diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 039ad748..ab45b6f4 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -173,10 +173,10 @@ compile-mining-rewards-contract:
 	@cd $(MINING_REWARDS_CONTRACT_PATH) && $(DARGO) compile --contract-name=PsyPOWMiningRewardsClaimContractRef --method-names start_session end_session claim_guta_rewards_1 claim_guta_rewards_2 claim_guta_rewards_5
 
 compile-usdt-token-contract:
-	@cd $(USDT_TOKEN_CONTRACT_PATH) && $(DARGO) compile --contract-name=USDTTokenContractRef --method-names withdraw claim_deposit simple_mint simple_transfer simple_claim batch_simple_transfer_2 batch_simple_transfer_5 simple_burn simple_claim_pow_rewards private_transfer private_claim
+	@cd $(USDT_TOKEN_CONTRACT_PATH) && $(DARGO) compile --contract-name=USDTTokenContractRef --method-names withdraw claim_deposit simple_mint simple_transfer simple_claim batch_simple_transfer_2 batch_simple_transfer_5 simple_burn private_transfer private_claim
 
 compile-usdt-token-abi:
-	@cd $(USDT_TOKEN_CONTRACT_PATH) && $(DARGO) generate-abi -c USDTTokenContractRef --abi-name usdt_token --method-names withdraw claim_deposit simple_mint simple_transfer simple_claim batch_simple_transfer_2 batch_simple_transfer_5 simple_burn simple_claim_pow_rewards private_transfer private_claim
+	@cd $(USDT_TOKEN_CONTRACT_PATH) && $(DARGO) generate-abi -c USDTTokenContractRef --abi-name usdt_token --method-names withdraw claim_deposit simple_mint simple_transfer simple_claim batch_simple_transfer_2 batch_simple_transfer_5 simple_burn private_transfer private_claim
 
 compile-token-abi:
 	@cd $(TOKEN_CONTRACT_PATH) && $(DARGO) generate-abi -c PsyTokenContractRef --abi-name token --method-names withdraw claim_deposit simple_mint simple_transfer simple_claim batch_simple_transfer_2 batch_simple_transfer_5 simple_burn simple_claim_pow_rewards private_transfer private_claim
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ gen-deploy-json: build \
 	@# Regenerate ABI files to a separate dir (avoids overwriting compiled .json)
 	@mkdir -p $(ABI_OUTPUT_DIR)
 	@cd $(TOKEN_CONTRACT_PATH) && $(DARGO) generate-abi -c PsyTokenContractRef --abi-name token --output-dir $(ABI_OUTPUT_DIR) --method-names withdraw claim_deposit simple_mint simple_transfer simple_claim batch_simple_transfer_2 batch_simple_transfer_5 simple_burn simple_claim_pow_rewards private_transfer private_claim
-	@cd $(USDT_TOKEN_CONTRACT_PATH) && $(DARGO) generate-abi -c USDTTokenContractRef --abi-name usdt_token --output-dir $(ABI_OUTPUT_DIR) --method-names withdraw claim_deposit simple_mint simple_transfer simple_claim batch_simple_transfer_2 batch_simple_transfer_5 simple_burn simple_claim_pow_rewards private_transfer private_claim
+	@cd $(USDT_TOKEN_CONTRACT_PATH) && $(DARGO) generate-abi -c USDTTokenContractRef --abi-name usdt_token --output-dir $(ABI_OUTPUT_DIR) --method-names withdraw claim_deposit simple_mint simple_transfer simple_claim batch_simple_transfer_2 batch_simple_transfer_5 simple_burn private_transfer private_claim
 	@cd $(MINING_REWARDS_CONTRACT_PATH) && $(DARGO) generate-abi -c PsyPOWMiningRewardsClaimContractRef --abi-name mining_rewards --output-dir $(ABI_OUTPUT_DIR) --method-names start_session end_session claim_guta_rewards_1 claim_guta_rewards_2 claim_guta_rewards_5
 	@cd $(DEPOSIT_TREE_CONTRACT_PATH) && $(DARGO) generate-abi -c PsyDepositTreeContractRef --abi-name deposit_tree --output-dir $(ABI_OUTPUT_DIR) --method-names get_root get_chain_root is_known_root_hash is_known_root set_chain_root append_leaf append_deposit batch_append_deposits_2 batch_append_deposits_5
 	@cd $(WITHDRAWAL_TREE_CONTRACT_PATH) && $(DARGO) generate-abi -c PsyWithdrawalTreeContractRef --abi-name withdrawal_tree --output-dir $(ABI_OUTPUT_DIR) --method-names get_root get_chain_root append_leaf append_withdrawal batch_append_withdrawals_2 batch_append_withdrawals_5
diff --git a/psy-precompiles/deposit_tree/src/main.psy b/psy-precompiles/deposit_tree/src/main.psy
index 5c9cb9b9..d28322d2 100644
--- a/psy-precompiles/deposit_tree/src/main.psy
+++ b/psy-precompiles/deposit_tree/src/main.psy
@@ -116,27 +116,13 @@ impl PsyDepositTreeContractRef {
     fn get_chain_count_value(chain_index: Felt) -> Felt {
         assert(chain_index < 256, "chain index out of range");
         let c = PsyDepositTreeContractRef::new(ContractMetadata::current());
-        let mut out: Felt = 0;
-        for i in 0u32..256u32 {
-            let idx = i as Felt;
-            if idx == chain_index {
-                out = c.chain_counts[idx].get();
-            };
-        }
-        out
+        c.chain_counts[chain_index].get()
     }
 
     fn get_chain_root_value(chain_index: Felt) -> [u32; 8] {
         assert(chain_index < 256, "chain index out of range");
         let c = PsyDepositTreeContractRef::new(ContractMetadata::current());
-        let mut out: [u32; 8] = [0u32, 0u32, 0u32, 0u32, 0u32, 0u32, 0u32, 0u32];
-        for i in 0u32..256u32 {
-            let idx = i as Felt;
-            if idx == chain_index {
-                out = c.chain_roots[idx].get();
-            };
-        }
-        out
+        c.chain_roots[chain_index].get()
     }
 
     fn get_global_count_value() -> Felt {
diff --git a/psy-precompiles/mining_rewards/src/main.psy b/psy-precompiles/mining_rewards/src/main.psy
index 4aecd433..dc5f33bf 100644
--- a/psy-precompiles/mining_rewards/src/main.psy
+++ b/psy-precompiles/mining_rewards/src/main.psy
@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ impl MiningRewardMerkleProof {
         let mut nullifier_level_start_index_multiplier = 1;
 
         let index = self.index;
-        let max_index = 4294967296;
+        let max_index = 1 << proof_height;
 
-        assert(index < max_index, "index out of range");
+        assert(index < max_index, "index exceeds proof height");
 
         // Step 1: Compute leaf hash from three components
         // hash(hash(leaf_left, leaf_right), leaf_tag)
diff --git a/psy-precompiles/precompiles.json b/psy-precompiles/precompiles.json
index e541312e..0610fcdf 100644
--- a/psy-precompiles/precompiles.json
+++ b/psy-precompiles/precompiles.json
@@ -73,7 +73,6 @@
         "batch_simple_transfer_2",
         "batch_simple_transfer_5",
         "simple_claim",
-        "simple_claim_pow_rewards",
         "private_transfer",
         "private_claim"
       ]
diff --git a/psy-precompiles/token/src/main.psy b/psy-precompiles/token/src/main.psy
index 74e8bf94..14d7be40 100644
--- a/psy-precompiles/token/src/main.psy
+++ b/psy-precompiles/token/src/main.psy
@@ -27,6 +27,18 @@ pub struct PrivateClaimEvent {
     pub amount: Felt,
 }
 
+#[derive(Event)]
+pub struct PrivateTransferEvent {
+    // Do not emit receiver, value, or note_commitment: they contain private or
+    // linkable transfer data.
+    // pub receiver: Hash,
+    // pub value: Felt,
+    // pub note_commitment: Hash,
+    pub index: Felt,
+    pub commitment: Hash,
+    pub new_root: Hash,
+}
+
 #[derive(Event)]
 pub struct DepositClaimEvent {
     pub shield_address: Hash,
@@ -183,6 +195,10 @@ impl PsyTokenContractRef {
             x[4] == 0u32 && x[5] == 0u32,
             "amount exceeds uint64 range"
         );
+        assert(
+            x[6] < 4294967295u32 || x[7] == 0u32,
+            "amount exceeds Felt range"
+        );
         (x[6] as Felt) * Self::u32_shift_factor() + (x[7] as Felt)
     }
 
@@ -488,8 +504,14 @@ impl PsyTokenContractRef {
             c.last_claimed_pow_rewards_checkpoint_id.get() < checkpoint_id,
         "must haven't already claimed during this ups");
 
+        let cumulative_rewards = pow_rewards_persistent_state.claimed_rewards;
+        let previously_settled_rewards = c.claimed_rewards.get();
+        assert(cumulative_rewards >= previously_settled_rewards, "pow rewards total cannot decrease");
+        let newly_settled_rewards = cumulative_rewards - previously_settled_rewards;
+
         c.last_claimed_pow_rewards_checkpoint_id = checkpoint_id;
-        c.balance += pow_rewards_persistent_state.claimed_rewards;
+        c.claimed_rewards = cumulative_rewards;
+        c.balance += newly_settled_rewards;
     }
 
     #[contract_method]
@@ -510,6 +532,9 @@ impl PsyTokenContractRef {
             let amount = amounts[i as Felt];
 
             if amount > 0 {
+                let transfer_event = TransferEvent { to: recipient, amount };
+                transfer_event.emit();
+
                 let mut recipient_info = c.other_user_info[recipient].get();
                 assert(recipient_info.amount_sent + amount > recipient_info.amount_sent, "amount sent overflow");
 
@@ -541,6 +566,9 @@ impl PsyTokenContractRef {
             let amount = amounts[i as Felt];
 
             if amount > 0 {
+                let transfer_event = TransferEvent { to: recipient, amount };
+                transfer_event.emit();
+
                 let mut recipient_info = c.other_user_info[recipient].get();
                 assert(recipient_info.amount_sent + amount > recipient_info.amount_sent, "amount sent overflow");
 
@@ -587,6 +615,13 @@ impl PsyTokenContractRef {
 
         c.note_root = current;
         c.note_count = idx + 1;
+
+        let transfer_event = PrivateTransferEvent {
+            index: idx,
+            commitment,
+            new_root: current,
+        };
+        transfer_event.emit();
     }
 
     #[contract_method]
diff --git a/psy-precompiles/usdt_token/Dargo.toml b/psy-precompiles/usdt_token/Dargo.toml
index 6db8a4f3..cad8c7ab 100644
--- a/psy-precompiles/usdt_token/Dargo.toml
+++ b/psy-precompiles/usdt_token/Dargo.toml
@@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ type = "bin"
 authors = [""]
 
 [dependencies]
-mining_rewards = { path = "../mining_rewards" }
 deposit_tree = { path = "../deposit_tree" }
diff --git a/psy-precompiles/usdt_token/src/main.psy b/psy-precompiles/usdt_token/src/main.psy
index 4e2e3636..d976a824 100644
--- a/psy-precompiles/usdt_token/src/main.psy
+++ b/psy-precompiles/usdt_token/src/main.psy
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 use std::prelude::*;
-use mining_rewards::PsyPOWMiningRewardsClaimContractRef;
 use deposit_tree::PsyDepositTreeContractRef;
 
 #[derive(Storage)]
@@ -27,6 +26,18 @@ pub struct PrivateClaimEvent {
     pub amount: Felt,
 }
 
+#[derive(Event)]
+pub struct PrivateTransferEvent {
+    // Do not emit receiver, value, or note_commitment: they contain private or
+    // linkable transfer data.
+    // pub receiver: Hash,
+    // pub value: Felt,
+    // pub note_commitment: Hash,
+    pub index: Felt,
+    pub commitment: Hash,
+    pub new_root: Hash,
+}
+
 #[derive(Event)]
 pub struct DepositClaimEvent {
     pub shield_address: Hash,
@@ -89,8 +100,9 @@ struct ShieldClaimPublicInputsPreimage {
 #[derive(Storage)]
 pub struct USDTTokenContract {
     pub balance: Felt,
-    pub last_claimed_pow_rewards_checkpoint_id: Felt,
-    pub claimed_rewards: Felt,
+    // Reserved to preserve the deployed storage layout.
+    pub reserved_1: Felt,
+    pub reserved_2: Felt,
     pub other_user_info: [OtherUserInfo; 4294967296],
 
     pub note_count: Felt,
@@ -183,6 +195,10 @@ impl USDTTokenContractRef {
             x[4] == 0u32 && x[5] == 0u32,
             "amount exceeds uint64 range"
         );
+        assert(
+            x[6] < 4294967295u32 || x[7] == 0u32,
+            "amount exceeds Felt range"
+        );
         (x[6] as Felt) * Self::u32_shift_factor() + (x[7] as Felt)
     }
 
@@ -395,6 +411,9 @@ impl USDTTokenContractRef {
 
     #[contract_method]
     pub fn simple_mint(amount: Felt) {
+        let deployer: Hash = get_contract_deployer(get_contract_id());
+        assert(Self::eq_hash(deployer, get_user_public_key_hash()), "only deployer can mint");
+
         let c = USDTTokenContractRef::new(ContractMetadata::current());
         c.balance += amount;
     }
@@ -469,26 +488,6 @@ impl USDTTokenContractRef {
         claim_event.emit();
     }
 
-    #[contract_method]
-    pub fn simple_claim_pow_rewards(checkpoint_id: Felt) {
-        let c = USDTTokenContractRef::new(ContractMetadata::current());
-        let psy_pow_mining_rewards_claim_contract = PsyPOWMiningRewardsClaimContractRef::new(ContractMetadata::new(1, get_user_id()));
-        let pow_rewards_persistent_state = psy_pow_mining_rewards_claim_contract.persistent_state.get();
-
-        assert(
-            pow_rewards_persistent_state.last_claimed_checkpoint_id == checkpoint_id,
-        "the claims must be from the latest ups");
-        assert(
-            pow_rewards_persistent_state.last_sealed_checkpoint_id == checkpoint_id,
-        "the checkpoint must be sealed");
-        assert(
-            c.last_claimed_pow_rewards_checkpoint_id.get() < checkpoint_id,
-        "must haven't already claimed during this ups");
-
-        c.last_claimed_pow_rewards_checkpoint_id = checkpoint_id;
-        c.balance += pow_rewards_persistent_state.claimed_rewards;
-    }
-
     #[contract_method]
     pub fn batch_simple_transfer_2(recipients: [Felt; 2], amounts: [Felt; 2]) {
         let c = USDTTokenContractRef::new(ContractMetadata::current());
@@ -507,6 +506,9 @@ impl USDTTokenContractRef {
             let amount = amounts[i as Felt];
 
             if amount > 0 {
+                let transfer_event = TransferEvent { to: recipient, amount };
+                transfer_event.emit();
+
                 let mut recipient_info = c.other_user_info[recipient].get();
                 assert(recipient_info.amount_sent + amount > recipient_info.amount_sent, "amount sent overflow");
 
@@ -538,6 +540,9 @@ impl USDTTokenContractRef {
             let amount = amounts[i as Felt];
 
             if amount > 0 {
+                let transfer_event = TransferEvent { to: recipient, amount };
+                transfer_event.emit();
+
                 let mut recipient_info = c.other_user_info[recipient].get();
                 assert(recipient_info.amount_sent + amount > recipient_info.amount_sent, "amount sent overflow");
 
@@ -584,6 +589,13 @@ impl USDTTokenContractRef {
 
         c.note_root = current;
         c.note_count = idx + 1;
+
+        let transfer_event = PrivateTransferEvent {
+            index: idx,
+            commitment,
+            new_root: current,
+        };
+        transfer_event.emit();
     }
 
     #[contract_method]
diff --git a/psy-precompiles/withdrawal_tree/src/main.psy b/psy-precompiles/withdrawal_tree/src/main.psy
index 992e4b9f..742daaa4 100644
--- a/psy-precompiles/withdrawal_tree/src/main.psy
+++ b/psy-precompiles/withdrawal_tree/src/main.psy
@@ -145,27 +145,13 @@ impl PsyWithdrawalTreeContractRef {
     fn get_chain_count_value(chain_index: Felt) -> Felt {
         assert(chain_index < 256, "chain index out of range");
         let c = PsyWithdrawalTreeContractRef::new(ContractMetadata::current());
-        let mut out: Felt = 0;
-        for i in 0u32..256u32 {
-            let idx = i as Felt;
-            if idx == chain_index {
-                out = c.chain_counts[idx].get();
-            };
-        }
-        out
+        c.chain_counts[chain_index].get()
     }
 
     fn get_chain_root_value(chain_index: Felt) -> [u32; 8] {
         assert(chain_index < 256, "chain index out of range");
         let c = PsyWithdrawalTreeContractRef::new(ContractMetadata::current());
-        let mut out: [u32; 8] = [0u32, 0u32, 0u32, 0u32, 0u32, 0u32, 0u32, 0u32];
-        for i in 0u32..256u32 {
-            let idx = i as Felt;
-            if idx == chain_index {
-                out = c.chain_roots[idx].get();
-            };
-        }
-        out
+        c.chain_roots[chain_index].get()
     }
 
     fn get_global_count_value() -> Felt {