diff --git a/crates/tracedecay/tests/mcp_suite/mcp_handler_test/graph_analysis_test.rs b/crates/tracedecay/tests/mcp_suite/mcp_handler_test/graph_analysis_test.rs
index 2101aa7434..771e96173d 100644
--- a/crates/tracedecay/tests/mcp_suite/mcp_handler_test/graph_analysis_test.rs
+++ b/crates/tracedecay/tests/mcp_suite/mcp_handler_test/graph_analysis_test.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #![cfg(feature = "test-transport")]
 
+mod gini;
 mod graph_readiness;
 
 use crate::common::fixture::git_run;
@@ -1198,31 +1199,6 @@ async fn test_changelog_with_real_git() {
     );
 }
 
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn test_gini() {
-    let (cg, _dir) = setup_project().await;
-    let result = handle_tool_call(
-        &cg,
-        "tracedecay_gini",
-        json!({ "metric": "lines" }),
-        None,
-        None,
-    )
-    .await
-    .unwrap();
-    let text = extract_text(&result.value);
-    let parsed: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(text).unwrap();
-    assert!(
-        parsed.get("gini").is_some(),
-        "gini field should exist, got: {}",
-        text
-    );
-    assert!(
-        parsed.get("interpretation").is_some(),
-        "interpretation field should exist"
-    );
-}
-
 /// `details=true` must surface raw counts + interpretation per dimension,
 /// so callers don't have to compose six separate tools to reproduce the
 /// breakdown.
diff --git a/crates/tracedecay/tests/mcp_suite/mcp_handler_test/graph_analysis_test/gini.rs b/crates/tracedecay/tests/mcp_suite/mcp_handler_test/graph_analysis_test/gini.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c290d998ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/tracedecay/tests/mcp_suite/mcp_handler_test/graph_analysis_test/gini.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+//! Literal `tracedecay_gini` results for a fixture whose metric values are
+//! fixed by source shape, not by reading the coefficient back out of the tool.
+//!
+//! The handler rounds `2*Σ(i*x_i)/(n*Σx) - (n+1)/n` (1-indexed `i` on values
+//! sorted ascending) to four decimals. One file, or a missing path, is the
+//! empty-or-singleton case and the coefficient is exactly 0.
+
+use std::path::Path;
+
+use serde_json::{Value, json};
+
+use crate::support::{extract_json, production_composition_fixture_with_sources};
+
+use super::{AnalysisToolHost, close_test_graph, handle_tool_call, setup_empty_analysis_project};
+
+fn write_gini_distribution_sources(project: &Path) {
+    std::fs::create_dir_all(project.join("src/spans")).unwrap();
+    // Body is one block and no branch: complexity 1, line span 1.
+    std::fs::write(
+        project.join("src/spans/short.rs"),
+        "pub fn short() -> i32 { 1 }\n",
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    // Same complexity 1, line span 3 (declaration, body, closing brace).
+    std::fs::write(
+        project.join("src/spans/tall.rs"),
+        "pub fn tall() -> i32 {\n    1\n}\n",
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    // Tiny has one field, Big has three. `plain` is a single block (complexity
+    // 1). `branched` is if + else (2 branches) inside a body block, so the
+    // inner blocks reach nesting 2 and the symbol score is 4.
+    std::fs::write(
+        project.join("src/kinds.rs"),
+        "\
+pub struct Tiny {\n    \
+    pub only: i32,\n\
+}\n\
+\n\
+pub struct Big {\n    \
+    pub a: i32,\n    \
+    pub b: i32,\n    \
+    pub c: i32,\n\
+}\n\
+\n\
+pub fn plain() -> i32 { 1 }\n\
+\n\
+pub fn branched(n: i32) -> i32 {\n    \
+    if n > 0 {\n        \
+        n\n    \
+    } else {\n        \
+        0\n    \
+    }\n\
+}\n",
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+}
+
+async fn gini_json(host: &impl AnalysisToolHost, args: Value) -> Value {
+    let result = handle_tool_call(host, "tracedecay_gini", args, None, None)
+        .await
+        .expect("tracedecay_gini over production MCP");
+    extract_json(&result.value)
+}
+
+/// Equal values do not define an outlier rank. Sort by name so the assertion
+/// stays on the reported rows rather than `HashMap` iteration order.
+fn outliers_sorted_by_name(mut payload: Value) -> Value {
+    if let Some(outliers) = payload.get_mut("outliers").and_then(Value::as_array_mut) {
+        outliers.sort_by(|left, right| left["name"].as_str().cmp(&right["name"].as_str()));
+    }
+    payload
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn gini_reports_literal_coefficients_for_known_distributions() {
+    let host = production_composition_fixture_with_sources(write_gini_distribution_sources).await;
+
+    let lines = gini_json(
+        &host,
+        json!({
+            "format": "json",
+            "metric": "lines",
+            "scope": "file",
+            "path": "src/spans",
+        }),
+    )
+    .await;
+    assert_eq!(
+        lines,
+        json!({
+            "gini": 0.25,
+            "interpretation": "moderate inequality",
+            "total_items": 2,
+            "metric": "lines",
+            "scope": "file",
+            "incomplete_complexity_symbols": 0,
+            "outliers": [
+                {"name": "src/spans/tall.rs", "value": 3.0, "pct_of_max": 100.0},
+                {"name": "src/spans/short.rs", "value": 1.0, "pct_of_max": 33.0},
+            ],
+        }),
+        "line spans 1 and 3 must produce Gini 0.25: {lines}"
+    );
+
+    let truncated = gini_json(
+        &host,
+        json!({
+            "format": "json",
+            "metric": "lines",
+            "scope": "file",
+            "path": "src/spans",
+            "limit": 1,
+        }),
+    )
+    .await;
+    assert_eq!(
+        truncated,
+        json!({
+            "gini": 0.25,
+            "interpretation": "moderate inequality",
+            "total_items": 2,
+            "metric": "lines",
+            "scope": "file",
+            "incomplete_complexity_symbols": 0,
+            "outliers": [
+                {"name": "src/spans/tall.rs", "value": 3.0, "pct_of_max": 100.0},
+            ],
+        }),
+        "limit truncates the ranking and keeps the census: {truncated}"
+    );
+
+    let one_file = gini_json(
+        &host,
+        json!({
+            "format": "json",
+            "metric": "lines",
+            "path": "src/spans/tall.rs",
+        }),
+    )
+    .await;
+    assert_eq!(
+        one_file,
+        json!({
+            "gini": 0.0,
+            "interpretation": "low inequality (healthy)",
+            "total_items": 1,
+            "metric": "lines",
+            "scope": "file",
+            "incomplete_complexity_symbols": 0,
+            "outliers": [
+                {"name": "src/spans/tall.rs", "value": 3.0, "pct_of_max": 100.0},
+            ],
+        }),
+        "a single file is perfect equality: {one_file}"
+    );
+
+    let missing = gini_json(
+        &host,
+        json!({
+            "format": "json",
+            "metric": "lines",
+            "path": "src/nowhere",
+        }),
+    )
+    .await;
+    assert_eq!(
+        missing,
+        json!({
+            "gini": 0.0,
+            "interpretation": "low inequality (healthy)",
+            "total_items": 0,
+            "metric": "lines",
+            "scope": "file",
+            "incomplete_complexity_symbols": 0,
+            "outliers": [],
+        }),
+        "a path with no symbols is an empty census, not the unfiltered one: {missing}"
+    );
+
+    // Defaults are complexity + file. Both span functions score 1, so this
+    // coefficient is 0. The lines call above is 0.25 for the same path.
+    let defaults = gini_json(
+        &host,
+        json!({
+            "format": "json",
+            "path": "src/spans",
+        }),
+    )
+    .await;
+    assert_eq!(
+        outliers_sorted_by_name(defaults.clone()),
+        json!({
+            "gini": 0.0,
+            "interpretation": "low inequality (healthy)",
+            "total_items": 2,
+            "metric": "complexity",
+            "scope": "file",
+            "incomplete_complexity_symbols": 0,
+            "outliers": [
+                {"name": "src/spans/short.rs", "value": 1.0, "pct_of_max": 100.0},
+                {"name": "src/spans/tall.rs", "value": 1.0, "pct_of_max": 100.0},
+            ],
+        }),
+        "default metric is complexity, not lines: {defaults}"
+    );
+
+    let members = gini_json(
+        &host,
+        json!({
+            "format": "json",
+            "metric": "members",
+            "path": "src/kinds.rs",
+        }),
+    )
+    .await;
+    assert_eq!(
+        members,
+        json!({
+            "gini": 0.25,
+            "interpretation": "moderate inequality",
+            "total_items": 2,
+            "metric": "members",
+            "scope": "file",
+            "incomplete_complexity_symbols": 0,
+            "outliers": [
+                {"name": "Big", "value": 3.0, "pct_of_max": 100.0},
+                {"name": "Tiny", "value": 1.0, "pct_of_max": 33.0},
+            ],
+        }),
+        "struct member counts 1 and 3 must produce Gini 0.25: {members}"
+    );
+
+    let symbols = gini_json(
+        &host,
+        json!({
+            "format": "json",
+            "metric": "complexity",
+            "scope": "symbol",
+            "path": "src/kinds.rs",
+        }),
+    )
+    .await;
+    assert_eq!(
+        symbols,
+        json!({
+            "gini": 0.3,
+            "interpretation": "moderate inequality",
+            "total_items": 2,
+            "metric": "complexity",
+            "scope": "symbol",
+            "incomplete_complexity_symbols": 0,
+            "outliers": [
+                {"name": "src/kinds.rs:branched", "value": 4.0, "pct_of_max": 100.0},
+                {"name": "src/kinds.rs:plain", "value": 1.0, "pct_of_max": 25.0},
+            ],
+        }),
+        "symbol scores 1 and 4 must produce Gini 0.3: {symbols}"
+    );
+
+    close_test_graph(host).await;
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn gini_empty_index_reports_perfect_equality() {
+    let (host, _, _) = setup_empty_analysis_project().await;
+    let payload = gini_json(&host, json!({"format": "json"})).await;
+    assert_eq!(
+        payload,
+        json!({
+            "gini": 0.0,
+            "interpretation": "low inequality (healthy)",
+            "total_items": 0,
+            "metric": "complexity",
+            "scope": "file",
+            "incomplete_complexity_symbols": 0,
+            "outliers": [],
+        }),
+        "an empty index is not a missing field: {payload}"
+    );
+    close_test_graph(host).await;
+}