., incineration), unintentionally, or metabolically. Because of their high thermodynamic stability, all degradation mechanisms are difficult.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Polychlorinated biphenyl": 2,
      "LP16832-5   Polychlorinated biphenyl\nCoolants and insulators were usually Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) until they were restricted for environmental reasons. They are concentrated by the predator food chain and lipophilic. Found esp. in fish.\nSource: Regenstrief Institute": 2,
      "LP16832-5   Polychlorinated biphenyl\nThe only North American producer, Monsanto Company, marketed chemical mixtures of PCBs under the trade name Aroclor from 1930 to 1977. The PCBs mixtures were made up of a variety of individual chlorinated biphenyl components, known as congeners (e.g. 2,2',5-Trichlorobiphenyl). The chemical mixtures were sold under trade names followed by a 4 digit number. The first two digits generally refer to the number of carbon atoms in the biphenyl skeleton (for PCBs this is 12), the second two numbers indicate the percentage of chlorine by mass in the mixture. Thus, Aroclor 1260 has 12 carbon atoms and contains 60% chlorine by mass. An exception is Aroclor 1016, which also has 12 carbon atoms, but has 42% chlorine by mass. Different Aroclors were used at different times and for different applications. In electrical equipment manufacturing in the USA, Aroclor 1260 and Aroclor 1254 were the main mixtures used before 1950, Aroclor 1242 was the main mixture used in the 1950s and 1960s until it was phased out in 1971 and replaced by Aroclor 1016.\nSource: Regenstrief Help": 2,
      "LP29151-5   Neutrophils.segmented\nNeutrophil granulocytes, generally referred to as neutrophils, are the most abundant type of white blood cells in mammals. They belong to the polymorphonuclear cell family (PMNs) together with basophils and eosinophils.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Segemented neutrophils": 2,
      "LP173533-3   2,2',3,4,4',5-Hexachlorobiphenyl\nPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of organic compounds with 1 to 10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl and a general chemical formula of C12 H10-x Clx. Most of the 209 congeners of PCB are colorless, odorless crystals. The commercial mixtures are clear viscous liquids (the more highly chlorinated mixtures are more viscous, for example, Aroclor 1260 is a sticky resin). Although the physical and chemical properties vary widely across the class, PCBs have low water solubilities and low vapor pressures. They are soluble in most organic solvents, oils, and fats. PCBs are very stable compounds and do not degrade readily. However, under specific conditions they may be destroyed by chemical, thermal, and biochemical processes. These processes may occur intentionally (e.g., incineration), unintentionally, or metabolically. Because of their high thermodynamic stability, all degradation mechanisms are difficult.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Polychlorinated biphenyl": 1,
      "LP174444-2   2,2',3,5'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl\nPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of organic compounds with 1 to 10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl and a general chemical formula of C12 H10-x Clx. Most of the 209 congeners of PCB are colorless, odorless crystals. The commercial mixtures are clear viscous liquids (the more highly chlorinated mixtures are more viscous, for example, Aroclor 1260 is a sticky resin). Although the physical and chemical properties vary widely across the class, PCBs have low water solubilities and low vapor pressures. They are soluble in most organic solvents, oils, and fats. PCBs are very stable compounds and do not degrade readily. However, under specific conditions they may be destroyed by chemical, thermal, and biochemical processes. These processes may occur intentionally (e.g., incineration), unintentionally, or metabolically. Because of their high thermodynamic stability, all degradation mechanisms are difficult.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Polychlorinated biphenyl": 1,
      "LP174445-9   2,2',4,4',5,5'-Hexachlorobiphenyl\nPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of organic compounds with 1 to 10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl and a general chemical formula of C12 H10-x Clx. Most of the 209 congeners of PCB are colorless, odorless crystals. The commercial mixtures are clear viscous liquids (the more highly chlorinated mixtures are more viscous, for example, Aroclor 1260 is a sticky resin). Although the physical and chemical properties vary widely across the class, PCBs have low water solubilities and low vapor pressures. They are soluble in most organic solvents, oils, and fats. PCBs are very stable compounds and do not degrade readily. However, under specific conditions they may be destroyed by chemical, thermal, and biochemical processes. These processes may occur intentionally (e.g., incineration), unintentionally, or metabolically. Because of their high thermodynamic stability, all degradation mechanisms are difficult.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Polychlorinated biphenyl": 1,
      "LP173536-6   2,2',4,5,5'-Pentachlorobiphenyl\nPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of organic compounds with 1 to 10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl and a general chemical formula of C12 H10-x Clx. Most of the 209 congeners of PCB are colorless, odorless crystals. The commercial mixtures are clear viscous liquids (the more highly chlorinated mixtures are more viscous, for example, Aroclor 1260 is a sticky resin). Although the physical and chemical properties vary widely across the class, PCBs have low water solubilities and low vapor pressures. They are soluble in most organic solvents, oils, and fats. PCBs are very stable compounds and do not degrade readily. However, under specific conditions they may be destroyed by chemical, thermal, and biochemical processes. These processes may occur intentionally (e.g., incineration), unintentionally, or metabolically. Because of their high thermodynamic stability, all degradation mechanisms are difficult.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Polychlorinated biphenyl": 1,
      "LP173539-0   2,2',5,5'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl\nPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of organic compounds with 1 to 10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl and a general chemical formula of C12 H10-x Clx. Most of the 209 congeners of PCB are colorless, odorless crystals. The commercial mixtures are clear viscous liquids (the more highly chlorinated mixtures are more viscous, for example, Aroclor 1260 is a sticky resin). Although the physical and chemical properties vary widely across the class, PCBs have low water solubilities and low vapor pressures. They are soluble in most organic solvents, oils, and fats. PCBs are very stable compounds and do not degrade readily. However, under specific conditions they may be destroyed by chemical, thermal, and biochemical processes. These processes may occur intentionally (e.g., incineration), unintentionally, or metabolically. Because of their high thermodynamic stability, all degradation mechanisms are difficult.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Polychlorinated biphenyl": 1,
      "LP173534-1   2,2',5-Trichlorobiphenyl\nPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of organic compounds with 1 to 10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl and a general chemical formula of C12 H10-x Clx. Most of the 209 congeners of PCB are colorless, odorless crystals. The commercial mixtures are clear viscous liquids (the more highly chlorinated mixtures are more viscous, for example, Aroclor 1260 is a sticky resin). Although the physical and chemical properties vary widely across the class, PCBs have low water solubilities and low vapor pressures. They are soluble in most organic solvents, oils, and fats. PCBs are very stable compounds and do not degrade readily. However, under specific conditions they may be destroyed by chemical, thermal, and biochemical processes. These processes may occur intentionally (e.g., incineration), unintentionally, or metabolically. Because of their high thermodynamic stability, all degradation mechanisms are difficult.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Polychlorinated biphenyl": 1,
      "LP173538-2   2,3',4',5-Tetrachlorobiphenyl\nPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of organic compounds with 1 to 10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl and a general chemical formula of C12 H10-x Clx. Most of the 209 congeners of PCB are colorless, odorless crystals. The commercial mixtures are clear viscous liquids (the more highly chlorinated mixtures are more viscous, for example, Aroclor 1260 is a sticky resin). Although the physical and chemical properties vary widely across the class, PCBs have low water solubilities and low vapor pressures. They are soluble in most organic solvents, oils, and fats. PCBs are very stable compounds and do not degrade readily. However, under specific conditions they may be destroyed by chemical, thermal, and biochemical processes. These processes may occur intentionally (e.g., incineration), unintentionally, or metabolically. Because of their high thermodynamic stability, all degradation mechanisms are difficult.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Polychlorinated biphenyl": 1,
      "LP173537-4   2,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl\nPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of organic compounds with 1 to 10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl and a general chemical formula of C12 H10-x Clx. Most of the 209 congeners of PCB are colorless, odorless crystals. The commercial mixtures are clear viscous liquids (the more highly chlorinated mixtures are more viscous, for example, Aroclor 1260 is a sticky resin). Although the physical and chemical properties vary widely across the class, PCBs have low water solubilities and low vapor pressures. They are soluble in most organic solvents, oils, and fats. PCBs are very stable compounds and do not degrade readily. However, under specific conditions they may be destroyed by chemical, thermal, and biochemical processes. These processes may occur intentionally (e.g., incineration), unintentionally, or metabolically. Because of their high thermodynamic stability, all degradation mechanisms are difficult.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Polychlorinated biphenyl": 1,
      "LP173535-8   2,4,4'-Trichlorobiphenyl\nPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of organic compounds with 1 to 10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl and a general chemical formula of C12 H10-x Clx. Most of the 209 congeners of PCB are colorless, odorless crystals. The commercial mixtures are clear viscous liquids (the more highly chlorinated mixtures are more viscous, for example, Aroclor 1260 is a sticky resin). Although the physical and chemical properties vary widely across the class, PCBs have low water solubilities and low vapor pressures. They are soluble in most organic solvents, oils, and fats. PCBs are very stable compounds and do not degrade readily. However, under specific conditions they may be destroyed by chemical, thermal, and biochemical processes. These processes may occur intentionally (e.g., incineration), unintentionally, or metabolically. Because of their high thermodynamic stability, all degradation mechanisms are difficult.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Polychlorinated biphenyl": 1,
      "LP61813-9   Adiponectin\nA 30-kDa COMPLEMENT C1Q-related protein, the most abundant gene product secreted by FAT CELLS of the white ADIPOSE TISSUE. Adiponectin modulates several physiological processes, such as metabolism of GLUCOSE and FATTY ACIDS, and immune responses. Decreased plasma adiponectin levels are associated with INSULIN RESISTANCE; TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS; OBESITY; and ATHEROSCLEROSIS.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006": 1,
      "LP18884-4   Aldrin\nAldrin is a chlorinated cyclodiene insecticide that was used to control insects living in the soil including termites, corn rootworm, wireworms, rice water weevils, and grasshoppers. Aldrin was one of the most widely used insecticides in the United States and was used to protect corn, potatoes and wooden structures. Production of aldrin was halted in 1974 and importation into the United States ended in 1987. It is banned in many countries and restricted in many others. Symptoms of toxicity in humans include: headache, dizziness, nausea, malaise, vomiting, muscle twitching, myoclonic jerks and convulsions.[http://www.popstoolkit.com/about/chemical/aldrin.aspx][https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-09/documents/support_cc1_aldrin-dieldrin_healtheffects.pdf]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": 1,
      "LP15426-7   Aspartate aminotransferase\nAspartate aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme that is released by injured muscle cells and liver cell and is predominately found in the liver and heart. AST levels in the blood are most often used to monitor liver damage. AST is typically tested in conjunction with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) when a liver panel is ordered. High levels of AST in the bloodstream could indicate hepatitis, drug damage to the liver, cirrhosis, alcoholism, or other liver disorders. [Lab Tests Online:ast/tab/test]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": 1,
      "LP15014-1   Benzodiazepines\nThe benzodiazepines are a class of drugs with sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, amnestic and muscle relaxant properties. They are often used for short-term relief of severe, disabling anxiety or insomnia. Long-term use may lead to tolerance and dependency. They are believed to act on the GABA receptor GABAA, the activation of which dampens higher neuronal activity. They began to be widely prescribed for stress-related ailments in the 1960s and 1970s. Their chemical structure is based upon diazepine and phenyl groups. Common benzodiazepines include diazepam, oxazepam, chlorodiazepam, alprozolam, and temazepam.\nSource: Regenstrief Institute, Benzodiazepines (Wikipedia)": 1,
      "LP15014-1   Benzodiazepines\nA group of two-ring heterocyclic compounds consisting of a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring. Permitted is any degree of hydrogenation, any substituents and any H-isomer.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006": 1,
      "LP15483-8   Chloride\nThe chloride ion is formed when the element chlorine picks up one electron to form an anion negatively-charged ion Cl−. The salts of hydrochloric acid contain chloride ions and can also be called chlorides.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Chloride": 1,
      "LP15483-8   Chloride\nChloride is an essential mineral required by humans that is found mainly in body fluids. It is an important, negatively charged ion in the blood, and a major electrolyte that helps to conduct electrical impulses. Electrolytes including chloride are located in the blood, lymph, and intra- and extra-cellular fluid. Chloride helps to regulate osmolarity by offsetting the positively charged sodium and potassium ions in the serum. It combines with hydrogen to form hydrochloric acid in the digestive tract which breaks down proteins, absorbs metallic minerals, and activates intrinsic factor. Chloride is absorbed both actively and passively in order to help maintain extracellular fluid volume. There is a continuous exchange of chloride and bicarbonate that occurs between the red blood cells and the plasma that controls the pH and excretion of carbon dioxide, a waste product of respiration.[https://traceminerals.com/chloride-the-forgotten-essential-mineral/]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": 1,
      "LP15486-1   Cholecystokinin\nA peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006": 1,
      "LP31553-8   Cystatin C\nCystatin C is a miniscule protein that is secreted by all cells containing a nucleus. Cystatin C is usually filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and broken down without being excreted in the urine. Because cystatin C is supposed to be processed by the kidneys, an excess amount of cystatin C could be a sign of kidney disease/malfunction. Cystatin C content in the blood can be tested as an alternative method to testing creatinine in evaluating kidney function. Furthermore, a low blood cystatin C concentration could indicate arthritis, atherosclerosis, aortic aneurism, emphysema, and cancer. [PMID: 24570004] [Lab Tests Online:cystatin-c/tab/test]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": 1,
      "LP72437-4   Diagnosis\nThe end result of a diagnostic process that identifies a disease.\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": 1,
      "LP31534-8   Study report\nDocument that is generated in response to a request.\nSource: Regenstrief Institute": 1,
      "LP17698-9   Erythrocyte distribution width\nRed Cell Distribution Width (RDW) is a measurement of anisocytosis. RDW is elevated in iron deficiency anemia and beta thalassemia major and usually normal in beta thalassemia minor. RDW has also been shown to be significantly increased in pregnant women during gestational week 34 through labor onset. Information from Laboratory Test Handbook, Jacobs DS, DeMott WR,Oxley DK;LexiComp,2001.\nSource: Regenstrief Institute": 1,
      "LP14304-7   Erythrocytes\nErythrocytes or red blood cells (RBCs) are the cells in the circulation that carry oxygen to and remove carbon dioxide from the tissues throughout the body. They are produced in the bone marrow in response to erythropoietin where they transition through six stages over a seven day period. When they are released into the circulation, their nucleus has been extruded and they measure 6-8 microns in diameter. The lifespan of RBCs is about 120 days. When the RBC ages the cell membrane becomes less pliable and tears as they cell travels through the micro vessels of the body. The damaged RBCs are removed from the circulation by the spleen. Variations in number, shape and size of RBCs are indicative of many diseases and disorders. There are many factors that may lead to decreased numbers of RBCs including hemorrhage, hemolysis, iron or vitamin deficiency, marrow failure and more. Larger than normal RBCs may be indicative of liver disease while smaller than normal RBCs are seen in thalassemias and other anemias.(Mosby's manual of diagnostic and laboratory tests, Kathleen Deska Pagana; Timothy James Pagana, Elsevier St. Louis, Mo ©2010)\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": 1,
      "LP145613-8   Gas flow at 25% of forced expiration\nFEFx: Forced expiratory flow related to some portion of the force fital capacity (FVC) curve.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Wikipedia": 1,
      "LP145597-3   Gas flow at 50% of forced expiration\nFEFx: Forced expiratory flow related to some portion of the force fital capacity (FVC) curve.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Wikipedia": 1,
      "LP145614-6   Gas flow at 75% of forced expiration\nFEFx: Forced expiratory flow related to some portion of the force fital capacity (FVC) curve.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Wikipedia": 1,
      "LP145615-3   Gas flow at 90% of forced expiration\nFEFx: Forced expiratory flow related to some portion of the force fital capacity (FVC) curve.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Wikipedia": 1,
      "LP14635-4   Glucose\nGlucose (C6H12O6) is a simple monosaccharide and monomer of carbohydrates. Glucose provides energy for cellular processes and aids metabolism within the body. When food is ingested, the carbohydrates within the food are broken down into glucose molecules. Blood glucose content is significant in determining an individual's overall state of health. An elevated blood glucose level is called hyperglycemia and a deficient blood glucose level is called hypoglycemia. When an individual is hyperglycemic and cannot properly regulate their blood glucose level they are considered diabetic. Type 1 diabetes is caused by the immune system attacking pancreatic beta cells (cells that produce insulin) and Type 2 diabetes is caused by insulin resistance. [MedlinePlus Encyclopedia:003482]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": 1,
      "LP64601-5   Diameter.biparietal\nThe biparietal diameter (BPD) measurement, using outer-to-outer caliper positioning, is dependent on the head shape of the fetus (using the cephalic index). Due to inaccuracies that can occur with this measurement, the BPD is no longer routinely used for gestational age estimation or determining the appropriateness of fetal size later in pregnancy. Head circumference is the preferred method for measuring fetal head size. [PMID: 25044000]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": 1,
      "LP145616-1   Gas flow at 25-75% of forced expiration\nFEFx: Forced expiratory flow related to some portion of the force fital capacity (FVC) curve.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Wikipedia": 1,
      "LP189445-2   Ghrelin\nGhrelin is a 28-amino-acid peptide known as the \"hunger hormone\" and produced by ghrelin cells in the gastrointestinal tract where it has an important physiological effect on gastric acid secretion and gastrointestinal motility. [PMID: 20798855] Ghrelin acts on hypothalamic brain cells to increase hunger and increase gastric acid secretion and gastrointestinal motility to prepare the body for food intake. [PMID: 10766253] In clinical studies related to energy and glucose metabolism, ghrelin is often measured. Defective ghrelin signaling from the stomach could contribute to abnormalities in energy balance, growth, and associated gastrointestinal and neuroendocrine functions. [PMID: 15003990]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": 1,
      "LP16411-8   Haptoglobin\nDecreased haptoglobin levels occur with intravascular hemolysis or extravascular hemolysis. Increased levels in acute or chronic inflammatory response, tissue destruction, and malignant neoplasms.\nSource: Regenstrief Institute": 1,
      "LP15101-6   Hematocrit\nThe volume of packed red blood cells in a blood sample. The volume is measured by centrifugation in a tube with graduated markings, or with automated blood cell counters. It is an indicator of erythrocyte status in disease. For example, in anemia the volume is low and in polycythemia it is high.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006": 1,
      "LP96294-1   Intraocular pressure\nIntraocular pressure (IOP) is the fluid pressure inside the eye. Tonometry is the method eye care professionals use to determine the IOP. IOP is an important aspect in the evaluation of patients at risk for glaucoma. Most tonometers are calibrated to measure pressure in millimeters of mercury (mmHg).\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": 1,
      "LP19488-3   Leptin\nHuman Leptin, the 167 amino acid protein hormone of the ob gene, is secreted by adipose tissue and its levels generally correlate with the basal mass index (BMI). As BMI increases so does leptin level. Leptin is used for body mass and energy expenditure, but is also involved as a regulatory molecule in lipid metabolism, hematopoiesis, insulin action, reproductive function, immune function, and angiogenesis. In approximately five percent of the population, the leptin level does not reflect the BMI.\nSource: Regenstrief Institute": 1,
      "LP14419-3   Leukocytes\nLeukocytes or white blood cells (WBCs) are immune cells that fight infection, neoplasms and other inflammatory conditions, and mediate allergic responses. There are five types of WBCs normally present in the circulation that are all derived from a similar stem cell in the bone marrow. The five type of WBCs are divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of granules in the cytoplasm. The granulocytes include the neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils. The non-granulocytes include the lymphocytes and the monocytes. The neutrophils fight infection by ingesting and digesting bacteria. Eosinophils and basophils respond to allergic reactions and are capable of ingesting antigen-antibody complexes. Monocytes phagocytose bacteria and release interferon to stimulate the immune system. Lymphocytes are divided into T-cells and B-cells. T-cell immunity is cellular and involves the activation of phagocytes and B-cell immunity uses antibodies to fight infection. Both elevated and low leukocyte counts can be markers of infection and malignancy, and low leukocyte counts are associated with a variety of primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, depending on the WBC type(s) that are out of range. (Mosby's manual of diagnostic and laboratory tests, Kathleen Deska Pagana; Timothy James Pagana, Elsevier St. Louis, Mo ©2010)\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": 1,
      "LP17689-8   Erythrocyte mean corpuscular hemoglobin\nThe mean corpuscular hemoglobin, or \"mean cell hemoglobin\" (MCH), is the average mass of hemoglobin per red blood cell in a blood sample. It is decreased in hypochromic anemias, and increased in hyperchromic anemias. MCH is obtained by dividing the total mass of hemoglobin by the number of red blood cells in a volume of blood.\n\nMCH=(Hgb*10)/RBC\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, MCH": 1,
      "LP17695-5   Erythrocyte mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration\nThe mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, or MCHC, is a measure of the concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of packed red blood cell. It is reported as part of a standard complete blood count.\n\nIt is calculated by dividing the hemoglobin by the hematocrit. Reference ranges for blood tests are 32 to 36 g/dl, or between 19-20 to 22 mmol/L.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, MCHC": 1,
      "LP15191-7   Erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume\nThe mean corpuscular volume, or MCV, is a measure of the average red blood cell volume.\nMCV measurements classify anemias as either microcytic (MCV below normal range) or macrocytic (MCV above normal range).\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia": 1,
      "LP76210-1   Expiratory gas flow.max\nPeak expiratory flow (PEF) is the maximal flow (or speed) achieved during the maximally forced expiration initiated at full expiration, measured in liters per minute.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Wikipedia": 1,
      "LP133724-7   Occupation\nThe type of work done by the subject during his or her working life.\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": 1,
      "LP18005-6   Organophosphate pesticides\nOrganophosphate pesticides are commonly used insecticides in agriculture and public health applications. Although organophosphates are beneficial for killing a broad variety of insects, human overexposure to this pesticide can cause neurological dysfunction and excess acetylcholine in both the peripheral and central nervous system. Overexposure to an organophosphate pesticide is typically caused by inhalation, dermal contact, or ingestion of contaminated foods. Once in the human body, 75% of the organophosphorous pesticide is metabolized into dialkyl phosphorous. Urinary dialkyl phosphorous metabolite levels can be monitored to determine recent exposure to organophosphate pesticides. [CDC:biomonitoring/OP-DPM_BiomonitoringSummary]\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC, Pesticides (Wikipedia)": 1,
      "LP21258-6   Oxygen saturation\nOxygen saturation (sO2) is defined as the ratio of oxyhemoglobin to \"active\" hemoglobin (oxyhemoglobin + deoxyhemoglobin). Some say the term oxygen saturation has been erroneously redefined with a denominator of \"total\" instead of \"active\" hemoglobin, an ambiguity that can sometimes create confusion when viewing reported values from different instruments (Anesth Analg. 2007 Dec;105(6 Suppl):S5-9.) Oxygen saturation is commonly measured by blood gas analyzers and pulse oximetry.\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": 1,
      "LP14272-6   Pesticides\nThe U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines a pesticide as any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest. A pesticide may be a chemical substance or biological agent (such as a virus or bacteria) used against pests including insects, plant pathogens, weeds, mollusks, birds, mammals, fish, nematodes (roundworms) and microbes that compete with humans for food, destroy property, spread disease or are a nuisance. Many pesticides, mainly chemical pesticides, are poisonous to humans.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Pesticides (Wikipedia)": 1,
      "LP14272-6   Pesticides\nChemicals used to destroy pests of any sort. The concept includes fungicides (FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL); INSECTICIDES; RODENTICIDES; etc.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006": 1,
      "LP14597-6   Platelets\nPlatelets are miniature fragments of cytoplasm that break off of megakaryocytes. Their primary function is to inhibit excessive hemorrhage after blood vessel injury. Platelets cling to the damaged part of the blood vessel where they become activated, recruit other platelets to the site, and begin the cascade of physical and chemical events that lead to clot formation. Activated platelets secrete cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, all which play a role in thrombus development.When activated, platelets stimulate monocytes and neutrophils to leave the blood vessel and enter the tissue. [PMID: 27226790] The normal range of platelets is 150,000 to 450,000 platelets/uL. Lower than normal platelet counts can lead to increased bleeding and is caused by a number of factors including: chemotherapy, autoimmune disorders and some medications. Increased platelets can cause hypercoagulation due to cancer, anemia, spleen removal and some medications.[MedlinePlus Encyclopedia:003647]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": 1,
      "LP19201-0   Polybrominated biphenyl\nPolybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), also called brominated biphenyls or polybromobiphenyls, are a group of manufactured chemicals, of the polyhalogenated compounds.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Polybrominated biphenyl": 1,
      "LP74249-1   Procedure note\nProcedure note is a broad term that encompasses many specific types of non-operative procedures including interventional cardiology, interventional radiology, gastrointestinal endoscopy, osteopathic manipulation, and many other specialty fields. Procedure Notes are differentiated from Operative Notes in that the procedures documented do not involve incision or excision as the primary act. The Procedure Note is created immediately following a non-operative procedure and records the indications for the procedure and, when applicable, post-procedure diagnosis, pertinent events of the procedure, and the patient's tolerance of the procedure.\nSource: HL7": 1,
      "LP17773-0   Service comment\nService comment terms (Service comment, Service comment 02, Service comment 03, etc.) were requested by a lab to use as an OBX lab result message for user-defined text results.\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": 1,
      "LP189793-5   Sex assigned\nThe sex that was assigned and recorded on the birth certificate at the time of an individual's birth.\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC, WHO: gender": 1,
      "LP30350-0   Tooth aspect - fluorosis\nTypes of tissue in teeth In Humans Enamel is a hard outer layer consisting primarily of calcium and phosphate.Dentin is the inner layer, the bulk of the tooth.Pulp is the core, containing nerves and blood vessels.Cementum is the thin layer around the root; a bone -like material which connects the teeth to the jaw. In Aardvarks Teeth lack enamel and have many pulp tubules, hence the name of the order Tubulidentata.Teeth (singular, tooth) are structures found in the jaws of many vertebrates. The primary function of teeth is to tear and chew food, and in some animals, particularly carnivores, for fighting and, or defense. The roots of the teeth are covered by gums. The protective enamel covers the teeth and helps prevent cavities. Adult teeth naturally darken with age as the pulp within the tooth shrinks and dentin is deposited in its place. Teeth are among the most distinctive features of mammal species and fossils as well.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Tooth (Wikipedia)": 1,
      "LP14735-2   Tricyclic antidepressants\nTricyclic antidepressants (TCA) are a class of drugs first used in the 1950s. They are named after the drugs' molecular structure, which contains three molecular rings (compared to tetracyclic antidepressants).\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Tricyclic antidepressants (Wikipedia)": 1,
      "LP14735-2   Tricyclic antidepressants\nTricyclic antidepressants get their name from their three ringed molecular structure. The primary use of tricyclic antidepressants is to treat depression as well as neuralgic pain, chronic pain, and migraine prophylaxis. In children, tricyclic antidepressants are used to treat enuresis, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, school phobia, and separation anxiety. These drugs are are taken orally and are absorbed by the liver and then excreted through the kidneys. Tricyclic antidepressants block the absorption of neurotransmitters at nerve terminals, which makes the neurotransmitters more available in the brain. [MEDSCAPE_EMED:819204]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": 1,
      "LP72219-6   Vital capacity\nVital capacity (VC) is the largest volume a patient can exhale after a full inhalation, and forced vital capacity (FVC) is the largest volume a patient can exhale with maximum effort after a full inhalation. In people without lung disease, VC and FVC are essentially the same. However, in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), FVC may be less than VC due to airway resistance, small airway collapse and gas trapping. The difference between VC and FVC is associated with degree of airflow limitation as well as exercise tolerance in patients with COPD. [PMID: 24507622]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": 1,
      "LP241886-3   Bone age\nBone age is the measurement of a child's physical maturity using measurements of the skeletal system. Typically, bone age is measured in a child under 18 using an x-ray of the hand and wrist. Once a child is 18 or older, measurements using an x-ray of the clavicle is required. Dental age can also be used to determine bone age and provides additional information regarding the maturity of the skeletal system as a whole.\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": 1
    },
    "stewardOrg_name": {
      "NINDS": 13545,
      "LOINC": 3731,
      "NHLBI": 1818,
      "PROMIS / Neuro-QOL": 1678,
      "NLM": 605,
      "NICHD": 577,
      "RADx-UP": 234,
      "NEI": 126,
      "Project 5 (COVID-19)": 125,
      "NCI": 119,
      "GRDR": 75,
      "NINR": 50,
      "ScHARe": 28,
      "SBE CCC": 13,
      "Women's CRN": 12,
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      "sources_sourceName": 125
    },
    "NCI caDSR": {
      "dataElementConcept_origin": 125
    },
    "LP18884-4   Aldrin\nAldrin is a chlorinated cyclodiene insecticide that was used to control insects living in the soil including termites, corn rootworm, wireworms, rice water weevils, and grasshoppers. Aldrin was one of the most widely used insecticides in the United States and was used to protect corn, potatoes and wooden structures. Production of aldrin was halted in 1974 and importation into the United States ended in 1987. It is banned in many countries and restricted in many others. Symptoms of toxicity in humans include: headache, dizziness, nausea, malaise, vomiting, muscle twitching, myoclonic jerks and convulsions.[http://www.popstoolkit.com/about/chemical/aldrin.aspx][https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-09/documents/support_cc1_aldrin-dieldrin_healtheffects.pdf]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LOINC - Part - Quotients": {
      "property_origin": 4
    },
    "LP15426-7   Aspartate aminotransferase\nAspartate aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme that is released by injured muscle cells and liver cell and is predominately found in the liver and heart. AST levels in the blood are most often used to monitor liver damage. AST is typically tested in conjunction with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) when a liver panel is ordered. High levels of AST in the bloodstream could indicate hepatitis, drug damage to the liver, cirrhosis, alcoholism, or other liver disorders. [Lab Tests Online:ast/tab/test]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LOINC - Part - Challenge": {
      "property_origin": 55
    },
    "LP35925-4   Body mass index\nAn indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of BODY WEIGHT to BODY HEIGHT. BMI=weight (kg)/height squared (m2). BMI correlates with body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE). Their relationship varies with age and gender. For adults, BMI falls into these categories: below 18.5 (underweight); 18.5-24.9 (normal); 25.0-29.9 (overweight); 30.0 and above (obese). (National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006": {
      "objectClass_origin": 2
    },
    "ONC": {
      "stewardOrg_name": 3
    },
    "LP14328-6   Basophils\nBasophils are granular white blood cells characterized by a pale-staining nucleus with 2 to 3 lobes and a cytoplasm containing coarse, dark-staining granules of variable size. They represent 0.5-1% of circulating leukocytes and they are stained by basic dyes. When activated, they release histamine, leukotrienes and a number of cytokines.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006": {
      "objectClass_origin": 2
    },
    "LP15014-1   Benzodiazepines\nThe benzodiazepines are a class of drugs with sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, amnestic and muscle relaxant properties. They are often used for short-term relief of severe, disabling anxiety or insomnia. Long-term use may lead to tolerance and dependency. They are believed to act on the GABA receptor GABAA, the activation of which dampens higher neuronal activity. They began to be widely prescribed for stress-related ailments in the 1960s and 1970s. Their chemical structure is based upon diazepine and phenyl groups. Common benzodiazepines include diazepam, oxazepam, chlorodiazepam, alprozolam, and temazepam.\nSource: Regenstrief Institute, Benzodiazepines (Wikipedia)": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP15014-1   Benzodiazepines\nA group of two-ring heterocyclic compounds consisting of a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring. Permitted is any degree of hydrogenation, any substituents and any H-isomer.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP15448-1   Bilirubin\nBilirubin is an orange-yellow pigment produced by the normal breakdown of heme, a component of the hemoglobin found in red blood cells. It is processed by the liver and excreted in bile. Conditions that cause red blood cell breakdown or interfere with liver or bile processing can cause elevated levels of bilirubin. Bilirubin exists in many forms. Non-glucuronidated bilirubin (also called unconjugated or indirect) is the breakdown product of heme and is not water-soluble. Hemolytic anemias, which cause increased red blood cell breakdown, are one cause of elevated non-glucuronidated bilirubin. Glucuronidated bilirubin (also called conjugated) is a water-soluble form of bilirubin that is made in the liver by the addition of sugar molecules to non-glucuronidated bilirubin. Conditions that affect liver function (such as hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver tumors) or physically block the bile ducts (such as gallstones) can cause elevated levels of glucuronidated bilirubin. A third form of bilirubin is that which is bound to albumin, and it is also known as delta bilirubin because it was originally identified based on the unexpected difference between the total bilirubin level and the level of glucuronidated plus non-glucuronidated bilirubin in some patient samples. Prior to the discovery of albumin-bound bilirubin, the term \"direct\" bilirubin was used as a synonym for glucuronidated bilirubin, but direct bilirubin is actually glucuronidated plus delta bilirubin (bilirubin covalently bound to albumin).\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": {
      "objectClass_origin": 2
    },
    "ICD9CM": {
      "permissibleValues_codeSystemName": 3
    },
    "NINDS CDISC": {
      "ids_source": 15
    },
    "LP15023-2   C reactive protein\nC-reactive protein (CRP) is characterized by its precipitation by the C-fraction of pneumococci. This protein is an acute phase reactant and confers immunity against some bacterial infections. CRP is a sensitive and quantitative measurement of the body's acute-phase response. Elevated values are consistent with an acute inflammatory process such as a bacterial infection or rheumatic disease.\nSource: Regenstrief Institute": {
      "objectClass_origin": 4
    },
    "LP15483-8   Chloride\nThe chloride ion is formed when the element chlorine picks up one electron to form an anion negatively-charged ion Cl−. The salts of hydrochloric acid contain chloride ions and can also be called chlorides.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Chloride": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP15483-8   Chloride\nChloride is an essential mineral required by humans that is found mainly in body fluids. It is an important, negatively charged ion in the blood, and a major electrolyte that helps to conduct electrical impulses. Electrolytes including chloride are located in the blood, lymph, and intra- and extra-cellular fluid. Chloride helps to regulate osmolarity by offsetting the positively charged sodium and potassium ions in the serum. It combines with hydrogen to form hydrochloric acid in the digestive tract which breaks down proteins, absorbs metallic minerals, and activates intrinsic factor. Chloride is absorbed both actively and passively in order to help maintain extracellular fluid volume. There is a continuous exchange of chloride and bicarbonate that occurs between the red blood cells and the plasma that controls the pH and excretion of carbon dioxide, a waste product of respiration.[https://traceminerals.com/chloride-the-forgotten-essential-mineral/]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP17863-9   Chlorpyrifos\nChlorpyrifos is an amber to white crystalline broad spectrum organophosphate and cholinesterase inhibitor. It was originally developed to kill the larval stage of mosquitoes, but is now used to treat cutworms, corn rootworms, cockroaches, grubs, flea beetles, flies, termites, fire ants, and lice found on crops such as cotton, fruit, nuts, vegetables, as well as lawns and ornamental plants. Chlorpyrifos can also be applied directly on sheep, turkeys, in dog kennels, domestic dwellings, farm buildings, and storage bins. It is moderately poisonous to humans causing skin and eye irritation. If chlorpyrifos is absorbed through the skin, inhaled, or ingested, systemic intoxication from the inhibition of cholinesterase activity has been known to occur. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has determined that chlorpyrifos does not affect human reproduction, is not teratogenic, is not mutagenic, and is not carcinogenic. Chlorpyrifos is toxic to birds, freshwater fish, aquatic invertebrates, and estuarine and marine organisms. Chlorpyrifos can be extremely toxic to wildlife and honeybees.[http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/extoxnet/carbaryl-dicrotophos/chlorpyrifos-ext.html]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": {
      "objectClass_origin": 2
    },
    "LP15486-1   Cholecystokinin\nA peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "ICD10PCS": {
      "permissibleValues_codeSystemName": 2
    },
    "LP7218-3   Eye\nThe \"Eye\" System in LOINC is a broad concept that includes all parts of the eye, including ocular fluid (aqueous and vitreous), cornea, and conjunctiva.\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": {
      "property_origin": 4
    },
    "LP14564-6   Cotinine\nThe N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of nicotine. It serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco. It stimulates the CNS.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006": {
      "objectClass_origin": 7
    },
    "LP7565-7   Saliva\nSaliva is produced primarily by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. It is secreted at the rate of 0-3 milliliters per minute which is affected by various factors including anxiety, hydration and hunger. Oral fluid is broadly used to test for drugs of abuse in employment and forensic settings, and is especially useful since it is difficult to adulterate, is quick and is non-invasive. Oral fluid is used to test a variety of analytes, including to test alcohol, HIV and other antibodies, therapeutic drugs and steroids, but its primary use is to test for drugs of abuse including amphetamines, cocaine and metabolites, opioids, methadone, cannabis and heroin. [PMID: 17268583]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": {
      "property_origin": 1
    },
    "LP31553-8   Cystatin C\nCystatin C is a miniscule protein that is secreted by all cells containing a nucleus. Cystatin C is usually filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and broken down without being excreted in the urine. Because cystatin C is supposed to be processed by the kidneys, an excess amount of cystatin C could be a sign of kidney disease/malfunction. Cystatin C content in the blood can be tested as an alternative method to testing creatinine in evaluating kidney function. Furthermore, a low blood cystatin C concentration could indicate arthritis, atherosclerosis, aortic aneurism, emphysema, and cancer. [PMID: 24570004] [Lab Tests Online:cystatin-c/tab/test]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP72437-4   Diagnosis\nThe end result of a diagnostic process that identifies a disease.\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP15060-4   Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene\nDichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) is the primary metabolite of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). After World War II, DDT was heavily used as an insecticide in agricultural and household settings. It was a main component of garden sprays, vegetable dusts and applied to carpets to eradicate fleas. DDT was banned in the United States in 1972, but can still be used in emergency health situations to combat mosquitoes infected with malaria and yellow fever, and by prescription to treat body lice. DDT and DDE are slow to decompose and remain in the environment for a very long time. DDT and DDE are rarely detected in groundwater since they are nearly insoluble in water, but adhere tightly to soil particles where they can remain for many years. DDE is at least as toxic as DDT. Exposure to DDE is mostly by ingesting contaminated food bought in countries where the use of DDT is still prevalent. Foods commonly found to be polluted with DDT and DDE include root crops, leafy vegetables, fatty meats, fish, and poultry. Other sources of DDT and DDE in the environment can be found in contaminated air, dust, and water near waste sites and landfills with high levels of DDT and DDE.[http://www.unce.unr.edu/publications/files/nr/2003/sp0316.pdf]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": {
      "objectClass_origin": 2
    },
    "LP15061-2   Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane\nDichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is an organochlorine insecticide used to manage mosquito-born malaria. DDT was heavily used during World War II to protect the troops from insect typhus and malaria vectors. Post 1945, DDT was broadly applied to crops as an insecticide. Sweden banned the use of DDT in 1970 and the United States followed suit in 1972. Technical grade DDT is comprised of three isomers which are: p,p-DDT isomer, which is the most abundant and o,p'-DDT and o,o'-DDT that are present in much lower quantities. DDT is easily absorbed in the intestinal tract, but not as easily absorbed through the skin unless it is in solution. Symptoms of low to moderate exposure to DDT by humans include nausea, diarrhea, increased liver enzymes, irritation of the eyes, nose or throat, disturbed gait, malaise, and excitability. Tremors and convulsions can occur in humans at increased levels of exposure. Experimental animals exposed to DDT have experienced damage to the nervous system, liver, kidney and immune system. In contrast, humans have shown no evidence of liver, kidney or immune system damage due to DDT exposure. DDT is highly toxic to aquatic wildlife, especially invertebrates and fish. The thinning of egg shells of birds exposed to DDT is thought to be due to DDE, the primary metabolite of DDT. DDT is very slow to decompose in the soil and its estimated half-life is 2-15 years. In water, the half-life of DDT in lakes is 56 days and in rivers is 28 days.[http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/extoxnet/carbaryl-dicrotophos/ddt-ext.html]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": {
      "objectClass_origin": 2
    },
    "LP15062-0   Dieldrin\nDieldrin is a light tan, flakey compound and an organochlorine insecticide. It is toxic to ants, cutworms, armyworms, loopers, chiggars, chinch bugs, flea hoppers, crickets, diabrotica, drosophila, earwigs, wire worms, grasshoppers, flies, Japanese beetles, leaf miners, lygus, mosquitoes, wasps, roaches, slugs, snails, sowbugs, webworms, spittlebugs, termites, thrips, ticks and many more. Dieldrin is dangerously toxic to birds, fish, beneficial insects, and honey bees. It likely bioaccumulates in the food chain. Dieldrin is extremely toxic if inhaled, ingested, or absorbed by the skin and can lead to irritability, convulsions, coma, nausea, vomiting, headache, fainting, tremors, and eye irritation. Dieldrin produces toxic fumes when heated and is a suspected carcinogen. It is no longer manufactured in the United States.[PubChem:969491]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": {
      "objectClass_origin": 2
    },
    "LP31534-8   Study report\nDocument that is generated in response to a request.\nSource: Regenstrief Institute": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP14539-8   Eosinophils\nGranular leukocytes with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by a slender thread of chromatin. The cytoplasm contains coarse, round and uniform granules stainable by eosin.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006": {
      "objectClass_origin": 2
    },
    "LP17698-9   Erythrocyte distribution width\nRed Cell Distribution Width (RDW) is a measurement of anisocytosis. RDW is elevated in iron deficiency anemia and beta thalassemia major and usually normal in beta thalassemia minor. RDW has also been shown to be significantly increased in pregnant women during gestational week 34 through labor onset. Information from Laboratory Test Handbook, Jacobs DS, DeMott WR,Oxley DK;LexiComp,2001.\nSource: Regenstrief Institute": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP14304-7   Erythrocytes\nErythrocytes or red blood cells (RBCs) are the cells in the circulation that carry oxygen to and remove carbon dioxide from the tissues throughout the body. They are produced in the bone marrow in response to erythropoietin where they transition through six stages over a seven day period. When they are released into the circulation, their nucleus has been extruded and they measure 6-8 microns in diameter. The lifespan of RBCs is about 120 days. When the RBC ages the cell membrane becomes less pliable and tears as they cell travels through the micro vessels of the body. The damaged RBCs are removed from the circulation by the spleen. Variations in number, shape and size of RBCs are indicative of many diseases and disorders. There are many factors that may lead to decreased numbers of RBCs including hemorrhage, hemolysis, iron or vitamin deficiency, marrow failure and more. Larger than normal RBCs may be indicative of liver disease while smaller than normal RBCs are seen in thalassemias and other anemias.(Mosby's manual of diagnostic and laboratory tests, Kathleen Deska Pagana; Timothy James Pagana, Elsevier St. Louis, Mo ©2010)\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "CDCREC": {
      "permissibleValues_codeSystemName": 2
    },
    "LP145613-8   Gas flow at 25% of forced expiration\nFEFx: Forced expiratory flow related to some portion of the force fital capacity (FVC) curve.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Wikipedia": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP145597-3   Gas flow at 50% of forced expiration\nFEFx: Forced expiratory flow related to some portion of the force fital capacity (FVC) curve.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Wikipedia": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP145614-6   Gas flow at 75% of forced expiration\nFEFx: Forced expiratory flow related to some portion of the force fital capacity (FVC) curve.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Wikipedia": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP145615-3   Gas flow at 90% of forced expiration\nFEFx: Forced expiratory flow related to some portion of the force fital capacity (FVC) curve.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Wikipedia": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP140652-1   Volume expired during 1.0 s of forced expiration\nThe forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) is the volume of air that can be exhaled in one second. It is usually measured as part of the forced vital capacity (FVC), which is the total amount of air that can be exhaled in a full forced exhalation. The pattern of FVC, FEV1, and the FEV1/FVC ratio can be used together to determine the type of respiratory disease. A normal or low FVC with an FEV1/FVC of <0.7 indicates obstructive pulmonary disease, while low FVC and FEV1/FVC of >0.7 indicates respiratory disease. Normal values for FEV1 and FVC vary based on several factors including age, sex, height, and weight. [PMID: 15023009]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": {
      "objectClass_origin": 7
    },
    "LP15275-8   Triglyceride\nA triglyceride (TG, triacylglycerol, TAG, or triacylglyceride) is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids. There are many triglycerides, depending on the oil source, some are highly unsaturated, some less so. Triglycerides are the main constituents of vegetable oil (typically more unsaturated) and animal fats (typically more saturated). In humans, triglycerides are a mechanism for storing unused calories, and their high concentrations in blood correlates with the consumption of starchy and fatty foods. High levels of triglycerides in the bloodstream have been linked to atherosclerosis and, by extension, the risk of heart disease and stroke. Diets high in carbohydrates, with carbohydrates accounting for more than 60% of the total energy intake, can increase triglyceride levels.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Triglyceride (Wikipedia)": {
      "objectClass_origin": 2
    },
    "TEST": {
      "stewardOrg_name": 2
    },
    "LP72220-4   Forced vital capacity\nForced vital capacity (FVC) is the volume of air that can forcibly be blown out after full inspiration, measured in liters. FVC is the most basic maneuver in spirometry tests.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Wikipedia": {
      "objectClass_origin": 4
    },
    "NCI Metathesaurus": {
      "property_origin": 5
    },
    "LP14635-4   Glucose\nGlucose (C6H12O6) is a simple monosaccharide and monomer of carbohydrates. Glucose provides energy for cellular processes and aids metabolism within the body. When food is ingested, the carbohydrates within the food are broken down into glucose molecules. Blood glucose content is significant in determining an individual's overall state of health. An elevated blood glucose level is called hyperglycemia and a deficient blood glucose level is called hypoglycemia. When an individual is hyperglycemic and cannot properly regulate their blood glucose level they are considered diabetic. Type 1 diabetes is caused by the immune system attacking pancreatic beta cells (cells that produce insulin) and Type 2 diabetes is caused by insulin resistance. [MedlinePlus Encyclopedia:003482]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP15567-8   Fatty acids.nonesterified\nFatty acids found in the plasma that are complexed with serum albumin for transport. These fatty acids are not in glycerol ester form.\nSource: Regenstrief Institute": {
      "objectClass_origin": 2
    },
    "NINDS Variable Name": {
      "ids_source": 11
    },
    "LP15568-6   Ferritin\nFerritin is the major iron storage protein in mammals, and is located primarily in the liver, spleen and bone marrow. Serum ferritin concentrations correlate well with total body iron stores in normal subjects and in patients with iron deficiency or transfusional iron overloads. The measurement of serum ferritin is now considered to be an accurate, quantitative, and convenient method of assessing total body iron stores. Low serum ferritin is diagnostic for iron deficiency anemia, and elevated serum ferritin occurs in the thalassemia but can also occur in other acute and chronic conditions such as hepatic disease, respiratory infections and certain types of malignancy.\nSource: Regenstrief Institute": {
      "objectClass_origin": 3
    },
    "LP70910-2   Perimeter\nPerimeter is the measurement of any boundary. Measurements of the area and perimeter of fetal cross-sections have been found to establish both an accurate estimation of birthweight and an early diagnosis and differentiation of the various types of abnormal fetal growth patterns. For example, abdominal perimeter measurements are an effective predictor of discordant twins where the weight difference between the two exceeds 15%.\n[PMID: 103914] [PMID: 3309749]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": {
      "objectClass_origin": 2
    },
    "LP64601-5   Diameter.biparietal\nThe biparietal diameter (BPD) measurement, using outer-to-outer caliper positioning, is dependent on the head shape of the fetus (using the cephalic index). Due to inaccuracies that can occur with this measurement, the BPD is no longer routinely used for gestational age estimation or determining the appropriateness of fetal size later in pregnancy. Head circumference is the preferred method for measuring fetal head size. [PMID: 25044000]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP145616-1   Gas flow at 25-75% of forced expiration\nFEFx: Forced expiratory flow related to some portion of the force fital capacity (FVC) curve.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Wikipedia": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "AdministrativeGender": {
      "permissibleValues_codeSystemName": 1
    },
    "LP19507-0   Gestational age\nThe age of the conceptus, beginning from the time of fertilization. In clinical obstetrics, the gestational age is often estimated as the time from the last day of the last menstruation which is about 2 weeks before ovulation and fertilization.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006": {
      "objectClass_origin": 3
    },
    "LP189445-2   Ghrelin\nGhrelin is a 28-amino-acid peptide known as the \"hunger hormone\" and produced by ghrelin cells in the gastrointestinal tract where it has an important physiological effect on gastric acid secretion and gastrointestinal motility. [PMID: 20798855] Ghrelin acts on hypothalamic brain cells to increase hunger and increase gastric acid secretion and gastrointestinal motility to prepare the body for food intake. [PMID: 10766253] In clinical studies related to energy and glucose metabolism, ghrelin is often measured. Defective ghrelin signaling from the stomach could contribute to abnormalities in energy balance, growth, and associated gastrointestinal and neuroendocrine functions. [PMID: 15003990]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP16411-8   Haptoglobin\nDecreased haptoglobin levels occur with intravascular hemolysis or extravascular hemolysis. Increased levels in acute or chronic inflammatory response, tissue destruction, and malignant neoplasms.\nSource: Regenstrief Institute": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP15101-6   Hematocrit\nThe volume of packed red blood cells in a blood sample. The volume is measured by centrifugation in a tube with graduated markings, or with automated blood cell counters. It is an indicator of erythrocyte status in disease. For example, in anemia the volume is low and in polycythemia it is high.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP72877-1   Highest level of education\nThe highest level of education attained.\nSource: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention": {
      "objectClass_origin": 3
    },
    "LP96294-1   Intraocular pressure\nIntraocular pressure (IOP) is the fluid pressure inside the eye. Tonometry is the method eye care professionals use to determine the IOP. IOP is an important aspect in the evaluation of patients at risk for glaucoma. Most tonometers are calibrated to measure pressure in millimeters of mercury (mmHg).\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP203650-9   EYE.PX.NEI\nDeveloped in collaboration with the National Institute of Health's National Eye Institute (NEI) as part of an effort to standardize the data elements collected by the National Ophthalmic Disease Genotyping and Phenotyping Network (eyeGENE).\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": {
      "property_origin": 1
    },
    "LP15033-1   Lactate dehydrogenase\nLactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzyme (EC 1.1.1.27) present in a wide variety of organisms, including plants and animals. It catalyses the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate with concomitant interconversion of NADH and NAD+. As it can also catalyze the oxidation of hydroxybutyrate, it is occasionally called hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBD).\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, D-lactate (Wikipedia)": {
      "objectClass_origin": 2
    },
    "LP15033-1   Lactate dehydrogenase\nLactate dehydrogenase (LDH, or also called LD) is an oxidoreductase (LD: EC 1.1.1.27) and is the most important clinically of several dehydrogenases occurring in human serum. LDH catalyses the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate with concomitant interconversion of NADH and NAD. When disease, injury, or toxic material damages tissues, cells release LDH into the bloodstream. Since LDH is a fairly stable enzyme, it has been widely used to evaluate the presence of damage and toxicity of tissue and cells. LDH is cytoplasmic in its cellular location and in any one tissue is composed of one or two of five possible isoenzymes. While many of its clinical applications involve quantification of one or more specific serum isoenzymes, an estimate of total LDH is usually required. Lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible reaction: L-lactate + NAD <--> pyruvate + NADH. Testing methods either measure the increase in NADH produced in the lactate-to-pyruvate reaction or the decrease in NADH produced in the pyruvate-to-lactate reaction. [PMID: 3882046] . Reference ranges are highly method dependent. The pyruvate-to-lactate reaction is preferred theoretically because the equilibrium constant is large and the rate for any amount of enzyme is 2-3 times faster, thus smaller sample and shorter observation periods are needed. Disadvantages of the pyruvate-to-lactate reaction are loss of linearity as compared with the lactate-to-pyruvate reaction, and greater substrate inhibition of the enzyme. [Tietz Fourth Edition]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": {
      "objectClass_origin": 2
    },
    "LP19488-3   Leptin\nHuman Leptin, the 167 amino acid protein hormone of the ob gene, is secreted by adipose tissue and its levels generally correlate with the basal mass index (BMI). As BMI increases so does leptin level. Leptin is used for body mass and energy expenditure, but is also involved as a regulatory molecule in lipid metabolism, hematopoiesis, insulin action, reproductive function, immune function, and angiogenesis. In approximately five percent of the population, the leptin level does not reflect the BMI.\nSource: Regenstrief Institute": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP14419-3   Leukocytes\nLeukocytes or white blood cells (WBCs) are immune cells that fight infection, neoplasms and other inflammatory conditions, and mediate allergic responses. There are five types of WBCs normally present in the circulation that are all derived from a similar stem cell in the bone marrow. The five type of WBCs are divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of granules in the cytoplasm. The granulocytes include the neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils. The non-granulocytes include the lymphocytes and the monocytes. The neutrophils fight infection by ingesting and digesting bacteria. Eosinophils and basophils respond to allergic reactions and are capable of ingesting antigen-antibody complexes. Monocytes phagocytose bacteria and release interferon to stimulate the immune system. Lymphocytes are divided into T-cells and B-cells. T-cell immunity is cellular and involves the activation of phagocytes and B-cell immunity uses antibodies to fight infection. Both elevated and low leukocyte counts can be markers of infection and malignancy, and low leukocyte counts are associated with a variety of primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, depending on the WBC type(s) that are out of range. (Mosby's manual of diagnostic and laboratory tests, Kathleen Deska Pagana; Timothy James Pagana, Elsevier St. Louis, Mo ©2010)\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP14540-6   Lymphocytes\nWhite blood cells formed in lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin whereas the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T cells (transit through the thymus), B cells or natural killer cells (NK).\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006": {
      "objectClass_origin": 2
    },
    "LP14540-6   Lymphocytes\nA lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell in the vertebrate immune system.\n\nA lymphocyte count is usually part of a peripheral complete blood cell count and is expressed as percentage of lymphocytes to total white blood cells counted. A general increase in the number of lymphocytes is known as lymphocytosis whereas a decrease is lymphocytopenia.\n\nAn increase in lymphocyte concentration is usually a sign of a viral infection (in some rare case, leukemias are found through an abnormally raised lymphocyte count in an otherwise normal person).\n\nA low normal to low absolute lymphocyte concentration is associated with increased rates of infection after surgery or trauma.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Lymphocytes (Wikipedia)": {
      "objectClass_origin": 2
    },
    "LP17689-8   Erythrocyte mean corpuscular hemoglobin\nThe mean corpuscular hemoglobin, or \"mean cell hemoglobin\" (MCH), is the average mass of hemoglobin per red blood cell in a blood sample. It is decreased in hypochromic anemias, and increased in hyperchromic anemias. MCH is obtained by dividing the total mass of hemoglobin by the number of red blood cells in a volume of blood.\n\nMCH=(Hgb*10)/RBC\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, MCH": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP17695-5   Erythrocyte mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration\nThe mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, or MCHC, is a measure of the concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of packed red blood cell. It is reported as part of a standard complete blood count.\n\nIt is calculated by dividing the hemoglobin by the hematocrit. Reference ranges for blood tests are 32 to 36 g/dl, or between 19-20 to 22 mmol/L.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, MCHC": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP15191-7   Erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume\nThe mean corpuscular volume, or MCV, is a measure of the average red blood cell volume.\nMCV measurements classify anemias as either microcytic (MCV below normal range) or macrocytic (MCV above normal range).\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP76210-1   Expiratory gas flow.max\nPeak expiratory flow (PEF) is the maximal flow (or speed) achieved during the maximally forced expiration initiated at full expiration, measured in liters per minute.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Wikipedia": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP14313-8   Monocytes\nA monocyte is a mononuclear leukocyte, intimately involved in the initiaton of an immune response. It also protects against blood-borne pathogens and migrates quickly to sites of infection in the tissues. Monocytes are usually identified in stained smears by their large bilobed nucleus. They are produced by the bone marrow from hematopoietic stem cell precursors called monoblasts. The monoblast is the first stage of monocyte maturation. The developmental stages (4 subtypes) of the monocytes are: monoblast, promonocyte, immature monocyte, and mature monocyte.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Monocytes": {
      "objectClass_origin": 2
    },
    "LP14313-8   Monocytes\nLarge, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes, produced in the vertebrate bone marrow and released into the blood. Monocytes contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by a large cytoplasm and numerous organelles.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006": {
      "objectClass_origin": 2
    },
    "LP14267-6   Neutrophils\nNeutrophils are the most common form of white blood cells in healthy adults. Neutrophils are approximately 13 micrometers in diameter and have segmented nuclei with 3-5 lobes that are connected by thin strands of chromatin. (Practical Haematology; Barbara J. Bain, Imelda Bates, Mike A. Laffan,S. Mitchell Lewis; Eleventh edition; 2012) Neutrophils function to fight infection by both engulfing microorganisms and secreting lethal enzymes.\n(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0022058/) They are produced in the bone marrow and their primary function is to fight infection. Neutrophil numbers increase in the blood in response to acute bacterial infection, inflammation, necrosis or chronic myelogenous leukemia. Neutrophil levels are decreased in the following conditions: aplastic anemia, autoimmune disorder, cancer, chemotherapy, myelodysplastic syndrome and during a negative reaction to drugs. [PMID: 24050624] [MedlinePlus Encyclopedia:19864]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": {
      "objectClass_origin": 2
    },
    "LP16219-5   Nicotine\nNicotine, a toxic alkaloid, is the prototypical agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors where it dramatically stimulates neurons and ultimately blocks synaptic transmission. Nicotine is also important medically because of its presence in tobacco smoke.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006": {
      "objectClass_origin": 3
    },
    "LP133724-7   Occupation\nThe type of work done by the subject during his or her working life.\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP18005-6   Organophosphate pesticides\nOrganophosphate pesticides are commonly used insecticides in agriculture and public health applications. Although organophosphates are beneficial for killing a broad variety of insects, human overexposure to this pesticide can cause neurological dysfunction and excess acetylcholine in both the peripheral and central nervous system. Overexposure to an organophosphate pesticide is typically caused by inhalation, dermal contact, or ingestion of contaminated foods. Once in the human body, 75% of the organophosphorous pesticide is metabolized into dialkyl phosphorous. Urinary dialkyl phosphorous metabolite levels can be monitored to determine recent exposure to organophosphate pesticides. [CDC:biomonitoring/OP-DPM_BiomonitoringSummary]\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC, Pesticides (Wikipedia)": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP21258-6   Oxygen saturation\nOxygen saturation (sO2) is defined as the ratio of oxyhemoglobin to \"active\" hemoglobin (oxyhemoglobin + deoxyhemoglobin). Some say the term oxygen saturation has been erroneously redefined with a denominator of \"total\" instead of \"active\" hemoglobin, an ambiguity that can sometimes create confusion when viewing reported values from different instruments (Anesth Analg. 2007 Dec;105(6 Suppl):S5-9.) Oxygen saturation is commonly measured by blood gas analyzers and pulse oximetry.\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP15770-8   Pancreatic polypeptide\nA 36-amino acid polypeptide secreted by the PANCREAS that has physiological regulatory functions. Plasma pancreatic polypeptide increases after ingestion of food, with age, and in disease states. A lack of pancreatic polypeptide in the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS has been associated with the OBESITY in rats and mice.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006": {
      "objectClass_origin": 2
    },
    "NIDA": {
      "stewardOrg_name": 2
    },
    "LP14272-6   Pesticides\nThe U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines a pesticide as any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest. A pesticide may be a chemical substance or biological agent (such as a virus or bacteria) used against pests including insects, plant pathogens, weeds, mollusks, birds, mammals, fish, nematodes (roundworms) and microbes that compete with humans for food, destroy property, spread disease or are a nuisance. Many pesticides, mainly chemical pesticides, are poisonous to humans.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Pesticides (Wikipedia)": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP14272-6   Pesticides\nChemicals used to destroy pests of any sort. The concept includes fungicides (FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL); INSECTICIDES; RODENTICIDES; etc.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP14597-6   Platelets\nPlatelets are miniature fragments of cytoplasm that break off of megakaryocytes. Their primary function is to inhibit excessive hemorrhage after blood vessel injury. Platelets cling to the damaged part of the blood vessel where they become activated, recruit other platelets to the site, and begin the cascade of physical and chemical events that lead to clot formation. Activated platelets secrete cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, all which play a role in thrombus development.When activated, platelets stimulate monocytes and neutrophils to leave the blood vessel and enter the tissue. [PMID: 27226790] The normal range of platelets is 150,000 to 450,000 platelets/uL. Lower than normal platelet counts can lead to increased bleeding and is caused by a number of factors including: chemotherapy, autoimmune disorders and some medications. Increased platelets can cause hypercoagulation due to cancer, anemia, spleen removal and some medications.[MedlinePlus Encyclopedia:003647]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP19201-0   Polybrominated biphenyl\nPolybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), also called brominated biphenyls or polybromobiphenyls, are a group of manufactured chemicals, of the polyhalogenated compounds.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Polybrominated biphenyl": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP16832-5   Polychlorinated biphenyl\nPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of organic compounds with 1 to 10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl and a general chemical formula of C12 H10-x Clx. Most of the 209 congeners of PCB are colorless, odorless crystals. The commercial mixtures are clear viscous liquids (the more highly chlorinated mixtures are more viscous, for example, Aroclor 1260 is a sticky resin). Although the physical and chemical properties vary widely across the class, PCBs have low water solubilities and low vapor pressures. They are soluble in most organic solvents, oils, and fats. PCBs are very stable compounds and do not degrade readily. However, under specific conditions they may be destroyed by chemical, thermal, and biochemical processes. These processes may occur intentionally (e.g., incineration), unintentionally, or metabolically. Because of their high thermodynamic stability, all degradation mechanisms are difficult.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Polychlorinated biphenyl": {
      "objectClass_origin": 2
    },
    "LP16832-5   Polychlorinated biphenyl\nCoolants and insulators were usually Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) until they were restricted for environmental reasons. They are concentrated by the predator food chain and lipophilic. Found esp. in fish.\nSource: Regenstrief Institute": {
      "objectClass_origin": 2
    },
    "LP16832-5   Polychlorinated biphenyl\nThe only North American producer, Monsanto Company, marketed chemical mixtures of PCBs under the trade name Aroclor from 1930 to 1977. The PCBs mixtures were made up of a variety of individual chlorinated biphenyl components, known as congeners (e.g. 2,2',5-Trichlorobiphenyl). The chemical mixtures were sold under trade names followed by a 4 digit number. The first two digits generally refer to the number of carbon atoms in the biphenyl skeleton (for PCBs this is 12), the second two numbers indicate the percentage of chlorine by mass in the mixture. Thus, Aroclor 1260 has 12 carbon atoms and contains 60% chlorine by mass. An exception is Aroclor 1016, which also has 12 carbon atoms, but has 42% chlorine by mass. Different Aroclors were used at different times and for different applications. In electrical equipment manufacturing in the USA, Aroclor 1260 and Aroclor 1254 were the main mixtures used before 1950, Aroclor 1242 was the main mixture used in the 1950s and 1960s until it was phased out in 1971 and replaced by Aroclor 1016.\nSource: Regenstrief Help": {
      "objectClass_origin": 2
    },
    "LP74249-1   Procedure note\nProcedure note is a broad term that encompasses many specific types of non-operative procedures including interventional cardiology, interventional radiology, gastrointestinal endoscopy, osteopathic manipulation, and many other specialty fields. Procedure Notes are differentiated from Operative Notes in that the procedures documented do not involve incision or excision as the primary act. The Procedure Note is created immediately following a non-operative procedure and records the indications for the procedure and, when applicable, post-procedure diagnosis, pertinent events of the procedure, and the patient's tolerance of the procedure.\nSource: HL7": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP29151-5   Neutrophils.segmented\nNeutrophil granulocytes, generally referred to as neutrophils, are the most abundant type of white blood cells in mammals. They belong to the polymorphonuclear cell family (PMNs) together with basophils and eosinophils.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Segemented neutrophils": {
      "objectClass_origin": 2
    },
    "LP17773-0   Service comment\nService comment terms (Service comment, Service comment 02, Service comment 03, etc.) were requested by a lab to use as an OBX lab result message for user-defined text results.\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP101395-4   Sex\nIn LOINC, sex refers to the biological sex of an organism, which is most commonly determined based on anatomy and physiology or genetic (chromosome) analysis. Our definition is based on the World Health Organization's definition of sex and gender: sex (male, female) refers to biological and physiological characteristics, and gender (masculine, feminine) refers to socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes. (http://www.who.int/gender/whatisgender/en)\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC, WHO: gender": {
      "objectClass_origin": 3
    },
    "LP189793-5   Sex assigned\nThe sex that was assigned and recorded on the birth certificate at the time of an individual's birth.\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC, WHO: gender": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP30350-0   Tooth aspect - fluorosis\nTypes of tissue in teeth In Humans Enamel is a hard outer layer consisting primarily of calcium and phosphate.Dentin is the inner layer, the bulk of the tooth.Pulp is the core, containing nerves and blood vessels.Cementum is the thin layer around the root; a bone -like material which connects the teeth to the jaw. In Aardvarks Teeth lack enamel and have many pulp tubules, hence the name of the order Tubulidentata.Teeth (singular, tooth) are structures found in the jaws of many vertebrates. The primary function of teeth is to tear and chew food, and in some animals, particularly carnivores, for fighting and, or defense. The roots of the teeth are covered by gums. The protective enamel covers the teeth and helps prevent cavities. Adult teeth naturally darken with age as the pulp within the tooth shrinks and dentin is deposited in its place. Teeth are among the most distinctive features of mammal species and fossils as well.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Tooth (Wikipedia)": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP14735-2   Tricyclic antidepressants\nTricyclic antidepressants (TCA) are a class of drugs first used in the 1950s. They are named after the drugs' molecular structure, which contains three molecular rings (compared to tetracyclic antidepressants).\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Tricyclic antidepressants (Wikipedia)": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP14735-2   Tricyclic antidepressants\nTricyclic antidepressants get their name from their three ringed molecular structure. The primary use of tricyclic antidepressants is to treat depression as well as neuralgic pain, chronic pain, and migraine prophylaxis. In children, tricyclic antidepressants are used to treat enuresis, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, school phobia, and separation anxiety. These drugs are are taken orally and are absorbed by the liver and then excreted through the kidneys. Tricyclic antidepressants block the absorption of neurotransmitters at nerve terminals, which makes the neurotransmitters more available in the brain. [MEDSCAPE_EMED:819204]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "FHIR": {
      "ids_source": 1
    },
    "LP72219-6   Vital capacity\nVital capacity (VC) is the largest volume a patient can exhale after a full inhalation, and forced vital capacity (FVC) is the largest volume a patient can exhale with maximum effort after a full inhalation. In people without lung disease, VC and FVC are essentially the same. However, in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), FVC may be less than VC due to airway resistance, small airway collapse and gas trapping. The difference between VC and FVC is associated with degree of airflow limitation as well as exercise tolerance in patients with COPD. [PMID: 24507622]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    },
    "LP241886-3   Bone age\nBone age is the measurement of a child's physical maturity using measurements of the skeletal system. Typically, bone age is measured in a child under 18 using an x-ray of the hand and wrist. Once a child is 18 or older, measurements using an x-ray of the clavicle is required. Dental age can also be used to determine bone age and provides additional information regarding the maturity of the skeletal system as a whole.\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC": {
      "objectClass_origin": 1
    }
  },
  "all_sources": [
    "ADAPTED FROM:\ncaDSR Value Domain Public ID:  2644394\nVersion:  1.0\nLong Name:  Vital Signs Physical Examination Unit of Measure\nShort Name:  VSIGN_PHYSEXM_UOM\nContext Name:  CTEP\nDefinition:  the enumerated list of unit of measure types for physical examinations of vital signs.",
    "AHRQ",
    "AdministrativeGender",
    "All of Us - Basic Information Survey https://allofus.nih.gov/sites/default/files/aou_ppi_basics_version.pdf\r\nBRFSS = Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (CDC)",
    "Assessment Center",
    "BRICS Variable Name",
    "C50400",
    "CDC Standard Disability Questions  https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/datasets.html (format adapted)",
    "CDCREC",
    "Census Data  https://data.census.gov/advanced?text=zip+code",
    "Duran D, Perez-Stable, E. Novel Approaches to Advance Minority Health and Health Disparities;  Am J Public Health. 2019, Jan;109(S1):S8-S10. doi:10.2105/AJPH. 2019.304952. PMID: 30699026; PMCID:PMC6356133.  ADAPTED with Other health outcomes delivery/care",
    "FHIR",
    "GRDR",
    "Hints 5 Cycle 4 (2020)  https://hints.cancer.gov/view-questions-topics/question-details.aspx?qid=593  ( BRFSS Questionnaire (2001), Section 13: Demographics modified)    \r\nAll of Us  \r\nchrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://allofus.nih.gov/sites/default/files/aou_ppi_basics_version.pdf",
    "ICD10PCS",
    "ICD9CM",
    "ISTH",
    "International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH)",
    "International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) https://datatopics.worldbank.org/education/wRsc/classification#:~:text=The%20International%20Standard%20Classification%20of,revised%20in%201997%20and%202011 \r\nand \r\nUSA standards of Education https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ous/international/usnei/us/edlite-structure-us.html#:~:text=Early%20childhood%20education%20is%20followed,then%20postsecondary%20(tertiary)%20education.",
    "LASIK Quality of Life Collaboration Project",
    "LASIK Quality of Life Collaboration Project Post Op",
    "LASIK Quality of Life Collaboration Project Pre Op",
    "LNC",
    "LOINC",
    "LOINC - Part - Challenge",
    "LOINC - Part - Component",
    "LOINC - Part - Divisors",
    "LOINC - Part - Fragments for synonyms",
    "LOINC - Part - Method",
    "LOINC - Part - Multipart",
    "LOINC - Part - Property",
    "LOINC - Part - Quotients",
    "LOINC - Part - Scale",
    "LOINC - Part - Suffix",
    "LOINC - Part - Super System",
    "LOINC - Part - System",
    "LOINC - Part - Time",
    "LP101395-4   Sex\nIn LOINC, sex refers to the biological sex of an organism, which is most commonly determined based on anatomy and physiology or genetic (chromosome) analysis. Our definition is based on the World Health Organization's definition of sex and gender: sex (male, female) refers to biological and physiological characteristics, and gender (masculine, feminine) refers to socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes. (http://www.who.int/gender/whatisgender/en)\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC, WHO: gender",
    "LP130577-2   UPPS-P\nThe UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale is a 45-item self-report questionnaire that was designed to measure impulsivity across dimensions of the Five Factor Model of personality. The UPPS includes 4 sub-scales: lack of premediation, urgency, lack of perseverance, and sensation-seeking.\n\nUPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS-P) is a revised version of the UPPS, including 59 items. It assesses an additional personality pathway to impulsive behavior, Positive Urgency, in addition to the four pathways assessed in the original version of the scale: Urgency (now Negative Urgency), (lack of) Premeditation, (lack of) Perseverance, and Sensation Seeking.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, UPPS and UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scales",
    "LP133724-7   Occupation\nThe type of work done by the subject during his or her working life.\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC",
    "LP140652-1   Volume expired during 1.0 s of forced expiration\nThe forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) is the volume of air that can be exhaled in one second. It is usually measured as part of the forced vital capacity (FVC), which is the total amount of air that can be exhaled in a full forced exhalation. The pattern of FVC, FEV1, and the FEV1/FVC ratio can be used together to determine the type of respiratory disease. A normal or low FVC with an FEV1/FVC of <0.7 indicates obstructive pulmonary disease, while low FVC and FEV1/FVC of >0.7 indicates respiratory disease. Normal values for FEV1 and FVC vary based on several factors including age, sex, height, and weight. [PMID: 15023009]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC",
    "LP14267-6   Neutrophils\nNeutrophils are the most common form of white blood cells in healthy adults. Neutrophils are approximately 13 micrometers in diameter and have segmented nuclei with 3-5 lobes that are connected by thin strands of chromatin. (Practical Haematology; Barbara J. Bain, Imelda Bates, Mike A. Laffan,S. Mitchell Lewis; Eleventh edition; 2012) Neutrophils function to fight infection by both engulfing microorganisms and secreting lethal enzymes.\n(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0022058/) They are produced in the bone marrow and their primary function is to fight infection. Neutrophil numbers increase in the blood in response to acute bacterial infection, inflammation, necrosis or chronic myelogenous leukemia. Neutrophil levels are decreased in the following conditions: aplastic anemia, autoimmune disorder, cancer, chemotherapy, myelodysplastic syndrome and during a negative reaction to drugs. [PMID: 24050624] [MedlinePlus Encyclopedia:19864]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC",
    "LP14272-6   Pesticides\nChemicals used to destroy pests of any sort. The concept includes fungicides (FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL); INSECTICIDES; RODENTICIDES; etc.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006",
    "LP14272-6   Pesticides\nThe U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines a pesticide as any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest. A pesticide may be a chemical substance or biological agent (such as a virus or bacteria) used against pests including insects, plant pathogens, weeds, mollusks, birds, mammals, fish, nematodes (roundworms) and microbes that compete with humans for food, destroy property, spread disease or are a nuisance. Many pesticides, mainly chemical pesticides, are poisonous to humans.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Pesticides (Wikipedia)",
    "LP14304-7   Erythrocytes\nErythrocytes or red blood cells (RBCs) are the cells in the circulation that carry oxygen to and remove carbon dioxide from the tissues throughout the body. They are produced in the bone marrow in response to erythropoietin where they transition through six stages over a seven day period. When they are released into the circulation, their nucleus has been extruded and they measure 6-8 microns in diameter. The lifespan of RBCs is about 120 days. When the RBC ages the cell membrane becomes less pliable and tears as they cell travels through the micro vessels of the body. The damaged RBCs are removed from the circulation by the spleen. Variations in number, shape and size of RBCs are indicative of many diseases and disorders. There are many factors that may lead to decreased numbers of RBCs including hemorrhage, hemolysis, iron or vitamin deficiency, marrow failure and more. Larger than normal RBCs may be indicative of liver disease while smaller than normal RBCs are seen in thalassemias and other anemias.(Mosby's manual of diagnostic and laboratory tests, Kathleen Deska Pagana; Timothy James Pagana, Elsevier St. Louis, Mo ©2010)\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC",
    "LP14313-8   Monocytes\nA monocyte is a mononuclear leukocyte, intimately involved in the initiaton of an immune response. It also protects against blood-borne pathogens and migrates quickly to sites of infection in the tissues. Monocytes are usually identified in stained smears by their large bilobed nucleus. They are produced by the bone marrow from hematopoietic stem cell precursors called monoblasts. The monoblast is the first stage of monocyte maturation. The developmental stages (4 subtypes) of the monocytes are: monoblast, promonocyte, immature monocyte, and mature monocyte.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Monocytes",
    "LP14313-8   Monocytes\nLarge, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes, produced in the vertebrate bone marrow and released into the blood. Monocytes contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by a large cytoplasm and numerous organelles.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006",
    "LP14328-6   Basophils\nBasophils are granular white blood cells characterized by a pale-staining nucleus with 2 to 3 lobes and a cytoplasm containing coarse, dark-staining granules of variable size. They represent 0.5-1% of circulating leukocytes and they are stained by basic dyes. When activated, they release histamine, leukotrienes and a number of cytokines.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006",
    "LP14419-3   Leukocytes\nLeukocytes or white blood cells (WBCs) are immune cells that fight infection, neoplasms and other inflammatory conditions, and mediate allergic responses. There are five types of WBCs normally present in the circulation that are all derived from a similar stem cell in the bone marrow. The five type of WBCs are divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of granules in the cytoplasm. The granulocytes include the neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils. The non-granulocytes include the lymphocytes and the monocytes. The neutrophils fight infection by ingesting and digesting bacteria. Eosinophils and basophils respond to allergic reactions and are capable of ingesting antigen-antibody complexes. Monocytes phagocytose bacteria and release interferon to stimulate the immune system. Lymphocytes are divided into T-cells and B-cells. T-cell immunity is cellular and involves the activation of phagocytes and B-cell immunity uses antibodies to fight infection. Both elevated and low leukocyte counts can be markers of infection and malignancy, and low leukocyte counts are associated with a variety of primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, depending on the WBC type(s) that are out of range. (Mosby's manual of diagnostic and laboratory tests, Kathleen Deska Pagana; Timothy James Pagana, Elsevier St. Louis, Mo ©2010)\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC",
    "LP14539-8   Eosinophils\nGranular leukocytes with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by a slender thread of chromatin. The cytoplasm contains coarse, round and uniform granules stainable by eosin.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006",
    "LP14540-6   Lymphocytes\nA lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell in the vertebrate immune system.\n\nA lymphocyte count is usually part of a peripheral complete blood cell count and is expressed as percentage of lymphocytes to total white blood cells counted. A general increase in the number of lymphocytes is known as lymphocytosis whereas a decrease is lymphocytopenia.\n\nAn increase in lymphocyte concentration is usually a sign of a viral infection (in some rare case, leukemias are found through an abnormally raised lymphocyte count in an otherwise normal person).\n\nA low normal to low absolute lymphocyte concentration is associated with increased rates of infection after surgery or trauma.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Lymphocytes (Wikipedia)",
    "LP14540-6   Lymphocytes\nWhite blood cells formed in lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin whereas the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T cells (transit through the thymus), B cells or natural killer cells (NK).\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006",
    "LP145597-3   Gas flow at 50% of forced expiration\nFEFx: Forced expiratory flow related to some portion of the force fital capacity (FVC) curve.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Wikipedia",
    "LP145613-8   Gas flow at 25% of forced expiration\nFEFx: Forced expiratory flow related to some portion of the force fital capacity (FVC) curve.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Wikipedia",
    "LP145614-6   Gas flow at 75% of forced expiration\nFEFx: Forced expiratory flow related to some portion of the force fital capacity (FVC) curve.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Wikipedia",
    "LP145615-3   Gas flow at 90% of forced expiration\nFEFx: Forced expiratory flow related to some portion of the force fital capacity (FVC) curve.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Wikipedia",
    "LP145616-1   Gas flow at 25-75% of forced expiration\nFEFx: Forced expiratory flow related to some portion of the force fital capacity (FVC) curve.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Wikipedia",
    "LP14564-6   Cotinine\nThe N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of nicotine. It serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco. It stimulates the CNS.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006",
    "LP14597-6   Platelets\nPlatelets are miniature fragments of cytoplasm that break off of megakaryocytes. Their primary function is to inhibit excessive hemorrhage after blood vessel injury. Platelets cling to the damaged part of the blood vessel where they become activated, recruit other platelets to the site, and begin the cascade of physical and chemical events that lead to clot formation. Activated platelets secrete cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, all which play a role in thrombus development.When activated, platelets stimulate monocytes and neutrophils to leave the blood vessel and enter the tissue. [PMID: 27226790] The normal range of platelets is 150,000 to 450,000 platelets/uL. Lower than normal platelet counts can lead to increased bleeding and is caused by a number of factors including: chemotherapy, autoimmune disorders and some medications. Increased platelets can cause hypercoagulation due to cancer, anemia, spleen removal and some medications.[MedlinePlus Encyclopedia:003647]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC",
    "LP14635-4   Glucose\nGlucose (C6H12O6) is a simple monosaccharide and monomer of carbohydrates. Glucose provides energy for cellular processes and aids metabolism within the body. When food is ingested, the carbohydrates within the food are broken down into glucose molecules. Blood glucose content is significant in determining an individual's overall state of health. An elevated blood glucose level is called hyperglycemia and a deficient blood glucose level is called hypoglycemia. When an individual is hyperglycemic and cannot properly regulate their blood glucose level they are considered diabetic. Type 1 diabetes is caused by the immune system attacking pancreatic beta cells (cells that produce insulin) and Type 2 diabetes is caused by insulin resistance. [MedlinePlus Encyclopedia:003482]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC",
    "LP14735-2   Tricyclic antidepressants\nTricyclic antidepressants (TCA) are a class of drugs first used in the 1950s. They are named after the drugs' molecular structure, which contains three molecular rings (compared to tetracyclic antidepressants).\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Tricyclic antidepressants (Wikipedia)",
    "LP14735-2   Tricyclic antidepressants\nTricyclic antidepressants get their name from their three ringed molecular structure. The primary use of tricyclic antidepressants is to treat depression as well as neuralgic pain, chronic pain, and migraine prophylaxis. In children, tricyclic antidepressants are used to treat enuresis, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, school phobia, and separation anxiety. These drugs are are taken orally and are absorbed by the liver and then excreted through the kidneys. Tricyclic antidepressants block the absorption of neurotransmitters at nerve terminals, which makes the neurotransmitters more available in the brain. [MEDSCAPE_EMED:819204]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC",
    "LP15014-1   Benzodiazepines\nA group of two-ring heterocyclic compounds consisting of a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring. Permitted is any degree of hydrogenation, any substituents and any H-isomer.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006",
    "LP15014-1   Benzodiazepines\nThe benzodiazepines are a class of drugs with sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, amnestic and muscle relaxant properties. They are often used for short-term relief of severe, disabling anxiety or insomnia. Long-term use may lead to tolerance and dependency. They are believed to act on the GABA receptor GABAA, the activation of which dampens higher neuronal activity. They began to be widely prescribed for stress-related ailments in the 1960s and 1970s. Their chemical structure is based upon diazepine and phenyl groups. Common benzodiazepines include diazepam, oxazepam, chlorodiazepam, alprozolam, and temazepam.\nSource: Regenstrief Institute, Benzodiazepines (Wikipedia)",
    "LP15023-2   C reactive protein\nC-reactive protein (CRP) is characterized by its precipitation by the C-fraction of pneumococci. This protein is an acute phase reactant and confers immunity against some bacterial infections. CRP is a sensitive and quantitative measurement of the body's acute-phase response. Elevated values are consistent with an acute inflammatory process such as a bacterial infection or rheumatic disease.\nSource: Regenstrief Institute",
    "LP15033-1   Lactate dehydrogenase\nLactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzyme (EC 1.1.1.27) present in a wide variety of organisms, including plants and animals. It catalyses the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate with concomitant interconversion of NADH and NAD+. As it can also catalyze the oxidation of hydroxybutyrate, it is occasionally called hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBD).\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, D-lactate (Wikipedia)",
    "LP15033-1   Lactate dehydrogenase\nLactate dehydrogenase (LDH, or also called LD) is an oxidoreductase (LD: EC 1.1.1.27) and is the most important clinically of several dehydrogenases occurring in human serum. LDH catalyses the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate with concomitant interconversion of NADH and NAD. When disease, injury, or toxic material damages tissues, cells release LDH into the bloodstream. Since LDH is a fairly stable enzyme, it has been widely used to evaluate the presence of damage and toxicity of tissue and cells. LDH is cytoplasmic in its cellular location and in any one tissue is composed of one or two of five possible isoenzymes. While many of its clinical applications involve quantification of one or more specific serum isoenzymes, an estimate of total LDH is usually required. Lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible reaction: L-lactate + NAD <--> pyruvate + NADH. Testing methods either measure the increase in NADH produced in the lactate-to-pyruvate reaction or the decrease in NADH produced in the pyruvate-to-lactate reaction. [PMID: 3882046] . Reference ranges are highly method dependent. The pyruvate-to-lactate reaction is preferred theoretically because the equilibrium constant is large and the rate for any amount of enzyme is 2-3 times faster, thus smaller sample and shorter observation periods are needed. Disadvantages of the pyruvate-to-lactate reaction are loss of linearity as compared with the lactate-to-pyruvate reaction, and greater substrate inhibition of the enzyme. [Tietz Fourth Edition]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC",
    "LP15060-4   Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene\nDichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) is the primary metabolite of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). After World War II, DDT was heavily used as an insecticide in agricultural and household settings. It was a main component of garden sprays, vegetable dusts and applied to carpets to eradicate fleas. DDT was banned in the United States in 1972, but can still be used in emergency health situations to combat mosquitoes infected with malaria and yellow fever, and by prescription to treat body lice. DDT and DDE are slow to decompose and remain in the environment for a very long time. DDT and DDE are rarely detected in groundwater since they are nearly insoluble in water, but adhere tightly to soil particles where they can remain for many years. DDE is at least as toxic as DDT. Exposure to DDE is mostly by ingesting contaminated food bought in countries where the use of DDT is still prevalent. Foods commonly found to be polluted with DDT and DDE include root crops, leafy vegetables, fatty meats, fish, and poultry. Other sources of DDT and DDE in the environment can be found in contaminated air, dust, and water near waste sites and landfills with high levels of DDT and DDE.[http://www.unce.unr.edu/publications/files/nr/2003/sp0316.pdf]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC",
    "LP15061-2   Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane\nDichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is an organochlorine insecticide used to manage mosquito-born malaria. DDT was heavily used during World War II to protect the troops from insect typhus and malaria vectors. Post 1945, DDT was broadly applied to crops as an insecticide. Sweden banned the use of DDT in 1970 and the United States followed suit in 1972. Technical grade DDT is comprised of three isomers which are: p,p-DDT isomer, which is the most abundant and o,p'-DDT and o,o'-DDT that are present in much lower quantities. DDT is easily absorbed in the intestinal tract, but not as easily absorbed through the skin unless it is in solution. Symptoms of low to moderate exposure to DDT by humans include nausea, diarrhea, increased liver enzymes, irritation of the eyes, nose or throat, disturbed gait, malaise, and excitability. Tremors and convulsions can occur in humans at increased levels of exposure. Experimental animals exposed to DDT have experienced damage to the nervous system, liver, kidney and immune system. In contrast, humans have shown no evidence of liver, kidney or immune system damage due to DDT exposure. DDT is highly toxic to aquatic wildlife, especially invertebrates and fish. The thinning of egg shells of birds exposed to DDT is thought to be due to DDE, the primary metabolite of DDT. DDT is very slow to decompose in the soil and its estimated half-life is 2-15 years. In water, the half-life of DDT in lakes is 56 days and in rivers is 28 days.[http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/extoxnet/carbaryl-dicrotophos/ddt-ext.html]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC",
    "LP15062-0   Dieldrin\nDieldrin is a light tan, flakey compound and an organochlorine insecticide. It is toxic to ants, cutworms, armyworms, loopers, chiggars, chinch bugs, flea hoppers, crickets, diabrotica, drosophila, earwigs, wire worms, grasshoppers, flies, Japanese beetles, leaf miners, lygus, mosquitoes, wasps, roaches, slugs, snails, sowbugs, webworms, spittlebugs, termites, thrips, ticks and many more. Dieldrin is dangerously toxic to birds, fish, beneficial insects, and honey bees. It likely bioaccumulates in the food chain. Dieldrin is extremely toxic if inhaled, ingested, or absorbed by the skin and can lead to irritability, convulsions, coma, nausea, vomiting, headache, fainting, tremors, and eye irritation. Dieldrin produces toxic fumes when heated and is a suspected carcinogen. It is no longer manufactured in the United States.[PubChem:969491]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC",
    "LP15101-6   Hematocrit\nThe volume of packed red blood cells in a blood sample. The volume is measured by centrifugation in a tube with graduated markings, or with automated blood cell counters. It is an indicator of erythrocyte status in disease. For example, in anemia the volume is low and in polycythemia it is high.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006",
    "LP15191-7   Erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume\nThe mean corpuscular volume, or MCV, is a measure of the average red blood cell volume.\nMCV measurements classify anemias as either microcytic (MCV below normal range) or macrocytic (MCV above normal range).\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia",
    "LP15275-8   Triglyceride\nA triglyceride (TG, triacylglycerol, TAG, or triacylglyceride) is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids. There are many triglycerides, depending on the oil source, some are highly unsaturated, some less so. Triglycerides are the main constituents of vegetable oil (typically more unsaturated) and animal fats (typically more saturated). In humans, triglycerides are a mechanism for storing unused calories, and their high concentrations in blood correlates with the consumption of starchy and fatty foods. High levels of triglycerides in the bloodstream have been linked to atherosclerosis and, by extension, the risk of heart disease and stroke. Diets high in carbohydrates, with carbohydrates accounting for more than 60% of the total energy intake, can increase triglyceride levels.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Triglyceride (Wikipedia)",
    "LP15426-7   Aspartate aminotransferase\nAspartate aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme that is released by injured muscle cells and liver cell and is predominately found in the liver and heart. AST levels in the blood are most often used to monitor liver damage. AST is typically tested in conjunction with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) when a liver panel is ordered. High levels of AST in the bloodstream could indicate hepatitis, drug damage to the liver, cirrhosis, alcoholism, or other liver disorders. [Lab Tests Online:ast/tab/test]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC",
    "LP15448-1   Bilirubin\nBilirubin is an orange-yellow pigment produced by the normal breakdown of heme, a component of the hemoglobin found in red blood cells. It is processed by the liver and excreted in bile. Conditions that cause red blood cell breakdown or interfere with liver or bile processing can cause elevated levels of bilirubin. Bilirubin exists in many forms. Non-glucuronidated bilirubin (also called unconjugated or indirect) is the breakdown product of heme and is not water-soluble. Hemolytic anemias, which cause increased red blood cell breakdown, are one cause of elevated non-glucuronidated bilirubin. Glucuronidated bilirubin (also called conjugated) is a water-soluble form of bilirubin that is made in the liver by the addition of sugar molecules to non-glucuronidated bilirubin. Conditions that affect liver function (such as hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver tumors) or physically block the bile ducts (such as gallstones) can cause elevated levels of glucuronidated bilirubin. A third form of bilirubin is that which is bound to albumin, and it is also known as delta bilirubin because it was originally identified based on the unexpected difference between the total bilirubin level and the level of glucuronidated plus non-glucuronidated bilirubin in some patient samples. Prior to the discovery of albumin-bound bilirubin, the term \"direct\" bilirubin was used as a synonym for glucuronidated bilirubin, but direct bilirubin is actually glucuronidated plus delta bilirubin (bilirubin covalently bound to albumin).\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC",
    "LP15483-8   Chloride\nChloride is an essential mineral required by humans that is found mainly in body fluids. It is an important, negatively charged ion in the blood, and a major electrolyte that helps to conduct electrical impulses. Electrolytes including chloride are located in the blood, lymph, and intra- and extra-cellular fluid. Chloride helps to regulate osmolarity by offsetting the positively charged sodium and potassium ions in the serum. It combines with hydrogen to form hydrochloric acid in the digestive tract which breaks down proteins, absorbs metallic minerals, and activates intrinsic factor. Chloride is absorbed both actively and passively in order to help maintain extracellular fluid volume. There is a continuous exchange of chloride and bicarbonate that occurs between the red blood cells and the plasma that controls the pH and excretion of carbon dioxide, a waste product of respiration.[https://traceminerals.com/chloride-the-forgotten-essential-mineral/]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC",
    "LP15483-8   Chloride\nThe chloride ion is formed when the element chlorine picks up one electron to form an anion negatively-charged ion Cl−. The salts of hydrochloric acid contain chloride ions and can also be called chlorides.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Chloride",
    "LP15486-1   Cholecystokinin\nA peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006",
    "LP15567-8   Fatty acids.nonesterified\nFatty acids found in the plasma that are complexed with serum albumin for transport. These fatty acids are not in glycerol ester form.\nSource: Regenstrief Institute",
    "LP15568-6   Ferritin\nFerritin is the major iron storage protein in mammals, and is located primarily in the liver, spleen and bone marrow. Serum ferritin concentrations correlate well with total body iron stores in normal subjects and in patients with iron deficiency or transfusional iron overloads. The measurement of serum ferritin is now considered to be an accurate, quantitative, and convenient method of assessing total body iron stores. Low serum ferritin is diagnostic for iron deficiency anemia, and elevated serum ferritin occurs in the thalassemia but can also occur in other acute and chronic conditions such as hepatic disease, respiratory infections and certain types of malignancy.\nSource: Regenstrief Institute",
    "LP15770-8   Pancreatic polypeptide\nA 36-amino acid polypeptide secreted by the PANCREAS that has physiological regulatory functions. Plasma pancreatic polypeptide increases after ingestion of food, with age, and in disease states. A lack of pancreatic polypeptide in the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS has been associated with the OBESITY in rats and mice.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006",
    "LP16219-5   Nicotine\nNicotine, a toxic alkaloid, is the prototypical agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors where it dramatically stimulates neurons and ultimately blocks synaptic transmission. Nicotine is also important medically because of its presence in tobacco smoke.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006",
    "LP16411-8   Haptoglobin\nDecreased haptoglobin levels occur with intravascular hemolysis or extravascular hemolysis. Increased levels in acute or chronic inflammatory response, tissue destruction, and malignant neoplasms.\nSource: Regenstrief Institute",
    "LP16832-5   Polychlorinated biphenyl\nCoolants and insulators were usually Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) until they were restricted for environmental reasons. They are concentrated by the predator food chain and lipophilic. Found esp. in fish.\nSource: Regenstrief Institute",
    "LP16832-5   Polychlorinated biphenyl\nPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of organic compounds with 1 to 10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl and a general chemical formula of C12 H10-x Clx. Most of the 209 congeners of PCB are colorless, odorless crystals. The commercial mixtures are clear viscous liquids (the more highly chlorinated mixtures are more viscous, for example, Aroclor 1260 is a sticky resin). Although the physical and chemical properties vary widely across the class, PCBs have low water solubilities and low vapor pressures. They are soluble in most organic solvents, oils, and fats. PCBs are very stable compounds and do not degrade readily. However, under specific conditions they may be destroyed by chemical, thermal, and biochemical processes. These processes may occur intentionally (e.g., incineration), unintentionally, or metabolically. Because of their high thermodynamic stability, all degradation mechanisms are difficult.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Polychlorinated biphenyl",
    "LP16832-5   Polychlorinated biphenyl\nThe only North American producer, Monsanto Company, marketed chemical mixtures of PCBs under the trade name Aroclor from 1930 to 1977. The PCBs mixtures were made up of a variety of individual chlorinated biphenyl components, known as congeners (e.g. 2,2',5-Trichlorobiphenyl). The chemical mixtures were sold under trade names followed by a 4 digit number. The first two digits generally refer to the number of carbon atoms in the biphenyl skeleton (for PCBs this is 12), the second two numbers indicate the percentage of chlorine by mass in the mixture. Thus, Aroclor 1260 has 12 carbon atoms and contains 60% chlorine by mass. An exception is Aroclor 1016, which also has 12 carbon atoms, but has 42% chlorine by mass. Different Aroclors were used at different times and for different applications. In electrical equipment manufacturing in the USA, Aroclor 1260 and Aroclor 1254 were the main mixtures used before 1950, Aroclor 1242 was the main mixture used in the 1950s and 1960s until it was phased out in 1971 and replaced by Aroclor 1016.\nSource: Regenstrief Help",
    "LP173533-3   2,2',3,4,4',5-Hexachlorobiphenyl\nPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of organic compounds with 1 to 10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl and a general chemical formula of C12 H10-x Clx. Most of the 209 congeners of PCB are colorless, odorless crystals. The commercial mixtures are clear viscous liquids (the more highly chlorinated mixtures are more viscous, for example, Aroclor 1260 is a sticky resin). Although the physical and chemical properties vary widely across the class, PCBs have low water solubilities and low vapor pressures. They are soluble in most organic solvents, oils, and fats. PCBs are very stable compounds and do not degrade readily. However, under specific conditions they may be destroyed by chemical, thermal, and biochemical processes. These processes may occur intentionally (e.g., incineration), unintentionally, or metabolically. Because of their high thermodynamic stability, all degradation mechanisms are difficult.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Polychlorinated biphenyl",
    "LP173534-1   2,2',5-Trichlorobiphenyl\nPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of organic compounds with 1 to 10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl and a general chemical formula of C12 H10-x Clx. Most of the 209 congeners of PCB are colorless, odorless crystals. The commercial mixtures are clear viscous liquids (the more highly chlorinated mixtures are more viscous, for example, Aroclor 1260 is a sticky resin). Although the physical and chemical properties vary widely across the class, PCBs have low water solubilities and low vapor pressures. They are soluble in most organic solvents, oils, and fats. PCBs are very stable compounds and do not degrade readily. However, under specific conditions they may be destroyed by chemical, thermal, and biochemical processes. These processes may occur intentionally (e.g., incineration), unintentionally, or metabolically. Because of their high thermodynamic stability, all degradation mechanisms are difficult.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Polychlorinated biphenyl",
    "LP173535-8   2,4,4'-Trichlorobiphenyl\nPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of organic compounds with 1 to 10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl and a general chemical formula of C12 H10-x Clx. Most of the 209 congeners of PCB are colorless, odorless crystals. The commercial mixtures are clear viscous liquids (the more highly chlorinated mixtures are more viscous, for example, Aroclor 1260 is a sticky resin). Although the physical and chemical properties vary widely across the class, PCBs have low water solubilities and low vapor pressures. They are soluble in most organic solvents, oils, and fats. PCBs are very stable compounds and do not degrade readily. However, under specific conditions they may be destroyed by chemical, thermal, and biochemical processes. These processes may occur intentionally (e.g., incineration), unintentionally, or metabolically. Because of their high thermodynamic stability, all degradation mechanisms are difficult.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Polychlorinated biphenyl",
    "LP173536-6   2,2',4,5,5'-Pentachlorobiphenyl\nPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of organic compounds with 1 to 10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl and a general chemical formula of C12 H10-x Clx. Most of the 209 congeners of PCB are colorless, odorless crystals. The commercial mixtures are clear viscous liquids (the more highly chlorinated mixtures are more viscous, for example, Aroclor 1260 is a sticky resin). Although the physical and chemical properties vary widely across the class, PCBs have low water solubilities and low vapor pressures. They are soluble in most organic solvents, oils, and fats. PCBs are very stable compounds and do not degrade readily. However, under specific conditions they may be destroyed by chemical, thermal, and biochemical processes. These processes may occur intentionally (e.g., incineration), unintentionally, or metabolically. Because of their high thermodynamic stability, all degradation mechanisms are difficult.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Polychlorinated biphenyl",
    "LP173537-4   2,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl\nPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of organic compounds with 1 to 10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl and a general chemical formula of C12 H10-x Clx. Most of the 209 congeners of PCB are colorless, odorless crystals. The commercial mixtures are clear viscous liquids (the more highly chlorinated mixtures are more viscous, for example, Aroclor 1260 is a sticky resin). Although the physical and chemical properties vary widely across the class, PCBs have low water solubilities and low vapor pressures. They are soluble in most organic solvents, oils, and fats. PCBs are very stable compounds and do not degrade readily. However, under specific conditions they may be destroyed by chemical, thermal, and biochemical processes. These processes may occur intentionally (e.g., incineration), unintentionally, or metabolically. Because of their high thermodynamic stability, all degradation mechanisms are difficult.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Polychlorinated biphenyl",
    "LP173538-2   2,3',4',5-Tetrachlorobiphenyl\nPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of organic compounds with 1 to 10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl and a general chemical formula of C12 H10-x Clx. Most of the 209 congeners of PCB are colorless, odorless crystals. The commercial mixtures are clear viscous liquids (the more highly chlorinated mixtures are more viscous, for example, Aroclor 1260 is a sticky resin). Although the physical and chemical properties vary widely across the class, PCBs have low water solubilities and low vapor pressures. They are soluble in most organic solvents, oils, and fats. PCBs are very stable compounds and do not degrade readily. However, under specific conditions they may be destroyed by chemical, thermal, and biochemical processes. These processes may occur intentionally (e.g., incineration), unintentionally, or metabolically. Because of their high thermodynamic stability, all degradation mechanisms are difficult.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Polychlorinated biphenyl",
    "LP173539-0   2,2',5,5'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl\nPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of organic compounds with 1 to 10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl and a general chemical formula of C12 H10-x Clx. Most of the 209 congeners of PCB are colorless, odorless crystals. The commercial mixtures are clear viscous liquids (the more highly chlorinated mixtures are more viscous, for example, Aroclor 1260 is a sticky resin). Although the physical and chemical properties vary widely across the class, PCBs have low water solubilities and low vapor pressures. They are soluble in most organic solvents, oils, and fats. PCBs are very stable compounds and do not degrade readily. However, under specific conditions they may be destroyed by chemical, thermal, and biochemical processes. These processes may occur intentionally (e.g., incineration), unintentionally, or metabolically. Because of their high thermodynamic stability, all degradation mechanisms are difficult.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Polychlorinated biphenyl",
    "LP174444-2   2,2',3,5'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl\nPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of organic compounds with 1 to 10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl and a general chemical formula of C12 H10-x Clx. Most of the 209 congeners of PCB are colorless, odorless crystals. The commercial mixtures are clear viscous liquids (the more highly chlorinated mixtures are more viscous, for example, Aroclor 1260 is a sticky resin). Although the physical and chemical properties vary widely across the class, PCBs have low water solubilities and low vapor pressures. They are soluble in most organic solvents, oils, and fats. PCBs are very stable compounds and do not degrade readily. However, under specific conditions they may be destroyed by chemical, thermal, and biochemical processes. These processes may occur intentionally (e.g., incineration), unintentionally, or metabolically. Because of their high thermodynamic stability, all degradation mechanisms are difficult.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Polychlorinated biphenyl",
    "LP174445-9   2,2',4,4',5,5'-Hexachlorobiphenyl\nPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of organic compounds with 1 to 10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl and a general chemical formula of C12 H10-x Clx. Most of the 209 congeners of PCB are colorless, odorless crystals. The commercial mixtures are clear viscous liquids (the more highly chlorinated mixtures are more viscous, for example, Aroclor 1260 is a sticky resin). Although the physical and chemical properties vary widely across the class, PCBs have low water solubilities and low vapor pressures. They are soluble in most organic solvents, oils, and fats. PCBs are very stable compounds and do not degrade readily. However, under specific conditions they may be destroyed by chemical, thermal, and biochemical processes. These processes may occur intentionally (e.g., incineration), unintentionally, or metabolically. Because of their high thermodynamic stability, all degradation mechanisms are difficult.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Polychlorinated biphenyl",
    "LP17689-8   Erythrocyte mean corpuscular hemoglobin\nThe mean corpuscular hemoglobin, or \"mean cell hemoglobin\" (MCH), is the average mass of hemoglobin per red blood cell in a blood sample. It is decreased in hypochromic anemias, and increased in hyperchromic anemias. MCH is obtained by dividing the total mass of hemoglobin by the number of red blood cells in a volume of blood.\n\nMCH=(Hgb*10)/RBC\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, MCH",
    "LP17695-5   Erythrocyte mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration\nThe mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, or MCHC, is a measure of the concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of packed red blood cell. It is reported as part of a standard complete blood count.\n\nIt is calculated by dividing the hemoglobin by the hematocrit. Reference ranges for blood tests are 32 to 36 g/dl, or between 19-20 to 22 mmol/L.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, MCHC",
    "LP17698-9   Erythrocyte distribution width\nRed Cell Distribution Width (RDW) is a measurement of anisocytosis. RDW is elevated in iron deficiency anemia and beta thalassemia major and usually normal in beta thalassemia minor. RDW has also been shown to be significantly increased in pregnant women during gestational week 34 through labor onset. Information from Laboratory Test Handbook, Jacobs DS, DeMott WR,Oxley DK;LexiComp,2001.\nSource: Regenstrief Institute",
    "LP17773-0   Service comment\nService comment terms (Service comment, Service comment 02, Service comment 03, etc.) were requested by a lab to use as an OBX lab result message for user-defined text results.\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC",
    "LP17863-9   Chlorpyrifos\nChlorpyrifos is an amber to white crystalline broad spectrum organophosphate and cholinesterase inhibitor. It was originally developed to kill the larval stage of mosquitoes, but is now used to treat cutworms, corn rootworms, cockroaches, grubs, flea beetles, flies, termites, fire ants, and lice found on crops such as cotton, fruit, nuts, vegetables, as well as lawns and ornamental plants. Chlorpyrifos can also be applied directly on sheep, turkeys, in dog kennels, domestic dwellings, farm buildings, and storage bins. It is moderately poisonous to humans causing skin and eye irritation. If chlorpyrifos is absorbed through the skin, inhaled, or ingested, systemic intoxication from the inhibition of cholinesterase activity has been known to occur. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has determined that chlorpyrifos does not affect human reproduction, is not teratogenic, is not mutagenic, and is not carcinogenic. Chlorpyrifos is toxic to birds, freshwater fish, aquatic invertebrates, and estuarine and marine organisms. Chlorpyrifos can be extremely toxic to wildlife and honeybees.[http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/extoxnet/carbaryl-dicrotophos/chlorpyrifos-ext.html]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC",
    "LP18005-6   Organophosphate pesticides\nOrganophosphate pesticides are commonly used insecticides in agriculture and public health applications. Although organophosphates are beneficial for killing a broad variety of insects, human overexposure to this pesticide can cause neurological dysfunction and excess acetylcholine in both the peripheral and central nervous system. Overexposure to an organophosphate pesticide is typically caused by inhalation, dermal contact, or ingestion of contaminated foods. Once in the human body, 75% of the organophosphorous pesticide is metabolized into dialkyl phosphorous. Urinary dialkyl phosphorous metabolite levels can be monitored to determine recent exposure to organophosphate pesticides. [CDC:biomonitoring/OP-DPM_BiomonitoringSummary]\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC, Pesticides (Wikipedia)",
    "LP18884-4   Aldrin\nAldrin is a chlorinated cyclodiene insecticide that was used to control insects living in the soil including termites, corn rootworm, wireworms, rice water weevils, and grasshoppers. Aldrin was one of the most widely used insecticides in the United States and was used to protect corn, potatoes and wooden structures. Production of aldrin was halted in 1974 and importation into the United States ended in 1987. It is banned in many countries and restricted in many others. Symptoms of toxicity in humans include: headache, dizziness, nausea, malaise, vomiting, muscle twitching, myoclonic jerks and convulsions.[http://www.popstoolkit.com/about/chemical/aldrin.aspx][https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-09/documents/support_cc1_aldrin-dieldrin_healtheffects.pdf]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC",
    "LP189445-2   Ghrelin\nGhrelin is a 28-amino-acid peptide known as the \"hunger hormone\" and produced by ghrelin cells in the gastrointestinal tract where it has an important physiological effect on gastric acid secretion and gastrointestinal motility. [PMID: 20798855] Ghrelin acts on hypothalamic brain cells to increase hunger and increase gastric acid secretion and gastrointestinal motility to prepare the body for food intake. [PMID: 10766253] In clinical studies related to energy and glucose metabolism, ghrelin is often measured. Defective ghrelin signaling from the stomach could contribute to abnormalities in energy balance, growth, and associated gastrointestinal and neuroendocrine functions. [PMID: 15003990]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC",
    "LP189793-5   Sex assigned\nThe sex that was assigned and recorded on the birth certificate at the time of an individual's birth.\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC, WHO: gender",
    "LP19201-0   Polybrominated biphenyl\nPolybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), also called brominated biphenyls or polybromobiphenyls, are a group of manufactured chemicals, of the polyhalogenated compounds.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Polybrominated biphenyl",
    "LP19488-3   Leptin\nHuman Leptin, the 167 amino acid protein hormone of the ob gene, is secreted by adipose tissue and its levels generally correlate with the basal mass index (BMI). As BMI increases so does leptin level. Leptin is used for body mass and energy expenditure, but is also involved as a regulatory molecule in lipid metabolism, hematopoiesis, insulin action, reproductive function, immune function, and angiogenesis. In approximately five percent of the population, the leptin level does not reflect the BMI.\nSource: Regenstrief Institute",
    "LP19507-0   Gestational age\nThe age of the conceptus, beginning from the time of fertilization. In clinical obstetrics, the gestational age is often estimated as the time from the last day of the last menstruation which is about 2 weeks before ovulation and fertilization.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006",
    "LP203650-9   EYE.PX.NEI\nDeveloped in collaboration with the National Institute of Health's National Eye Institute (NEI) as part of an effort to standardize the data elements collected by the National Ophthalmic Disease Genotyping and Phenotyping Network (eyeGENE).\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC",
    "LP21258-6   Oxygen saturation\nOxygen saturation (sO2) is defined as the ratio of oxyhemoglobin to \"active\" hemoglobin (oxyhemoglobin + deoxyhemoglobin). Some say the term oxygen saturation has been erroneously redefined with a denominator of \"total\" instead of \"active\" hemoglobin, an ambiguity that can sometimes create confusion when viewing reported values from different instruments (Anesth Analg. 2007 Dec;105(6 Suppl):S5-9.) Oxygen saturation is commonly measured by blood gas analyzers and pulse oximetry.\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC",
    "LP241886-3   Bone age\nBone age is the measurement of a child's physical maturity using measurements of the skeletal system. Typically, bone age is measured in a child under 18 using an x-ray of the hand and wrist. Once a child is 18 or older, measurements using an x-ray of the clavicle is required. Dental age can also be used to determine bone age and provides additional information regarding the maturity of the skeletal system as a whole.\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC",
    "LP29151-5   Neutrophils.segmented\nNeutrophil granulocytes, generally referred to as neutrophils, are the most abundant type of white blood cells in mammals. They belong to the polymorphonuclear cell family (PMNs) together with basophils and eosinophils.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Segemented neutrophils",
    "LP30350-0   Tooth aspect - fluorosis\nTypes of tissue in teeth In Humans Enamel is a hard outer layer consisting primarily of calcium and phosphate.Dentin is the inner layer, the bulk of the tooth.Pulp is the core, containing nerves and blood vessels.Cementum is the thin layer around the root; a bone -like material which connects the teeth to the jaw. In Aardvarks Teeth lack enamel and have many pulp tubules, hence the name of the order Tubulidentata.Teeth (singular, tooth) are structures found in the jaws of many vertebrates. The primary function of teeth is to tear and chew food, and in some animals, particularly carnivores, for fighting and, or defense. The roots of the teeth are covered by gums. The protective enamel covers the teeth and helps prevent cavities. Adult teeth naturally darken with age as the pulp within the tooth shrinks and dentin is deposited in its place. Teeth are among the most distinctive features of mammal species and fossils as well.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Tooth (Wikipedia)",
    "LP31534-8   Study report\nDocument that is generated in response to a request.\nSource: Regenstrief Institute",
    "LP31553-8   Cystatin C\nCystatin C is a miniscule protein that is secreted by all cells containing a nucleus. Cystatin C is usually filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and broken down without being excreted in the urine. Because cystatin C is supposed to be processed by the kidneys, an excess amount of cystatin C could be a sign of kidney disease/malfunction. Cystatin C content in the blood can be tested as an alternative method to testing creatinine in evaluating kidney function. Furthermore, a low blood cystatin C concentration could indicate arthritis, atherosclerosis, aortic aneurism, emphysema, and cancer. [PMID: 24570004] [Lab Tests Online:cystatin-c/tab/test]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC",
    "LP35925-4   Body mass index\nAn indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of BODY WEIGHT to BODY HEIGHT. BMI=weight (kg)/height squared (m2). BMI correlates with body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE). Their relationship varies with age and gender. For adults, BMI falls into these categories: below 18.5 (underweight); 18.5-24.9 (normal); 25.0-29.9 (overweight); 30.0 and above (obese). (National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006",
    "LP61813-9   Adiponectin\nA 30-kDa COMPLEMENT C1Q-related protein, the most abundant gene product secreted by FAT CELLS of the white ADIPOSE TISSUE. Adiponectin modulates several physiological processes, such as metabolism of GLUCOSE and FATTY ACIDS, and immune responses. Decreased plasma adiponectin levels are associated with INSULIN RESISTANCE; TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS; OBESITY; and ATHEROSCLEROSIS.\nSource: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006",
    "LP64601-5   Diameter.biparietal\nThe biparietal diameter (BPD) measurement, using outer-to-outer caliper positioning, is dependent on the head shape of the fetus (using the cephalic index). Due to inaccuracies that can occur with this measurement, the BPD is no longer routinely used for gestational age estimation or determining the appropriateness of fetal size later in pregnancy. Head circumference is the preferred method for measuring fetal head size. [PMID: 25044000]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC",
    "LP70910-2   Perimeter\nPerimeter is the measurement of any boundary. Measurements of the area and perimeter of fetal cross-sections have been found to establish both an accurate estimation of birthweight and an early diagnosis and differentiation of the various types of abnormal fetal growth patterns. For example, abdominal perimeter measurements are an effective predictor of discordant twins where the weight difference between the two exceeds 15%.\n[PMID: 103914] [PMID: 3309749]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC",
    "LP7218-3   Eye\nThe \"Eye\" System in LOINC is a broad concept that includes all parts of the eye, including ocular fluid (aqueous and vitreous), cornea, and conjunctiva.\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC",
    "LP72219-6   Vital capacity\nVital capacity (VC) is the largest volume a patient can exhale after a full inhalation, and forced vital capacity (FVC) is the largest volume a patient can exhale with maximum effort after a full inhalation. In people without lung disease, VC and FVC are essentially the same. However, in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), FVC may be less than VC due to airway resistance, small airway collapse and gas trapping. The difference between VC and FVC is associated with degree of airflow limitation as well as exercise tolerance in patients with COPD. [PMID: 24507622]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC",
    "LP72220-4   Forced vital capacity\nForced vital capacity (FVC) is the volume of air that can forcibly be blown out after full inspiration, measured in liters. FVC is the most basic maneuver in spirometry tests.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Wikipedia",
    "LP72437-4   Diagnosis\nThe end result of a diagnostic process that identifies a disease.\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC",
    "LP72877-1   Highest level of education\nThe highest level of education attained.\nSource: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention",
    "LP74249-1   Procedure note\nProcedure note is a broad term that encompasses many specific types of non-operative procedures including interventional cardiology, interventional radiology, gastrointestinal endoscopy, osteopathic manipulation, and many other specialty fields. Procedure Notes are differentiated from Operative Notes in that the procedures documented do not involve incision or excision as the primary act. The Procedure Note is created immediately following a non-operative procedure and records the indications for the procedure and, when applicable, post-procedure diagnosis, pertinent events of the procedure, and the patient's tolerance of the procedure.\nSource: HL7",
    "LP7565-7   Saliva\nSaliva is produced primarily by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. It is secreted at the rate of 0-3 milliliters per minute which is affected by various factors including anxiety, hydration and hunger. Oral fluid is broadly used to test for drugs of abuse in employment and forensic settings, and is especially useful since it is difficult to adulterate, is quick and is non-invasive. Oral fluid is used to test a variety of analytes, including to test alcohol, HIV and other antibodies, therapeutic drugs and steroids, but its primary use is to test for drugs of abuse including amphetamines, cocaine and metabolites, opioids, methadone, cannabis and heroin. [PMID: 17268583]\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC",
    "LP76210-1   Expiratory gas flow.max\nPeak expiratory flow (PEF) is the maximal flow (or speed) achieved during the maximally forced expiration initiated at full expiration, measured in liters per minute.\nCopyright\nText is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details.\nSource: Wikipedia, Wikipedia",
    "LP96294-1   Intraocular pressure\nIntraocular pressure (IOP) is the fluid pressure inside the eye. Tonometry is the method eye care professionals use to determine the IOP. IOP is an important aspect in the evaluation of patients at risk for glaucoma. Most tonometers are calibrated to measure pressure in millimeters of mercury (mmHg).\nSource: Regenstrief LOINC",
    "MSH",
    "NCI",
    "NCI Metathesaurus",
    "NCI Thesaurus",
    "NCI Thesaurus : NCI Thesaurus : NCI Thesaurus : NCI Thesaurus",
    "NCI Thesaurus : NCI Thesaurus : NCI Thesaurus : NCI Thesaurus : NCI Thesaurus",
    "NCI Thesaurus : NCI Thesaurus : NCI Thesaurus : NCI Thesaurus : NCI Thesaurus : NCI Thesaurus",
    "NCI caDSR",
    "NCIT",
    "NCIt",
    "NEI",
    "NHLBI",
    "NHLBI CONNECTS ID",
    "NHLBI ID",
    "NHLBI Sickle Cell",
    "NICHD",
    "NICHD NBSTRN Krabbe Disease",
    "NICHD Variable Name",
    "NIDA",
    "NIMHD Research Framework.  https://www.nimhd.nih.gov/about/overview/research-framework/nimhd-framework.html",
    "NINDS",
    "NINDS CDISC",
    "NINDS Preclinical TBI",
    "NINDS Variable Name",
    "NINDS caDSR",
    "NINR",
    "NINR Social Determinants of Health",
    "NLM",
    "National Longitudinal Survey  https://www.nlsinfo.org/content/cohorts/nlsy79-children/topical-guide/household/age",
    "ONC",
    "PROMIS / Neuro-QOL",
    "Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information (PROMIS)  \r\nhttps://www.healthmeasures.net/index.php?option=com_instruments&task=downloadComponentFile&file=PROMIS%20Scale%20v1.2%20-%20Global%20Health%20Physical%202a%2009062016.pdf",
    "PhenX - Current Employment Status https://www.phenxtoolkit.org/protocols/view/11301  (Adapted-used parental instead of maternal, and family leave added with paid/unpaid)",
    "PhenX - Current Employment Status https://www.phenxtoolkit.org/protocols/view/11301  (Adapted-used parental instead of maternal, and family leave added with paid/unpaid)    www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/datasets.html",
    "PhenX Health Insurance Coverage https://www.phenxtoolkit.org/protocols/view/11502",
    "PhenX Protocol - Biological Sex Assigned at Birth   https://www.phenxtoolkit.org/protocols/view/11601\r\nAll of Us Research Program, Participant Provided Information (PPI), 2018",
    "PhenX Toolkit - English Proficiency  https://www.phenxtoolkit.org/protocols/view/270201                                                                               \r\n\r\nRegents of the University of California. (2019). CHIS 2018 Adult Questionnaire, question number “QA18_G8” is represented in this protocol as question 1. Retrieved from http://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/chis/design/Pages/questionnairesEnglish.aspx",
    "PhenX – Birthplace  https://www.phenxtoolkit.org/protocols/view/10201 ADAPTED-Territories with US; instead of separate    \r\nSource for PhenX : American Community Survey (ACS), 2008",
    "Project 5 (COVID-19)",
    "RADx-UP",
    "RADx-UP Variable",
    "SBE CCC",
    "SNOMED",
    "SNOMEDCT",
    "SNOMEDCT_US",
    "ScHARE Program - Core Common Data Elements Working group.",
    "ScHARe",
    "ScHARe working group preference based on potential classifications in 2030 census (see References)",
    "Social, Behavioral, and Economic COVID Coordinating Center (SBE CCC)",
    "Source: Protocol for Responding to and Assessing Patients' Assets, Risks, and Experiences (PRAPARE) tool (Adapted-internet, housing, transportation added to question #14) Housing and transportation is included in survey.  https://prapare.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/PRAPARE-English.pdf \r\n\r\nU.S. Census Bureau, 2015 and 2016 American Community Survey – Internet/Broadband https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2018/acs/ACS-39.pdf",
    "TEST",
    "UMLS",
    "Unknown",
    "Women's CRN",
    "caDSR",
    "chrome-extension: //efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/file:///C:/Users/durande/Downloads/natscev_yrs%20(2).pdf (ques #1)"
  ],
  "location_descriptions": {
    "ids_source": "IDs Array - Source field",
    "permissibleValues_codeSystemName": "Permissible Values - Code System Name",
    "permissibleValues_conceptSource": "Permissible Values - Concept Source",
    "dataElementConcept_origin": "Data Element Concept - Origin",
    "property_origin": "Property - Origin",
    "objectClass_origin": "Object Class - Origin",
    "stewardOrg_name": "Steward Organization - Name",
    "sources_sourceName": "Sources Array - Source Name",
    "valueDomain_identifiers": "Value Domain - Identifiers"
  }
}