diff --git a/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md b/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md
index 1c2ad7fc9e..050239411d 100644
--- a/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -52,6 +52,50 @@ and add `verified_end_year` when verified coverage has a defined end. Change the
 verified year fields only after confirming that parameters and tests cover the
 stated years.
 
+The registry also defines the budget totals. `household_tax` adds every entry
+flagged `budget: tax` and `household_benefits` every entry flagged
+`budget: benefit`, in the order the file's `budget_order` lists them.
+`policyengine_uk.programs.budget_programs()` returns those terms with their
+labels, `tax` or `benefit` and `group`; downstream code reads that function, or
+`HOUSEHOLD_TAX_VARIABLES` and `HOUSEHOLD_BENEFIT_VARIABLES`, rather than its own
+copy. Four fields set a term's place in the totals:
+
+- `budget`: `tax` or `benefit` on each entry whose `variable` a total adds;
+  leave it off the rest.
+- `group`: an optional key shared by terms that move together, such as the
+  childcare entitlements.
+- `budget_dropped_when`: the path of a boolean parameter that removes the term
+  from its total while true (`gov.contrib.abolish_council_tax` on council tax,
+  the High Value Council Tax Surcharge and Council Tax Reduction).
+- `budget_uprating`: which of `gov.contrib.benefit_uprating`'s `all` and
+  `non_sp` rates scale a benefit term. A benefit term without it takes both.
+  The State Pension takes `[all]` and basic income `[]`.
+
+A total's term that no programme entry carries goes under `budget_terms`, with a
+`kind`: `programme_measure` (the amount counted for the programme that `program`
+names, such as `esa_income` for ESA), `programme` (a programme the coverage list
+does not carry yet), `reform_measure` (not a programme: a hypothetical tax or
+benefit, or a change from baseline such as `vat_change`, zero unless a reform
+sets it) or `public_service` (public services in kind). These entries stay out
+of `programs`, so the coverage page never lists them, and they carry no
+verified-year fields. The package refuses to load when a budget field is
+misspelt or the flags and `budget_order` disagree.
+
+To add a term to a total:
+
+1. Flag its entry with `budget`, or add a `budget_terms` entry for it.
+2. Append its variable to the end of `budget_order`'s list for that total.
+3. Add a head for it to `policyengine_uk/data/fiscal_partition.yaml` that lists
+   the total in its `totals`: a `tax_heads` entry for a tax term, a
+   `spending_heads` entry for a benefit term. If the term carries
+   `budget_dropped_when`, add it under that parameter in the total's
+   `dropped_when` there too.
+4. For a benefit term, also add its variable to `GOV_SPENDING_VARIABLES` in
+   `policyengine_uk/variables/gov/gov_spending.py`, or, if government does not
+   pay it, to `NOT_PAID_BY_GOVERNMENT` in
+   `policyengine_uk/tests/code_health/test_household_benefits_in_government_spending.py`
+   with the reason.
+
 ## Axiom parity
 
 Every policy change here must also be correct in [rulespec-uk](https://github.com/TheAxiomFoundation/rulespec-uk). That covers a new programme, a parameter or threshold update, an eligibility rule and a bug fix. The shared guide, [Mirror policy changes in Axiom](https://github.com/PolicyEngine/.github/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#mirror-policy-changes-in-axiom), defines the `axiom:` line your PR description needs and what a `queued` issue must contain. UK specifics:
diff --git a/changelog.d/2702.added.md b/changelog.d/2702.added.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d16b041b95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/2702.added.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+The budget totals `household_tax` and `household_benefits` now read their terms from the `budget` fields in `programs.yaml`, and `policyengine_uk.programs.budget_programs()` returns each term with its label, tax or benefit flag and group. Calculated values do not change.
diff --git a/docs/engineering/skills/model-structure.md b/docs/engineering/skills/model-structure.md
index 190b4eea3c..0f345c3f66 100644
--- a/docs/engineering/skills/model-structure.md
+++ b/docs/engineering/skills/model-structure.md
@@ -63,6 +63,14 @@ Change `verified_start_year` or `verified_end_year` only after verifying that
 parameters and tests cover the stated years. Current entries use the status
 values `complete` and `partial`.
 
+The registry also defines the budget totals `household_tax` and
+`household_benefits`, and `policyengine_uk.programs.budget_programs()` serves
+their terms to downstream code. The `Program registry` section of
+`.github/CONTRIBUTING.md` defines the budget fields (`budget`, `group`,
+`budget_dropped_when`, `budget_uprating`), the `budget_terms` section and
+`budget_order`. Add or remove a term of either total in `programs.yaml`, never
+in the formula modules.
+
 ## Refactoring Recovery Lessons
 
 During the 2025-05-31 variable refactor recovery, a script that split
diff --git a/policyengine_uk/__init__.py b/policyengine_uk/__init__.py
index 30f4828b55..20f93ddd69 100644
--- a/policyengine_uk/__init__.py
+++ b/policyengine_uk/__init__.py
@@ -15,5 +15,6 @@
     variables,
 )
 from .model_api import *
+from policyengine_uk import programs
 
 REPO = Path(__file__).parent
diff --git a/policyengine_uk/build_metadata.py b/policyengine_uk/build_metadata.py
index 242d4ed6f7..d396e4247b 100644
--- a/policyengine_uk/build_metadata.py
+++ b/policyengine_uk/build_metadata.py
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
     "simulation.py",
     "system.py",
     "tax_benefit_system.py",
+    "programs.py",
     "programs.yaml",
 )
 
diff --git a/policyengine_uk/programs.py b/policyengine_uk/programs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2a58c015b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/policyengine_uk/programs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+"""The programme registry and the budget totals built from it.
+
+``programs.yaml`` lists the programmes the model covers. Its ``budget`` fields
+also define the budget totals: ``household_tax`` adds every term flagged
+``budget: tax`` and ``household_benefits`` every term flagged
+``budget: benefit``, in the order ``budget_order`` gives. PolicyEngine's
+simulation API reports the change in ``household_tax`` less the change in
+``household_benefits`` as the headline budget impact.
+
+This module imports only the standard library and ``yaml``, never the
+package's top level, so the variable modules can import it while the package
+builds the tax-benefit system.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from functools import lru_cache, reduce
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Optional
+
+import yaml
+
+REGISTRY_PATH = Path(__file__).parent / "programs.yaml"
+
+BUDGET_KINDS = ("tax", "benefit")
+# The kind of every `programs` entry, and the kinds a `budget_terms` entry
+# may take.
+PROGRAMME = "programme"
+TERM_KINDS = ("programme_measure", PROGRAMME, "reform_measure", "public_service")
+# The gov.contrib.benefit_uprating parameters, in the order
+# household_benefits applies them, and the default for a benefit term.
+UPRATING_PARAMETERS = ("all", "non_sp")
+# The fields that place a term in the totals. The loader refuses any other
+# field whose name starts with "budget", so a misspelt one fails loudly.
+BUDGET_FIELDS = ("budget", "budget_dropped_when", "budget_uprating")
+# Every field a `budget_terms` entry may carry.
+TERM_FIELDS = BUDGET_FIELDS + ("variable", "name", "kind", "program", "group", "notes")
+# The C parser when PyYAML has it, which parses the registry far faster.
+_YAML_LOADER = getattr(yaml, "CSafeLoader", yaml.SafeLoader)
+
+
+class RegistryError(ValueError):
+    """``programs.yaml`` has malformed or inconsistent budget fields."""
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class BudgetProgram:
+    """One term of the budget totals.
+
+    Attributes:
+        variable: the variable the total adds.
+        label: a display name.
+        budget: ``"tax"`` for a household_tax term, ``"benefit"`` for a
+            household_benefits term.
+        group: a key shared by terms that move together, or None.
+        kind: ``"programme"``, ``"programme_measure"``, ``"reform_measure"``
+            or ``"public_service"`` (see the header of ``programs.yaml``).
+            Only the first two measure a programme.
+        program: the id of the ``programs`` entry the term measures or
+            changes, or None.
+        dropped_when: path of a boolean parameter that removes the term from
+            its total while true, or None.
+        uprating: the gov.contrib.benefit_uprating parameters that scale the
+            term; empty for taxes.
+    """
+
+    variable: str
+    label: str
+    budget: str
+    group: Optional[str]
+    kind: str
+    program: Optional[str]
+    dropped_when: Optional[str]
+    uprating: tuple
+
+    @property
+    def is_tax(self) -> bool:
+        return self.budget == "tax"
+
+    @property
+    def is_programme(self) -> bool:
+        return self.kind in (PROGRAMME, "programme_measure")
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def load_registry() -> dict:
+    """The parsed ``programs.yaml``."""
+    return yaml.load(REGISTRY_PATH.read_text(), Loader=_YAML_LOADER)
+
+
+def _check_budget_fields(entry: dict, name: str) -> None:
+    unknown = sorted(
+        key
+        for key in entry
+        if str(key).startswith("budget") and key not in BUDGET_FIELDS
+    )
+    if unknown:
+        raise RegistryError(f"{name}: unknown budget fields {unknown}")
+    if "budget" not in entry:
+        stray = sorted(key for key in entry if key in BUDGET_FIELDS)
+        if stray:
+            raise RegistryError(f"{name}: {stray} need a budget flag")
+
+
+def _term(entry: dict, kind: str, program: Optional[str]) -> BudgetProgram:
+    variable = entry["variable"]
+    budget = entry["budget"]
+    if budget not in BUDGET_KINDS:
+        raise RegistryError(
+            f"{variable}: budget must be tax or benefit, not {budget!r}"
+        )
+    if "budget_uprating" in entry:
+        if budget != "benefit":
+            raise RegistryError(f"{variable}: only benefit terms take budget_uprating")
+        uprating = tuple(entry["budget_uprating"])
+        unknown = set(uprating) - set(UPRATING_PARAMETERS)
+        if unknown:
+            raise RegistryError(
+                f"{variable}: unknown budget_uprating {sorted(unknown)}"
+            )
+    else:
+        uprating = UPRATING_PARAMETERS if budget == "benefit" else ()
+    group = entry.get("group")
+    if group is not None and not isinstance(group, str):
+        raise RegistryError(f"{variable}: group must be a string")
+    dropped_when = entry.get("budget_dropped_when")
+    if dropped_when is not None and not isinstance(dropped_when, str):
+        raise RegistryError(f"{variable}: budget_dropped_when must be a parameter path")
+    return BudgetProgram(
+        variable=variable,
+        label=entry["name"],
+        budget=budget,
+        group=group,
+        kind=kind,
+        program=program,
+        dropped_when=dropped_when,
+        uprating=uprating,
+    )
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def budget_programs() -> tuple:
+    """Every term of the budget totals, as ``BudgetProgram`` records.
+
+    The household_tax terms come first, then the household_benefits terms,
+    each in the order the total adds them. Every call returns the same
+    tuple. Raises ``RegistryError`` if a budget field is malformed or
+    misspelt, or if the registry's budget fields disagree with
+    ``budget_order``.
+    """
+    return build_budget_programs(load_registry())
+
+
+def build_budget_programs(registry: dict) -> tuple:
+    """The budget terms of a parsed registry; see ``budget_programs``."""
+    programme_ids = {entry["id"] for entry in registry["programs"]}
+    terms = {}
+
+    def add(term):
+        if term.variable in terms:
+            raise RegistryError(f"{term.variable} carries a budget flag twice")
+        terms[term.variable] = term
+
+    for entry in registry["programs"]:
+        _check_budget_fields(entry, entry.get("id", entry.get("variable")))
+        if "budget" in entry:
+            if "variable" not in entry:
+                raise RegistryError(f"{entry['id']}: a budget entry needs a variable")
+            add(_term(entry, PROGRAMME, entry["id"]))
+    for entry in registry.get("budget_terms", []):
+        name = entry.get("variable")
+        _check_budget_fields(entry, name)
+        unknown = sorted(str(key) for key in entry if key not in TERM_FIELDS)
+        if unknown:
+            raise RegistryError(f"{name}: unknown budget_terms fields {unknown}")
+        if "variable" not in entry or "budget" not in entry:
+            raise RegistryError(
+                f"{name}: a budget_terms entry needs variable and budget"
+            )
+        kind = entry.get("kind")
+        if kind not in TERM_KINDS:
+            raise RegistryError(f"{entry['variable']}: unknown kind {kind!r}")
+        program = entry.get("program")
+        if program is not None and program not in programme_ids:
+            raise RegistryError(f"{entry['variable']}: unknown program {program!r}")
+        if kind == "programme_measure" and program is None:
+            raise RegistryError(
+                f"{entry['variable']}: a programme_measure needs a program"
+            )
+        add(_term(entry, kind, program))
+
+    ordered = []
+    order = registry["budget_order"]
+    for budget in BUDGET_KINDS:
+        listed = order[budget]
+        flagged = [t.variable for t in terms.values() if t.budget == budget]
+        if len(set(listed)) != len(listed):
+            raise RegistryError(f"budget_order.{budget} repeats a variable")
+        if set(listed) != set(flagged):
+            raise RegistryError(
+                f"budget_order.{budget} and the entries flagged budget: {budget} "
+                f"differ: only ordered {sorted(set(listed) - set(flagged))}, "
+                f"only flagged {sorted(set(flagged) - set(listed))}"
+            )
+        ordered.extend(terms[variable] for variable in listed)
+    return tuple(ordered)
+
+
+def budget_variables(budget: str) -> list:
+    """The variables a budget total adds, in order.
+
+    ``budget`` is ``"tax"`` (household_tax) or ``"benefit"``
+    (household_benefits). Returns a new list on each call.
+    """
+    if budget not in BUDGET_KINDS:
+        raise ValueError(f"budget must be tax or benefit, not {budget!r}")
+    return [term.variable for term in budget_programs() if term.budget == budget]
+
+
+def _parameter_is_true(parameters_at_instant, path: str) -> bool:
+    return bool(reduce(getattr, path.split("."), parameters_at_instant))
+
+
+def budget_variables_in_effect(budget: str, parameters_at_instant) -> list:
+    """The variables a budget total adds under the given parameters.
+
+    Leaves out each term whose ``budget_dropped_when`` parameter is true,
+    and keeps the order of ``budget_variables``.
+    """
+    return [
+        term.variable
+        for term in budget_programs()
+        if term.budget == budget
+        and not (
+            term.dropped_when
+            and _parameter_is_true(parameters_at_instant, term.dropped_when)
+        )
+    ]
+
+
+def uprated_benefit_variables(benefits: list, uprating_parameter: str) -> list:
+    """The entries of ``benefits`` that ``uprating_parameter`` scales.
+
+    ``uprating_parameter`` is ``"all"`` or ``"non_sp"``, a child of
+    gov.contrib.benefit_uprating. Keeps the order of ``benefits``.
+    """
+    if uprating_parameter not in UPRATING_PARAMETERS:
+        raise ValueError(f"unknown uprating parameter {uprating_parameter!r}")
+    scaled = {
+        term.variable
+        for term in budget_programs()
+        if uprating_parameter in term.uprating
+    }
+    return [benefit for benefit in benefits if benefit in scaled]
diff --git a/policyengine_uk/programs.yaml b/policyengine_uk/programs.yaml
index ba571b4c2e..c0d9083e1a 100644
--- a/policyengine_uk/programs.yaml
+++ b/policyengine_uk/programs.yaml
@@ -2,6 +2,41 @@
 # This is the single source of truth for program coverage information.
 # Served via the /uk/metadata API as modelled_policies.
 # Consumed by policyengine-model to render the model coverage page.
+#
+# The file also defines the budget totals. household_tax and
+# household_benefits add the variables flagged with `budget`, in the order
+# `budget_order` gives; policyengine_uk.programs reads them and
+# budget_programs() returns them with their labels.
+#
+# Budget fields, on `programs` and `budget_terms` entries:
+#   budget               tax or benefit: household_tax (tax) or
+#                        household_benefits (benefit) adds the entry's
+#                        `variable`. Leave it off entries outside the totals.
+#   group                optional key shared by terms that move together,
+#                        such as the childcare entitlements.
+#   budget_dropped_when  optional path of a boolean parameter; the total
+#                        leaves the term out while the parameter is true.
+#   budget_uprating      benefit terms only: which of
+#                        gov.contrib.benefit_uprating's `all` and `non_sp`
+#                        scale the term. A benefit term without it takes
+#                        both.
+#
+# `budget_terms` lists the terms that no `programs` entry carries. They stay
+# out of the coverage list, and each has a `kind`:
+#   programme_measure  the amount the totals count for the `programs` entry
+#                      that `program` names, or for one part of it
+#   programme          a programme the coverage list does not carry yet; it
+#                      has no coverage or verified-year fields until someone
+#                      confirms them and moves it into `programs`
+#   reform_measure     not a programme: a hypothetical tax or benefit, or a
+#                      change from baseline; it stays zero until a reform
+#                      sets it, and `program` may name the programme it
+#                      changes
+#   public_service     not a programme: public services in kind, at their
+#                      cost to government
+#
+# The loader refuses a misspelt field whose name starts with `budget`, and
+# any `budget_terms` field outside the ones above and `name` and `notes`.
 
 programs:
   # --- HMRC programs ---
@@ -25,6 +60,7 @@ programs:
     status: partial
     coverage: UK
     variable: isa_cash_interest_flat_rate_charge
+    budget: tax
     parameter_prefix: gov.hmrc.isa.cash_interest_charge
     verified_start_year: 2027
     notes: Separate final manager charge at the savings basic rate from 6 April 2027. Requires the cash-interest component as an input; subscription-limit compliance is not modelled.
@@ -48,6 +84,7 @@ programs:
     status: complete
     coverage: UK
     variable: income_tax
+    budget: tax
     parameter_prefix: gov.hmrc.income_tax
     verified_start_year: 2019
     notes: Includes Scottish rates via devolved tax bands, the high income child benefit charge, from 2025-26 the winter fuel payment charge, and from 2020-21 the company car and car fuel benefits in kind (no other benefits in kind, and no vans)
@@ -60,6 +97,7 @@ programs:
     status: complete
     coverage: UK
     variable: national_insurance
+    budget: tax
     parameter_prefix: gov.hmrc.national_insurance
     verified_start_year: 2019
     notes: Classes 1, 2, 3, and 4, and Class 1A on the company car and car fuel benefits
@@ -72,6 +110,7 @@ programs:
     status: complete
     coverage: UK
     variable: capital_gains_tax
+    budget: tax
     parameter_prefix: gov.hmrc.cgt
     verified_start_year: 2022
 
@@ -83,6 +122,7 @@ programs:
     status: complete
     coverage: UK
     variable: child_benefit
+    budget: benefit
     parameter_prefix: gov.hmrc.child_benefit
     verified_start_year: 2019
     notes: Includes High Income Child Benefit Charge
@@ -117,6 +157,7 @@ programs:
     status: complete
     coverage: UK
     variable: fuel_duty
+    budget: tax
     parameter_prefix: gov.hmrc.fuel_duty
     verified_start_year: 2022
     notes: Petrol and diesel, plus supplied kilograms of LPG and natural road fuel gas. Gas consumption is not imputed.
@@ -129,6 +170,7 @@ programs:
     status: partial
     coverage: UK
     variable: alcohol_duty
+    budget: tax
     parameter_prefix: gov.hmrc.alcohol_duty
     verified_start_year: 2024
     verified_end_year: 2026
@@ -142,6 +184,7 @@ programs:
     status: partial
     coverage: UK
     variable: tobacco_duty
+    budget: tax
     parameter_prefix: gov.hmrc.tobacco_duty
     verified_start_year: 2024
     verified_end_year: 2026
@@ -155,6 +198,7 @@ programs:
     status: partial
     coverage: UK
     variable: vehicle_excise_duty
+    budget: tax
     parameter_prefix: gov.dft.vehicle_excise_duty
     verified_start_year: 2024
     verified_end_year: 2026
@@ -168,6 +212,7 @@ programs:
     status: partial
     coverage: UK
     variable: gambling_duty
+    budget: tax
     parameter_prefix: gov.hmrc.gambling_duty
     verified_start_year: 2024
     verified_end_year: 2027
@@ -192,6 +237,8 @@ programs:
     status: complete
     coverage: UK
     variable: tax_free_childcare
+    budget: benefit
+    group: childcare
     parameter_prefix: gov.hmrc.tax_free_childcare
     verified_start_year: 2022
 
@@ -213,6 +260,7 @@ programs:
     status: partial
     coverage: UK
     variable: business_rates
+    budget: tax
     parameter_prefix: gov.hmrc.business_rates
     verified_start_year: 2020
     verified_end_year: 2030
@@ -239,6 +287,7 @@ programs:
     status: complete
     coverage: UK
     variable: universal_credit
+    budget: benefit
     parameter_prefix: gov.dwp.universal_credit
     verified_start_year: 2019
     notes: Includes standard allowance, child element, housing costs, work allowances, and taper
@@ -251,6 +300,7 @@ programs:
     status: complete
     coverage: UK
     variable: pension_credit
+    budget: benefit
     parameter_prefix: gov.dwp.pension_credit
     verified_start_year: 2022
     notes: Guarantee Credit and Savings Credit
@@ -263,6 +313,8 @@ programs:
     status: complete
     coverage: UK
     variable: state_pension
+    budget: benefit
+    budget_uprating: [all]
     parameter_prefix: gov.dwp.state_pension
     verified_start_year: 2022
     notes: New State Pension and basic State Pension
@@ -275,6 +327,7 @@ programs:
     status: complete
     coverage: UK
     variable: housing_benefit
+    budget: benefit
     parameter_prefix: gov.dwp.housing_benefit
     verified_start_year: 2022
     notes: Legacy benefit being replaced by Universal Credit
@@ -287,6 +340,7 @@ programs:
     status: complete
     coverage: UK
     variable: income_support
+    budget: benefit
     parameter_prefix: gov.dwp.income_support
     verified_start_year: 2022
 
@@ -322,6 +376,7 @@ programs:
     status: complete
     coverage: UK
     variable: attendance_allowance
+    budget: benefit
     parameter_prefix: gov.dwp.attendance_allowance
     verified_start_year: 2022
 
@@ -333,6 +388,8 @@ programs:
     status: complete
     coverage: UK
     variable: carers_allowance
+    budget: benefit
+    group: carer_benefits
     parameter_prefix: gov.dwp.carers_allowance
     verified_start_year: 2022
     notes: Reduced by overlapping benefits such as State Pension and contributory ESA
@@ -345,6 +402,7 @@ programs:
     status: complete
     coverage: UK
     variable: dla
+    budget: benefit
     parameter_prefix: gov.dwp.dla
     verified_start_year: 2022
 
@@ -356,6 +414,7 @@ programs:
     status: complete
     coverage: UK
     variable: pip
+    budget: benefit
     parameter_prefix: gov.dwp.pip
     verified_start_year: 2022
 
@@ -391,6 +450,7 @@ programs:
     status: complete
     coverage: UK
     variable: sda
+    budget: benefit
     parameter_prefix: gov.dwp.sda
     verified_start_year: 2022
 
@@ -414,6 +474,7 @@ programs:
     status: complete
     coverage: UK
     variable: ssmg
+    budget: benefit
     parameter_prefix: gov.dwp.ssmg
     verified_start_year: 2022
 
@@ -425,6 +486,7 @@ programs:
     status: complete
     coverage: UK
     variable: maternity_allowance
+    budget: benefit
     verified_start_year: 2022
 
   # --- DfE programs ---
@@ -436,6 +498,8 @@ programs:
     status: complete
     coverage: England
     variable: universal_childcare_entitlement
+    budget: benefit
+    group: childcare
     parameter_prefix: gov.dfe.universal_childcare_entitlement
     verified_start_year: 2023
     verified_end_year: 2025
@@ -449,6 +513,8 @@ programs:
     status: complete
     coverage: England
     variable: extended_childcare_entitlement
+    budget: benefit
+    group: childcare
     parameter_prefix: gov.dfe.extended_childcare_entitlement
     verified_start_year: 2023
     verified_end_year: 2025
@@ -462,6 +528,8 @@ programs:
     status: complete
     coverage: England
     variable: targeted_childcare_entitlement
+    budget: benefit
+    group: childcare
     parameter_prefix: gov.dfe.targeted_childcare_entitlement
     verified_start_year: 2023
     verified_end_year: 2025
@@ -475,6 +543,8 @@ programs:
     status: partial
     coverage: Wales
     variable: wales_childcare_offer
+    budget: benefit
+    group: childcare
     parameter_prefix: gov.welsh_government.childcare_offer
     verified_start_year: 2020
     verified_end_year: 2026
@@ -488,6 +558,8 @@ programs:
     status: partial
     coverage: England
     variable: childcare_grant
+    budget: benefit
+    group: student_support
     parameter_prefix: gov.dfe.childcare_grant
     verified_start_year: 2025
     notes: First-pass full-time undergraduate England model using explicit full-time, SEN, and childcare-support inputs plus maintenance-loan proxies; eligible children's childcare_expenses are out-of-pocket spend net of free hours, aggregated and capped once per benefit unit. The model allocates the family award to the eldest eligible student parent; actual student partners can share it.
@@ -500,6 +572,8 @@ programs:
     status: partial
     coverage: England
     variable: parents_learning_allowance
+    budget: benefit
+    group: student_support
     parameter_prefix: gov.dfe.parents_learning_allowance
     verified_start_year: 2025
     notes: First-pass England model using the published maximum amount and household-income cutoff, with higher-education evidence as the default course proxy and an explicit override for edge cases such as 120-credit or teacher-training routes
@@ -513,6 +587,8 @@ programs:
     status: partial
     coverage: England
     variable: adult_dependants_grant
+    budget: benefit
+    group: student_support
     parameter_prefix: gov.dfe.adult_dependants_grant
     verified_start_year: 2025
     notes: First-pass England model using the published maximum amount and household-income tests, with automatic 25-plus couple detection and explicit inputs for under-25 spouse/civil-partner and non-partner adult dependant cases
@@ -525,6 +601,8 @@ programs:
     status: partial
     coverage: England
     variable: travel_grant
+    budget: benefit
+    group: student_support
     parameter_prefix: gov.dfe.travel_grant
     verified_start_year: 2025
     notes: First-pass England model using the published initial contribution and household-income reduction formula, with explicit placement and eligible-expense inputs because the survey does not observe reimbursable travel costs
@@ -537,6 +615,8 @@ programs:
     status: partial
     coverage: England
     variable: disabled_students_allowance
+    budget: benefit
+    group: student_support
     parameter_prefix: gov.dfe.disabled_students_allowance
     verified_start_year: 2025
     notes: First-pass England model using the published annual cap, higher-education evidence as the default course proxy, a narrow qualifying-condition proxy with explicit override, and explicit disability-related study support costs
@@ -549,6 +629,8 @@ programs:
     status: partial
     coverage: England
     variable: bursary_fund_16_to_19
+    budget: benefit
+    group: student_support
     parameter_prefix: gov.dfe.bursary_fund_16_to_19
     verified_start_year: 2025
     notes: First-pass model of the defined vulnerable-group bursary only, using explicit care, self-supporting, and participation-cost inputs plus person-level reported-benefit proxies
@@ -562,6 +644,7 @@ programs:
     status: complete
     coverage: UK
     variable: tv_licence
+    budget: tax
     parameter_prefix: gov.dcms.bbc
     verified_start_year: 2022
 
@@ -574,6 +657,9 @@ programs:
     status: complete
     coverage: Great Britain
     variable: council_tax
+    budget: tax
+    group: council_tax
+    budget_dropped_when: gov.contrib.abolish_council_tax
     verified_start_year: 2022
 
   - id: council_tax_reduction
@@ -609,6 +695,7 @@ programs:
     status: partial
     coverage: UK
     variable: energy_bills_rebate
+    budget: benefit
     parameter_prefix: gov.treasury.energy_bills_rebate
     verified_start_year: 2022
     verified_end_year: 2023
@@ -629,6 +716,7 @@ programs:
     status: complete
     coverage: England
     variable: household_energy_payment
+    budget: benefit
     parameter_prefix: gov.treasury.household_energy_payment
     verified_start_year: 2026
     verified_end_year: 2026
@@ -693,6 +781,7 @@ programs:
     status: complete
     coverage: Scotland
     variable: scottish_child_payment
+    budget: benefit
     parameter_prefix: gov.social_security_scotland.scottish_child_payment
     verified_start_year: 2022
 
@@ -707,3 +796,418 @@ programs:
     parameter_prefix: gov.social_security_scotland.pawhp
     verified_start_year: 2024
     notes: Replaced the Winter Fuel Payment in Scotland from winter 2024-25. From winter 2025-26 recovered by the winter fuel payment charge (income tax) above £35,000 of total income
+
+# Budget terms that no programme entry above carries. The coverage list
+# (`programs`) leaves these out: some measure part of a listed programme,
+# some a programme the list doesn't carry yet, some no programme. `kind`
+# says which; see the header.
+budget_terms:
+  # --- Taxes ---
+  - variable: expected_sdlt
+    name: Stamp Duty Land Tax on household purchases
+    budget: tax
+    kind: programme_measure
+    program: stamp_duty_land_tax
+    group: property_transaction_taxes
+
+  - variable: expected_ltt
+    name: Land Transaction Tax on household purchases
+    budget: tax
+    kind: programme
+    group: property_transaction_taxes
+    notes: Welsh Revenue Authority's tax on property purchases in Wales. Not yet in the coverage list.
+
+  - variable: expected_lbtt
+    name: Land and Buildings Transaction Tax on household purchases
+    budget: tax
+    kind: programme_measure
+    program: lbtt
+    group: property_transaction_taxes
+
+  - variable: corporate_sdlt
+    name: Stamp Duty Land Tax paid by companies
+    budget: tax
+    kind: programme_measure
+    program: stamp_duty_land_tax
+    group: property_transaction_taxes
+    notes: Stamp Duty Land Tax that companies pay; the model shares it across households by shareholding.
+
+  - variable: high_value_council_tax_surcharge
+    name: High Value Council Tax Surcharge
+    budget: tax
+    kind: programme
+    group: council_tax
+    budget_dropped_when: gov.contrib.abolish_council_tax
+    notes: Not yet in the coverage list.
+
+  - variable: domestic_rates
+    name: Domestic rates
+    budget: tax
+    kind: programme
+    notes: Northern Ireland's domestic rates. Not yet in the coverage list.
+
+  - variable: wealth_tax
+    name: Wealth tax
+    budget: tax
+    kind: reform_measure
+    notes: A hypothetical tax, zero unless a reform sets its rates.
+
+  - variable: non_primary_residence_wealth_tax
+    name: Wealth tax excluding the main residence
+    budget: tax
+    kind: reform_measure
+    notes: A hypothetical tax, zero unless a reform sets its rates.
+
+  - variable: LVT
+    name: Land value tax
+    budget: tax
+    kind: reform_measure
+    notes: A hypothetical tax, zero unless a reform sets its rates.
+
+  - variable: carbon_tax
+    name: Carbon tax
+    budget: tax
+    kind: reform_measure
+    notes: A hypothetical tax, zero unless a reform sets its rates.
+
+  - variable: vat_change
+    name: Change in VAT
+    budget: tax
+    kind: reform_measure
+    program: vat
+    group: vat
+    notes: VAT less baseline VAT. The totals count this change, not the VAT level (`vat`).
+
+  - variable: private_school_vat_change
+    name: Change in private school VAT
+    budget: tax
+    kind: reform_measure
+    program: vat
+    group: vat
+    notes: Private school VAT less its baseline.
+
+  - variable: corporate_incident_tax_revenue_change
+    name: Unspecified tax change borne by capital
+    budget: tax
+    kind: reform_measure
+    notes: A lump-sum revenue change that a reform sets; the model shares it across households by shareholding.
+
+  - variable: consumer_incident_tax_revenue_change
+    name: Unspecified tax change borne by consumers
+    budget: tax
+    kind: reform_measure
+    notes: A lump-sum revenue change that a reform sets; the model shares it across households by consumption.
+
+  - variable: employer_ni_response_capital_incidence
+    name: Employer National Insurance change borne by capital
+    budget: tax
+    kind: reform_measure
+    group: employer_ni_incidence
+    notes: The share of a change in employer National Insurance that falls on capital. The totals count this change, not employer National Insurance (`ni_employer`).
+
+  - variable: employer_ni_response_consumer_incidence
+    name: Employer National Insurance change borne by consumers
+    budget: tax
+    kind: reform_measure
+    group: employer_ni_incidence
+    notes: The share of a change in employer National Insurance that falls on consumers through prices.
+
+  - variable: student_loan_repayments
+    name: Student loan repayments
+    budget: tax
+    kind: programme_measure
+    program: student_loans
+
+  # --- Benefits ---
+  - variable: council_tax_benefit
+    name: Council Tax Reduction
+    budget: benefit
+    kind: programme_measure
+    program: council_tax_reduction
+    budget_dropped_when: gov.contrib.abolish_council_tax
+
+  - variable: esa_income
+    name: ESA (income-related)
+    budget: benefit
+    kind: programme_measure
+    program: esa
+    group: esa
+
+  - variable: esa_contrib
+    name: ESA (contribution-based)
+    budget: benefit
+    kind: programme_measure
+    program: esa
+    group: esa
+
+  - variable: jsa_income
+    name: JSA (income-based)
+    budget: benefit
+    kind: programme_measure
+    program: jsa
+    group: jsa
+
+  - variable: jsa_contrib
+    name: JSA (contribution-based)
+    budget: benefit
+    kind: programme_measure
+    program: jsa
+    group: jsa
+
+  - variable: working_tax_credit
+    name: Working Tax Credit
+    budget: benefit
+    kind: programme_measure
+    program: tax_credits
+    group: tax_credits
+
+  - variable: child_tax_credit
+    name: Child Tax Credit
+    budget: benefit
+    kind: programme_measure
+    program: tax_credits
+    group: tax_credits
+
+  - variable: afcs
+    name: Armed Forces Compensation Scheme
+    budget: benefit
+    kind: programme
+    notes: Reported amounts. Not yet in the coverage list.
+
+  - variable: bsp
+    name: Bereavement Support Payment
+    budget: benefit
+    kind: programme
+    notes: Not yet in the coverage list.
+
+  - variable: war_widows_pension
+    name: War Widow's or Widower's Pension
+    budget: benefit
+    kind: programme
+    notes: Reported amounts. Not yet in the coverage list.
+
+  - variable: widowed_parents_allowance
+    name: Widowed Parent's Allowance
+    budget: benefit
+    kind: programme
+    notes: Not yet in the coverage list.
+
+  - variable: iidb
+    name: Industrial Injuries Disablement Benefit
+    budget: benefit
+    kind: programme
+    notes: Reported amounts. Not yet in the coverage list.
+
+  - variable: incapacity_benefit
+    name: Incapacity Benefit
+    budget: benefit
+    kind: programme
+    notes: Not yet in the coverage list.
+
+  - variable: statutory_sick_pay
+    name: Statutory Sick Pay
+    budget: benefit
+    kind: programme
+    group: statutory_pay
+    notes: Not yet in the coverage list.
+
+  - variable: statutory_maternity_pay
+    name: Statutory Maternity Pay
+    budget: benefit
+    kind: programme
+    group: statutory_pay
+    notes: Not yet in the coverage list.
+
+  - variable: statutory_paternity_pay
+    name: Statutory Paternity Pay
+    budget: benefit
+    kind: programme
+    group: statutory_pay
+    notes: Not yet in the coverage list.
+
+  - variable: basic_income
+    name: Basic income
+    budget: benefit
+    kind: reform_measure
+    budget_uprating: []
+    notes: A hypothetical benefit, zero unless a reform sets its amounts.
+
+  - variable: epg_subsidy
+    name: Energy Price Guarantee subsidy
+    budget: benefit
+    kind: programme_measure
+    program: energy_price_guarantee
+
+  - variable: cost_of_living_support_payment
+    name: Cost of Living Support payments
+    budget: benefit
+    kind: programme_measure
+    program: cost_of_living_support
+
+  - variable: winter_fuel_allowance
+    name: Winter Fuel Payment
+    budget: benefit
+    kind: programme_measure
+    program: winter_fuel_payment
+    group: winter_heating_payments
+
+  - variable: pawhp
+    name: Pension Age Winter Heating Payment
+    budget: benefit
+    kind: programme_measure
+    program: pawhp
+    group: winter_heating_payments
+
+  - variable: care_to_learn
+    name: Care to Learn
+    budget: benefit
+    kind: programme
+    group: student_support
+    notes: Not yet in the coverage list.
+
+  - variable: nhs_spending
+    name: NHS spending
+    budget: benefit
+    kind: public_service
+    group: public_services_in_kind
+    notes: Public services the household uses, at their cost to government. Not a cash programme.
+
+  - variable: dfe_education_spending
+    name: State education spending
+    budget: benefit
+    kind: public_service
+    group: public_services_in_kind
+    notes: Public services the household uses, at their cost to government. Not a cash programme.
+
+  - variable: dft_subsidy_spending
+    name: Transport subsidy spending
+    budget: benefit
+    kind: public_service
+    group: public_services_in_kind
+    notes: Public services the household uses, at their cost to government. Not a cash programme.
+
+  - variable: healthy_start_vouchers
+    name: Healthy Start vouchers
+    budget: benefit
+    kind: programme
+    notes: Not yet in the coverage list.
+
+  - variable: two_child_limit_payment
+    name: Two Child Limit Payment
+    budget: benefit
+    kind: reform_measure
+    notes: A proposed Scottish payment, whose regulations the Scottish Government confirmed on 3 December 2025 it will not lay. Zero unless a reform switches it on.
+
+  - variable: carer_support_payment
+    name: Carer Support Payment
+    budget: benefit
+    kind: programme
+    group: carer_benefits
+    notes: Scotland's replacement for Carer's Allowance. Not yet in the coverage list.
+
+  - variable: scottish_carer_supplement
+    name: Carer's Allowance Supplement
+    budget: benefit
+    kind: programme
+    group: carer_benefits
+    notes: Scotland's supplement to Carer's Allowance. Not yet in the coverage list.
+
+  - variable: disability_basic_income
+    name: Disability basic income
+    budget: benefit
+    kind: reform_measure
+    notes: A hypothetical benefit, zero unless a reform sets its amount.
+
+# The order in which household_tax and household_benefits add their terms.
+# Each list holds every variable whose entry above has that `budget` value,
+# once. Float sums depend on order, so append a new term at the end of its
+# list rather than reordering.
+budget_order:
+  tax:
+    - isa_cash_interest_flat_rate_charge
+    - expected_sdlt
+    - expected_ltt
+    - expected_lbtt
+    - corporate_sdlt
+    - business_rates
+    - council_tax
+    - high_value_council_tax_surcharge
+    - domestic_rates
+    - fuel_duty
+    - alcohol_duty
+    - tobacco_duty
+    - gambling_duty
+    - vehicle_excise_duty
+    - tv_licence
+    - wealth_tax
+    - non_primary_residence_wealth_tax
+    - income_tax
+    - national_insurance
+    - LVT
+    - carbon_tax
+    - vat_change
+    - capital_gains_tax
+    - private_school_vat_change
+    - corporate_incident_tax_revenue_change
+    - consumer_incident_tax_revenue_change
+    - employer_ni_response_capital_incidence
+    - employer_ni_response_consumer_incidence
+    - student_loan_repayments
+  benefit:
+    - child_benefit
+    - council_tax_benefit
+    - esa_income
+    - esa_contrib
+    - housing_benefit
+    - income_support
+    - jsa_income
+    - jsa_contrib
+    - pension_credit
+    - universal_credit
+    - working_tax_credit
+    - child_tax_credit
+    - attendance_allowance
+    - afcs
+    - bsp
+    - war_widows_pension
+    - widowed_parents_allowance
+    - carers_allowance
+    - dla
+    - iidb
+    - incapacity_benefit
+    - pip
+    - sda
+    - state_pension
+    - maternity_allowance
+    - statutory_sick_pay
+    - statutory_maternity_pay
+    - statutory_paternity_pay
+    - ssmg
+    - basic_income
+    - epg_subsidy
+    - cost_of_living_support_payment
+    - energy_bills_rebate
+    - household_energy_payment
+    - winter_fuel_allowance
+    - pawhp
+    - tax_free_childcare
+    - extended_childcare_entitlement
+    - universal_childcare_entitlement
+    - targeted_childcare_entitlement
+    - wales_childcare_offer
+    - care_to_learn
+    - childcare_grant
+    - parents_learning_allowance
+    - adult_dependants_grant
+    - travel_grant
+    - disabled_students_allowance
+    - bursary_fund_16_to_19
+    - nhs_spending
+    - dfe_education_spending
+    - dft_subsidy_spending
+    - healthy_start_vouchers
+    - two_child_limit_payment
+    - scottish_child_payment
+    - carer_support_payment
+    - scottish_carer_supplement
+    - disability_basic_income
diff --git a/policyengine_uk/tests/test_budget_programs.py b/policyengine_uk/tests/test_budget_programs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6391829bc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/policyengine_uk/tests/test_budget_programs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+"""The budget totals add the budget terms in programs.yaml and no others.
+
+household_tax adds the programs.yaml terms flagged ``budget: tax`` and
+household_benefits those flagged ``budget: benefit``, in ``budget_order``.
+The drift tests parse the YAML themselves rather than through
+policyengine_uk.programs. The tests check:
+
+1. Drift: each total's formula reads the flagged terms and no others, less
+   those whose ``budget_dropped_when`` parameter is true, in the order its
+   ``add`` calls imply; the fiscal partition's ``dropped_when`` for each
+   total names the same terms as the registry.
+2. Differential: HOUSEHOLD_TAX_VARIABLES and HOUSEHOLD_BENEFIT_VARIABLES
+   equal, in order, the lists the formula modules held as literals at commit
+   2da212abcf2086337fc088a4a1236f4ae7b6af63, and the council tax and
+   uprating rules match the ones those formulas applied.
+3. budget_programs() returns the same records in a fresh interpreter,
+   whichever module that interpreter imports first.
+4. Properties: every budget_programs() variable exists, none repeats, and
+   each sign agrees with the list it came from; budget_variables_in_effect
+   and uprated_benefit_variables return subsequences of budget_order, in
+   order; on generated registries (Hypothesis), the loader keeps
+   budget_order's order and refuses a registry whose flags and order
+   disagree.
+5. Validation: the loader refuses each kind of malformed or misspelt budget
+   field.
+"""
+
+import copy
+import json
+import re
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+
+import pytest
+import yaml
+from hypothesis import given, settings
+from hypothesis import strategies as st
+
+from policyengine_uk import CountryTaxBenefitSystem, Simulation
+from policyengine_uk.programs import (
+    REGISTRY_PATH,
+    BudgetProgram,
+    RegistryError,
+    build_budget_programs,
+    budget_programs,
+    budget_variables,
+    budget_variables_in_effect,
+    uprated_benefit_variables,
+)
+from policyengine_uk.utils.aggregate_impact.partition import (
+    default_partition_path,
+    load_partition,
+)
+from policyengine_uk.variables.gov.hmrc.household_tax import HOUSEHOLD_TAX_VARIABLES
+from policyengine_uk.variables.household.income.household_benefits import (
+    HOUSEHOLD_BENEFIT_VARIABLES,
+)
+
+SYSTEM = CountryTaxBenefitSystem()
+RAW = yaml.safe_load(REGISTRY_PATH.read_text())
+ABOLISH_COUNCIL_TAX = "gov.contrib.abolish_council_tax"
+LISTS = {"tax": HOUSEHOLD_TAX_VARIABLES, "benefit": HOUSEHOLD_BENEFIT_VARIABLES}
+TOTALS = {"tax": "household_tax", "benefit": "household_benefits"}
+
+# The lists as household_tax.py and household_benefits.py held them at
+# commit 2da212ab, before the totals read programs.yaml.
+MAIN_HOUSEHOLD_TAX_VARIABLES = [
+    "isa_cash_interest_flat_rate_charge",
+    "expected_sdlt",
+    "expected_ltt",
+    "expected_lbtt",
+    "corporate_sdlt",
+    "business_rates",
+    "council_tax",
+    "high_value_council_tax_surcharge",
+    "domestic_rates",
+    "fuel_duty",
+    "alcohol_duty",
+    "tobacco_duty",
+    "gambling_duty",
+    "vehicle_excise_duty",
+    "tv_licence",
+    "wealth_tax",
+    "non_primary_residence_wealth_tax",
+    "income_tax",
+    "national_insurance",
+    "LVT",
+    "carbon_tax",
+    "vat_change",
+    "capital_gains_tax",
+    "private_school_vat_change",
+    "corporate_incident_tax_revenue_change",
+    "consumer_incident_tax_revenue_change",
+    "employer_ni_response_capital_incidence",
+    "employer_ni_response_consumer_incidence",
+    "student_loan_repayments",
+]
+
+MAIN_HOUSEHOLD_BENEFIT_VARIABLES = [
+    "child_benefit",
+    "council_tax_benefit",
+    "esa_income",
+    "esa_contrib",
+    "housing_benefit",
+    "income_support",
+    "jsa_income",
+    "jsa_contrib",
+    "pension_credit",
+    "universal_credit",
+    "working_tax_credit",
+    "child_tax_credit",
+    "attendance_allowance",
+    "afcs",
+    "bsp",
+    "war_widows_pension",
+    "widowed_parents_allowance",
+    "carers_allowance",
+    "dla",
+    "iidb",
+    "incapacity_benefit",
+    "pip",
+    "sda",
+    "state_pension",
+    "maternity_allowance",
+    "statutory_sick_pay",
+    "statutory_maternity_pay",
+    "statutory_paternity_pay",
+    "ssmg",
+    "basic_income",
+    "epg_subsidy",
+    "cost_of_living_support_payment",
+    "energy_bills_rebate",
+    "household_energy_payment",
+    "winter_fuel_allowance",
+    "pawhp",
+    "tax_free_childcare",
+    "extended_childcare_entitlement",
+    "universal_childcare_entitlement",
+    "targeted_childcare_entitlement",
+    "wales_childcare_offer",
+    "care_to_learn",
+    "childcare_grant",
+    "parents_learning_allowance",
+    "adult_dependants_grant",
+    "travel_grant",
+    "disabled_students_allowance",
+    "bursary_fund_16_to_19",
+    "nhs_spending",
+    "dfe_education_spending",
+    "dft_subsidy_spending",
+    "healthy_start_vouchers",
+    "two_child_limit_payment",
+    "scottish_child_payment",
+    "carer_support_payment",
+    "scottish_carer_supplement",
+    "disability_basic_income",
+]
+
+# The rules those formulas applied: abolishing council tax removed these
+# terms, the non_sp uprating left out the State Pension, and neither uprating
+# scaled basic income.
+MAIN_DROPPED_WHEN_ABOLISHING_COUNCIL_TAX = {
+    "council_tax",
+    "high_value_council_tax_surcharge",
+    "council_tax_benefit",
+}
+MAIN_UPRATING_EXCEPTIONS = {"state_pension": ("all",), "basic_income": ()}
+
+
+def flagged(budget):
+    """Variables the raw YAML flags with ``budget``, from both sections."""
+    entries = RAW["programs"] + RAW["budget_terms"]
+    return [entry["variable"] for entry in entries if entry.get("budget") == budget]
+
+
+# 1. Drift
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("budget", ["tax", "benefit"])
+def test_registry_flags_are_the_listed_terms(budget):
+    names = flagged(budget)
+    assert len(names) == len(set(names))
+    assert sorted(names) == sorted(LISTS[budget])
+    assert RAW["budget_order"][budget] == LISTS[budget]
+
+
+def read_by_formula(total, reform):
+    """The variables ``total``'s formula reads, in the order it reads them."""
+    year = 2026
+    sim = Simulation(
+        situation={
+            "people": {"adult": {"age": {year: 40}}},
+            "benunits": {"benunit": {"members": ["adult"]}},
+            "households": {"household": {"members": ["adult"]}},
+        },
+        reform=reform or None,
+    )
+    sim.trace = True
+    sim.calculate(total, year)
+    (root,) = [tree for tree in sim.tracer.trees if tree.name == total]
+    return [child.name for child in root.children]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("abolish", [False, True], ids=["current_law", "abolished"])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("budget", ["tax", "benefit"])
+def test_totals_read_exactly_the_registry_terms(budget, abolish):
+    reform = {ABOLISH_COUNCIL_TAX: True} if abolish else {}
+    expected = [
+        name
+        for name in RAW["budget_order"][budget]
+        if not (abolish and name in MAIN_DROPPED_WHEN_ABOLISHING_COUNCIL_TAX)
+    ]
+    read = read_by_formula(TOTALS[budget], reform)
+    assert set(read) == set(expected)
+    if budget == "tax":
+        # household_tax makes one add() call, so the trace lists its reads in
+        # summation order.
+        assert read == expected
+    else:
+        # household_benefits adds the terms the `all` rate scales, then those
+        # the `non_sp` rate scales, then every term; the trace lists the
+        # first read of each term in that order.
+        assert list(dict.fromkeys(read)) == list(
+            dict.fromkeys(
+                raw_uprated(expected, "all")
+                + raw_uprated(expected, "non_sp")
+                + expected
+            )
+        )
+
+
+def raw_uprated(benefits, rate):
+    """The entries of ``benefits`` the raw YAML lets ``rate`` scale, in order."""
+    uprating = {
+        entry["variable"]: entry.get("budget_uprating", ["all", "non_sp"])
+        for entry in RAW["programs"] + RAW["budget_terms"]
+        if entry.get("budget") == "benefit"
+    }
+    return [benefit for benefit in benefits if rate in uprating[benefit]]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("budget", ["tax", "benefit"])
+def test_partition_drops_the_registry_terms(budget):
+    """fiscal_partition.yaml's dropped_when for each total names the terms
+    that carry the same budget_dropped_when in programs.yaml."""
+    partition = load_partition(default_partition_path())
+    entries = [
+        entry
+        for entry in RAW["programs"] + RAW["budget_terms"]
+        if entry.get("budget") == budget
+    ]
+    switches = {
+        entry["budget_dropped_when"]
+        for entry in entries
+        if "budget_dropped_when" in entry
+    } | set(partition.dropped_when_parameters())
+    assert switches
+    for switch in switches:
+        assert partition.dropped(TOTALS[budget], [switch]) == {
+            entry["variable"]
+            for entry in entries
+            if entry.get("budget_dropped_when") == switch
+        }, switch
+
+
+# 2. Differential against main
+
+
+def test_household_tax_variables_equal_main():
+    assert HOUSEHOLD_TAX_VARIABLES == MAIN_HOUSEHOLD_TAX_VARIABLES
+    assert budget_variables("tax") == MAIN_HOUSEHOLD_TAX_VARIABLES
+
+
+def test_household_benefit_variables_equal_main():
+    assert HOUSEHOLD_BENEFIT_VARIABLES == MAIN_HOUSEHOLD_BENEFIT_VARIABLES
+    assert budget_variables("benefit") == MAIN_HOUSEHOLD_BENEFIT_VARIABLES
+
+
+def test_council_tax_and_uprating_rules_equal_main():
+    dropped = {p.variable for p in budget_programs() if p.dropped_when}
+    assert dropped == MAIN_DROPPED_WHEN_ABOLISHING_COUNCIL_TAX
+    assert {p.dropped_when for p in budget_programs() if p.dropped_when} == {
+        ABOLISH_COUNCIL_TAX
+    }
+    for program in budget_programs():
+        if program.is_tax:
+            assert program.uprating == ()
+        else:
+            expected = MAIN_UPRATING_EXCEPTIONS.get(program.variable, ("all", "non_sp"))
+            assert program.uprating == expected, program.variable
+
+
+# 3. Fresh interpreter
+
+FRESH_SCRIPT = """
+import dataclasses, json, sys
+if sys.argv[1] == "programs":
+    from policyengine_uk.programs import budget_programs
+elif sys.argv[1] == "household_tax":
+    from policyengine_uk.variables.gov.hmrc.household_tax import HOUSEHOLD_TAX_VARIABLES
+    from policyengine_uk.programs import budget_programs
+else:
+    import policyengine_uk
+    budget_programs = policyengine_uk.programs.budget_programs
+print(json.dumps([dataclasses.asdict(p) for p in budget_programs()]))
+"""
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("first_import", ["programs", "household_tax", "package"])
+def test_budget_programs_in_a_fresh_interpreter(first_import):
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        [sys.executable, "-c", FRESH_SCRIPT, first_import],
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+        check=True,
+    )
+    fresh = json.loads(result.stdout.strip().splitlines()[-1])
+    here = [
+        {**program.__dict__, "uprating": list(program.uprating)}
+        for program in budget_programs()
+    ]
+    assert fresh == here
+
+
+def test_budget_programs_have_labels_and_kinds():
+    for program in budget_programs():
+        assert isinstance(program, BudgetProgram)
+        assert program.label.strip()
+        assert program.kind in {
+            "programme",
+            "programme_measure",
+            "reform_measure",
+            "public_service",
+        }
+        if program.kind == "programme_measure":
+            assert program.program is not None
+    ids = {entry["id"] for entry in RAW["programs"]}
+    non_programmes = [p for p in budget_programs() if not p.is_programme]
+    assert {p.variable for p in non_programmes} >= {
+        "vat_change",
+        "employer_ni_response_capital_incidence",
+        "employer_ni_response_consumer_incidence",
+    }
+    # A term that is not a programme never sits in the coverage list.
+    coverage_variables = {entry.get("variable") for entry in RAW["programs"]}
+    assert not {p.variable for p in non_programmes} & coverage_variables
+    assert all(p.program in ids for p in budget_programs() if p.program)
+
+
+# 4. Properties
+
+PROGRAMS = budget_programs()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("program", PROGRAMS, ids=lambda p: p.variable)
+def test_each_budget_program_exists_once_with_its_list_sign(program):
+    assert program.variable in SYSTEM.variables
+    assert [p.variable for p in PROGRAMS].count(program.variable) == 1
+    assert program.budget in ("tax", "benefit")
+    own, other = (
+        (HOUSEHOLD_TAX_VARIABLES, HOUSEHOLD_BENEFIT_VARIABLES)
+        if program.is_tax
+        else (HOUSEHOLD_BENEFIT_VARIABLES, HOUSEHOLD_TAX_VARIABLES)
+    )
+    assert program.variable in own
+    assert program.variable not in other
+
+
+def is_ordered_subsequence(part, whole):
+    position = iter(whole)
+    return all(item in position for item in part)
+
+
+def parameters_with(switches):
+    """A stand-in for parameters at an instant, with each switch path set."""
+    root = SimpleNamespace()
+    for path, value in switches.items():
+        node = root
+        *parents, leaf = path.split(".")
+        for name in parents:
+            if not hasattr(node, name):
+                setattr(node, name, SimpleNamespace())
+            node = getattr(node, name)
+        setattr(node, leaf, value)
+    return root
+
+
+SWITCHES = sorted({p.dropped_when for p in PROGRAMS if p.dropped_when})
+
+
+@settings(max_examples=100, deadline=None, derandomize=True)
+@given(
+    st.sampled_from(["tax", "benefit"]),
+    st.fixed_dictionaries({switch: st.booleans() for switch in SWITCHES}),
+    st.sampled_from(["all", "non_sp"]),
+    st.data(),
+)
+def test_selections_are_ordered_subsequences_of_budget_order(
+    budget, switches, rate, data
+):
+    order = RAW["budget_order"][budget]
+    in_effect = budget_variables_in_effect(budget, parameters_with(switches))
+    assert is_ordered_subsequence(in_effect, order)
+    on = {path for path, value in switches.items() if value}
+    assert in_effect == [
+        p.variable for p in PROGRAMS if p.budget == budget and p.dropped_when not in on
+    ]
+    benefits = RAW["budget_order"]["benefit"]
+    chosen = data.draw(st.lists(st.sampled_from(benefits), unique=True))
+    subset = [benefit for benefit in benefits if benefit in chosen]
+    for selection in (
+        subset,
+        budget_variables_in_effect("benefit", parameters_with(switches)),
+    ):
+        uprated = uprated_benefit_variables(selection, rate)
+        assert is_ordered_subsequence(uprated, selection)
+        assert is_ordered_subsequence(uprated, benefits)
+
+
+names = st.text(alphabet="abcdefghij_", min_size=1, max_size=8)
+
+
+@st.composite
+def registries(draw):
+    """A registry with flagged terms in both sections and a shuffled order."""
+    variables = draw(st.lists(names, min_size=1, max_size=12, unique=True))
+    budgets = [draw(st.sampled_from(["tax", "benefit"])) for _ in variables]
+    in_programs = [draw(st.booleans()) for _ in variables]
+    programs, terms = [], []
+    for variable, budget, listed in zip(variables, budgets, in_programs):
+        entry = {"variable": variable, "name": variable.title(), "budget": budget}
+        if listed:
+            programs.append({"id": f"id_{variable}", **entry})
+        else:
+            terms.append({**entry, "kind": "reform_measure"})
+    order = {
+        budget: draw(
+            st.permutations([v for v, b in zip(variables, budgets) if b == budget])
+        )
+        for budget in ("tax", "benefit")
+    }
+    return {"programs": programs, "budget_terms": terms, "budget_order": order}
+
+
+@settings(max_examples=100, deadline=None, derandomize=True)
+@given(registries())
+def test_loader_keeps_budget_order_and_signs(registry):
+    built = build_budget_programs(registry)
+    for budget in ("tax", "benefit"):
+        assert [p.variable for p in built if p.budget == budget] == list(
+            registry["budget_order"][budget]
+        )
+    variables = [p.variable for p in built]
+    assert len(variables) == len(set(variables))
+    # Taxes come before benefits.
+    kinds = [p.budget for p in built]
+    assert kinds == sorted(kinds, key=["tax", "benefit"].index)
+
+
+@settings(max_examples=100, deadline=None, derandomize=True)
+@given(registries(), st.data())
+def test_loader_refuses_order_that_disagrees_with_flags(registry, data):
+    budget = data.draw(
+        st.sampled_from([b for b in ("tax", "benefit") if registry["budget_order"][b]])
+    )
+    order = list(registry["budget_order"][budget])
+    if data.draw(st.booleans()):
+        order.pop(data.draw(st.integers(0, len(order) - 1)))
+    else:
+        order.append(data.draw(st.sampled_from(order)))
+    broken = {**registry, "budget_order": {**registry["budget_order"], budget: order}}
+    with pytest.raises(RegistryError):
+        build_budget_programs(broken)
+
+
+# 5. Validation
+
+VALID = {
+    "programs": [
+        {
+            "id": "council_tax",
+            "name": "Council Tax",
+            "variable": "council_tax",
+            "budget": "tax",
+            "budget_dropped_when": "gov.contrib.abolish_council_tax",
+        },
+        {"id": "esa", "name": "ESA", "variable": "esa"},
+    ],
+    "budget_terms": [
+        {
+            "variable": "basic_income",
+            "name": "Basic income",
+            "budget": "benefit",
+            "kind": "reform_measure",
+            "budget_uprating": [],
+        },
+        {
+            "variable": "esa_income",
+            "name": "ESA (income-related)",
+            "budget": "benefit",
+            "kind": "programme_measure",
+            "program": "esa",
+            "group": "esa",
+        },
+    ],
+    "budget_order": {
+        "tax": ["council_tax"],
+        "benefit": ["basic_income", "esa_income"],
+    },
+}
+
+
+def test_valid_example_registry_loads():
+    built = build_budget_programs(VALID)
+    assert [p.variable for p in built] == ["council_tax", "basic_income", "esa_income"]
+    assert built[0].dropped_when == "gov.contrib.abolish_council_tax"
+    assert built[1].uprating == ()
+    assert built[2].uprating == ("all", "non_sp")
+
+
+def _set(path, value):
+    def change(registry):
+        section, index, key = path
+        registry[section][index][key] = value
+
+    return change
+
+
+def _delete(path):
+    def change(registry):
+        section, index, key = path
+        del registry[section][index][key]
+
+    return change
+
+
+def _unflag_term_with_dropped_when(registry):
+    entry = registry["budget_terms"][1]
+    del entry["budget"]
+    entry["budget_dropped_when"] = "gov.contrib.abolish_council_tax"
+
+
+# One malformed registry per check the loader makes, with the message it
+# gives. The checks on budget field names run on both sections, so each
+# section has its own case.
+INVALID = {
+    "budget_not_tax_or_benefit": (
+        _set(("programs", 0, "budget"), "spending"),
+        "budget must be tax or benefit",
+    ),
+    "uprating_on_a_tax": (
+        _set(("programs", 0, "budget_uprating"), ["all"]),
+        "only benefit terms take budget_uprating",
+    ),
+    "unknown_uprating": (
+        _set(("budget_terms", 0, "budget_uprating"), ["sp"]),
+        "unknown budget_uprating",
+    ),
+    "group_not_a_string": (
+        _set(("budget_terms", 1, "group"), ["esa"]),
+        "group must be a string",
+    ),
+    "dropped_when_not_a_path": (
+        _set(("programs", 0, "budget_dropped_when"), True),
+        "budget_dropped_when must be a parameter path",
+    ),
+    "flagged_programme_without_variable": (
+        _delete(("programs", 0, "variable")),
+        "a budget entry needs a variable",
+    ),
+    "unknown_kind": (_set(("budget_terms", 0, "kind"), "measure"), "unknown kind"),
+    "unknown_program": (
+        _set(("budget_terms", 1, "program"), "esa_typo"),
+        "unknown program",
+    ),
+    "programme_measure_without_program": (
+        _delete(("budget_terms", 1, "program")),
+        "a programme_measure needs a program",
+    ),
+    "budget_term_without_budget": (
+        _delete(("budget_terms", 1, "budget")),
+        "needs variable and budget",
+    ),
+    "misspelt_dropped_when": (
+        _set(("programs", 0, "budget_droped_when"), "gov.contrib.abolish_council_tax"),
+        "unknown budget fields ['budget_droped_when']",
+    ),
+    "misspelt_uprating": (
+        _set(("budget_terms", 0, "budget_upratng"), []),
+        "unknown budget fields ['budget_upratng']",
+    ),
+    "unknown_budget_terms_field": (
+        _set(("budget_terms", 1, "dropped_when"), "gov.contrib.abolish_council_tax"),
+        "unknown budget_terms fields ['dropped_when']",
+    ),
+    "budget_field_without_flag": (
+        _set(("programs", 1, "budget_uprating"), ["all"]),
+        "need a budget flag",
+    ),
+    "budget_term_field_without_flag": (
+        _unflag_term_with_dropped_when,
+        "need a budget flag",
+    ),
+    "budget_term_without_variable": (
+        _delete(("budget_terms", 1, "variable")),
+        "needs variable and budget",
+    ),
+    "flagged_twice": (
+        lambda r: r["programs"][1].update(variable="esa_income", budget="benefit"),
+        "carries a budget flag twice",
+    ),
+    "order_repeats": (
+        lambda r: r["budget_order"]["tax"].append("council_tax"),
+        "repeats a variable",
+    ),
+    "order_disagrees": (lambda r: r["budget_order"]["benefit"].pop(), "differ"),
+}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("case", list(INVALID))
+def test_loader_refuses_malformed_registry(case):
+    change, message = INVALID[case]
+    registry = copy.deepcopy(VALID)
+    change(registry)
+    with pytest.raises(RegistryError, match=re.escape(message)):
+        build_budget_programs(registry)
diff --git a/policyengine_uk/tests/test_budget_totals_pinned.py b/policyengine_uk/tests/test_budget_totals_pinned.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2a2d5286e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/policyengine_uk/tests/test_budget_totals_pinned.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1083 @@
+"""household_tax, household_benefits and household_net_income stay exact.
+
+household_tax and household_benefits read their terms from programs.yaml.
+EXPECTED holds the three totals for thirteen hand-built households in four
+years under four reforms, computed with the lists that the formula modules
+held as literals at commit 46a60678ff52d829253572393abdcc6a03ceb6a7. The
+reforms switch on gov.contrib.abolish_council_tax, the two
+gov.contrib.benefit_uprating rates, and a flat basic income, which the
+uprating leaves out. The test compares with exact equality, because the
+totals add the same float32 terms in the same order.
+"""
+
+import pytest
+
+from policyengine_uk import Simulation
+
+YEARS = (2023, 2025, 2026, 2028)
+
+REFORMS = {
+    "baseline": {},
+    "abolish_council_tax": {"gov.contrib.abolish_council_tax": True},
+    "uprating": {
+        "gov.contrib.benefit_uprating.all": 0.05,
+        "gov.contrib.benefit_uprating.non_sp": 0.1,
+    },
+    "abolish_uprating_basic_income": {
+        "gov.contrib.abolish_council_tax": True,
+        "gov.contrib.benefit_uprating.all": -0.03,
+        "gov.contrib.benefit_uprating.non_sp": 0.07,
+        "gov.contrib.ubi_center.basic_income.amount.flat": 40,
+    },
+}
+
+# Each household: region, tenure, rent, council tax, main residence value,
+# and its people.
+HOUSEHOLDS = {
+    "single_renter_london": dict(
+        region="LONDON",
+        tenure_type="RENT_PRIVATELY",
+        rent=14_400,
+        council_tax=1_500,
+        people={"a": dict(age=30, employment_income=25_000)},
+    ),
+    "couple_two_children_uc": dict(
+        region="NORTH_WEST",
+        tenure_type="RENT_FROM_COUNCIL",
+        rent=6_000,
+        council_tax=1_400,
+        would_claim_uc=True,
+        people={
+            "a": dict(age=34, employment_income=18_000),
+            "b": dict(age=32),
+            "c1": dict(age=3),
+            "c2": dict(age=7),
+        },
+    ),
+    "pensioner_couple": dict(
+        region="SOUTH_WEST",
+        tenure_type="OWNED_OUTRIGHT",
+        council_tax=2_100,
+        people={
+            "a": dict(age=72, state_pension_reported=11_000),
+            "b": dict(age=69, state_pension_reported=9_000),
+        },
+    ),
+    "scottish_lone_parent": dict(
+        region="SCOTLAND",
+        tenure_type="RENT_FROM_HA",
+        rent=5_200,
+        council_tax=1_100,
+        would_claim_uc=True,
+        people={
+            "a": dict(age=26, employment_income=9_000),
+            "c1": dict(age=2),
+        },
+    ),
+    "welsh_working_family": dict(
+        region="WALES",
+        tenure_type="OWNED_WITH_MORTGAGE",
+        council_tax=1_800,
+        people={
+            "a": dict(age=38, employment_income=42_000),
+            "b": dict(age=36, employment_income=21_000),
+            "c1": dict(age=3),
+        },
+    ),
+    "northern_ireland_owner": dict(
+        region="NORTHERN_IRELAND",
+        tenure_type="OWNED_OUTRIGHT",
+        people={
+            "a": dict(age=50, self_employment_income=38_000),
+            "b": dict(age=48, employment_income=15_000),
+        },
+    ),
+    "high_earner_south_east": dict(
+        region="SOUTH_EAST",
+        tenure_type="OWNED_WITH_MORTGAGE",
+        council_tax=3_200,
+        people={
+            "a": dict(age=45, employment_income=160_000),
+            "c1": dict(age=10),
+            "c2": dict(age=13),
+        },
+    ),
+    "unemployed_contributory_jsa": dict(
+        region="WEST_MIDLANDS",
+        tenure_type="RENT_PRIVATELY",
+        rent=7_800,
+        council_tax=1_300,
+        people={"a": dict(age=27, jsa_contrib_reported=3_000)},
+    ),
+    "esa_and_reported_benefits": dict(
+        region="NORTH_EAST",
+        tenure_type="RENT_FROM_COUNCIL",
+        rent=5_000,
+        council_tax=1_200,
+        people={
+            "a": dict(age=55, esa_contrib_reported=5_000, iidb_reported=2_000),
+            "b": dict(age=52, employment_income=12_000, afcs_reported=1_500),
+        },
+    ),
+    "scottish_pensioner": dict(
+        region="SCOTLAND",
+        tenure_type="OWNED_OUTRIGHT",
+        council_tax=1_600,
+        people={"a": dict(age=81, state_pension_reported=12_500)},
+    ),
+    "large_family_yorkshire": dict(
+        region="YORKSHIRE",
+        tenure_type="RENT_PRIVATELY",
+        rent=9_600,
+        council_tax=1_500,
+        would_claim_uc=True,
+        people={
+            "a": dict(age=40, employment_income=24_000),
+            "b": dict(age=39),
+            "c1": dict(age=1),
+            "c2": dict(age=4),
+            "c3": dict(age=9),
+            "c4": dict(age=12),
+        },
+    ),
+    "east_of_england_mixed": dict(
+        region="EAST_OF_ENGLAND",
+        tenure_type="OWNED_WITH_MORTGAGE",
+        council_tax=2_000,
+        people={
+            "a": dict(age=63, employment_income=30_000, self_employment_income=8_000),
+            "b": dict(age=67, state_pension_reported=10_500, bsp_reported=1_000),
+        },
+    ),
+    # Owns a £3m main residence, so pays the High Value Council Tax
+    # Surcharge from 2028.
+    "london_high_value_owner": dict(
+        region="LONDON",
+        tenure_type="OWNED_OUTRIGHT",
+        council_tax=3_800,
+        main_residence_value=3_000_000,
+        people={"a": dict(age=58, employment_income=180_000)},
+    ),
+}
+
+HOUSEHOLD_INPUTS = (
+    "region",
+    "tenure_type",
+    "rent",
+    "council_tax",
+    "main_residence_value",
+)
+OUTPUTS = ("household_tax", "household_benefits", "household_net_income")
+
+
+def situation(year):
+    """All the households above, as one situation for ``year``."""
+    people, benunits, households = {}, {}, {}
+    for key, spec in HOUSEHOLDS.items():
+        members = []
+        for person, inputs in spec["people"].items():
+            name = f"{key}.{person}"
+            people[name] = {var: {year: value} for var, value in inputs.items()}
+            members.append(name)
+        benunits[key] = {
+            "members": members,
+            "would_claim_uc": {year: spec.get("would_claim_uc", False)},
+        }
+        households[key] = {"members": members}
+        for var in HOUSEHOLD_INPUTS:
+            if var in spec:
+                households[key][var] = {year: spec[var]}
+    return {"people": people, "benunits": benunits, "households": households}
+
+
+# (reform, year, household): (household_tax, household_benefits,
+# household_net_income), from commit 46a60678.
+EXPECTED = {
+    ("baseline", 2023, "single_renter_london"): (
+        5636.60498046875,
+        201.0,
+        19564.39453125,
+    ),
+    ("baseline", 2023, "couple_two_children_uc"): (
+        3044.604736328125,
+        18789.482421875,
+        33744.87890625,
+    ),
+    ("baseline", 2023, "pensioner_couple"): (2259.0, 22177.880859375, 19918.880859375),
+    ("baseline", 2023, "scottish_lone_parent"): (
+        1259.0,
+        14060.240234375,
+        21801.240234375,
+    ),
+    ("baseline", 2023, "welsh_working_family"): (
+        14074.208984375,
+        6699.0,
+        55624.7890625,
+    ),
+    ("baseline", 2023, "northern_ireland_owner"): (8490.705078125, 600.0, 45109.296875),
+    ("baseline", 2023, "high_earner_south_east"): (
+        71726.2265625,
+        2275.800048828125,
+        90549.5703125,
+    ),
+    ("baseline", 2023, "unemployed_contributory_jsa"): (1459.0, 3201.0, 1742.0),
+    ("baseline", 2023, "esa_and_reported_benefits"): (1359.0, 8701.0, 19342.0),
+    ("baseline", 2023, "scottish_pensioner"): (
+        1600.0,
+        15566.208984375,
+        13966.208984375,
+    ),
+    ("baseline", 2023, "large_family_yorkshire"): (
+        5064.60498046875,
+        19482.12109375,
+        38417.515625,
+    ),
+    ("baseline", 2023, "east_of_england_mixed"): (
+        9084.6044921875,
+        12201.0,
+        41116.39453125,
+    ),
+    ("baseline", 2023, "london_high_value_owner"): (
+        79902.2265625,
+        201.0,
+        100298.7734375,
+    ),
+    ("baseline", 2025, "single_renter_london"): (5154.9033203125, 0.0, 19845.09765625),
+    ("baseline", 2025, "couple_two_children_uc"): (
+        2842.903076171875,
+        18652.060546875,
+        33809.16015625,
+    ),
+    ("baseline", 2025, "pensioner_couple"): (2274.5, 22106.400390625, 19831.900390625),
+    ("baseline", 2025, "scottish_lone_parent"): (
+        1274.5,
+        14044.3994140625,
+        21769.8984375,
+    ),
+    ("baseline", 2025, "welsh_working_family"): (
+        12575.306640625,
+        8074.599609375,
+        58499.296875,
+    ),
+    ("baseline", 2025, "northern_ireland_owner"): (7466.703125, 0.0, 45533.296875),
+    ("baseline", 2025, "high_earner_south_east"): (
+        69039.1015625,
+        2251.599609375,
+        93212.4921875,
+    ),
+    ("baseline", 2025, "unemployed_contributory_jsa"): (1474.5, 3000.0, 1525.5),
+    ("baseline", 2025, "esa_and_reported_benefits"): (1374.5, 8500.0, 19125.5),
+    ("baseline", 2025, "scottish_pensioner"): (
+        1600.0,
+        14945.4013671875,
+        13345.4013671875,
+    ),
+    ("baseline", 2025, "large_family_yorkshire"): (
+        4622.9033203125,
+        21061.541015625,
+        40438.63671875,
+    ),
+    ("baseline", 2025, "east_of_england_mixed"): (
+        8402.9033203125,
+        11700.0,
+        41297.09765625,
+    ),
+    ("baseline", 2025, "london_high_value_owner"): (76788.1015625, 0.0, 103211.8984375),
+    ("baseline", 2026, "single_renter_london"): (
+        5160.4033203125,
+        100.0,
+        19939.59765625,
+    ),
+    ("baseline", 2026, "couple_two_children_uc"): (
+        2848.403076171875,
+        19863.220703125,
+        35014.81640625,
+    ),
+    ("baseline", 2026, "pensioner_couple"): (2280.0, 22386.83984375, 20106.83984375),
+    ("baseline", 2026, "scottish_lone_parent"): (1280.0, 14687.2802734375, 22407.28125),
+    ("baseline", 2026, "welsh_working_family"): (
+        12580.806640625,
+        8410.099609375,
+        58829.296875,
+    ),
+    ("baseline", 2026, "northern_ireland_owner"): (7472.203125, 0.0, 45527.796875),
+    ("baseline", 2026, "high_earner_south_east"): (
+        69130.6015625,
+        2437.39990234375,
+        93306.8046875,
+    ),
+    ("baseline", 2026, "unemployed_contributory_jsa"): (1480.0, 3100.0, 1620.0),
+    ("baseline", 2026, "esa_and_reported_benefits"): (1380.0, 8600.0, 19220.0),
+    ("baseline", 2026, "scottish_pensioner"): (1600.0, 15286.47265625, 13686.47265625),
+    ("baseline", 2026, "large_family_yorkshire"): (
+        4628.4033203125,
+        29562.759765625,
+        48934.35546875,
+    ),
+    ("baseline", 2026, "east_of_england_mixed"): (
+        8408.4033203125,
+        11800.0,
+        41391.59765625,
+    ),
+    ("baseline", 2026, "london_high_value_owner"): (
+        76793.6015625,
+        100.0,
+        103306.3984375,
+    ),
+    ("baseline", 2028, "single_renter_london"): (5160.4033203125, 0.0, 19839.59765625),
+    ("baseline", 2028, "couple_two_children_uc"): (
+        2848.403076171875,
+        21507.8984375,
+        36659.49609375,
+    ),
+    ("baseline", 2028, "pensioner_couple"): (2280.0, 22573.318359375, 20293.318359375),
+    ("baseline", 2028, "scottish_lone_parent"): (
+        1280.0,
+        15792.3837890625,
+        23512.3828125,
+    ),
+    ("baseline", 2028, "welsh_working_family"): (
+        12580.806640625,
+        8973.591796875,
+        59392.7890625,
+    ),
+    ("baseline", 2028, "northern_ireland_owner"): (7472.203125, 0.0, 45527.796875),
+    ("baseline", 2028, "high_earner_south_east"): (
+        69294.6015625,
+        2501.4619140625,
+        93206.8671875,
+    ),
+    ("baseline", 2028, "unemployed_contributory_jsa"): (1480.0, 3000.0, 1520.0),
+    ("baseline", 2028, "esa_and_reported_benefits"): (1380.0, 8500.0, 19120.0),
+    ("baseline", 2028, "scottish_pensioner"): (
+        1600.0,
+        15751.6220703125,
+        14151.6220703125,
+    ),
+    ("baseline", 2028, "large_family_yorkshire"): (
+        4628.4033203125,
+        31807.14453125,
+        51178.7421875,
+    ),
+    ("baseline", 2028, "east_of_england_mixed"): (
+        8408.4033203125,
+        11700.0,
+        41291.59765625,
+    ),
+    ("baseline", 2028, "london_high_value_owner"): (80293.6015625, 0.0, 99706.3984375),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2023, "single_renter_london"): (
+        4136.60498046875,
+        201.0,
+        21064.39453125,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2023, "couple_two_children_uc"): (
+        1644.604736328125,
+        18789.482421875,
+        35144.87890625,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2023, "pensioner_couple"): (159.0, 20701.0, 20542.0),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2023, "scottish_lone_parent"): (
+        159.0,
+        14060.240234375,
+        22901.240234375,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2023, "welsh_working_family"): (
+        12274.208984375,
+        6699.0,
+        57424.7890625,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2023, "northern_ireland_owner"): (
+        8490.705078125,
+        600.0,
+        45109.296875,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2023, "high_earner_south_east"): (
+        68526.2265625,
+        2275.800048828125,
+        93749.5703125,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2023, "unemployed_contributory_jsa"): (
+        159.0,
+        3201.0,
+        3042.0,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2023, "esa_and_reported_benefits"): (
+        159.0,
+        8701.0,
+        20542.0,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2023, "scottish_pensioner"): (
+        0.0,
+        14211.51171875,
+        14211.51171875,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2023, "large_family_yorkshire"): (
+        3564.60498046875,
+        19482.12109375,
+        39917.515625,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2023, "east_of_england_mixed"): (
+        7084.6044921875,
+        12201.0,
+        43116.39453125,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2023, "london_high_value_owner"): (
+        76102.2265625,
+        201.0,
+        104098.7734375,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2025, "single_renter_london"): (
+        3654.903076171875,
+        0.0,
+        21345.09765625,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2025, "couple_two_children_uc"): (
+        1442.903076171875,
+        18652.060546875,
+        35209.16015625,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2025, "pensioner_couple"): (174.5, 20200.0, 20025.5),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2025, "scottish_lone_parent"): (
+        174.5,
+        14044.3994140625,
+        22869.8984375,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2025, "welsh_working_family"): (
+        10775.306640625,
+        8074.599609375,
+        60299.296875,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2025, "northern_ireland_owner"): (
+        7466.703125,
+        0.0,
+        45533.296875,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2025, "high_earner_south_east"): (
+        65839.1015625,
+        2251.599609375,
+        96412.4921875,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2025, "unemployed_contributory_jsa"): (
+        174.5,
+        3000.0,
+        2825.5,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2025, "esa_and_reported_benefits"): (
+        174.5,
+        8500.0,
+        20325.5,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2025, "scottish_pensioner"): (
+        0.0,
+        13428.2763671875,
+        13428.2763671875,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2025, "large_family_yorkshire"): (
+        3122.903076171875,
+        21061.541015625,
+        41938.63671875,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2025, "east_of_england_mixed"): (
+        6402.9033203125,
+        11700.0,
+        43297.09765625,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2025, "london_high_value_owner"): (
+        72988.1015625,
+        0.0,
+        107011.8984375,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2026, "single_renter_london"): (
+        3660.403076171875,
+        100.0,
+        21439.59765625,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2026, "couple_two_children_uc"): (
+        1448.403076171875,
+        19863.220703125,
+        36414.81640625,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2026, "pensioner_couple"): (180.0, 20300.0, 20120.0),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2026, "scottish_lone_parent"): (
+        180.0,
+        14687.2802734375,
+        23507.28125,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2026, "welsh_working_family"): (
+        10780.806640625,
+        8410.099609375,
+        60629.296875,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2026, "northern_ireland_owner"): (
+        7472.203125,
+        0.0,
+        45527.796875,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2026, "high_earner_south_east"): (
+        65930.6015625,
+        2437.39990234375,
+        96506.8046875,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2026, "unemployed_contributory_jsa"): (
+        180.0,
+        3100.0,
+        2920.0,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2026, "esa_and_reported_benefits"): (
+        180.0,
+        8600.0,
+        20420.0,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2026, "scottish_pensioner"): (
+        0.0,
+        13700.916015625,
+        13700.916015625,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2026, "large_family_yorkshire"): (
+        3128.403076171875,
+        29562.759765625,
+        50434.35546875,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2026, "east_of_england_mixed"): (
+        6408.4033203125,
+        11800.0,
+        43391.59765625,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2026, "london_high_value_owner"): (
+        72993.6015625,
+        100.0,
+        107106.3984375,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2028, "single_renter_london"): (
+        3660.403076171875,
+        0.0,
+        21339.59765625,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2028, "couple_two_children_uc"): (
+        1448.403076171875,
+        21507.8984375,
+        38059.49609375,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2028, "pensioner_couple"): (
+        180.0,
+        20473.318359375,
+        20293.318359375,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2028, "scottish_lone_parent"): (
+        180.0,
+        15792.3837890625,
+        24612.3828125,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2028, "welsh_working_family"): (
+        10780.806640625,
+        8973.591796875,
+        61192.7890625,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2028, "northern_ireland_owner"): (
+        7472.203125,
+        0.0,
+        45527.796875,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2028, "high_earner_south_east"): (
+        66094.6015625,
+        2501.4619140625,
+        96406.8671875,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2028, "unemployed_contributory_jsa"): (
+        180.0,
+        3000.0,
+        2820.0,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2028, "esa_and_reported_benefits"): (
+        180.0,
+        8500.0,
+        20320.0,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2028, "scottish_pensioner"): (
+        0.0,
+        14151.6220703125,
+        14151.6220703125,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2028, "large_family_yorkshire"): (
+        3128.403076171875,
+        31807.14453125,
+        52678.7421875,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2028, "east_of_england_mixed"): (
+        6408.4033203125,
+        11700.0,
+        43291.59765625,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_council_tax", 2028, "london_high_value_owner"): (
+        72993.6015625,
+        0.0,
+        107006.3984375,
+    ),
+    ("uprating", 2023, "single_renter_london"): (
+        5636.60498046875,
+        231.14999389648438,
+        19594.544921875,
+    ),
+    ("uprating", 2023, "couple_two_children_uc"): (
+        3044.604736328125,
+        21607.90625,
+        36563.30078125,
+    ),
+    ("uprating", 2023, "pensioner_couple"): (2259.0, 23504.5625, 21245.5625),
+    ("uprating", 2023, "scottish_lone_parent"): (
+        1259.0,
+        16169.2763671875,
+        23910.27734375,
+    ),
+    ("uprating", 2023, "welsh_working_family"): (
+        14074.208984375,
+        7703.85009765625,
+        56629.640625,
+    ),
+    ("uprating", 2023, "northern_ireland_owner"): (8490.705078125, 690.0, 45199.296875),
+    ("uprating", 2023, "high_earner_south_east"): (
+        71726.2265625,
+        2617.170166015625,
+        90890.9453125,
+    ),
+    ("uprating", 2023, "unemployed_contributory_jsa"): (
+        1459.0,
+        3681.14990234375,
+        2222.14990234375,
+    ),
+    ("uprating", 2023, "esa_and_reported_benefits"): (
+        1359.0,
+        10006.150390625,
+        20647.150390625,
+    ),
+    ("uprating", 2023, "scottish_pensioner"): (1600.0, 16651.140625, 15051.140625),
+    ("uprating", 2023, "large_family_yorkshire"): (
+        5064.60498046875,
+        22404.439453125,
+        41339.83203125,
+    ),
+    ("uprating", 2023, "east_of_england_mixed"): (
+        9084.6044921875,
+        12981.150390625,
+        41896.54296875,
+    ),
+    ("uprating", 2023, "london_high_value_owner"): (
+        79902.2265625,
+        231.14999389648438,
+        100328.9296875,
+    ),
+    ("uprating", 2025, "single_renter_london"): (5154.9033203125, 0.0, 19845.09765625),
+    ("uprating", 2025, "couple_two_children_uc"): (
+        2842.903076171875,
+        21449.87109375,
+        36606.96875,
+    ),
+    ("uprating", 2025, "pensioner_couple"): (2274.5, 23422.359375, 21147.859375),
+    ("uprating", 2025, "scottish_lone_parent"): (
+        1274.5,
+        16151.0595703125,
+        23876.55859375,
+    ),
+    ("uprating", 2025, "welsh_working_family"): (
+        12575.306640625,
+        9285.7900390625,
+        59710.484375,
+    ),
+    ("uprating", 2025, "northern_ireland_owner"): (7466.703125, 0.0, 45533.296875),
+    ("uprating", 2025, "high_earner_south_east"): (
+        69039.1015625,
+        2589.339599609375,
+        93550.2421875,
+    ),
+    ("uprating", 2025, "unemployed_contributory_jsa"): (1474.5, 3450.0, 1975.5),
+    ("uprating", 2025, "esa_and_reported_benefits"): (1374.5, 9775.0, 20400.5),
+    ("uprating", 2025, "scottish_pensioner"): (1600.0, 15937.2109375, 14337.2109375),
+    ("uprating", 2025, "large_family_yorkshire"): (
+        4622.9033203125,
+        24220.771484375,
+        43597.87109375,
+    ),
+    ("uprating", 2025, "east_of_england_mixed"): (
+        8402.9033203125,
+        12405.0,
+        42002.09765625,
+    ),
+    ("uprating", 2025, "london_high_value_owner"): (76788.1015625, 0.0, 103211.8984375),
+    ("uprating", 2026, "single_renter_london"): (
+        5160.4033203125,
+        115.0,
+        19954.59765625,
+    ),
+    ("uprating", 2026, "couple_two_children_uc"): (
+        2848.403076171875,
+        22842.703125,
+        37994.30078125,
+    ),
+    ("uprating", 2026, "pensioner_couple"): (2280.0, 23744.865234375, 21464.865234375),
+    ("uprating", 2026, "scottish_lone_parent"): (
+        1280.0,
+        16890.373046875,
+        24610.373046875,
+    ),
+    ("uprating", 2026, "welsh_working_family"): (
+        12580.806640625,
+        9671.615234375,
+        60090.8125,
+    ),
+    ("uprating", 2026, "northern_ireland_owner"): (7472.203125, 0.0, 45527.796875),
+    ("uprating", 2026, "high_earner_south_east"): (
+        69130.6015625,
+        2803.009765625,
+        93672.4140625,
+    ),
+    ("uprating", 2026, "unemployed_contributory_jsa"): (1480.0, 3565.0, 2085.0),
+    ("uprating", 2026, "esa_and_reported_benefits"): (1380.0, 9890.0, 20510.0),
+    ("uprating", 2026, "scottish_pensioner"): (
+        1600.0,
+        16329.443359375,
+        14729.443359375,
+    ),
+    ("uprating", 2026, "large_family_yorkshire"): (
+        4628.4033203125,
+        33997.171875,
+        53368.76953125,
+    ),
+    ("uprating", 2026, "east_of_england_mixed"): (
+        8408.4033203125,
+        12520.0,
+        42111.59765625,
+    ),
+    ("uprating", 2026, "london_high_value_owner"): (
+        76793.6015625,
+        115.0,
+        103321.3984375,
+    ),
+    ("uprating", 2028, "single_renter_london"): (5160.4033203125, 0.0, 19839.59765625),
+    ("uprating", 2028, "couple_two_children_uc"): (
+        2848.403076171875,
+        24734.08203125,
+        39885.6796875,
+    ),
+    ("uprating", 2028, "pensioner_couple"): (2280.0, 23959.31640625, 21679.31640625),
+    ("uprating", 2028, "scottish_lone_parent"): (
+        1280.0,
+        18161.240234375,
+        25881.240234375,
+    ),
+    ("uprating", 2028, "welsh_working_family"): (
+        12580.806640625,
+        10319.630859375,
+        60738.828125,
+    ),
+    ("uprating", 2028, "northern_ireland_owner"): (7472.203125, 0.0, 45527.796875),
+    ("uprating", 2028, "high_earner_south_east"): (
+        69294.6015625,
+        2876.68115234375,
+        93582.0859375,
+    ),
+    ("uprating", 2028, "unemployed_contributory_jsa"): (1480.0, 3450.0, 1970.0),
+    ("uprating", 2028, "esa_and_reported_benefits"): (1380.0, 9775.0, 20395.0),
+    ("uprating", 2028, "scottish_pensioner"): (
+        1600.0,
+        16864.365234375,
+        15264.365234375,
+    ),
+    ("uprating", 2028, "large_family_yorkshire"): (
+        4628.4033203125,
+        36578.21484375,
+        55949.8125,
+    ),
+    ("uprating", 2028, "east_of_england_mixed"): (
+        8408.4033203125,
+        12405.0,
+        41996.59765625,
+    ),
+    ("uprating", 2028, "london_high_value_owner"): (80293.6015625, 0.0, 99706.3984375),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2023, "single_renter_london"): (
+        4136.60498046875,
+        2289.0400390625,
+        23152.43359375,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2023, "couple_two_children_uc"): (
+        1644.604736328125,
+        27861.0625,
+        44216.45703125,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2023, "pensioner_couple"): (
+        159.0,
+        24289.0390625,
+        24130.0390625,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2023, "scottish_lone_parent"): (
+        159.0,
+        18782.650390625,
+        27623.650390625,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2023, "welsh_working_family"): (
+        12274.208984375,
+        13206.9599609375,
+        63932.75,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2023, "northern_ireland_owner"): (
+        8490.705078125,
+        4784.0,
+        49293.296875,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2023, "high_earner_south_east"): (
+        68526.2265625,
+        8606.83203125,
+        100080.6015625,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2023, "unemployed_contributory_jsa"): (
+        159.0,
+        5409.0400390625,
+        5250.0400390625,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2023, "esa_and_reported_benefits"): (
+        159.0,
+        13209.0400390625,
+        25050.0390625,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2023, "scottish_pensioner"): (
+        0.0,
+        15984.9716796875,
+        15984.9716796875,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2023, "large_family_yorkshire"): (
+        3564.60498046875,
+        32741.40625,
+        53176.80078125,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2023, "east_of_england_mixed"): (
+        7084.6044921875,
+        16114.0400390625,
+        47029.43359375,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2023, "london_high_value_owner"): (
+        76102.2265625,
+        2289.0400390625,
+        106186.8203125,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2025, "single_renter_london"): (
+        3654.903076171875,
+        2080.0,
+        23425.09765625,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2025, "couple_two_children_uc"): (
+        1442.903076171875,
+        27718.142578125,
+        44275.23828125,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2025, "pensioner_couple"): (
+        174.5,
+        23768.0,
+        23593.5,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2025, "scottish_lone_parent"): (
+        174.5,
+        18766.17578125,
+        27591.67578125,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2025, "welsh_working_family"): (
+        10775.306640625,
+        14637.583984375,
+        66862.28125,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2025, "northern_ireland_owner"): (
+        7466.703125,
+        4160.0,
+        49693.296875,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2025, "high_earner_south_east"): (
+        65839.1015625,
+        8581.6640625,
+        102742.5546875,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2025, "unemployed_contributory_jsa"): (
+        174.5,
+        5200.0,
+        5025.5,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2025, "esa_and_reported_benefits"): (
+        174.5,
+        13000.0,
+        24825.5,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2025, "scottish_pensioner"): (
+        0.0,
+        15170.4072265625,
+        15170.4072265625,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2025, "large_family_yorkshire"): (
+        3122.903076171875,
+        34384.0,
+        55261.09765625,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2025, "east_of_england_mixed"): (
+        6402.9033203125,
+        15593.0,
+        47190.09765625,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2025, "london_high_value_owner"): (
+        72988.1015625,
+        2080.0,
+        109091.8984375,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2026, "single_renter_london"): (
+        3660.403076171875,
+        2184.0,
+        23523.59765625,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2026, "couple_two_children_uc"): (
+        1448.403076171875,
+        28977.75,
+        45529.34765625,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2026, "pensioner_couple"): (
+        180.0,
+        23872.0,
+        23692.0,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2026, "scottish_lone_parent"): (
+        180.0,
+        19434.771484375,
+        28254.771484375,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2026, "welsh_working_family"): (
+        10780.806640625,
+        14986.50390625,
+        67205.6953125,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2026, "northern_ireland_owner"): (
+        7472.203125,
+        4160.0,
+        49687.796875,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2026, "high_earner_south_east"): (
+        65930.6015625,
+        8774.8955078125,
+        102844.2890625,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2026, "unemployed_contributory_jsa"): (
+        180.0,
+        5304.0,
+        5124.0,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2026, "esa_and_reported_benefits"): (
+        180.0,
+        13104.0,
+        24924.0,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2026, "scottish_pensioner"): (
+        0.0,
+        15453.953125,
+        15453.953125,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2026, "large_family_yorkshire"): (
+        3128.403076171875,
+        43225.26953125,
+        64096.86328125,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2026, "east_of_england_mixed"): (
+        6408.4033203125,
+        15697.0,
+        47288.59765625,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2026, "london_high_value_owner"): (
+        72993.6015625,
+        2184.0,
+        109190.3984375,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2028, "single_renter_london"): (
+        3660.403076171875,
+        2080.0,
+        23419.59765625,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2028, "couple_two_children_uc"): (
+        1448.403076171875,
+        30688.21484375,
+        47239.8125,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2028, "pensioner_couple"): (
+        180.0,
+        24052.251953125,
+        23872.251953125,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2028, "scottish_lone_parent"): (
+        180.0,
+        20584.078125,
+        29404.078125,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2028, "welsh_working_family"): (
+        10780.806640625,
+        15572.53515625,
+        67791.7265625,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2028, "northern_ireland_owner"): (
+        7472.203125,
+        4160.0,
+        49687.796875,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2028, "high_earner_south_east"): (
+        66094.6015625,
+        8841.5205078125,
+        102746.9140625,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2028, "unemployed_contributory_jsa"): (
+        180.0,
+        5200.0,
+        5020.0,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2028, "esa_and_reported_benefits"): (
+        180.0,
+        13000.0,
+        24820.0,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2028, "scottish_pensioner"): (
+        0.0,
+        15922.6865234375,
+        15922.6865234375,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2028, "large_family_yorkshire"): (
+        3128.403076171875,
+        45559.4296875,
+        66431.0234375,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2028, "east_of_england_mixed"): (
+        6408.4033203125,
+        15593.0,
+        47184.59765625,
+    ),
+    ("abolish_uprating_basic_income", 2028, "london_high_value_owner"): (
+        72993.6015625,
+        2080.0,
+        109086.3984375,
+    ),
+}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("reform_name", list(REFORMS))
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("year", YEARS)
+def test_budget_totals_match_pinned_values(reform_name, year):
+    sim = Simulation(situation=situation(year), reform=REFORMS[reform_name] or None)
+    actual = {
+        output: [float(value) for value in sim.calculate(output, year)]
+        for output in OUTPUTS
+    }
+    mismatches = []
+    for i, household in enumerate(HOUSEHOLDS):
+        expected = EXPECTED[(reform_name, year, household)]
+        got = tuple(actual[output][i] for output in OUTPUTS)
+        if got != expected:
+            mismatches.append(f"{household}: expected {expected}, got {got}")
+    assert not mismatches, "\n".join(mismatches)
+
+
+def test_pinned_grid_is_complete():
+    assert len(HOUSEHOLDS) >= 13
+    assert set(EXPECTED) == {
+        (reform, year, household)
+        for reform in REFORMS
+        for year in YEARS
+        for household in HOUSEHOLDS
+    }
diff --git a/policyengine_uk/variables/gov/hmrc/household_tax.py b/policyengine_uk/variables/gov/hmrc/household_tax.py
index 6a625e5d09..da74a3cae5 100644
--- a/policyengine_uk/variables/gov/hmrc/household_tax.py
+++ b/policyengine_uk/variables/gov/hmrc/household_tax.py
@@ -1,58 +1,22 @@
 from policyengine_uk.model_api import *
+from policyengine_uk.programs import budget_variables, budget_variables_in_effect
 
-
-HOUSEHOLD_TAX_VARIABLES = [
-    "isa_cash_interest_flat_rate_charge",
-    "expected_sdlt",
-    "expected_ltt",
-    "expected_lbtt",
-    "corporate_sdlt",
-    "business_rates",
-    "council_tax",
-    "high_value_council_tax_surcharge",
-    "domestic_rates",
-    "fuel_duty",
-    "alcohol_duty",
-    "tobacco_duty",
-    "gambling_duty",
-    "vehicle_excise_duty",
-    "tv_licence",
-    "wealth_tax",
-    "non_primary_residence_wealth_tax",
-    "income_tax",
-    "national_insurance",
-    "LVT",
-    "carbon_tax",
-    "vat_change",
-    "capital_gains_tax",
-    "private_school_vat_change",
-    "corporate_incident_tax_revenue_change",
-    "consumer_incident_tax_revenue_change",
-    "employer_ni_response_capital_incidence",
-    "employer_ni_response_consumer_incidence",
-    "student_loan_repayments",
-]
+# The terms flagged `budget: tax` in programs.yaml, in its budget_order.
+HOUSEHOLD_TAX_VARIABLES = budget_variables("tax")
 
 
 class household_tax(Variable):
     value_type = float
     entity = Household
     label = "household taxes"
-    documentation = "Total taxes owed by the household"
+    documentation = (
+        "Total taxes the household owes: each tax the model counts against "
+        "the household, less any a reform removes, such as council tax when "
+        "a reform abolishes it."
+    )
     definition_period = YEAR
     unit = GBP
 
     def formula(household, period, parameters):
-        abolish_council_tax = parameters.gov.contrib.abolish_council_tax(period)
-        if abolish_council_tax:
-            return add(
-                household,
-                period,
-                [
-                    tax
-                    for tax in HOUSEHOLD_TAX_VARIABLES
-                    if tax not in ["council_tax", "high_value_council_tax_surcharge"]
-                ],
-            )
-        else:
-            return add(household, period, HOUSEHOLD_TAX_VARIABLES)
+        taxes = budget_variables_in_effect("tax", parameters(period))
+        return add(household, period, taxes)
diff --git a/policyengine_uk/variables/household/income/household_benefits.py b/policyengine_uk/variables/household/income/household_benefits.py
index 191050ba30..5a6d2bef89 100644
--- a/policyengine_uk/variables/household/income/household_benefits.py
+++ b/policyengine_uk/variables/household/income/household_benefits.py
@@ -1,96 +1,36 @@
 from policyengine_uk.model_api import *
+from policyengine_uk.programs import (
+    budget_variables,
+    budget_variables_in_effect,
+    uprated_benefit_variables,
+)
 
-
-HOUSEHOLD_BENEFIT_VARIABLES = [
-    "child_benefit",
-    "council_tax_benefit",
-    "esa_income",
-    "esa_contrib",
-    "housing_benefit",
-    "income_support",
-    "jsa_income",
-    "jsa_contrib",
-    "pension_credit",
-    "universal_credit",
-    "working_tax_credit",
-    "child_tax_credit",
-    "attendance_allowance",
-    "afcs",
-    "bsp",
-    "war_widows_pension",
-    "widowed_parents_allowance",
-    "carers_allowance",
-    "dla",
-    "iidb",
-    "incapacity_benefit",
-    "pip",
-    "sda",
-    "state_pension",
-    "maternity_allowance",
-    "statutory_sick_pay",
-    "statutory_maternity_pay",
-    "statutory_paternity_pay",
-    "ssmg",
-    "basic_income",
-    "epg_subsidy",
-    "cost_of_living_support_payment",
-    "energy_bills_rebate",
-    "household_energy_payment",
-    "winter_fuel_allowance",
-    "pawhp",
-    "tax_free_childcare",
-    "extended_childcare_entitlement",
-    "universal_childcare_entitlement",
-    "targeted_childcare_entitlement",
-    "wales_childcare_offer",
-    "care_to_learn",
-    "childcare_grant",
-    "parents_learning_allowance",
-    "adult_dependants_grant",
-    "travel_grant",
-    "disabled_students_allowance",
-    "bursary_fund_16_to_19",
-    "nhs_spending",
-    "dfe_education_spending",
-    "dft_subsidy_spending",
-    "healthy_start_vouchers",
-    "two_child_limit_payment",
-    "scottish_child_payment",
-    "carer_support_payment",
-    "scottish_carer_supplement",
-    "disability_basic_income",
-]
+# The terms flagged `budget: benefit` in programs.yaml, in its budget_order.
+HOUSEHOLD_BENEFIT_VARIABLES = budget_variables("benefit")
 
 
 class household_benefits(Variable):
     value_type = float
     entity = Household
     label = "household benefits"
-    documentation = "Total value of benefits received by household"
+    documentation = (
+        "Total value of the benefits the household receives, less any a "
+        "reform removes, such as Council Tax Reduction when a reform "
+        "abolishes council tax, plus each benefit uprating rate a reform sets "
+        "times the benefits that rate covers."
+    )
     definition_period = YEAR
     unit = GBP
 
     def formula(household, period, parameters):
-        contrib = parameters(period).gov.contrib
-        uprating = contrib.benefit_uprating
-        benefits = HOUSEHOLD_BENEFIT_VARIABLES
-        if contrib.abolish_council_tax:
-            benefits = [
-                benefit for benefit in benefits if benefit != "council_tax_benefit"
-            ]
+        p = parameters(period)
+        uprating = p.gov.contrib.benefit_uprating
+        benefits = budget_variables_in_effect("benefit", p)
         general_benefits = add(
-            household,
-            period,
-            [benefit for benefit in benefits if benefit not in ["basic_income"]],
+            household, period, uprated_benefit_variables(benefits, "all")
         )
         non_sp_benefits = add(
-            household,
-            period,
-            [
-                benefit
-                for benefit in benefits
-                if benefit not in ["state_pension", "basic_income"]
-            ],
+            household, period, uprated_benefit_variables(benefits, "non_sp")
         )
         return (
             add(household, period, benefits)