diff --git a/changelog.d/1069-pip-points-page-corrections.changed.md b/changelog.d/1069-pip-points-page-corrections.changed.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..557b043573 --- /dev/null +++ b/changelog.d/1069-pip-points-page-corrections.changed.md @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Brought the PIP point system planning page (`docs/book/programs/gov/dwp/pip-points-plan.md`) up to date: #1661 merged on 21 October 2026, so total points and the 8- and 12-point thresholds are modelled, with no data path supplying points yet; Microcosm #145 closed without the points item; Microcosm UK is now the certified default; and the descriptor-weighting source is DWP's Pathways to Work evidence pack (Tables 2.27 and 2.28). diff --git a/docs/book/programs/gov/dwp/pip-points-plan.md b/docs/book/programs/gov/dwp/pip-points-plan.md index 67a20e8091..79400b2b94 100644 --- a/docs/book/programs/gov/dwp/pip-points-plan.md +++ b/docs/book/programs/gov/dwp/pip-points-plan.md @@ -1,34 +1,43 @@ -# PIP point system (planned) +# PIP point system (partly modelled) ```{warning} -**Not yet modelled.** PolicyEngine UK currently takes the PIP daily-living -and mobility **band** as a categorical input (`pip_dl_category` and -`pip_m_category`, each `STANDARD | ENHANCED | NONE`) and multiplies by -the published weekly rate. The **points-system** logic that determines -which band a claimant falls into (ten daily-living activities and two -mobility activities, with descriptors worth 0 to 12 points under the -legislation) is **not** modelled. +**Partly modelled.** PolicyEngine UK sets the PIP daily-living and +mobility **band** in `pip_dl_category` and `pip_m_category` (each +`STANDARD | ENHANCED | NONE`) and multiplies by the published weekly rate. +A band can be given as an input or derived from total points +(`pip_dl_points`, `pip_m_points`) against the 8- and 12-point thresholds. +The activity-level logic (ten daily-living activities and two mobility +activities, with descriptors worth 0 to 12 points under the legislation) +is **not** modelled. This page captures the proposed scope, tracked under [#1069](https://github.com/PolicyEngine/policyengine-uk/issues/1069). ``` ```{admonition} Status, October 2026 -A first step is open as +A first step merged on 21 October 2026 as [#1661](https://github.com/PolicyEngine/policyengine-uk/pull/1661): total points inputs (`pip_dl_points`, `pip_m_points`) and the 8- and 12-point -thresholds under `gov.dwp.pip.{daily_living,mobility}.points_thresholds`, -with the category derived from points only when it is not given as an -input. That is a simpler form of Phase 1 below: no per-activity scores -and no `use_point_system` switch, since a category input already takes -precedence over the formula. - -PR #1661 is waiting on a data-side path. Its companion, +thresholds under `gov.dwp.pip.{daily_living,mobility}.points_thresholds`. +The category is derived from points only when no category is given as an +input for the year. A category given for a year is stored for everyone in +the simulation, with NONE for anyone not given one. Otherwise the person's +latest assessed points (not -1) for that year or an earlier one set the +category, except that +a category given for an earlier year carries forward unless those points are +for a later year than it; with neither, the category is NONE +(`policyengine_uk/utils/pip.py`). That is a simpler form of Phase 1 below: +no per-activity scores and no `use_point_system` switch, since a category +input already takes precedence over the formula. + +No data path supplies points yet. The datasets store categories, not +points, so points play no part in microsimulation. The companion PR, [policyengine-uk-data #408](https://github.com/PolicyEngine/policyengine-uk-data/pull/408) (points imputed from the observed categories), was closed in June 2026 in the uk-data archive clean-up, with PIP points derivation to move into Microcosm UK's source stages ([microcosm #145](https://github.com/PolicyEngine/microcosm/issues/145)) -once the input variables exist here. +once the input variables existed here. Microcosm #145 closed on 16 October +2026 with that item dropped, because the variables did not exist yet. ``` ## What PIP scoring actually is @@ -40,7 +49,7 @@ Security (Personal Independence Payment) Regulations 2013): - **Part 2: Daily living activities**: ten activities (preparing food, taking nutrition, managing therapy, washing and bathing, managing toilet needs, dressing and undressing, communicating verbally, - reading and understanding signs and symbols, engaging with other + reading and understanding signs, symbols and words, engaging with other people face-to-face, making budgeting decisions). Each activity has a set of descriptors with point values from 0 up to 12; the top value varies by activity. @@ -66,10 +75,12 @@ For population-aggregate simulation, the categorical bands are sufficient because: - the FRS doesn't capture activity-level point scores at all, -- DWP's published caseload reports band counts (standard / enhanced) - rather than activity scores, -- the data (both the certified Enhanced FRS from policyengine-uk-data - and Microcosm UK, which is being built to replace it) sets +- DWP's regular PIP statistics report the caseload by award level + (standard / enhanced) rather than activity scores; per-activity figures + appear only in one-off publications such as the evidence-pack tables + cited under Phase 3, +- the data (both Microcosm UK, the certified default since October 2026, + and the Enhanced FRS from policyengine-uk-data, which it replaced) sets `pip_dl_category` and `pip_m_category` by comparing the weekly PIP daily-living and mobility amounts respondents report in the FRS with the standard and enhanced rates. @@ -90,7 +101,9 @@ Three reform scenarios that the categorical model can't answer: this; the categorical band wouldn't shift unless an analyst manually re-bands a synthetic distribution. 2. **Threshold reform**: changing the band thresholds (for example raising - the standard-rate floor from 8 to 10 points). Same limitation. + the standard-rate floor from 8 to 10 points). The thresholds are now + parameters, so this works for households entered with points, but not in + microsimulation, where the data supply bands rather than points. 3. **Targeted analysis by descriptor**: distributional questions like "how does the enhanced cohort split between mobility activities" need the underlying activity scores. @@ -99,11 +112,9 @@ Three reform scenarios that the categorical model can't answer: ### Phase 1: points-to-category mapping -- Add the threshold parameters under `gov/dwp/pip/`: - - `daily_living/standard_threshold.yaml` (8) - - `daily_living/enhanced_threshold.yaml` (12) - - `mobility/standard_threshold.yaml` (8) - - `mobility/enhanced_threshold.yaml` (12) +- Threshold parameters: done in #1661 as + `gov.dwp.pip.{daily_living,mobility}.points_thresholds.{standard,enhanced}` + (8 and 12). - Add per-activity score inputs as `pip_dl_activity_1_score` ... `pip_dl_activity_10_score`, `pip_m_activity_1_score`, `pip_m_activity_2_score`. Type: integer (Person, YEAR), default 0. @@ -137,9 +148,13 @@ machinery (for reform analysis) get the activity-level surface. - The FRS provides PIP payment amounts but not descriptor selections. The data (Microcosm UK, as the replacement dataset) would need to impute descriptor selections per claimant that are consistent with the observed band. The plausible - approach is to draw uniformly across descriptor combinations that - sum to the observed band, weighted by DWP-published "activities most - commonly scoring above zero" tables. + approach is to draw descriptor combinations whose total falls in the + observed band, weighted by the point-score distributions for + each daily-living activity that DWP published in the + [Pathways to Work evidence pack](https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/pathways-to-work-reforming-benefits-and-support-to-get-britain-working-green-paper/pathways-to-work-evidence-pack-chapter-2-reforming-the-structure) + (chapter 2, Tables 2.27 and 2.28: working-age, normal-rules claimants + awarded the daily living component in England, Wales and abroad, January + 2025 caseload; the pack has no per-activity mobility table). - This phase is the heaviest and is only required to make Phase 2 reforms work on the calibrated microsim. For the household calculator, users can input activity scores directly. @@ -148,7 +163,8 @@ machinery (for reform analysis) get the activity-level surface. - Should the score inputs default to `None` (sentinel) or 0? Sentinel is cleaner when the points machinery is opt-in via the - `use_point_system` flag. + `use_point_system` flag. (#1661's total points inputs use -1 for "not + assessed".) - DWP's PIP review process distinguishes "ongoing" vs "fixed-term" awards. Should the model expose the award duration, or treat all current awards as ongoing? (Current model assumes ongoing.) @@ -164,7 +180,7 @@ machinery (for reform analysis) get the activity-level surface. - DWP, [Modernising support for independent living: the health and disability green paper (April 2024)][green-paper]: proposals on the descriptors. - DWP, [Pathways to Work: Reforming Benefits and Support to Get Britain Working (March 2025)](https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/pathways-to-work-reforming-benefits-and-support-to-get-britain-working-green-paper): the four-point proposal. - Issue: [#1069](https://github.com/PolicyEngine/policyengine-uk/issues/1069). -- Existing model: `pip_dl_category`, `pip_m_category`, `pip_dl`, `pip_m`. +- Existing model: `pip_dl_category`, `pip_m_category`, `pip_dl_points`, `pip_m_points`, `pip_dl`, `pip_m`, and the thresholds under `gov.dwp.pip.{daily_living,mobility}.points_thresholds`. [si-377]: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/377 [assess-guide]: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/personal-independence-payment-assessment-guide-for-assessment-providers