diff --git a/.changeset/calm-errors-listen.md b/.changeset/calm-errors-listen.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8dac6103b75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/calm-errors-listen.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+'@tanstack/react-router': patch
+'@tanstack/router-core': patch
+'@tanstack/solid-router': patch
+'@tanstack/vue-router': patch
+---
+
+Handle arbitrary thrown values in router error boundaries and type caught errors as `unknown`.
diff --git a/docs/router/api/router/RouterOptionsType.md b/docs/router/api/router/RouterOptionsType.md
index 709d08c621a..7a52e622413 100644
--- a/docs/router/api/router/RouterOptionsType.md
+++ b/docs/router/api/router/RouterOptionsType.md
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ The `RouterOptions` type accepts an object with the following properties and met
 
 ### `defaultOnCatch` property
 
-- Type: `(error: Error, errorInfo: ErrorInfo) => void`
+- Type: `(error: unknown, errorInfo: ErrorInfo) => void`
 - Optional
 - The default `onCatch` handler for errors caught by the Router ErrorBoundary
 
diff --git a/docs/router/guide/data-loading.md b/docs/router/guide/data-loading.md
index 26a82eaad68..1a67de33696 100644
--- a/docs/router/guide/data-loading.md
+++ b/docs/router/guide/data-loading.md
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ The `routeOptions.onCatch` option is a function that is called whenever an error
 ```tsx
 // src/routes/posts.tsx
 export const Route = createFileRoute('/posts')({
-  onCatch: ({ error, errorInfo }) => {
+  onCatch: (error) => {
     // Log the error
     console.error(error)
   },
@@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ export const Route = createFileRoute('/posts')({
 
 The `routeOptions.errorComponent` option is a component that is rendered when an error occurs during the route loading or rendering lifecycle. It is rendered with the following props:
 
-- `error` - The error that occurred
+- `error` - The unknown value that was thrown
 - `reset` - A function to reset the internal `CatchBoundary`
 
 ```tsx
@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ export const Route = createFileRoute('/posts')({
   loader: () => fetchPosts(),
   errorComponent: ({ error }) => {
     // Render an error message
-    return <div>{error.message}</div>
+    return <div>{error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}</div>
   },
 })
 ```
@@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ export const Route = createFileRoute('/posts')({
   errorComponent: ({ error, reset }) => {
     return (
       <div>
-        {error.message}
+        {error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}
         <button
           onClick={() => {
             // Reset the router error boundary
@@ -630,7 +630,7 @@ export const Route = createFileRoute('/posts')({
 
     return (
       <div>
-        {error.message}
+        {error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}
         <button
           onClick={() => {
             // Invalidate the route to reload the loader, which will also reset the error boundary
diff --git a/packages/react-router/src/CatchBoundary.tsx b/packages/react-router/src/CatchBoundary.tsx
index f55a250ab1d..1015a9e116e 100644
--- a/packages/react-router/src/CatchBoundary.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-router/src/CatchBoundary.tsx
@@ -9,29 +9,30 @@ export class CatchBoundary extends React.Component<{
   getResetKey: () => unknown
   children: React.ReactNode
   errorComponent?: ErrorRouteComponent
-  onCatch?: (error: Error, errorInfo: ErrorInfo) => void
+  onCatch?: (error: unknown, errorInfo: ErrorInfo) => void
 }> {
-  state = { error: null } as { error: Error | null; resetKey?: unknown }
+  // Wrapping caught values keeps every possible thrown value truthy.
+  state = { error: 0 } as { error: [unknown] | 0; resetKey?: unknown }
 
   static getDerivedStateFromProps(
     props: { getResetKey: () => unknown },
-    state: { resetKey?: unknown; error: Error | null },
+    state: { resetKey?: unknown; error: [unknown] | 0 },
   ) {
     const resetKey = props.getResetKey()
 
     if (state.error && state.resetKey !== resetKey) {
-      return { resetKey, error: null }
+      return { resetKey, error: 0 }
     }
 
     return { resetKey }
   }
-  static getDerivedStateFromError(error: Error) {
-    return { error }
+  static getDerivedStateFromError(error: unknown) {
+    return { error: [error] }
   }
   reset = () => {
-    this.setState({ error: null })
+    this.setState({ error: 0 })
   }
-  componentDidCatch(error: Error, errorInfo: ErrorInfo) {
+  componentDidCatch(error: unknown, errorInfo: ErrorInfo) {
     this.props.onCatch?.(error, errorInfo)
   }
   render() {
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ export class CatchBoundary extends React.Component<{
       const element = React.createElement(
         this.props.errorComponent ?? ErrorComponent,
         {
-          error,
+          error: error[0],
           reset: this.reset,
         },
       )
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ export class CatchBoundary extends React.Component<{
   }
 }
 
-export function ErrorComponent({ error }: { error: any }) {
+export function ErrorComponent({ error }: { error: unknown }) {
   const [show, setShow] = React.useState(process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production')
 
   return (
@@ -88,7 +89,9 @@ export function ErrorComponent({ error }: { error: any }) {
               overflow: 'auto',
             }}
           >
-            {error.message ? <code>{error.message}</code> : null}
+            {(error as { message?: string } | null)?.message ? (
+              <code>{(error as { message: string }).message}</code>
+            ) : null}
           </pre>
         </div>
       ) : null}
diff --git a/packages/react-router/src/Match.tsx b/packages/react-router/src/Match.tsx
index a0bfa89d552..97b8f795892 100644
--- a/packages/react-router/src/Match.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-router/src/Match.tsx
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ export const MatchInner = React.memo(function MatchInnerImpl({
         ErrorComponent
       const errorElement = (
         <RouteErrorComponent
-          error={match.error as any}
+          error={match.error}
           reset={undefined as any}
           info={{
             componentStack: '',
diff --git a/packages/react-router/src/Matches.tsx b/packages/react-router/src/Matches.tsx
index cada2373ff9..576c40a16fe 100644
--- a/packages/react-router/src/Matches.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-router/src/Matches.tsx
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ function MatchesInner() {
                   console.warn(
                     `Warning: The following error wasn't caught by any route! At the very least, consider setting an 'errorComponent' in your RootRoute!`,
                   )
-                  console.warn(`Warning: ${error.message || error.toString()}`)
+                  console.warn('Warning:', error)
                 }
               : undefined
           }
diff --git a/packages/react-router/src/not-found.tsx b/packages/react-router/src/not-found.tsx
index ce3a04c7486..458a30520b0 100644
--- a/packages/react-router/src/not-found.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-router/src/not-found.tsx
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import type { NotFoundError } from '@tanstack/router-core'
 
 export function CatchNotFound(props: {
   fallback?: (error: NotFoundError) => React.ReactElement
-  onCatch?: (error: Error, errorInfo: ErrorInfo) => void
+  onCatch?: (error: NotFoundError, errorInfo: ErrorInfo) => void
   children: React.ReactNode
 }) {
   const router = useRouter()
diff --git a/packages/react-router/src/router.ts b/packages/react-router/src/router.ts
index 178eace31bd..de5e89a9fbc 100644
--- a/packages/react-router/src/router.ts
+++ b/packages/react-router/src/router.ts
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ declare module '@tanstack/router-core' {
      * @link [API Docs](https://tanstack.com/router/latest/docs/framework/react/api/router/RouterOptionsType#defaultoncatch-property)
      * @link [Guide](https://tanstack.com/router/latest/docs/framework/react/guide/data-loading#handling-errors-with-routeoptionsoncatch)
      */
-    defaultOnCatch?: (error: Error, errorInfo: React.ErrorInfo) => void
+    defaultOnCatch?: (error: unknown, errorInfo: React.ErrorInfo) => void
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/react-router/tests/errorComponent.test.tsx b/packages/react-router/tests/errorComponent.test.tsx
index b5ee4b6709c..6ad5a4e4a26 100644
--- a/packages/react-router/tests/errorComponent.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-router/tests/errorComponent.test.tsx
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, test, vi } from 'vitest'
 import { act, cleanup, fireEvent, render, screen } from '@testing-library/react'
 
 import {
+  CatchBoundary,
   HeadContent,
   Link,
   Outlet,
@@ -23,7 +24,11 @@ import {
 import type { ErrorComponentProps, RouterHistory } from '../src'
 
 function MyErrorComponent(props: ErrorComponentProps) {
-  return <div>Error: {props.error.message}</div>
+  return <div>Error: {getErrorMessage(props.error)}</div>
+}
+
+function getErrorMessage(error: unknown) {
+  return error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)
 }
 
 async function asyncToThrowFn() {
@@ -324,7 +329,9 @@ test('ancestor route errorComponent resets when a background child generation re
   let loaderCalls = 0
   const rootRoute = createRootRoute({
     component: Outlet,
-    errorComponent: ({ error }) => <div>Ancestor error: {error.message}</div>,
+    errorComponent: ({ error }) => (
+      <div>Ancestor error: {getErrorMessage(error)}</div>
+    ),
   })
   const childRoute = createRoute({
     getParentRoute: () => rootRoute,
@@ -422,6 +429,62 @@ test('errorComponent receives primitive errors thrown from beforeLoad', async ()
   expect(screen.queryByText('About route content')).not.toBeInTheDocument()
 })
 
+test.each([
+  ['false', false],
+  ['zero', 0],
+  ['negative zero', -0],
+  ['bigint zero', 0n],
+  ['empty string', ''],
+  ['null', null],
+  ['undefined', undefined],
+  ['NaN', NaN],
+] as const)('CatchBoundary renders falsy thrown value %s', (_, thrown) => {
+  vi.spyOn(console, 'error').mockImplementation(() => {})
+  const onCatch = vi.fn()
+
+  function ThrowFalsy(): never {
+    throw thrown
+  }
+
+  render(
+    <CatchBoundary
+      getResetKey={() => 0}
+      errorComponent={({ error }) => (
+        <div>{Object.is(error, thrown) ? 'Caught value' : 'Wrong value'}</div>
+      )}
+      onCatch={onCatch}
+    >
+      <ThrowFalsy />
+    </CatchBoundary>,
+  )
+
+  expect(screen.getByText('Caught value')).toBeInTheDocument()
+  expect(screen.queryByText('Wrong value')).not.toBeInTheDocument()
+  expect(onCatch).toHaveBeenCalledWith(thrown, expect.anything())
+})
+
+test.each([
+  ['null', null],
+  ['undefined', undefined],
+] as const)('default error UI renders thrown %s', async (_, thrown) => {
+  vi.spyOn(console, 'error').mockImplementation(() => {})
+  vi.spyOn(console, 'warn').mockImplementation(() => {})
+
+  function ThrowFalsy(): never {
+    throw thrown
+  }
+
+  const rootRoute = createRootRoute({ component: ThrowFalsy })
+  const router = createRouter({
+    routeTree: rootRoute,
+    history: createMemoryHistory({ initialEntries: ['/'] }),
+  })
+
+  render(<RouterProvider router={router} />)
+
+  expect(await screen.findByText('Something went wrong!')).toBeInTheDocument()
+})
+
 test.each(['beforeLoad', 'loader'] as const)(
   'a Promise synchronously thrown from %s renders the route error UI',
   async (hook) => {
@@ -736,7 +799,9 @@ test('#4684: SSR renders head content when beforeLoad throws', async () => {
     component: function FailingRoute() {
       return <div>Route content</div>
     },
-    errorComponent: ({ error }) => <div>Error UI: {error.message}</div>,
+    errorComponent: ({ error }) => (
+      <div>Error UI: {getErrorMessage(error)}</div>
+    ),
   })
 
   const handler = createRequestHandler({
diff --git a/packages/react-router/tests/issue-4476-react-query-cancellation.test.tsx b/packages/react-router/tests/issue-4476-react-query-cancellation.test.tsx
index 039608ffb2a..824fcc1fb78 100644
--- a/packages/react-router/tests/issue-4476-react-query-cancellation.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-router/tests/issue-4476-react-query-cancellation.test.tsx
@@ -77,7 +77,11 @@ test('#4476: pending navigation keeps the query observer mounted and its fetchQu
     },
     errorComponent: ({ error }) => {
       routeError(error)
-      return <div data-testid="page-two-error">{error.name}</div>
+      return (
+        <div data-testid="page-two-error">
+          {error instanceof Error ? error.name : String(error)}
+        </div>
+      )
     },
     component: () => {
       const { data } = pageTwoRoute.useRouteContext()
diff --git a/packages/react-router/tests/issue-6107-lazy-chunk-error-component.test.tsx b/packages/react-router/tests/issue-6107-lazy-chunk-error-component.test.tsx
index 22440fe1190..138e7f5716f 100644
--- a/packages/react-router/tests/issue-6107-lazy-chunk-error-component.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-router/tests/issue-6107-lazy-chunk-error-component.test.tsx
@@ -59,7 +59,11 @@ test('#6107: lazy chunk hover failure is non-fatal and navigation renders defaul
     defaultPreloadDelay: 0,
     defaultErrorComponent: ({ error }) => {
       defaultErrorRendered(error)
-      return <div data-testid="default-error">{error.message}</div>
+      return (
+        <div data-testid="default-error">
+          {error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}
+        </div>
+      )
     },
   })
   const preloadRoute = vi.spyOn(router, 'preloadRoute')
diff --git a/packages/react-router/tests/issue-6371-search-default-normalization-abort.test.tsx b/packages/react-router/tests/issue-6371-search-default-normalization-abort.test.tsx
index 7698d117a6a..836ff045bc4 100644
--- a/packages/react-router/tests/issue-6371-search-default-normalization-abort.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-router/tests/issue-6371-search-default-normalization-abort.test.tsx
@@ -73,7 +73,11 @@ test('#6371: initial search defaults produce one live canonical loader', async (
     ),
     errorComponent: ({ error }) => {
       errorComponentRendered(error)
-      return <div data-testid="about-error">{error.message}</div>
+      return (
+        <div data-testid="about-error">
+          {error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}
+        </div>
+      )
     },
   })
   const history = createMemoryHistory({ initialEntries: ['/about'] })
diff --git a/packages/react-router/tests/issue-7635-error-head-after-navigation.test.tsx b/packages/react-router/tests/issue-7635-error-head-after-navigation.test.tsx
index 56aed7b375d..23bc0aa5f37 100644
--- a/packages/react-router/tests/issue-7635-error-head-after-navigation.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-router/tests/issue-7635-error-head-after-navigation.test.tsx
@@ -63,7 +63,11 @@ test('#7635: a parent beforeLoad error replaces the previous child title', async
     component: Outlet,
     errorComponent: ({ error }) => {
       appErrorRendered(error)
-      return <div data-testid="app-error">{error.message}</div>
+      return (
+        <div data-testid="app-error">
+          {error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}
+        </div>
+      )
     },
   })
   const childRoute = createRoute({
diff --git a/packages/react-router/tests/issue-7638-invalidate-transition-error.test.tsx b/packages/react-router/tests/issue-7638-invalidate-transition-error.test.tsx
index 9f1c0eec3f5..e80f073896f 100644
--- a/packages/react-router/tests/issue-7638-invalidate-transition-error.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-router/tests/issue-7638-invalidate-transition-error.test.tsx
@@ -95,7 +95,14 @@ function setup({ failVia }: { failVia: 'render' | 'loader' }) {
     history: createMemoryHistory({ initialEntries: ['/test'] }),
     defaultErrorComponent: (props: ErrorComponentProps) => {
       errorRenders++
-      return <div data-testid="error-ui">error: {props.error.message}</div>
+      return (
+        <div data-testid="error-ui">
+          error:{' '}
+          {props.error instanceof Error
+            ? props.error.message
+            : String(props.error)}
+        </div>
+      )
     },
   })
 
diff --git a/packages/react-router/tests/lazy/error.tsx b/packages/react-router/tests/lazy/error.tsx
index 6ef7036e33f..271f6a058ec 100644
--- a/packages/react-router/tests/lazy/error.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-router/tests/lazy/error.tsx
@@ -3,6 +3,10 @@ import { createLazyRoute } from '../../src'
 export function Route(id: string) {
   return createLazyRoute(id)({
     component: () => <div>About route content</div>,
-    errorComponent: ({ error }) => <div>Lazy Error: {error.message}</div>,
+    errorComponent: ({ error }) => (
+      <div>
+        Lazy Error: {error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}
+      </div>
+    ),
   })
 }
diff --git a/packages/react-router/tests/loaders.test.tsx b/packages/react-router/tests/loaders.test.tsx
index 6859b963e25..b96931d61ae 100644
--- a/packages/react-router/tests/loaders.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-router/tests/loaders.test.tsx
@@ -922,7 +922,9 @@ test('reproducer for #6388 - rapid navigation between parameterized routes shoul
       errorComponentRenderCount(error)
       return (
         <div data-testid="error-component">
-          Error Component: {error.message} | Name: {error.name}
+          Error Component:{' '}
+          {error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)} | Name:{' '}
+          {error instanceof Error ? error.name : typeof error}
         </div>
       )
     },
diff --git a/packages/react-router/tests/redirect.test.tsx b/packages/react-router/tests/redirect.test.tsx
index 3cd6a3d88f4..ea8cd30dd44 100644
--- a/packages/react-router/tests/redirect.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-router/tests/redirect.test.tsx
@@ -28,6 +28,10 @@ import type { RouterHistory } from '../src'
 
 let history: RouterHistory
 
+function getErrorMessage(error: unknown) {
+  return error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)
+}
+
 beforeEach(() => {
   history = createBrowserHistory()
   expect(window.location.pathname).toBe('/')
@@ -95,7 +99,7 @@ describe('redirect', () => {
           })
         },
         errorComponent: ({ error }) => (
-          <div data-testid="source-error">{error.message}</div>
+          <div data-testid="source-error">{getErrorMessage(error)}</div>
         ),
       })
       const targetRoute = createRoute({
@@ -132,7 +136,7 @@ describe('redirect', () => {
       })
       const rootRoute = createRootRoute({
         errorComponent: ({ error }) => (
-          <div data-testid="root-error">Root: {error.message}</div>
+          <div data-testid="root-error">Root: {getErrorMessage(error)}</div>
         ),
       })
       const indexRoute = createRoute({
@@ -140,7 +144,7 @@ describe('redirect', () => {
         path: '/',
         loader,
         errorComponent: ({ error }) => (
-          <div data-testid="index-error">Index: {error.message}</div>
+          <div data-testid="index-error">Index: {getErrorMessage(error)}</div>
         ),
       })
       const router = createRouter({
@@ -168,7 +172,7 @@ describe('redirect', () => {
       })
       const rootRoute = createRootRoute({
         errorComponent: ({ error }) => (
-          <div data-testid="root-error">Root: {error.message}</div>
+          <div data-testid="root-error">Root: {getErrorMessage(error)}</div>
         ),
       })
       const indexRoute = createRoute({
@@ -176,7 +180,7 @@ describe('redirect', () => {
         path: '/',
         loader: indexLoader,
         errorComponent: ({ error }) => (
-          <div data-testid="index-error">Index: {error.message}</div>
+          <div data-testid="index-error">Index: {getErrorMessage(error)}</div>
         ),
       })
       const otherRoute = createRoute({
@@ -184,7 +188,7 @@ describe('redirect', () => {
         path: '/other',
         loader: otherLoader,
         errorComponent: ({ error }) => (
-          <div data-testid="other-error">Other: {error.message}</div>
+          <div data-testid="other-error">Other: {getErrorMessage(error)}</div>
         ),
       })
       const router = createRouter({
diff --git a/packages/react-router/tests/router.test.tsx b/packages/react-router/tests/router.test.tsx
index 43c4d474239..926e2c3b8f6 100644
--- a/packages/react-router/tests/router.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-router/tests/router.test.tsx
@@ -1857,7 +1857,7 @@ describe('search params in URL', () => {
 
     describe.each(testCases)('search param validation', (validateSearch) => {
       it('does not throw an error when the search param is valid', async () => {
-        let errorSpy: Error | undefined
+        let errorSpy: unknown
         const rootRoute = createRootRoute({
           validateSearch,
           errorComponent: ({ error }) => {
@@ -1877,7 +1877,7 @@ describe('search params in URL', () => {
       })
 
       it('throws an error when the search param is not valid', async () => {
-        let errorSpy: Error | undefined
+        let errorSpy: unknown
         const rootRoute = createRootRoute({
           validateSearch,
           errorComponent: ({ error }) => {
@@ -1892,7 +1892,9 @@ describe('search params in URL', () => {
         await act(() => router.load())
 
         expect(errorSpy).toBeInstanceOf(SearchParamError)
-        expect(errorSpy?.cause).toBeInstanceOf(TestValidationError)
+        expect(
+          errorSpy instanceof Error ? errorSpy.cause : undefined,
+        ).toBeInstanceOf(TestValidationError)
       })
     })
   })
diff --git a/packages/router-core/src/route.ts b/packages/router-core/src/route.ts
index f2543892677..b7e36880716 100644
--- a/packages/router-core/src/route.ts
+++ b/packages/router-core/src/route.ts
@@ -1298,7 +1298,7 @@ export interface UpdatableRouteOptions<
   postSearchFilters?: Array<
     SearchFilter<ResolveFullSearchSchema<TParentRoute, TSearchValidator>>
   >
-  onCatch?: (error: Error) => void
+  onCatch?: (error: unknown) => void
   onError?: (err: any) => void
   // These functions are called as route matches are loaded, stick around and leave the active
   // matches
@@ -1601,7 +1601,7 @@ export type ErrorRouteProps = {
   reset: () => void
 }
 
-export type ErrorComponentProps<TError = Error> = {
+export type ErrorComponentProps<TError = unknown> = {
   error: TError
   info?: { componentStack: string }
   reset: () => void
diff --git a/packages/router-core/tests/errorComponentProps.test-d.ts b/packages/router-core/tests/errorComponentProps.test-d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..23df7cdcfa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/router-core/tests/errorComponentProps.test-d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import { expectTypeOf, test } from 'vitest'
+import type { ErrorComponentProps } from '../src'
+
+test('ErrorComponentProps defaults error to unknown', () => {
+  expectTypeOf<ErrorComponentProps['error']>().toEqualTypeOf<unknown>()
+  expectTypeOf<ErrorComponentProps<Error>['error']>().toEqualTypeOf<Error>()
+})
diff --git a/packages/solid-router/src/CatchBoundary.tsx b/packages/solid-router/src/CatchBoundary.tsx
index a69c4859238..c0bb6519314 100644
--- a/packages/solid-router/src/CatchBoundary.tsx
+++ b/packages/solid-router/src/CatchBoundary.tsx
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ export function CatchBoundary(
     getResetKey: () => unknown
     children: Solid.JSX.Element
     errorComponent?: ErrorRouteComponent
-    onCatch?: (error: Error) => void
+    onCatch?: (error: unknown) => void
   } & Solid.ParentProps,
 ) {
   return (
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ export function CatchBoundary(
   )
 }
 
-export function ErrorComponent({ error }: { error: any }) {
+export function ErrorComponent({ error }: { error: unknown }) {
   const [show, setShow] = Solid.createSignal(
     process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production',
   )
@@ -81,7 +81,9 @@ export function ErrorComponent({ error }: { error: any }) {
               overflow: 'auto',
             }}
           >
-            {error.message ? <code>{error.message}</code> : null}
+            {(error as { message?: string } | null)?.message ? (
+              <code>{(error as { message: string }).message}</code>
+            ) : null}
           </pre>
         </div>
       ) : null}
diff --git a/packages/solid-router/src/Match.tsx b/packages/solid-router/src/Match.tsx
index a6db669e11e..5e07eafa65d 100644
--- a/packages/solid-router/src/Match.tsx
+++ b/packages/solid-router/src/Match.tsx
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ export const Match = (props: { routeId: string }) => {
             component={routeErrorComponent() ? CatchBoundary : SafeFragment}
             getResetKey={currentMatch}
             errorComponent={routeErrorComponent() as any}
-            onCatch={(error: Error) => {
+            onCatch={(error: unknown) => {
               // Forward not found errors (we don't want to show the error component for these)
               const notFoundError = getNotFound(error)
               if (notFoundError) {
diff --git a/packages/solid-router/src/Matches.tsx b/packages/solid-router/src/Matches.tsx
index d2dd1a681ad..923f6bdda5c 100644
--- a/packages/solid-router/src/Matches.tsx
+++ b/packages/solid-router/src/Matches.tsx
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ function MatchesInner() {
                   console.warn(
                     `Warning: The following error wasn't caught by any route! At the very least, consider setting an 'errorComponent' in your RootRoute!`,
                   )
-                  console.warn(`Warning: ${error.message || error.toString()}`)
+                  console.warn('Warning:', error)
                 }
               : undefined
           }
diff --git a/packages/solid-router/src/router.ts b/packages/solid-router/src/router.ts
index 3fce7c9d75c..3b477c2bf13 100644
--- a/packages/solid-router/src/router.ts
+++ b/packages/solid-router/src/router.ts
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ declare module '@tanstack/router-core' {
      * @link [API Docs](https://tanstack.com/router/latest/docs/framework/react/api/router/RouterOptionsType#defaultoncatch-property)
      * @link [Guide](https://tanstack.com/router/latest/docs/framework/react/guide/data-loading#handling-errors-with-routeoptionsoncatch)
      */
-    defaultOnCatch?: (error: Error) => void
+    defaultOnCatch?: (error: unknown) => void
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/solid-router/tests/createLazyRoute.test.tsx b/packages/solid-router/tests/createLazyRoute.test.tsx
index 4dcbbbfc2c5..67c20a1cdc8 100644
--- a/packages/solid-router/tests/createLazyRoute.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/solid-router/tests/createLazyRoute.test.tsx
@@ -176,7 +176,9 @@ it('renders an eager loader error with a delayed lazy errorComponent', async ()
   const lazyPageOptions = createLazyRoute('/page')({
     component: () => <h1>Page</h1>,
     errorComponent: ({ error }) => (
-      <p role="alert">Lazy error: {error.message}</p>
+      <p role="alert">
+        Lazy error: {error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}
+      </p>
     ),
   })
   const lazyOptions = createControlledPromise<typeof lazyPageOptions>()
diff --git a/packages/solid-router/tests/errorComponent.test.tsx b/packages/solid-router/tests/errorComponent.test.tsx
index af45fdcceeb..c1cb59db9d4 100644
--- a/packages/solid-router/tests/errorComponent.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/solid-router/tests/errorComponent.test.tsx
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { cleanup, fireEvent, render, screen } from '@solidjs/testing-library'
 import { createControlledPromise } from '@tanstack/router-core'
 
 import {
+  CatchBoundary,
   Link,
   Outlet,
   RouterProvider,
@@ -14,7 +15,11 @@ import {
 import type { ErrorComponentProps } from '../src'
 
 function MyErrorComponent(props: ErrorComponentProps) {
-  return <div>Error: {props.error.message}</div>
+  return <div>Error: {getErrorMessage(props.error)}</div>
+}
+
+function getErrorMessage(error: unknown) {
+  return error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)
 }
 
 async function asyncToThrowFn() {
@@ -213,7 +218,9 @@ test('ancestor route errorComponent resets when a background child generation re
   let loaderCalls = 0
   const rootRoute = createRootRoute({
     component: Outlet,
-    errorComponent: ({ error }) => <div>Ancestor error: {error.message}</div>,
+    errorComponent: ({ error }) => (
+      <div>Ancestor error: {getErrorMessage(error)}</div>
+    ),
   })
   const childRoute = createRoute({
     getParentRoute: () => rootRoute,
@@ -260,3 +267,44 @@ test('ancestor route errorComponent resets when a background child generation re
     await screen.findByText('Recovered child revision 2'),
   ).toBeInTheDocument()
 })
+
+test.each([
+  ['false', false],
+  ['zero', 0],
+  ['negative zero', -0],
+  ['bigint zero', 0n],
+  ['empty string', ''],
+  ['null', null],
+  ['undefined', undefined],
+  ['NaN', NaN],
+] as const)('CatchBoundary renders falsy thrown value %s', (_, thrown) => {
+  vi.spyOn(console, 'error').mockImplementation(() => {})
+  let caught: unknown
+
+  function ThrowFalsy(): never {
+    throw thrown
+  }
+
+  render(() => (
+    <CatchBoundary
+      getResetKey={() => 0}
+      errorComponent={({ error }) => (
+        <div>
+          {error instanceof Error && Object.is(error.cause, thrown)
+            ? 'Caught value'
+            : 'Wrong value'}
+        </div>
+      )}
+      onCatch={(error) => {
+        caught = error
+      }}
+    >
+      <ThrowFalsy />
+    </CatchBoundary>
+  ))
+
+  expect(screen.getByText('Caught value')).toBeInTheDocument()
+  expect(screen.queryByText('Wrong value')).not.toBeInTheDocument()
+  expect(caught).toBeInstanceOf(Error)
+  expect(Object.is((caught as Error).cause, thrown)).toBe(true)
+})
diff --git a/packages/solid-router/tests/link.test.tsx b/packages/solid-router/tests/link.test.tsx
index b7310a5405c..80c25a9bb40 100644
--- a/packages/solid-router/tests/link.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/solid-router/tests/link.test.tsx
@@ -3699,7 +3699,9 @@ describe('Link', () => {
 
   test('when navigating from /invoices to ./invoiceId and the current route is /posts/$postId/details', async () => {
     const rootRoute = createRootRoute({
-      errorComponent: (err) => <div>{err.error.message}</div>,
+      errorComponent: ({ error }) => (
+        <div>{error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}</div>
+      ),
     })
 
     const indexRoute = createRoute({
@@ -5797,7 +5799,9 @@ describe('search middleware', () => {
 
   test('search middlewares work', async () => {
     const rootRoute = createRootRoute({
-      errorComponent: (error) => <div>{error.error.stack}</div>,
+      errorComponent: ({ error }) => (
+        <div>{error instanceof Error ? error.stack : String(error)}</div>
+      ),
       validateSearch: (input) => {
         return {
           root: input.root as string | undefined,
diff --git a/packages/solid-router/tests/router.test.tsx b/packages/solid-router/tests/router.test.tsx
index ac0b2d145de..fa3ead12c77 100644
--- a/packages/solid-router/tests/router.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/solid-router/tests/router.test.tsx
@@ -1380,7 +1380,7 @@ describe('search params in URL', () => {
 
     describe.each(testCases)('search param validation', (validateSearch) => {
       it('does not throw an error when the search param is valid', async () => {
-        let errorSpy: Error | undefined
+        let errorSpy: unknown
         const rootRoute = createRootRoute({
           validateSearch,
           errorComponent: ({ error }) => {
@@ -1400,7 +1400,7 @@ describe('search params in URL', () => {
       })
 
       it('throws an error when the search param is not valid', async () => {
-        let errorSpy: Error | undefined
+        let errorSpy: unknown
         const rootRoute = createRootRoute({
           validateSearch,
           errorComponent: ({ error }) => {
@@ -1415,7 +1415,9 @@ describe('search params in URL', () => {
         await router.load()
 
         expect(errorSpy).toBeInstanceOf(SearchParamError)
-        expect(errorSpy?.cause).toBeInstanceOf(TestValidationError)
+        expect(
+          errorSpy instanceof Error ? errorSpy.cause : undefined,
+        ).toBeInstanceOf(TestValidationError)
       })
     })
   })
diff --git a/packages/solid-router/tests/server/errorComponent.test.tsx b/packages/solid-router/tests/server/errorComponent.test.tsx
index 4ab6e796585..7441ba7de8b 100644
--- a/packages/solid-router/tests/server/errorComponent.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/solid-router/tests/server/errorComponent.test.tsx
@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@ describe('errorComponent (server)', () => {
       },
       component: () => <div>Index route</div>,
       errorComponent: ({ error }) => (
-        <div data-testid="error-component">Route error: {error.message}</div>
+        <div data-testid="error-component">
+          Route error: {error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}
+        </div>
       ),
     })
 
diff --git a/packages/vue-router/src/CatchBoundary.tsx b/packages/vue-router/src/CatchBoundary.tsx
index d170e6fb1a1..2b4f66e78f4 100644
--- a/packages/vue-router/src/CatchBoundary.tsx
+++ b/packages/vue-router/src/CatchBoundary.tsx
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ type CatchBoundaryProps = {
   getResetKey: () => unknown
   children: Vue.VNode
   errorComponent?: ErrorRouteComponent | Vue.Component
-  onCatch?: (error: Error) => void
+  onCatch?: (error: unknown) => void
 }
 
 const VueErrorBoundary = Vue.defineComponent({
@@ -18,22 +18,22 @@ const VueErrorBoundary = Vue.defineComponent({
     errorComponent: null,
   },
   setup(props) {
-    const error = Vue.ref<Error | null>(null)
+    const error = Vue.shallowRef<[unknown] | 0>(0)
 
     const reset = () => {
-      error.value = null
+      error.value = 0
     }
 
     Vue.watch(
       () => props.resetKey,
-      (newKey, oldKey) => {
-        if (newKey !== oldKey && error.value) {
+      () => {
+        if (error.value) {
           reset()
         }
       },
     )
 
-    Vue.onErrorCaptured((err: Error) => {
+    Vue.onErrorCaptured((err: unknown) => {
       if (
         err instanceof Promise ||
         (err && typeof (err as any).then === 'function')
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ const VueErrorBoundary = Vue.defineComponent({
         return false
       }
 
-      error.value = err
+      error.value = [err]
 
       if (props.onError) {
         props.onError(err)
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ const VueErrorBoundary = Vue.defineComponent({
 
       const errorComponent = props.errorComponent ?? ErrorComponent
       const errorProps = {
-        error: error.value,
+        error: error.value[0],
         reset,
       }
 
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ CatchBoundary.props = ['getResetKey', 'children', 'errorComponent', 'onCatch']
 export const ErrorComponent = Vue.defineComponent({
   name: 'ErrorComponent',
   props: {
-    error: Object,
+    error: null as unknown as Vue.PropType<unknown>,
     reset: Function,
   },
   setup(props) {
@@ -140,8 +140,12 @@ export const ErrorComponent = Vue.defineComponent({
                   },
                 },
                 [
-                  props.error?.message
-                    ? Vue.h('code', {}, props.error.message)
+                  (props.error as { message?: string } | null)?.message
+                    ? Vue.h(
+                        'code',
+                        {},
+                        (props.error as { message: string }).message,
+                      )
                     : null,
                 ],
               ),
diff --git a/packages/vue-router/src/Match.tsx b/packages/vue-router/src/Match.tsx
index 0a643447f02..56530bb38e1 100644
--- a/packages/vue-router/src/Match.tsx
+++ b/packages/vue-router/src/Match.tsx
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ export const Match = Vue.defineComponent({
           content = CatchBoundary({
             getResetKey: () => activeMatch.value,
             errorComponent: routeErrorComponent,
-            onCatch: (error: Error) => {
+            onCatch: (error: unknown) => {
               // Forward not found errors (we don't want to show the error component for these)
               if (isNotFound(error)) {
                 error.routeId ??= routeId
diff --git a/packages/vue-router/src/Matches.tsx b/packages/vue-router/src/Matches.tsx
index ae3b4f72eec..7edd5c7593e 100644
--- a/packages/vue-router/src/Matches.tsx
+++ b/packages/vue-router/src/Matches.tsx
@@ -76,7 +76,12 @@ const errorComponentFn: ErrorRouteComponentType = (
 ) => {
   return Vue.h('div', { class: 'error' }, [
     Vue.h('h1', null, 'Error'),
-    Vue.h('p', null, props.error.message || String(props.error)),
+    Vue.h(
+      'p',
+      null,
+      (props.error as { message?: string } | null)?.message ||
+        String(props.error),
+    ),
     Vue.h('button', { onClick: props.reset }, 'Try Again'),
   ])
 }
@@ -105,11 +110,11 @@ const MatchesInner = Vue.defineComponent({
         errorComponent: errorComponentFn,
         onCatch:
           process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production'
-            ? (error: Error) => {
+            ? (error: unknown) => {
                 console.warn(
                   `Warning: The following error wasn't caught by any route! At the very least, consider setting an 'errorComponent' in your RootRoute!`,
                 )
-                console.warn(`Warning: ${error.message || error.toString()}`)
+                console.warn('Warning:', error)
               }
             : undefined,
         children: childElement,
diff --git a/packages/vue-router/src/not-found.tsx b/packages/vue-router/src/not-found.tsx
index f0ebf678ea4..05d9ab4c883 100644
--- a/packages/vue-router/src/not-found.tsx
+++ b/packages/vue-router/src/not-found.tsx
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import type { ErrorComponentProps, NotFoundError } from '@tanstack/router-core'
 
 export function CatchNotFound(props: {
   fallback?: (error: NotFoundError) => Vue.VNode
-  onCatch?: (error: Error) => void
+  onCatch?: (error: NotFoundError) => void
   children: Vue.VNode
 }) {
   const router = useRouter()
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ export function CatchNotFound(props: {
 
   return Vue.h(CatchBoundary, {
     getResetKey: () => `not-found-${pathname.value}-${status.value}`,
-    onCatch: (error: Error) => {
+    onCatch: (error: unknown) => {
       if (isNotFound(error)) {
         if (props.onCatch) {
           props.onCatch(error)
diff --git a/packages/vue-router/src/router.ts b/packages/vue-router/src/router.ts
index 00b55c4060a..27e7fbb891b 100644
--- a/packages/vue-router/src/router.ts
+++ b/packages/vue-router/src/router.ts
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ declare module '@tanstack/router-core' {
      * @link [API Docs](https://tanstack.com/router/latest/docs/framework/react/api/router/RouterOptionsType#defaultoncatch-property)
      * @link [Guide](https://tanstack.com/router/latest/docs/framework/react/guide/data-loading#handling-errors-with-routeoptionsoncatch)
      */
-    defaultOnCatch?: (error: Error) => void
+    defaultOnCatch?: (error: unknown) => void
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/vue-router/tests/Outlet.test.tsx b/packages/vue-router/tests/Outlet.test.tsx
index f8d0f699a2d..fe140d02b9b 100644
--- a/packages/vue-router/tests/Outlet.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/vue-router/tests/Outlet.test.tsx
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ test('warns when Outlet is rendered inside an errorComponent', async () => {
 test('warns with the current component after a fallback transition', async () => {
   const warn = vi.spyOn(console, 'warn').mockImplementation(() => {})
   const pending = createControlledPromise<void>()
-  const FallbackComponent = (props: { error?: Error }) => (
+  const FallbackComponent = (props: { error?: unknown }) => (
     <>
       <span>{props.error ? 'Error route' : 'Pending route'}</span>
       <Outlet />
diff --git a/packages/vue-router/tests/errorComponent.test.tsx b/packages/vue-router/tests/errorComponent.test.tsx
index 92fab168e67..6d88d19778f 100644
--- a/packages/vue-router/tests/errorComponent.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/vue-router/tests/errorComponent.test.tsx
@@ -14,7 +14,11 @@ import {
 import type { ErrorComponentProps } from '../src'
 
 function MyErrorComponent(props: ErrorComponentProps) {
-  return <div>Error: {props.error.message}</div>
+  return <div>Error: {getErrorMessage(props.error)}</div>
+}
+
+function getErrorMessage(error: unknown) {
+  return error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)
 }
 
 async function asyncToThrowFn() {
@@ -213,7 +217,9 @@ test('ancestor route errorComponent resets when a background child generation re
   let loaderCalls = 0
   const rootRoute = createRootRoute({
     component: Outlet,
-    errorComponent: ({ error }) => <div>Ancestor error: {error.message}</div>,
+    errorComponent: ({ error }) => (
+      <div>Ancestor error: {getErrorMessage(error)}</div>
+    ),
   })
   const childRoute = createRoute({
     getParentRoute: () => rootRoute,
@@ -263,3 +269,41 @@ test('ancestor route errorComponent resets when a background child generation re
     }
   }
 })
+
+test.each([
+  ['false', false],
+  ['zero', 0],
+  ['negative zero', -0],
+  ['bigint zero', 0n],
+  ['empty string', ''],
+  ['null', null],
+  ['undefined', undefined],
+  ['NaN', NaN],
+] as const)(
+  'CatchBoundary renders falsy thrown value %s',
+  async (_, thrown) => {
+    vi.spyOn(console, 'error').mockImplementation(() => {})
+    let caught: unknown
+
+    function ThrowFalsy(): never {
+      throw thrown
+    }
+
+    const rootRoute = createRootRoute({
+      component: ThrowFalsy,
+      errorComponent: ({ error }) => (
+        <div>{Object.is(error, thrown) ? 'Caught value' : 'Wrong value'}</div>
+      ),
+      onCatch: (error) => {
+        caught = error
+      },
+    })
+    const router = createRouter({ routeTree: rootRoute })
+
+    render(<RouterProvider router={router} />)
+
+    expect(await screen.findByText('Caught value')).toBeInTheDocument()
+    expect(screen.queryByText('Wrong value')).not.toBeInTheDocument()
+    expect(Object.is(caught, thrown)).toBe(true)
+  },
+)
diff --git a/packages/vue-router/tests/link.test.tsx b/packages/vue-router/tests/link.test.tsx
index 76247ccd35c..d456285d83d 100644
--- a/packages/vue-router/tests/link.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/vue-router/tests/link.test.tsx
@@ -3956,7 +3956,9 @@ describe('Link', () => {
 
   test('when navigating from /invoices to ./invoiceId and the current route is /posts/$postId/details', async () => {
     const rootRoute = createRootRoute({
-      errorComponent: (err) => <div>{err.error.message}</div>,
+      errorComponent: ({ error }) => (
+        <div>{error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}</div>
+      ),
     })
 
     const indexRoute = createRoute({
@@ -6248,7 +6250,9 @@ describe('search middleware', () => {
 
   test('search middlewares work', async () => {
     const rootRoute = createRootRoute({
-      errorComponent: (error) => <div>{error.error.stack}</div>,
+      errorComponent: ({ error }) => (
+        <div>{error instanceof Error ? error.stack : String(error)}</div>
+      ),
       validateSearch: (input) => {
         return {
           root: input.root as string | undefined,
diff --git a/packages/vue-router/tests/router.test.tsx b/packages/vue-router/tests/router.test.tsx
index 543a32548ec..3a0d17d66d9 100644
--- a/packages/vue-router/tests/router.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/vue-router/tests/router.test.tsx
@@ -1382,7 +1382,7 @@ describe('search params in URL', () => {
 
     describe.each(testCases)('search param validation', (validateSearch) => {
       it('does not throw an error when the search param is valid', async () => {
-        let errorSpy: Error | undefined
+        let errorSpy: unknown
         const rootRoute = createRootRoute({
           validateSearch,
           errorComponent: ({ error }) => {
@@ -1402,7 +1402,7 @@ describe('search params in URL', () => {
       })
 
       it('throws an error when the search param is not valid', async () => {
-        let errorSpy: Error | undefined
+        let errorSpy: unknown
         const rootRoute = createRootRoute({
           validateSearch,
           errorComponent: ({ error }) => {
@@ -1417,7 +1417,9 @@ describe('search params in URL', () => {
         await router.load()
 
         expect(errorSpy).toBeInstanceOf(SearchParamError)
-        expect(errorSpy?.cause).toBeInstanceOf(TestValidationError)
+        expect(
+          errorSpy instanceof Error ? errorSpy.cause : undefined,
+        ).toBeInstanceOf(TestValidationError)
       })
     })
   })