processes.json

[["Bioinformatics operation", "Process"], ["Data handling", "Bioinformatics operation"], ["Query and retrieval", "Data handling"], ["Database search", "Query and retrieval"], ["Literature search", "Database search"], ["Sequence database search", "Sequence analysis"], ["Sequence database search", "Database search"], ["Sequence similarity search", "Sequence database search"], ["Sequence similarity search", "Structure database search"], ["Sequence similarity search", "Sequence comparison"], ["Sequence database search (by property)", "Sequence database search"], ["Structure database search", "Database search"], ["Structural similarity search", "Structure database search"], ["Structural similarity search", "Structure comparison"], ["Peptide database search", "Database search"], ["Peptide database search", "Peptide identification"], ["Blind peptide database search", "Peptide database search"], ["Target-Decoy", "Validation"], ["Target-Decoy", "Peptide database search"], ["Data retrieval", "Query and retrieval"], ["Data retrieval", "Information retrieval"], ["Editing", "Data handling"], ["Sequence editing", "Sequence analysis"], ["Sequence editing", "Editing"], ["Sequence merging", "Sequence editing"], ["Sequence conversion", "Sequence editing"], ["Sequence conversion", "Conversion"], ["DNA translation", "Sequence conversion"], ["DNA transcription", "Sequence conversion"], ["DNA back-translation", "Sequence conversion"], ["Sequence mutation and randomisation", "Sequence editing"], ["Sequence masking", "Sequence editing"], ["Sequence cutting", "Sequence editing"], ["Sequence trimming", "Sequence cutting"], ["Primer removal", "Sequence cutting"], ["Restriction site creation", "Sequence editing"], ["Sequence file editing", "Sequence editing"], ["Sequence alignment editing", "Editing"], ["Sequence alignment conversion", "Sequence alignment editing"], ["Sequence alignment conversion", "Conversion"], ["Phylogenetic tree editing", "Phylogenetic analysis"], ["Phylogenetic tree editing", "Editing"], ["Structure editing", "Editing"], ["Formatting", "Data handling"], ["Parsing", "Data handling"], ["Anonymisation", "Data handling"], ["Format detection", "Data handling"], ["Splitting", "Data handling"], ["Deposition", "Data handling"], ["Aggregation", "Data handling"], ["Filtering", "Data handling"], ["Sorting", "Data handling"], ["Annotation", "Bioinformatics operation"], ["Sequence annotation", "Annotation"], ["Genome annotation", "Sequence annotation"], ["Genome annotation", "Genome analysis"], ["SNP annotation", "Sequence annotation"], ["Gene functional annotation", "Sequence annotation"], ["Sequence tag mapping", "Annotation"], ["Sequence tag mapping", "DNA mapping"], ["Phylogenetic tree annotation", "Annotation"], ["Image tagging", "Annotation"], ["Image tagging", "Vision process"], ["Image tagging", "Natural language processing"], ["Image captioning", "Image tagging"], ["Image captioning", "Natural language generation"], ["Image captioning", "2D object detection"], ["Phrase grounding", "Image captioning"], ["Relational captioning", "Image captioning"], ["Meme classification", "Image tagging"], ["Text annotation", "Annotation"], ["Indexing", "Bioinformatics operation"], ["Genome indexing", "Indexing"], ["Genome indexing", "Genome analysis"], ["Generation", "Bioinformatics operation"], ["Sequence generation", "Sequence analysis"], ["Sequence generation", "Generation"], ["Reverse complement", "Sequence generation"], ["Random sequence generation", "Sequence generation"], ["Restriction digest", "Sequence generation"], ["Restriction digest", "Nucleic acid property calculation"], ["Protein sequence cleavage", "Sequence generation"], ["Base-calling", "Sequence generation"], ["Probabilistic sequence generation", "Sequence generation"], ["Probabilistic sequence generation", "Probabilistic data generation"], ["de Novo sequencing", "Sequence generation"], ["de Novo sequencing", "Peptide identification"], ["Codon usage table generation", "Codon usage analysis"], ["Codon usage table generation", "Generation"], ["Sequence distance matrix generation", "Sequence comparison"], ["Sequence distance matrix generation", "Generation"], ["Alignment", "Generation"], ["Sequence alignment", "Sequence comparison"], ["Sequence alignment", "Alignment"], ["Structure-based sequence alignment", "Sequence alignment"], ["Sequence profile alignment", "Sequence alignment"], ["Pairwise sequence alignment", "Sequence alignment"], ["Multiple sequence alignment", "Sequence alignment"], ["Local alignment", "Sequence alignment"], ["Global alignment", "Sequence alignment"], ["Tree-based sequence alignment", "Sequence alignment"], ["Genome alignment", "Sequence alignment"], ["Genome alignment", "Genome analysis"], ["Structure alignment", "Structure comparison"], ["Structure alignment", "Alignment"], ["Pairwise structure alignment", "Structure alignment"], ["Multiple structure alignment", "Structure alignment"], ["Local structure alignment", "Structure alignment"], ["Global structure alignment", "Structure alignment"], ["Fold recognition", "Protein structure analysis"], ["Fold recognition", "Alignment"], ["Fold recognition", "Protein comparison"], ["Fold recognition", "Protein feature detection"], ["Protein threading", "Fold recognition"], ["Sequence profile generation", "Sequence alignment analysis"], ["Sequence profile generation", "Generation"], ["3D profile generation", "Structure analysis"], ["3D profile generation", "Generation"], ["Phylogenetic tree construction", "Phylogenetic analysis"], ["Phylogenetic tree construction", "Generation"], ["Phylogenetic footprinting", "Phylogenetic tree construction"], ["Phylogenetic tree construction (data centric)", "Phylogenetic tree construction"], ["Phylogenetic tree construction (from molecular sequences)", "Phylogenetic tree construction (data centric)"], ["Phylogenetic tree construction (from molecular sequences)", "Sequence analysis"], ["Phylogenetic tree construction (from continuous quantitative characters)", "Phylogenetic tree construction (data centric)"], ["Phylogenetic tree construction (from gene frequencies)", "Phylogenetic tree construction (data centric)"], ["Phylogenetic tree construction (from polymorphism data)", "Phylogenetic tree construction (data centric)"], ["Phylogenetic tree construction (method centric)", "Phylogenetic tree construction"], ["Phylogenetic tree construction (parsimony methods)", "Phylogenetic tree construction (method centric)"], ["Phylogenetic tree construction (minimum distance methods)", "Phylogenetic tree construction (method centric)"], ["Phylogenetic tree construction (maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods)", "Phylogenetic tree construction (method centric)"], ["Phylogenetic tree construction (quartet methods)", "Phylogenetic tree construction (method centric)"], ["Phylogenetic tree construction (AI methods)", "Phylogenetic tree construction (method centric)"], ["Species tree construction", "Phylogenetic tree construction"], ["Gene tree construction", "Phylogenetic tree construction"], ["Consensus tree construction", "Phylogenetic tree construction"], ["Consensus tree construction", "Phylogenetic tree comparison"], ["Phylogenetic reconstruction", "Phylogenetic tree construction"], ["RNA secondary structure alignment", "RNA secondary structure analysis"], ["RNA secondary structure alignment", "Generation"], ["Heat map generation", "Expression data visualisation"], ["Heat map generation", "Generation"], ["3D-1D scoring matrix generation", "Protein property calculation"], ["3D-1D scoring matrix generation", "Generation"], ["Scaffolding", "Sequence assembly"], ["Scaffolding", "Generation"], ["Scaffold gap completion", "Scaffolding"], ["Sequence checksum generation", "Generation"], ["Bibliography generation", "Generation"], ["RNA structure covariance model generation", "RNA secondary structure analysis"], ["RNA structure covariance model generation", "Generation"], ["Probabilistic data generation", "Generation"], ["Conversion", "Bioinformatics operation"], ["Sequence coordinate conversion", "Conversion"], ["Calculation", "Bioinformatics operation"], ["Sequence composition calculation", "Sequence analysis"], ["Sequence composition calculation", "Calculation"], ["Sequence complexity calculation", "Sequence composition calculation"], ["Sequence ambiguity calculation", "Sequence composition calculation"], ["Repeat sequence organisation analysis", "Sequence composition calculation"], ["Repeat sequence organisation analysis", "Repeat sequence analysis"], ["Nucleic acid density plotting", "Sequence composition calculation"], ["Nucleic acid density plotting", "Sequence visualisation"], ["k-mer counting", "Sequence composition calculation"], ["Protein property calculation", "Prediction and recognition"], ["Protein property calculation", "Calculation"], ["Simulation analysis", "Protein property calculation"], ["Essential dynamics", "Simulation analysis"], ["Essential dynamics", "Nucleic acid structure analysis"], ["Residue interaction calculation", "Protein property calculation"], ["Residue distance calculation", "Residue interaction calculation"], ["Protein distance matrix calculation", "Residue distance calculation"], ["Contact map calculation", "Protein distance matrix calculation"], ["Residue cluster calculation", "Residue distance calculation"], ["Hydrogen bond calculation", "Residue interaction calculation"], ["Metal-bound cysteine detection", "Residue interaction calculation"], ["Metal-bound cysteine detection", "Protein cysteine and disulfide bond assignment"], ["Protein-metal contact calculation", "Residue interaction calculation"], ["Salt bridge calculation", "Residue interaction calculation"], ["Protein geometry calculation", "Protein property calculation"], ["Ramachandran plot calculation", "Protein geometry calculation"], ["Peptide immunogenicity prediction", "Protein property calculation"], ["Peptide immunogenicity prediction", "Protein function prediction"], ["Residue contact prediction", "Protein property calculation"], ["Residue contact prediction", "Protein sequence analysis"], ["Enzyme kinetics calculation", "Protein property calculation"], ["Protein dipole moment calculation", "Protein property calculation"], ["Protein molecular weight calculation", "Protein property calculation"], ["Protein fragment weight comparison", "Protein molecular weight calculation"], ["Protein fragment weight comparison", "Protein property comparison"], ["Protein extinction coefficient calculation", "Protein property calculation"], ["Protein pKa calculation", "Protein property calculation"], ["Protein titration curve plotting", "Visualisation"], ["Protein titration curve plotting", "Protein pKa calculation"], ["Protein isoelectric point calculation", "Protein pKa calculation"], ["Protein hydrogen exchange rate calculation", "Protein pKa calculation"], ["Protein hydropathy calculation", "Protein property calculation"], ["Protein hydrophobic region calculation", "Protein hydropathy calculation"], ["Protein aliphatic index calculation", "Protein hydropathy calculation"], ["Protein hydrophobic moment plotting", "Sequence visualisation"], ["Protein hydrophobic moment plotting", "Protein hydropathy calculation"], ["Protein globularity prediction", "Protein hydropathy calculation"], ["Protein solubility prediction", "Protein hydropathy calculation"], ["Protein crystallizability prediction", "Protein hydropathy calculation"], ["Spectrum calculation", "Protein property calculation"], ["Spectrum calculation", "Spectral analysis"], ["Nucleic acid property calculation", "Calculation"], ["Nucleic acid thermodynamic property calculation", "Nucleic acid property calculation"], ["Nucleic acid melting profile plotting", "Nucleic acid property calculation"], ["Nucleic acid melting profile plotting", "Visualisation"], ["Nucleic acid stitch profile plotting", "Nucleic acid melting profile plotting"], ["Nucleic acid melting curve plotting", "Nucleic acid melting profile plotting"], ["Nucleic acid probability profile plotting", "Nucleic acid melting profile plotting"], ["Nucleic acid temperature profile plotting", "Nucleic acid melting profile plotting"], ["Nucleic acid curvature calculation", "Nucleic acid property calculation"], ["Statistical calculation", "Calculation"], ["Standardisation and normalisation", "Statistical calculation"], ["Imputation", "Statistical calculation"], ["Statistical inference", "Statistical calculation"], ["Regression analysis", "Statistical calculation"], ["Statistical modelling", "Statistical calculation"], ["Isotopic distributions calculation", "Calculation"], ["Retention time prediction", "Calculation"], ["Rarefaction", "Calculation"], ["Dimensionality reduction", "Calculation"], ["Feature selection", "Dimensionality reduction"], ["Feature extraction", "Dimensionality reduction"], ["Prediction and recognition", "Bioinformatics operation"], ["Sequence feature detection", "Sequence analysis"], ["Sequence feature detection", "Prediction and recognition"], ["Sequence motif discovery", "Sequence feature detection"], ["Sequence motif discovery", "Sequence motif analysis"], ["Sequence motif recognition", "Sequence feature detection"], ["Sequence motif recognition", "Sequence motif analysis"], ["Protein feature detection", "Prediction and recognition"], ["Protein feature detection", "Protein sequence analysis"], ["Structural motif discovery", "Protein structure analysis"], ["Structural motif discovery", "Protein feature detection"], ["Protein domain recognition", "Protein structure analysis"], ["Protein domain recognition", "Protein feature detection"], ["Protein peeling", "Protein domain recognition"], ["Protein secondary structure prediction", "Protein secondary structure analysis"], ["Protein secondary structure prediction", "Protein feature detection"], ["Protein super-secondary structure prediction", "Protein secondary structure prediction"], ["Transmembrane protein prediction", "Protein secondary structure prediction"], ["Transmembrane protein prediction", "Transmembrane protein analysis"], ["Protein secondary structure prediction (helices)", "Protein secondary structure prediction"], ["Protein secondary structure prediction (turns)", "Protein secondary structure prediction"], ["Protein secondary structure prediction (coils)", "Protein secondary structure prediction"], ["Epitope mapping", "Mapping"], ["Epitope mapping", "Protein feature detection"], ["PTM site prediction", "Protein feature detection"], ["Protein signal peptide detection", "Protein function prediction"], ["Protein signal peptide detection", "Protein feature detection"], ["Binding site prediction", "Protein function prediction"], ["Binding site prediction", "Protein feature detection"], ["Nucleic acids-binding site prediction", "Binding site prediction"], ["RNA binding site prediction", "Nucleic acids-binding site prediction"], ["DNA binding site prediction", "Nucleic acids-binding site prediction"], ["Protein-protein binding site prediction", "Binding site prediction"], ["Active site prediction", "Binding site prediction"], ["Ligand-binding site prediction", "Binding site prediction"], ["Metal-binding site prediction", "Binding site prediction"], ["Protein cleavage site prediction", "Protein feature detection"], ["Disulfide bond prediction", "Protein feature detection"], ["Protein disorder prediction", "Protein feature detection"], ["Protein function prediction", "Prediction and recognition"], ["Protein function prediction", "Analysis"], ["Protein-protein interaction analysis", "Protein function prediction"], ["Protein interaction network analysis", "Protein-protein interaction analysis"], ["Protein interaction network analysis", "Network analysis"], ["Protein interaction prediction", "Protein-protein interaction analysis"], ["Protein interaction network prediction", "Protein-protein interaction analysis"], ["Protein interaction network prediction", "Network analysis"], ["Protein-nucleic acid interaction analysis", "Protein function prediction"], ["DNA-binding protein prediction", "Protein-nucleic acid interaction analysis"], ["RNA-binding protein prediction", "Protein-nucleic acid interaction analysis"], ["Molecular docking", "Protein function prediction"], ["Molecular docking", "Structure analysis"], ["Protein-ligand docking", "Molecular docking"], ["Virtual screening", "Protein-ligand docking"], ["Protein-protein docking", "Molecular docking"], ["Protein function comparison", "Protein function prediction"], ["Protein function comparison", "Protein comparison"], ["Subcellular localisation prediction", "Protein function prediction"], ["Splicing analysis", "Prediction and recognition"], ["Splicing analysis", "Modelling and simulation"], ["Splicing analysis", "Gene prediction"], ["Alternative splicing prediction", "Splicing analysis"], ["Splice site prediction", "Splicing analysis"], ["Nucleic acid feature detection", "Prediction and recognition"], ["Nucleic acid feature detection", "Nucleic acid sequence analysis"], ["Vector sequence detection", "Nucleic acid feature detection"], ["RNA secondary structure prediction", "Nucleic acid feature detection"], ["RNA secondary structure prediction", "Nucleic acid structure prediction"], ["RNA secondary structure prediction", "RNA secondary structure analysis"], ["Repeat sequence detection", "Repeat sequence analysis"], ["Repeat sequence detection", "Nucleic acid feature detection"], ["Transposon prediction", "Nucleic acid feature detection"], ["PolyA signal detection", "Nucleic acid feature detection"], ["Quadruplex formation site detection", "Nucleic acid feature detection"], ["CpG island and isochore detection", "Nucleic acid feature detection"], ["Restriction site recognition", "Nucleic acid feature detection"], ["Nucleosome position prediction", "Nucleic acid feature detection"], ["Peak calling", "Nucleic acid feature detection"], ["Differential binding analysis", "Nucleic acid feature detection"], ["Nucleic acid structure prediction", "Prediction and recognition"], ["Nucleic acid structure prediction", "Nucleic acid structure analysis"], ["Nucleic acid folding analysis", "Nucleic acid structure prediction"], ["Nucleic acid folding analysis", "Modelling and simulation"], ["RNA structure prediction", "Nucleic acid structure prediction"], ["DNA structure prediction", "Nucleic acid structure prediction"], ["Text mining", "Prediction and recognition"], ["Text mining", "Analysis"], ["Information retrieval", "Text mining"], ["Resouce Description Framework (RDF) Dataset Discovery", "Information retrieval"], ["Relation extraction", "Text mining"], ["Relation extraction", "Information extraction"], ["Relation classification", "Relation extraction"], ["Relationship extraction using distant supervision", "Relation extraction"], ["Joint entity and relation extraction", "Relation extraction"], ["Joint entity and relation extraction", "Entity extraction"], ["Biomedical relation extraction", "Relation extraction"], ["Biomedical relation extraction", "Biomedical natural language processing"], ["Dialog relation extraction", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Dialog relation extraction", "Relation extraction"], ["Primer and probe design", "Prediction and recognition"], ["Primer and probe design", "Nucleic acid design"], ["PCR primer design", "Primer and probe design"], ["Microarray probe design", "Primer and probe design"], ["Protein structure assignment", "Protein structure analysis"], ["Protein structure assignment", "Prediction and recognition"], ["Protein secondary structure assignment", "Protein structure assignment"], ["Protein cysteine and disulfide bond assignment", "Protein structure assignment"], ["Cysteine bridge detection", "Protein cysteine and disulfide bond assignment"], ["Free cysteine detection", "Protein cysteine and disulfide bond assignment"], ["Variant effect prediction", "Prediction and recognition"], ["Protein structure prediction", "Protein structure analysis"], ["Protein structure prediction", "Prediction and recognition"], ["Protein structure prediction", "Protein sequence analysis"], ["Ab initio structure prediction", "Protein structure prediction"], ["Protein modelling", "Protein structure prediction"], ["Protein modelling", "Modelling and simulation"], ["Backbone modelling", "Protein modelling"], ["Side chain modelling", "Protein modelling"], ["Loop modelling", "Protein modelling"], ["Genetic code prediction", "Codon usage analysis"], ["Genetic code prediction", "Prediction and recognition"], ["Gene regulatory network prediction", "Prediction and recognition"], ["Gene regulatory network prediction", "Expression analysis"], ["Gene regulatory network prediction", "Network analysis"], ["Protein architecture recognition", "Protein architecture analysis"], ["Protein architecture recognition", "Prediction and recognition"], ["Protein architecture recognition", "Structure classification"], ["Molecular dynamics", "Prediction and recognition"], ["Molecular dynamics", "Modelling and simulation"], ["Molecular dynamics", "Structure analysis"], ["Protein quaternary structure prediction", "Prediction and recognition"], ["Virulence prediction", "Sequence analysis"], ["Virulence prediction", "Prediction and recognition"], ["Antimicrobial resistance prediction", "Sequence analysis"], ["Antimicrobial resistance prediction", "Prediction and recognition"], ["Protein identification", "Prediction and recognition"], ["Protein identification", "Spectral analysis"], ["Metabolic pathway prediction", "Prediction and recognition"], ["Metabolic pathway prediction", "Pathway analysis"], ["Comparison", "Bioinformatics operation"], ["Sequence comparison", "Sequence analysis"], ["Sequence comparison", "Comparison"], ["Sequence motif comparison", "Sequence motif analysis"], ["Sequence motif comparison", "Sequence comparison"], ["Sequencing error detection", "Sequence comparison"], ["Frameshift detection", "Sequencing error detection"], ["Frameshift detection", "Variant calling"], ["Sequence word comparison", "Sequence comparison"], ["Dot plot plotting", "Sequence word comparison"], ["Dot plot plotting", "Sequence visualisation"], ["Sequence redundancy removal", "Sequence comparison"], ["Representative sequence identification", "Sequence comparison"], ["Genome comparison", "Sequence comparison"], ["Genome comparison", "Genome analysis"], ["Sequence feature comparison", "Sequence analysis"], ["Sequence feature comparison", "Comparison"], ["Genome feature comparison", "Sequence feature comparison"], ["Genome feature comparison", "Genome analysis"], ["Sequence alignment comparison", "Sequence alignment analysis"], ["Sequence alignment comparison", "Comparison"], ["Nucleic acid comparison", "Comparison"], ["Codon usage table comparison", "Codon usage analysis"], ["Codon usage table comparison", "Nucleic acid comparison"], ["Nucleic acid structure comparison", "Nucleic acid structure analysis"], ["Nucleic acid structure comparison", "Structure comparison"], ["Nucleic acid structure comparison", "Nucleic acid comparison"], ["Differential gene expression analysis", "Nucleic acid comparison"], ["Differential protein expression analysis", "Protein comparison"], ["Differential protein expression analysis", "Differential gene expression analysis"], ["Structure comparison", "Comparison"], ["Structure comparison", "Structure analysis"], ["Protein structure comparison", "Protein structure analysis"], ["Protein structure comparison", "Structure comparison"], ["Protein structure comparison", "Protein comparison"], ["Chemical redundancy removal", "Structure comparison"], ["Molecular surface comparison", "Structure comparison"], ["Molecular surface comparison", "Molecular surface analysis"], ["Protein comparison", "Comparison"], ["Protein architecture comparison", "Protein architecture analysis"], ["Protein architecture comparison", "Protein comparison"], ["Protein secondary structure comparison", "Protein secondary structure analysis"], ["Protein secondary structure comparison", "Protein comparison"], ["Protein property comparison", "Protein comparison"], ["Phylogenetic tree comparison", "Phylogenetic analysis"], ["Phylogenetic tree comparison", "Comparison"], ["Phylogenetic sub/super tree construction", "Phylogenetic tree comparison"], ["Phylogenetic tree distances calculation", "Phylogenetic tree comparison"], ["Phylogenetic tree reconciliation", "Phylogenetic tree comparison"], ["Article comparison", "Comparison"], ["Document similarity calculation", "Article comparison"], ["ID mapping", "Comparison"], ["ID mapping", "Mapping"], ["Ontology comparison", "Comparison"], ["Database comparison", "Comparison"], ["Database comparison", "Mapping"], ["Sample comparison", "Comparison"], ["Analysis", "Bioinformatics operation"], ["Sequence analysis", "Analysis"], ["Repeat sequence analysis", "Sequence analysis"], ["Sequence motif analysis", "Sequence analysis"], ["Sequence alignment analysis", "Sequence analysis"], ["Sequence alignment validation", "Sequence alignment analysis"], ["Sequence alignment validation", "Validation"], ["Sequence alignment analysis (conservation)", "Sequence alignment analysis"], ["Sequence alignment analysis (site correlation)", "Sequence alignment analysis"], ["Sequence alignment analysis (site correlation)", "Correlation"], ["Sequence alignment refinement", "Sequence alignment analysis"], ["Sequence alignment refinement", "Optimisation and refinement"], ["Protein sequence analysis", "Sequence analysis"], ["Nucleic acid sequence analysis", "Sequence analysis"], ["Variant calling", "Nucleic acid sequence analysis"], ["Variant calling", "Genetic variation analysis"], ["Indel detection", "Variant calling"], ["SNP detection", "Variant calling"], ["Linkage analysis", "Nucleic acid sequence analysis"], ["Genetic mapping", "Linkage analysis"], ["Genetic mapping", "DNA mapping"], ["Haplotype mapping", "Genetic mapping"], ["Linkage disequilibrium calculation", "Linkage analysis"], ["Codon usage analysis", "Nucleic acid sequence analysis"], ["Base position variability plotting", "Codon usage analysis"], ["Base position variability plotting", "Sequence visualisation"], ["DNA substitution modelling", "Codon usage analysis"], ["DNA substitution modelling", "Modelling and simulation"], ["Codon usage bias calculation", "Codon usage analysis"], ["Codon usage fraction calculation", "Codon usage analysis"], ["Ecological modelling", "Codon usage analysis"], ["Ecological modelling", "Modelling and simulation"], ["Virtual PCR", "Nucleic acid sequence analysis"], ["Sequence assembly", "Nucleic acid sequence analysis"], ["Mapping assembly", "Sequence assembly"], ["De-novo assembly", "Sequence assembly"], ["Genome assembly", "Sequence assembly"], ["Genome assembly", "Genome analysis"], ["EST assembly", "Sequence assembly"], ["Localised reassembly", "Sequence assembly"], ["Exome assembly", "Sequence assembly"], ["Transcriptome assembly", "Sequence assembly"], ["Cross-assembly", "Sequence assembly"], ["Genome analysis", "Nucleic acid sequence analysis"], ["Whole genome methylation analysis", "Methylation analysis"], ["Whole genome methylation analysis", "Genome analysis"], ["Genome visualisation", "Sequence visualisation"], ["Genome visualisation", "Genome analysis"], ["Gene prediction", "Nucleic acid sequence analysis"], ["Operon prediction", "Gene prediction"], ["Coding region prediction", "Gene prediction"], ["Translation initiation site prediction", "Coding region prediction"], ["SECIS element prediction", "Gene prediction"], ["Transcriptional regulatory element prediction", "Gene prediction"], ["Promoter prediction", "Transcriptional regulatory element prediction"], ["Transcription factor binding site prediction", "Promoter prediction"], ["Exonic splicing enhancer prediction", "Promoter prediction"], ["cis-regulatory element prediction", "Transcriptional regulatory element prediction"], ["trans-regulatory element prediction", "Transcriptional regulatory element prediction"], ["miRNA target prediction", "trans-regulatory element prediction"], ["siRNA binding specificity prediction", "trans-regulatory element prediction"], ["siRNA duplex prediction", "trans-regulatory element prediction"], ["S/MAR prediction", "Transcriptional regulatory element prediction"], ["tRNA gene prediction", "Gene prediction"], ["Ab-initio gene prediction", "Gene prediction"], ["Homology-based gene prediction", "Gene prediction"], ["Chimera detection", "Nucleic acid sequence analysis"], ["DNA testing", "Nucleic acid sequence analysis"], ["Recombination detection", "DNA testing"], ["Copy number estimation", "DNA testing"], ["Nucleic acid design", "Design"], ["Nucleic acid design", "Nucleic acid sequence analysis"], ["RNA inverse folding", "Nucleic acid design"], ["DNA vaccine design", "Nucleic acid design"], ["In vitro selection", "Nucleic acid design"], ["Sequencing quality control", "Validation"], ["Sequencing quality control", "Nucleic acid sequence analysis"], ["Sequence assembly validation", "Sequencing quality control"], ["Sequence contamination filtering", "Sequencing quality control"], ["Read pre-processing", "Sequencing quality control"], ["Read pre-processing", "Sequence read processing"], ["Variant filtering", "Sequencing quality control"], ["Methylation analysis", "Nucleic acid sequence analysis"], ["Bisulfite mapping", "Physical mapping"], ["Bisulfite mapping", "Methylation analysis"], ["Gene methylation analysis", "Methylation analysis"], ["DMR identification", "Methylation analysis"], ["Methylation calling", "Methylation analysis"], ["Sequence read processing", "Nucleic acid sequence analysis"], ["Read mapping", "Physical mapping"], ["Read mapping", "Sequence read processing"], ["Split read mapping", "Read mapping"], ["Read depth analysis", "Sequence read processing"], ["RNA-Seq analysis", "Expression analysis"], ["RNA-Seq analysis", "Sequence read processing"], ["RNA-seq read count analysis", "RNA-Seq analysis"], ["RNA-seq time series data analysis", "RNA-Seq analysis"], ["Read summarisation", "Sequence read processing"], ["Read binning", "Sequence read processing"], ["Demultiplexing", "Sequence read processing"], ["DNA barcoding", "Nucleic acid sequence analysis"], ["Species frequency estimation", "Nucleic acid sequence analysis"], ["DNA profiling", "Nucleic acid sequence analysis"], ["Selection detection", "Nucleic acid sequence analysis"], ["Sequence visualisation", "Visualisation"], ["Sequence visualisation", "Sequence analysis"], ["Sequence assembly visualisation", "Sequence visualisation"], ["Sequence classification", "Sequence analysis"], ["Sequence classification", "Classification"], ["Variant classification", "Sequence classification"], ["Variant classification", "Genetic variation analysis"], ["Taxonomic classification", "Sequence classification"], ["Transmembrane protein analysis", "Analysis"], ["Transmembrane protein visualisation", "Transmembrane protein analysis"], ["Transmembrane protein visualisation", "Structure visualisation"], ["Network analysis", "Analysis"], ["Gene regulatory network analysis", "Expression analysis"], ["Gene regulatory network analysis", "Network analysis"], ["Metabolic network modelling", "Network analysis"], ["Metabolic network modelling", "Pathway analysis"], ["Weighted correlation network analysis", "Network analysis"], ["Network visualisation", "Visualisation"], ["Network visualisation", "Network analysis"], ["Structure analysis", "Analysis"], ["Protein structure analysis", "Structure analysis"], ["Protein architecture analysis", "Protein structure analysis"], ["Protein secondary structure analysis", "Protein structure analysis"], ["Protein structure validation", "Protein structure analysis"], ["Protein structure validation", "Validation"], ["Residue bump detection", "Protein structure validation"], ["Residue packing validation", "Protein structure validation"], ["Protein geometry validation", "Protein structure validation"], ["Maximum occurence analysis", "Protein structure validation"], ["Protein folding analysis", "Protein structure analysis"], ["Protein folding analysis", "Modelling and simulation"], ["Molecular model refinement", "Optimisation and refinement"], ["Molecular model refinement", "Structure analysis"], ["Molecular replacement", "Molecular model refinement"], ["Rigid body refinement", "Molecular model refinement"], ["Molecular surface analysis", "Structure analysis"], ["Accessible surface calculation", "Molecular surface analysis"], ["Molecular surface calculation", "Molecular surface analysis"], ["Surface rendering", "Structure visualisation"], ["Surface rendering", "Molecular surface analysis"], ["Nucleic acid structure analysis", "Structure analysis"], ["RNA secondary structure analysis", "Nucleic acid structure analysis"], ["Structure visualisation", "Visualisation"], ["Structure visualisation", "Structure analysis"], ["Helical wheel drawing", "Structure visualisation"], ["Topology diagram drawing", "Structure visualisation"], ["Trajectory visualization", "Structure visualisation"], ["Structure classification", "Structure analysis"], ["Structure classification", "Classification"], ["Diffraction data analysis", "Structure analysis"], ["Diffraction data reduction", "Diffraction data analysis"], ["Diffraction data integration", "Diffraction data analysis"], ["Phasing", "Diffraction data analysis"], ["Single particle analysis", "Structure analysis"], ["Single particle analysis", "Image analysis"], ["Single particle alignment and classification", "Classification"], ["Single particle alignment and classification", "Single particle analysis"], ["Expression analysis", "Analysis"], ["Expression profile comparison", "Expression analysis"], ["Expression correlation analysis", "Expression profile comparison"], ["Expression correlation analysis", "Correlation"], ["Expression data visualisation", "Visualisation"], ["Expression data visualisation", "Expression analysis"], ["Clustering profile plotting", "Expression data visualisation"], ["Proximity map plotting", "Expression data visualisation"], ["Dendrogram visualisation", "Expression data visualisation"], ["Treemap visualisation", "Expression data visualisation"], ["Expression profile pathway mapping", "Mapping"], ["Expression profile pathway mapping", "Expression analysis"], ["Expression profile pathway mapping", "Pathway analysis"], ["Gene-set enrichment analysis", "Expression analysis"], ["Gene-set enrichment analysis", "Enrichment analysis"], ["Gene expression QTL analysis", "Expression analysis"], ["miRNA expression analysis", "Expression analysis"], ["Phylogenetic analysis", "Analysis"], ["Phylogenetic tree topology analysis", "Phylogenetic analysis"], ["Phylogenetic tree bootstrapping", "Phylogenetic analysis"], ["Phylogenetic tree bootstrapping", "Validation"], ["Allele frequency distribution analysis", "Phylogenetic analysis"], ["Phylogenetic tree visualisation", "Phylogenetic analysis"], ["Phylogenetic tree visualisation", "Visualisation"], ["Ancestral reconstruction", "Phylogenetic analysis"], ["Tree dating", "Phylogenetic analysis"], ["Pathway analysis", "Analysis"], ["Pathway visualisation", "Visualisation"], ["Pathway visualisation", "Pathway analysis"], ["Enrichment analysis", "Analysis"], ["Chemical similarity enrichment", "Enrichment analysis"], ["Genetic variation analysis", "Analysis"], ["Genotyping", "Genetic variation analysis"], ["Multilocus sequence typing", "Genotyping"], ["Variant prioritisation", "Genetic variation analysis"], ["Structural variation detection", "Genetic variation analysis"], ["Variant pattern analysis", "Genetic variation analysis"], ["Reference identification", "Genetic variation analysis"], ["Collapsing methods", "Genetic variation analysis"], ["Spectral analysis", "Analysis"], ["Peak detection", "Spectral analysis"], ["Mass spectra calibration", "Spectral analysis"], ["Chromatographic alignment", "Spectral analysis"], ["Deisotoping", "Spectral analysis"], ["Protein quantification", "Spectral analysis"], ["Protein quantification", "Quantification"], ["Label-free quantification", "Protein quantification"], ["Spectral counting", "Label-free quantification"], ["Ion counting", "Label-free quantification"], ["Labeled quantification", "Protein quantification"], ["SILAC", "Labeled quantification"], ["iTRAQ", "Labeled quantification"], ["18O labeling", "Labeled quantification"], ["TMT-tag", "Labeled quantification"], ["Dimethyl", "Labeled quantification"], ["Isotope-coded protein label", "Labeled quantification"], ["Metabolic labeling", "Labeled quantification"], ["MRM/SRM", "Protein quantification"], ["Peptide identification", "Spectral analysis"], ["Tag-based peptide identification", "Peptide identification"], ["PTM identification", "Peptide identification"], ["PTM localisation", "PTM identification"], ["Spectral library search", "Peptide identification"], ["Natural product identification", "Spectral analysis"], ["Image analysis", "Analysis"], ["Cell migration analysis", "Image analysis"], ["Neurite measurement", "Image analysis"], ["Modelling and simulation", "Bioinformatics operation"], ["Simulated gene expression data generation", "Modelling and simulation"], ["Forcefield parameterisation", "Modelling and simulation"], ["Validation", "Bioinformatics operation"], ["Format validation", "Validation"], ["Optimisation and refinement", "Bioinformatics operation"], ["Visualisation", "Bioinformatics operation"], ["Sequence cluster visualisation", "Visualisation"], ["Map drawing", "Visualisation"], ["Restriction map drawing", "Map drawing"], ["Plasmid map drawing", "Map drawing"], ["Operon drawing", "Map drawing"], ["Principal component visualisation", "Visualisation"], ["Scatter plot plotting", "Visualisation"], ["Box-Whisker plot plotting", "Visualisation"], ["Chromatogram visualisation", "Visualisation"], ["Incident curve plotting", "Visualisation"], ["Microscope image visualisation", "Visualisation"], ["Ontology visualisation", "Visualisation"], ["Mass spectrum visualisation", "Visualisation"], ["Multiple sample visualisation", "Visualisation"], ["Mapping", "Bioinformatics operation"], ["DNA mapping", "Mapping"], ["Physical mapping", "DNA mapping"], ["Radiation Hybrid Mapping", "Physical mapping"], ["Sequence tagged site (STS) mapping", "Physical mapping"], ["Correlation", "Bioinformatics operation"], ["Design", "Bioinformatics operation"], ["Classification", "Bioinformatics operation"], ["Quantification", "Bioinformatics operation"], ["RNA-Seq quantification", "Quantification"], ["Service management", "Bioinformatics operation"], ["Service discovery", "Service management"], ["Service composition", "Service management"], ["Service invocation", "Service management"], ["AI process", "Process"], ["Vision process", "AI process"], ["Optical character recognition", "Vision process"], ["Optical character recognition", "Natural language processing"], ["Handwriting recognition", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Handwriting recognition", "Optical character recognition"], ["Handwritten digit recognition", "Handwriting recognition"], ["Active learning", "Optical character recognition"], ["Active learning", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Active object detection", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Active object detection", "Active learning"], ["Trajectory prediction", "Vision process"], ["Trajectory prediction", "Miscellaneous process"], ["Trajectory prediction", "Time series process"], ["Trajectory forecasting", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Trajectory forecasting", "Trajectory prediction"], ["Depth estimation", "Vision process"], ["Monocular depth estimation", "Depth estimation"], ["Stereo depth estimation", "Depth estimation"], ["Indoor monocular depth estimation", "Depth estimation"], ["Stereo-lidar fusion", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Stereo-lidar fusion", "Depth estimation"], ["Super-resolution", "Vision process"], ["Image super-resolution", "Super-resolution"], ["Multi-frame super-resolution", "Image super-resolution"], ["Audio super-resolution", "Image super-resolution"], ["Audio super-resolution", "Audio generation"], ["Video super-resolution", "Super-resolution"], ["Video super-resolution", "Video process"], ["Video process", "Vision process"], ["Video understanding", "Video process"], ["Video alignment", "Video understanding"], ["Object tracking", "Video process"], ["Visual object tracking", "Object tracking"], ["Multi-object tracking", "Object tracking"], ["3D multi-object tracking", "Multi-object tracking"], ["Multiple object tracking", "Object tracking"], ["Online multi-object tracking", "Object tracking"], ["3D object tracking", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["3D object tracking", "Object tracking"], ["3D object tracking", "3D vision process"], ["Video prediction", "Time series process"], ["Video prediction", "Video process"], ["Action classification", "Video process"], ["Skeleton based action recognition", "Action classification"], ["Skeleton based action recognition", "3D human action recognition"], ["Skeleton based action recognition", "Human interaction recognition"], ["Skeleton based action recognition", "Hand gesture recognition"], ["Skeleton based action recognition", "Action detection"], ["Skeleton based action recognition", "3D action recognition"], ["Video classification", "Video process"], ["Action recognition in videos", "Video classification"], ["Action recognition in videos", "Temporal action localization"], ["Action recognition in videos", "Activity recognition"], ["Self-supervised action recognition", "Action recognition in videos"], ["Self-supervised action recognition", "Action recognition"], ["Action recognition", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Action recognition", "Video classification"], ["Action recognition", "Temporal action localization"], ["Action recognition", "Activity recognition"], ["3D action recognition", "Action recognition"], ["Zero shot skeletal action recognition", "Zero-shot learning"], ["Zero shot skeletal action recognition", "3D action recognition"], ["Generalized zero shot skeletal action recognition", "Zero shot skeletal action recognition"], ["Action triplet recognition", "Action recognition"], ["Video generation", "Video process"], ["Video frame interpolation", "Video process"], ["Video retrieval", "Video process"], ["Replay grounding", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Replay grounding", "Video retrieval"], ["Video denoising", "Video process"], ["Video summarization", "Video process"], ["Unsupervised video summarization", "Video summarization"], ["Supervised video summarization", "Video summarization"], ["Video-to-video synthesis", "Video process"], ["Activity recognition in videos", "Video process"], ["Activity recognition in videos", "Temporal action localization"], ["Activity prediction", "Time series process"], ["Activity prediction", "Activity recognition in videos"], ["Anomaly detection in surveillance videos", "Video process"], ["Anomaly detection in surveillance videos", "Abnormal event detection in video"], ["Abnormal event detection in video", "Video process"], ["Abnormal event detection in video", "Anomaly detection"], ["Semi-supervised anomaly detection", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Semi-supervised anomaly detection", "Abnormal event detection in video"], ["Action spotting", "Video process"], ["Video deinterlacing", "Video process"], ["Video story qa", "Video process"], ["Video object segmentation", "Video process"], ["Video salient object detection", "Salient object detection"], ["Video salient object detection", "Video object segmentation"], ["Video salient object detection", "RGB salient object detection"], ["Unsupervised video object segmentation", "Video object segmentation"], ["Semi-supervised video object segmentation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Semi-supervised video object segmentation", "Video object segmentation"], ["One-shot visual object segmentation", "Semi-supervised video object segmentation"], ["Interactive video object segmentation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Interactive video object segmentation", "Video object segmentation"], ["SpO2 estimation", "Video process"], ["Reconstruction", "Vision process"], ["Single-view 3D reconstruction", "Reconstruction"], ["Single-image-based Hdr reconstruction", "Reconstruction"], ["3D human reconstruction", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["3D human reconstruction", "Reconstruction"], ["Facial recognition and modelling", "Vision process"], ["Face recognition", "Facial recognition and modelling"], ["Age-invariant face recognition", "Face recognition"], ["Heterogeneous face recognition", "Face recognition"], ["Face quality assessement", "Face recognition"], ["Face detection", "Facial recognition and modelling"], ["Occluded face detection", "Face detection"], ["Face alignment", "Facial recognition and modelling"], ["Face verification", "Facial recognition and modelling"], ["Disguised face verification", "Face verification"], ["Facial expression recognition", "Facial recognition and modelling"], ["3D facial expression recognition", "Facial expression recognition"], ["Smile recognition", "Facial expression recognition"], ["Facial landmark detection", "Facial recognition and modelling"], ["Unsupervised facial landmark detection", "Facial landmark detection"], ["3D facial landmark localization", "Facial landmark detection"], ["Face reconstruction", "Facial recognition and modelling"], ["3D face reconstruction", "Face reconstruction"], ["Face identification", "Facial recognition and modelling"], ["Face swapping", "Facial recognition and modelling"], ["Facial action unit detection", "Facial recognition and modelling"], ["Action unit detection", "Facial recognition and modelling"], ["Age estimation", "Facial recognition and modelling"], ["Gender prediction", "Facial recognition and modelling"], ["Face hallucination", "Facial recognition and modelling"], ["Facial beauty prediction", "Facial recognition and modelling"], ["Facial attribute classification", "Facial recognition and modelling"], ["Age and gender classification", "Facial recognition and modelling"], ["Face anti-spoofing", "Vision process"], ["Face anti-spoofing", "Deception detection"], ["Deception detection", "Vision process"], ["Deception detection", "Miscellaneous process"], ["Sketch", "Vision process"], ["Face sketch synthesis", "Sketch"], ["Autonomous vehicle task", "Vision process"], ["Autonomous driving", "Miscellaneous process"], ["Autonomous driving", "Autonomous vehicle task"], ["Motion forecasting", "Autonomous driving"], ["Motion forecasting", "3D vision process"], ["Multiple object forecasting", "Motion forecasting"], ["Autonomous navigation", "Autonomous vehicle task"], ["Autonomous navigation", "Robotics process"], ["Autonomous flight (dense forest)", "Autonomous navigation"], ["Pedestrian detection", "Autonomous vehicle task"], ["Lane detection", "Autonomous vehicle task"], ["Traffic sign recognition", "Autonomous vehicle task"], ["Pedestrian attribute recognition", "Autonomous vehicle task"], ["3D car instance understanding", "Autonomous vehicle task"], ["3D car instance understanding", "3D vision process"], ["Hand gesture recognition", "3D car instance understanding"], ["Hand gesture recognition", "Hand-related vision process"], ["Hand gesture recognition", "Gesture recognition"], ["3D vision process", "Vision process"], ["3D human pose estimation", "Pose estimation"], ["3D human pose estimation", "3D vision process"], ["Pose prediction", "3D human pose estimation"], ["3D absolute human pose estimation", "3D human pose estimation"], ["3D face animation", "3D absolute human pose estimation"], ["Image generation", "3D face animation"], ["Face generation", "Image generation"], ["Face generation", "3D scene reconstruction"], ["Talking face generation", "Face generation"], ["Talking head generation", "Face generation"], ["Unconstrained lip-synchronization", "Talking head generation"], ["Image inpainting", "Image generation"], ["Facial inpainting", "Image inpainting"], ["Image outpainting", "Image inpainting"], ["Cloud removal", "Image inpainting"], ["Image-to-image translation", "Image generation"], ["Unsupervised image-to-image translation", "Image-to-image translation"], ["Synthetic-to-real translation", "Image-to-image translation"], ["Multimodal unsupervised image-to-image translation", "Image-to-image translation"], ["Cross-view image-to-image translation", "Image-to-image translation"], ["Facial makeup transfer", "Image-to-image translation"], ["Fundus to angiography generation", "Image-to-image translation"], ["Conditional image generation", "Image generation"], ["Text-to-image generation", "Natural language processing"], ["Text-to-image generation", "Image generation"], ["Zero-shot text-to-image generation", "Text-to-image generation"], ["Pose transfer", "Image generation"], ["Layout-to-image generation", "Image generation"], ["3D multi-person pose estimation", "3D human pose estimation"], ["3D multi-person pose estimation (root-relative)", "3D multi-person pose estimation"], ["3D multi-person pose estimation (absolute)", "3D multi-person pose estimation"], ["Monocular 3D human pose estimation", "3D human pose estimation"], ["Weakly-supervised 3D human pose estimation", "3D human pose estimation"], ["3D reconstruction", "3D vision process"], ["3D scene reconstruction", "3D reconstruction"], ["3D room layouts from a single rgb panorama", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["3D room layouts from a single rgb panorama", "3D reconstruction"], ["3D room layouts from a single rgb panorama", "Scene understanding"], ["3D human action recognition", "Temporal action localization"], ["3D human action recognition", "3D vision process"], ["3D pose estimation", "Pose estimation"], ["3D pose estimation", "3D vision process"], ["Playing FPS games", "Playing video games"], ["Playing FPS games", "3D vision process"], ["Playing game of Doom", "Playing FPS games"], ["3D object classification", "3D vision process"], ["3D point cloud matching", "3D vision process"], ["3D feature matching", "3D vision process"], ["3D shape modeling", "3D vision process"], ["Video reconstruction", "3D vision process"], ["3D shape reconstruction", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["3D shape reconstruction", "3D vision process"], ["3D shape reconstruction from a single 2D image", "3D shape reconstruction"], ["3D shape classification", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["3D shape classification", "3D vision process"], ["3D face modeling", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["3D face modeling", "3D vision process"], ["Occluded 3D object symmetry detection", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Occluded 3D object symmetry detection", "3D vision process"], ["Domain adaptation", "Vision process"], ["Domain adaptation", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Unsupervised domain adaptation", "Domain adaptation"], ["Domain generalization", "Domain adaptation"], ["Partial domain adaptation", "Domain adaptation"], ["Continuously indexed domain adaptation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Continuously indexed domain adaptation", "Domain adaptation"], ["Wildly unsupervised domain adaptation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Wildly unsupervised domain adaptation", "Domain adaptation"], ["Visual speech recognition", "Vision process"], ["Lip to speech synthesis", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Lip to speech synthesis", "Visual speech recognition"], ["Lip to speech synthesis", "Speech synthesis"], ["Speaker-specific lip to speech synthesis", "Lip to speech synthesis"], ["Visual dialog", "Vision process"], ["Visual dialog", "Dialog process"], ["Person search", "Vision process"], ["Pose estimation", "Vision process"], ["2D human pose estimation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["2D human pose estimation", "Pose estimation"], ["Deblurring", "2D human pose estimation"], ["Blind image deblurring", "Deblurring"], ["Single-image blind deblurring", "Deblurring"], ["Hand pose estimation", "Hand-related vision process"], ["Hand pose estimation", "Pose estimation"], ["3D hand pose estimation", "Hand pose estimation"], ["3D canonical hand pose estimation", "3D hand pose estimation"], ["Keypoint detection", "Pose estimation"], ["Multi-person pose estimation", "Pose estimation"], ["6D pose estimation using rgb", "Pose estimation"], ["6D pose estimation", "Pose estimation"], ["Hand-object pose", "6D pose estimation"], ["Head pose estimation", "Pose estimation"], ["Human pose forecasting", "Pose estimation"], ["6D pose estimation using rgbd", "Pose estimation"], ["Animal pose estimation", "Pose estimation"], ["RF-based pose estimation", "Pose estimation"], ["Hand joint reconstruction", "Pose estimation"], ["Vehicle pose estimation", "Pose estimation"], ["Activeness detection", "Pose estimation"], ["Imputation", "Vision process"], ["Imputation", "Time series process"], ["Multivariate time series imputation", "Imputation"], ["Image quality assessment", "Vision process"], ["No-reference image quality assessment", "Image quality assessment"], ["Aesthetics quality assessment", "Image quality assessment"], ["Image enhancement", "Vision process"], ["Low-light image enhancement", "Image enhancement"], ["Image relighting", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Image relighting", "Image enhancement"], ["Rain removal", "Vision process"], ["Single image deraining", "Rain removal"], ["Dehazing", "Vision process"], ["Single image dehazing", "Dehazing"], ["Image dehazing", "Dehazing"], ["Multimodal machine translation", "Vision process"], ["Multimodal machine translation", "Machine translation"], ["Multimodal lexical translation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Multimodal lexical translation", "Multimodal machine translation"], ["Biomedical vision process", "Vision process"], ["Biomedical vision process", "Biomedical AI process"], ["Medical image segmentation", "Biomedical vision process"], ["Lesion segmentation", "Medical image segmentation"], ["Brain image segmentation", "Medical image segmentation"], ["Brain tumor segmentation", "Brain image segmentation"], ["3D medical imaging segmentation", "Medical image segmentation"], ["Pancreas segmentation", "3D medical imaging segmentation"], ["Retinal vessel segmentation", "Medical image segmentation"], ["Cell segmentation", "Medical image segmentation"], ["Lung nodule segmentation", "Medical image segmentation"], ["Nuclear segmentation", "Medical image segmentation"], ["Iris segmentation", "Medical image segmentation"], ["Electron microscopy image segmentation", "Medical image segmentation"], ["Liver segmentation", "Medical image segmentation"], ["Volumetric medical image segmentation", "Medical image segmentation"], ["Skin cancer segmentation", "Volumetric medical image segmentation"], ["Infant brain mri segmentation", "Medical image segmentation"], ["Pulmorary vessel segmentation", "Medical image segmentation"], ["Pulmonary artery\u2013vein classification", "Pulmorary vessel segmentation"], ["Colorectal gland segmentation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Colorectal gland segmentation", "Medical image segmentation"], ["Optic cup segmentation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Optic cup segmentation", "Medical image segmentation"], ["Diabetic retinopathy detection", "Biomedical vision process"], ["Ultrasound imaging process", "Biomedical vision process"], ["Computed tomography (CT) task", "Biomedical vision process"], ["Stroke classification from CT data", "Computed tomography (CT) task"], ["Medical image registration", "Biomedical vision process"], ["BIRL: benchmark on image registration methods with landmark validations", "Medical image registration"], ["Diffeomorphic medical image registration", "Medical image registration"], ["Medical image generation", "Biomedical vision process"], ["Radiologist binary classification", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Radiologist binary classification", "Medical image generation"], ["Retinal OCT disease classification", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Retinal OCT disease classification", "Disease prediction"], ["Retinal OCT disease classification", "Medical diagnosis"], ["Retinal OCT disease classification", "Biomedical vision process"], ["Tumor segmentation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Tumor segmentation", "Semantic segmentation"], ["Tumor segmentation", "Biomedical vision process"], ["Polyp segmentation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Polyp segmentation", "Semantic segmentation"], ["Polyp segmentation", "Biomedical vision process"], ["Surgical tool detection", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Surgical tool detection", "Object detection"], ["Surgical tool detection", "Biomedical vision process"], ["Breast tumour classification", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Breast tumour classification", "Biomedical vision process"], ["Multi-tissue nucleus segmentation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Multi-tissue nucleus segmentation", "Biomedical vision process"], ["Medical image denoising", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Medical image denoising", "Image denoising"], ["Medical image denoising", "Biomedical vision process"], ["Breast tissue identification", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Breast tissue identification", "Biomedical vision process"], ["Diabetic retinopathy grading", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Diabetic retinopathy grading", "Biomedical vision process"], ["Optic cup detection", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Optic cup detection", "Biomedical vision process"], ["Optic disc detection", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Optic disc detection", "Biomedical vision process"], ["Fovea detection", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Fovea detection", "Biomedical vision process"], ["Scene generation", "Vision process"], ["Style transfer", "Vision process"], ["Style transfer", "Graph process"], ["Style transfer", "Music process"], ["Person re-identification", "Vision process"], ["Unsupervised person re-identification", "Person re-identification"], ["Cross-modal  person re-identification", "Person re-identification"], ["Generalizable person re-identification", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Generalizable person re-identification", "Person re-identification"], ["Person identification", "Vision process"], ["Human interaction recognition", "Vision process"], ["One-shot 3D action recognition", "Human interaction recognition"], ["Action detection", "Vision process"], ["Audio-visual active speaker detection", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Audio-visual active speaker detection", "Action detection"], ["Activity recognition", "Vision process"], ["Multimodal activity recognition", "Activity recognition"], ["Egocentric activity recognition", "Activity recognition"], ["Group activity recognition", "Activity recognition"], ["Recognizing and localizing human actions", "Activity recognition"], ["Human action generation", "Miscellaneous process"], ["Human action generation", "Activity recognition"], ["Action localization", "Vision process"], ["Temporal action localization", "Zero-shot learning"], ["Temporal action localization", "Action localization"], ["Weakly-supervised temporal action localization", "Temporal action localization"], ["Temporal action proposal generation", "Temporal action localization"], ["Weakly supervised action localization", "Temporal action localization"], ["Action segmentation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Action segmentation", "Action localization"], ["Image classification", "Vision process"], ["Few-shot image classification", "Few-shot learning"], ["Few-shot image classification", "Image classification"], ["Generalized few-shot classification", "Few-shot image classification"], ["Long-tail learning", "Generalized few-shot classification"], ["Long-tail learning", "Generalized few-shot learning"], ["Long-tail learning with class descriptors", "Long-tail learning"], ["Document image classification", "Image classification"], ["Hyperspectral image classification", "Hyperspectral"], ["Hyperspectral image classification", "Image classification"], ["Semi-supervised image classification", "Image classification"], ["Fine-grained image classification", "Image classification"], ["Displaced people recognition", "Fine-grained image classification"], ["Sequential image classification", "Image classification"], ["Self-supervised image classification", "Image classification"], ["Unsupervised image classification", "Image classification"], ["Sparse representation-based classification", "Image classification"], ["Classification consistency", "Image classification"], ["Satellite image classification", "Image classification"], ["Small data image classification", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Small data image classification", "Image classification"], ["Learning with noisy labels", "Image classification"], ["Learning with noisy labels", "Document text classification"], ["Genre classification", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Genre classification", "Image classification"], ["Superpixel image classification", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Superpixel image classification", "Image classification"], ["Photo geolocation estimation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Photo geolocation estimation", "Image classification"], ["Artistic style classification", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Artistic style classification", "Image classification"], ["Scale generalisation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Scale generalisation", "Image classification"], ["Material property prediction", "Vision process"], ["Material property prediction", "Graph process"], ["Formation energy prediction", "Miscellaneous process"], ["Formation energy prediction", "Material property prediction"], ["Image question answering", "Vision process"], ["Image question answering", "Question answering"], ["Video question answering", "Vision process"], ["Video question answering", "Question answering"], ["Scene parsing", "Vision process"], ["Scene understanding", "Scene parsing"], ["Outdoor light source estimation", "Scene understanding"], ["Scene text recognition", "Scene parsing"], ["Scene recognition", "Scene parsing"], ["Scene graph generation", "Scene parsing"], ["Indoor scene reconstruction", "Scene parsing"], ["Plan2scene", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Plan2scene", "Indoor scene reconstruction"], ["Face parsing", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Face parsing", "Scene parsing"], ["Text-to-image", "Vision process"], ["Story visualization", "Text-to-image"], ["Crowds", "Vision process"], ["Crowd counting", "Crowds"], ["Visual reasoning", "Vision process"], ["Visual reasoning", "Reasoning (defined by data)"], ["Visual commonsense reasoning", "Visual reasoning"], ["Medical diagnosis", "Vision process"], ["Medical diagnosis", "Biomedical AI process"], ["Saliency detection", "Vision process"], ["Video saliency detection", "Saliency detection"], ["Co-salient object detection", "Saliency detection"], ["Co-salient object detection", "RGB salient object detection"], ["Edge detection", "Vision process"], ["Boundary detection", "Vision process"], ["Semantic segmentation", "Vision process"], ["Semantic segmentation", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Real-time semantic segmentation", "Semantic segmentation"], ["Real-time 3D semantic segmentation", "Real-time semantic segmentation"], ["Real-time 3D semantic segmentation", "3D semantic segmentation"], ["3D semantic segmentation", "Semantic segmentation"], ["Weakly-supervised semantic segmentation", "Semantic segmentation"], ["Scene segmentation", "Semantic segmentation"], ["Panoptic segmentation", "Semantic segmentation"], ["3D part segmentation", "Semantic segmentation"], ["Semi-supervised semantic segmentation", "Semantic segmentation"], ["Unsupervised semantic segmentation", "Semantic segmentation"], ["One-shot segmentation", "Semantic segmentation"], ["Few-shot semantic segmentation", "Few-shot learning"], ["Few-shot semantic segmentation", "Semantic segmentation"], ["4D spatio temporal semantic segmentation", "Semantic segmentation"], ["LIDAR semantic segmentation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["LIDAR semantic segmentation", "Semantic segmentation"], ["Object localization", "Vision process"], ["Weakly-supervised object localization", "Object localization"], ["Image-based localization", "Object localization"], ["Multi-object colocalization", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Multi-object colocalization", "Object localization"], ["Emotion recognition", "Vision process"], ["Emotion recognition", "Miscellaneous process"], ["Emotion recognition", "Speech process"], ["Emotion recognition", "Pragmatics analysis"], ["Multimodal emotion recognition", "Emotion recognition"], ["Emotion recognition in conversation", "Emotion recognition"], ["Speech emotion recognition", "Speech recognition"], ["Speech emotion recognition", "Emotion recognition"], ["Emotion recognition in context", "Emotion recognition"], ["Emotion-cause pair extraction", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Emotion-cause pair extraction", "Emotion recognition"], ["Emotion cause extraction", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Emotion cause extraction", "Emotion recognition"], ["Recognizing emotion cause in conversations", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Recognizing emotion cause in conversations", "Emotion recognition"], ["Causal emotion entailment", "Emotion recognition"], ["Visual localization", "Vision process"], ["Hand-related vision process", "Vision process"], ["Hand-gesture recognition", "Hand-related vision process"], ["Hand-gesture recognition", "Gesture recognition"], ["Gesture-to-gesture translation", "Hand-related vision process"], ["Gesture recognition", "Vision process"], ["Gesture recognition", "Time series process"], ["Object classification", "Vision process"], ["Scene classification", "Vision process"], ["Horizon line estimation", "Vision process"], ["Camera localization", "Vision process"], ["Remote sensing", "Vision process"], ["Remote sensing", "Miscellaneous process"], ["Change detection for remote sensing images", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Change detection for remote sensing images", "Remote sensing"], ["Building change detection for remote sensing images", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Building change detection for remote sensing images", "Remote sensing"], ["Shadow detection", "Vision process"], ["Scene text detection", "Vision process"], ["Curved text detection", "Scene text detection"], ["Multi-oriented scene text detection", "Scene text detection"], ["Continuous control", "Vision process"], ["Continuous control", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Continuous control", "Playing games"], ["Steering control", "Continuous control"], ["Point cloud registration", "Vision process"], ["Image registration", "Vision process"], ["Video captioning", "Vision process"], ["Dense video captioning", "Video captioning"], ["Robot navigation", "Vision process"], ["Robot navigation", "Robotics process"], ["Pointgoal navigation", "Robot navigation"], ["Point cloud generation", "Vision process"], ["Point cloud completion", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Point cloud completion", "Point cloud generation"], ["Human-object interaction detection", "Vision process"], ["Personality trait recognition", "Vision process"], ["Image restoration", "Vision process"], ["JPEG artifact correction", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["JPEG artifact correction", "Image restoration"], ["Image reconstruction", "Vision process"], ["MRI reconstruction", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["MRI reconstruction", "Image reconstruction"], ["Image/document clustering", "Vision process"], ["Image/document clustering", "Miscellaneous process"], ["Image clustering", "Vision process"], ["Multi-view subspace clustering", "Image clustering"], ["Visual place recognition", "Vision process"], ["Image stitching", "Vision process"], ["Denoising", "Vision process"], ["Image denoising", "Denoising"], ["Salt-and-pepper noise removal", "Image denoising"], ["Intensity image denoising", "Image denoising"], ["Color image denoising", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Color image denoising", "Image denoising"], ["Grayscale image denoising", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Grayscale image denoising", "Image denoising"], ["Image compression", "Vision process"], ["Optical flow estimation", "Vision process"], ["Object counting", "Vision process"], ["Object reconstruction", "Vision process"], ["3D object reconstruction", "Object reconstruction"], ["3D object reconstruction from a single image", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["3D object reconstruction from a single image", "3D object reconstruction"], ["Gait recognition", "Vision process"], ["Multiview gait recognition", "Gait recognition"], ["Motion segmentation", "Vision process"], ["Hyperspectral", "Vision process"], ["Classification of hyperspectral images", "Hyperspectral"], ["Saliency prediction", "Vision process"], ["Few-shot transfer learning for saliency prediction", "Saliency prediction"], ["Gaze estimation", "Vision process"], ["Disparity estimation", "Vision process"], ["Human part segmentation", "Vision process"], ["Image retrieval", "Vision process"], ["Image retrieval with multi-modal query", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Image retrieval with multi-modal query", "Image retrieval"], ["Cross-modal retrieval", "Image retrieval with multi-modal query"], ["Content-based image retrieval", "Image retrieval"], ["Drone navigation", "Content-based image retrieval"], ["Drone-view target localization", "Content-based image retrieval"], ["Sketch-based image retrieval", "Image retrieval"], ["Text-image retrieval", "Image retrieval"], ["Multi-view learning", "Vision process"], ["Incomplete multi-view clustering", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Incomplete multi-view clustering", "Multi-view learning"], ["Object detection", "Vision process"], ["2D object detection", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["2D object detection", "Object detection"], ["3D object detection", "Object detection"], ["Monocular 3D object detection", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Monocular 3D object detection", "3D object detection"], ["Salient object detection", "Object detection"], ["RGB salient object detection", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["RGB salient object detection", "Object detection"], ["Real-time object detection", "Object detection"], ["Weakly supervised object detection", "Object detection"], ["Video object detection", "Object detection"], ["Object proposal generation", "Object detection"], ["Object detection in aerial images", "Object detection"], ["Few-shot object detection", "Object detection"], ["One-shot object detection", "Object detection"], ["Robust object detection", "Object detection"], ["Small object detection", "Object detection"], ["Rice grain disease detection", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Rice grain disease detection", "Small object detection"], ["Medical object detection", "Biomedical AI process"], ["Medical object detection", "Object detection"], ["Dense object detection", "Object detection"], ["Zero-shot object detection", "Object detection"], ["Head detection", "Object detection"], ["Object skeleton detection", "Object detection"], ["RGB-D salient object detection", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["RGB-D salient object detection", "Object detection"], ["Camouflaged object segmentation", "Object detection"], ["Camouflaged object segmentation", "Object segmentation"], ["Semantic part detection", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Semantic part detection", "Object detection"], ["Open world object detection", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Open world object detection", "Object detection"], ["Out-of-distribution detection", "Vision process"], ["Image matching", "Vision process"], ["Semantic correspondence", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Semantic correspondence", "Image matching"], ["Patch matching", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Patch matching", "Image matching"], ["Multimodal patch matching", "Patch matching"], ["Spoof detection", "Vision process"], ["Face presentation attack detection", "Spoof detection"], ["Image recognition", "Vision process"], ["License plate recognition", "Image recognition"], ["Video semantic segmentation", "Vision process"], ["Camera shot segmentation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Camera shot segmentation", "Video semantic segmentation"], ["Intelligent surveillance", "Vision process"], ["Vehicle re-identification", "Intelligent surveillance"], ["Video inpainting", "Vision process"], ["Defocus estimation", "Vision process"], ["Point cloud super resolution", "Vision process"], ["Face anonymization", "Vision process"], ["Depth completion", "Vision process"], ["Interest point detection", "Vision process"], ["Homography estimation", "Interest point detection"], ["Deepfake detection", "Vision process"], ["Weakly-supervised instance segmentation", "Vision process"], ["Scene-aware dialogue", "Vision process"], ["Vehicle key-point and orientation estimation", "Vision process"], ["Instance segmentation", "Vision process"], ["3D instance segmentation", "Instance segmentation"], ["Real-time instance segmentation", "Instance segmentation"], ["3D semantic instance segmentation", "Instance segmentation"], ["Human instance segmentation", "Instance segmentation"], ["One-shot instance segmentation", "Instance segmentation"], ["Referring expression segmentation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Referring expression segmentation", "Instance segmentation"], ["Unseen object instance segmentation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Unseen object instance segmentation", "Instance segmentation"], ["Event-based vision", "Vision process"], ["Document layout analysis", "Vision process"], ["Ms-ssim", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Ms-ssim", "Document layout analysis"], ["Pose tracking", "Vision process"], ["3D human pose tracking", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["3D human pose tracking", "Pose tracking"], ["Safety perception recognition", "Vision process"], ["Scene flow estimation", "Vision process"], ["Line segment detection", "Vision process"], ["Metric learning", "Vision process"], ["Metric learning", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Surface normals estimation", "Vision process"], ["Quantization", "Vision process"], ["Quantization", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Dense pixel correspondence estimation", "Vision process"], ["Image matting", "Vision process"], ["Semantic image matting", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Semantic image matting", "Image matting"], ["Interactive segmentation", "Vision process"], ["Image cropping", "Vision process"], ["Sign language translation", "Vision process"], ["Birds eye view object detection", "Vision process"], ["Person retrieval", "Vision process"], ["Spatial relation recognition", "Vision process"], ["Object recognition", "Vision process"], ["3D object recognition", "Object recognition"], ["Depiction invariant object recognition", "Object recognition"], ["Vision-language navigation", "Vision process"], ["Human parsing", "Vision process"], ["Multi-human parsing", "Human parsing"], ["Multi-person pose estimation and tracking", "Vision process"], ["Novel view synthesis", "Vision process"], ["Sign language recognition", "Vision process"], ["Compressive sensing", "Vision process"], ["Event data classification", "Vision process"], ["Virtual try-on", "Vision process"], ["Rotated mnist", "Vision process"], ["Self-supervised learning", "Vision process"], ["Object segmentation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Object segmentation", "Vision process"], ["Unsupervised object segmentation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Unsupervised object segmentation", "Object segmentation"], ["Traffic sign detection", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Traffic sign detection", "Vision process"], ["Symmetry detection", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Symmetry detection", "Vision process"], ["Blink estimation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Blink estimation", "Vision process"], ["Historical color image dating", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Historical color image dating", "Vision process"], ["Scanpath prediction", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Scanpath prediction", "Vision process"], ["Action quality assessment", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Action quality assessment", "Vision process"], ["Action anticipation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Action anticipation", "Vision process"], ["Point cloud classification", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Point cloud classification", "Vision process"], ["3D point cloud classification", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["3D point cloud classification", "Point cloud classification"], ["Pose retrieval", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Pose retrieval", "Vision process"], ["Text based person retrieval", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Text based person retrieval", "Vision process"], ["Single-object discovery", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Single-object discovery", "Vision process"], ["Multi-object discovery", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Multi-object discovery", "Vision process"], ["Traffic accident detection", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Traffic accident detection", "Vision process"], ["Accident anticipation", "Traffic accident detection"], ["Severity prediction", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Severity prediction", "Vision process"], ["Intubation support prediction", "Severity prediction"], ["Handwriting verification", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Handwriting verification", "Vision process"], ["Fashion understanding", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Fashion understanding", "Vision process"], ["Scene change detection", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Scene change detection", "Vision process"], ["Table recognition", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Table recognition", "Vision process"], ["Video instance segmentation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Video instance segmentation", "Vision process"], ["Single-image portrait relighting", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Single-image portrait relighting", "Vision process"], ["Lip reading", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Lip reading", "Vision process"], ["Lip password classification", "Lip reading"], ["Semi-supervised object detection", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Semi-supervised object detection", "Vision process"], ["Partially view-aligned multi-view learning", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Partially view-aligned multi-view learning", "Vision process"], ["Action understanding", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Action understanding", "Vision process"], ["Skills assessment", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Skills assessment", "Vision process"], ["Video segmentation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Video segmentation", "Vision process"], ["Camera shot boundary detection", "Video segmentation"], ["Meter reading", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Meter reading", "Vision process"], ["Blind face restoration", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Blind face restoration", "Vision process"], ["IFC entity classification", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["IFC entity classification", "Vision process"], ["Natural language processing", "AI process"], ["Dialog process", "Natural language processing"], ["Dialog generation", "Dialog process"], ["Dialog generation", "Text generation"], ["Dialog generation", "Chatbot"], ["Dialog state tracking", "Dialog process"], ["Dialog state tracking", "Semantic analysis"], ["Task-oriented dialog systems", "Dialog process"], ["Task-oriented dialog systems", "Natural language generation"], ["Goal-oriented dialog", "Dialog process"], ["Goal-oriented dialog", "Natural language generation"], ["Dialog understanding", "Dialog process"], ["Dialog understanding", "Natural language understanding"], ["Spoken language understanding", "Dialog understanding"], ["Spoken language identification", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Spoken language identification", "Spoken language understanding"], ["Open-domain dialog", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Open-domain dialog", "Dialog understanding"], ["Dialog act classification", "Dialog process"], ["Dialog act classification", "Semantic analysis"], ["End-to-end dialogue modelling", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["End-to-end dialogue modelling", "Dialog process"], ["Conversation disentanglement", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Conversation disentanglement", "Dialog process"], ["Interactive evaluation of dialog", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Interactive evaluation of dialog", "Dialog process"], ["Natural language generation", "Natural language processing"], ["Machine translation", "Natural language generation"], ["Word alignment", "Machine translation"], ["Unsupervised machine translation", "Machine translation"], ["Text generation", "Natural language generation"], ["Data-to-text generation", "Text generation"], ["Visual storytelling", "Data-to-text generation"], ["Text style transfer", "Text generation"], ["Paraphrase generation", "Text generation"], ["Table-to-text generation", "Text generation"], ["KB-to-language generation", "Table-to-text generation"], ["Paper generation", "Text generation"], ["Concept-to-text generation", "Text generation"], ["Multi-document summarization", "Text generation"], ["Multi-document summarization", "Text summarization"], ["Distractor generation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Distractor generation", "Text generation"], ["Fact-based text editing", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Fact-based text editing", "Text generation"], ["Chatbot", "Natural language generation"], ["Text-to-speech synthesis", "Speech process"], ["Text-to-speech synthesis", "Natural language generation"], ["Prosody prediction", "Text-to-speech synthesis"], ["Question answering", "Natural language generation"], ["Open-domain question answering", "Question answering"], ["Answer selection", "Question answering"], ["Community question answering", "Question answering"], ["Knowledge base question answering", "Question answering"], ["Mathematical question answering", "Question answering"], ["Mathematical question answering", "Reasoning"], ["Math word problem solving", "Mathematical question answering"], ["Math word problem solving", "Reasoning (defined by data)"], ["Question quality assessment", "Question answering"], ["Question quality assessment", "Semantic analysis"], ["Memex question answering", "Question answering"], ["Abstractive question answering", "Question answering"], ["Extractive question answering", "Question answering"], ["Generative question answering", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Generative question answering", "Question answering"], ["Cross-lingual question answering", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Cross-lingual question answering", "Question answering"], ["Logical reasoning question answering", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Logical reasoning question answering", "Question answering"], ["Multilingual machine comprehension in English Hindi", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Multilingual machine comprehension in English Hindi", "Question answering"], ["Graph question answering", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Graph question answering", "Graph process"], ["Graph question answering", "Question answering"], ["Conversational search", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Conversational search", "Question answering"], ["Language modelling", "Natural language generation"], ["Sentence pair modeling", "Language modelling"], ["Sentence pair modeling", "Semantic analysis"], ["Semantic similarity estimation", "Sentence pair modeling"], ["Cross-document language modeling", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Cross-document language modeling", "Language modelling"], ["Text simplification", "Natural language generation"], ["Text summarization", "Natural language generation"], ["Reasoning", "Text summarization"], ["Reasoning", "AI process"], ["Reasoning", "Reasoning"], ["Reasoning (defined by goal)", "Reasoning"], ["Decision making", "Reasoning (defined by goal)"], ["Causal identification", "Reasoning (defined by goal)"], ["Reasoning (defined by data)", "Reasoning"], ["Common sense reasoning", "Reasoning (defined by data)"], ["Decision making under uncertainty", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Decision making under uncertainty", "Reasoning (defined by data)"], ["Natural language visual grounding", "Reasoning"], ["Program synthesis", "Computer code process"], ["Program synthesis", "Reasoning"], ["Type prediction", "Program synthesis"], ["Value prediction", "Program synthesis"], ["Program repair", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Program repair", "Program synthesis"], ["Fault localization", "Program repair"], ["Variable misuse", "Program repair"], ["Function-docstring mismatch", "Program repair"], ["Wrong binary operator", "Program repair"], ["Swapped operands", "Program repair"], ["Exception type", "Program repair"], ["Abstract argumentation", "Reasoning"], ["Abstract argumentation", "Inference and reasoning"], ["Reasoning (defined by method)", "Reasoning"], ["Inductive reasoning", "Reasoning (defined by method)"], ["Deductive reasoning", "Reasoning (defined by method)"], ["Bayesian inference", "Reasoning (defined by method)"], ["Analogical reasoning", "Reasoning (defined by method)"], ["Abductive reasoning", "Reasoning (defined by method)"], ["Complex reasoning", "Reasoning (defined by method)"], ["Reasoning (defined by exactness)", "Reasoning"], ["Approximate reasoning", "Reasoning (defined by exactness)"], ["Exact reasoning", "Reasoning (defined by exactness)"], ["Systematic generalization", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Systematic generalization", "Reasoning"], ["Commonsense reasoning for RL", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Commonsense reasoning for RL", "Reasoning"], ["Commonsense reasoning for RL", "Inference and reasoning"], ["Sentence summarization", "Text summarization"], ["Sentence compression", "Sentence embedding"], ["Sentence compression", "Sentence summarization"], ["Unsupervised sentence compression", "Sentence compression"], ["Abstractive sentence summarization", "Sentence summarization"], ["Unsupervised sentence summarization", "Sentence summarization"], ["Cross-language text summarization", "Cross-lingual natural language processing"], ["Cross-language text summarization", "Text summarization"], ["Abstractive text summarization", "Text summarization"], ["Timeline summarization", "Abstractive text summarization"], ["Reader-aware summarization", "Abstractive text summarization"], ["Reader-aware summarization", "Extractive document summarization"], ["Reader-aware summarization", "Extractive text summarization"], ["Multimodal abstractive text summarization", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Multimodal abstractive text summarization", "Abstractive text summarization"], ["Extractive document summarization", "Text summarization"], ["Extractive text summarization", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Extractive text summarization", "Text summarization"], ["Document summarization", "Text summarization"], ["Query-based extractive summarization", "Text summarization"], ["Meeting summarization", "Text summarization"], ["Scientific document summarization", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Scientific document summarization", "Text summarization"], ["Question generation", "Natural language generation"], ["Graph-to-sequence", "Natural language generation"], ["KG-to-text generation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["KG-to-text generation", "Graph-to-sequence"], ["Unsupervised KG-to-text", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Unsupervised KG-to-text", "KG-to-text generation"], ["Dialogue rewriting", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Dialogue rewriting", "Natural language generation"], ["Speech-to-text translation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Speech-to-text translation", "Speech recognition"], ["Speech-to-text translation", "Natural language generation"], ["Multimodal text prediction", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Multimodal text prediction", "Natural language generation"], ["Natural language understanding", "Natural language processing"], ["Inference and reasoning", "Natural language understanding"], ["Reading comprehension", "Inference and reasoning"], ["Machine reading comprehension", "Reading comprehension"], ["Relational reasoning", "Inference and reasoning"], ["Natural language inference", "Inference and reasoning"], ["Truth inference", "Natural language inference"], ["Crowdsourced text aggregation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Crowdsourced text aggregation", "Truth inference"], ["Cross-lingual natural language inference", "Natural language inference"], ["Cross-lingual natural language inference", "Cross-lingual natural language processing"], ["Table-based fact verification", "Inference and reasoning"], ["Discourse parsing", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Discourse parsing", "Natural language understanding"], ["Taxonomy learning", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Taxonomy learning", "Natural language processing"], ["Hypernym discovery", "Semantic analysis"], ["Hypernym discovery", "Taxonomy learning"], ["Natural language analysis", "Natural language processing"], ["Syntactic analysis", "Natural language analysis"], ["Part-of-speech tagging", "Syntactic analysis"], ["Grammar checking", "Syntactic analysis"], ["Grammatical error correction", "Grammar checking"], ["Grammatical error detection", "Grammatical error correction"], ["Linguistic acceptability assessment", "Grammar checking"], ["Chinese spell checking", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Chinese spell checking", "Grammar checking"], ["Dependency parsing", "Syntactic analysis"], ["Dependency grammar induction", "Dependency parsing"], ["Cross-lingual zero-shot dependency parsing", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Cross-lingual zero-shot dependency parsing", "Dependency parsing"], ["Unsupervised dependency parsing", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Unsupervised dependency parsing", "Dependency parsing"], ["Chunking", "Syntactic analysis"], ["Constituency parsing", "Syntactic analysis"], ["Constituency grammar induction", "Constituency parsing"], ["Anaphora resolution", "Syntactic analysis"], ["Abstract anaphora resolution", "Anaphora resolution"], ["Query wellformedness", "Syntactic analysis"], ["Tokenization", "Syntactic analysis"], ["Combinatory categorical grammar (CCG) supertagging", "Syntactic analysis"], ["Arabic text diacritization", "Syntactic analysis"], ["Semantic analysis", "Natural language analysis"], ["Data mining", "Semantic analysis"], ["Argument mining", "Data mining"], ["Component classification", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Component classification", "Argument mining"], ["Word sense disambiguation", "Semantic analysis"], ["Word sense induction", "Word sense disambiguation"], ["Semantic role labeling", "Semantic analysis"], ["Predicate detection", "Semantic role labeling"], ["Semantic role labeling (predicted predicates)", "Semantic role labeling"], ["Semantic textual similarity", "Semantic analysis"], ["Paraphrase identification", "Semantic textual similarity"], ["Paraphrase identification", "Pragmatics analysis"], ["Question similarity", "Semantic textual similarity"], ["Semantic parsing", "Semantic analysis"], ["Semantic dependency parsing", "Semantic parsing"], ["AMR parsing", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["AMR parsing", "Semantic parsing"], ["UCCA parsing", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["UCCA parsing", "Semantic parsing"], ["DRS parsing", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["DRS parsing", "Semantic parsing"], ["Unsupervised semantic parsing", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Unsupervised semantic parsing", "Semantic parsing"], ["Entity alignment", "Knowledge base process"], ["Entity alignment", "Semantic analysis"], ["Entity linking", "Semantic analysis"], ["Text clustering", "Semantic analysis"], ["Short text clustering", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Short text clustering", "Text clustering"], ["Text classification", "Semantic analysis"], ["Multi-label text classification", "Multi-label classification"], ["Multi-label text classification", "Text classification"], ["Multi-label classification of biomedical texts", "Biomedical natural language processing"], ["Multi-label classification of biomedical texts", "Multi-label text classification"], ["Document classification", "Text classification"], ["Sentence classification", "Text classification"], ["Emotion classification", "Text classification"], ["Citation intent classification", "Text classification"], ["Topic modeling", "Miscellaneous process"], ["Topic modeling", "Text classification"], ["Semi-supervised text classification", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Semi-supervised text classification", "Text classification"], ["Coherence evaluation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Coherence evaluation", "Text classification"], ["Document text classification", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Document text classification", "Text classification"], ["Clinical assertion status detection", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Clinical assertion status detection", "Biomedical natural language processing"], ["Clinical assertion status detection", "Text classification"], ["Domain labelling", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Domain labelling", "Text classification"], ["Weakly supervised classification", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Weakly supervised classification", "Text classification"], ["Poem meters classification", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Poem meters classification", "Text classification"], ["Cross-lingual document classification", "Cross-lingual natural language processing"], ["Cross-lingual document classification", "Semantic analysis"], ["Cross-lingual bitext mining", "Cross-lingual natural language processing"], ["Cross-lingual bitext mining", "Semantic analysis"], ["Entity typing", "Semantic analysis"], ["Entity disambiguation", "Semantic analysis"], ["Phrase tagging", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Phrase tagging", "Semantic analysis"], ["Information extraction", "Natural language analysis"], ["Open information extraction", "Information extraction"], ["Event extraction", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Event extraction", "Open information extraction"], ["Entity extraction", "Information extraction"], ["Temporal information extraction", "Information extraction"], ["Temporal information extraction", "Temporal processing"], ["Low resource named entity recognition", "Information extraction"], ["Language identification", "Information extraction"], ["Native language identification", "Language identification"], ["Named entity recognition", "Information extraction"], ["Nested named entity recognition", "Named entity recognition"], ["Chinese named entity recognition", "Named entity recognition"], ["Medical named entity recognition", "Named entity recognition"], ["Cross-domain named entity recognition", "Named entity recognition"], ["Named entity recognition in Vietnamese", "Named entity recognition"], ["Scientific concept extraction", "Named entity recognition"], ["Few-shot NER", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Few-shot NER", "Named entity recognition"], ["Nested mention recognition", "Information extraction"], ["Keyword extraction", "Information extraction"], ["Scientific results extraction", "Information extraction"], ["Scientific results extraction", "Information retrieval"], ["Drug\u2013drug interaction extraction", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Drug\u2013drug interaction extraction", "Information extraction"], ["Clinical concept extraction", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Clinical concept extraction", "Biomedical natural language processing"], ["Clinical concept extraction", "Information extraction"], ["Timex normalization", "Information extraction"], ["Timex normalization", "Temporal processing"], ["Keyphrase extraction", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Keyphrase extraction", "Information extraction"], ["Pragmatics analysis", "Natural language analysis"], ["Abuse detection", "Pragmatics analysis"], ["Hate speech detection", "Abuse detection"], ["Hate speech detection", "Hate speech detection"], ["Hope speech detection", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Hope speech detection", "Hate speech detection"], ["Hope speech detection for English", "Hope speech detection"], ["Hope speech detection for Tamil", "Hope speech detection"], ["Hope speech detection for Malayalam", "Hope speech detection"], ["Negation detection", "Pragmatics analysis"], ["Negation scope resolution", "Negation detection"], ["Stance detection", "Pragmatics analysis"], ["Stance detection (US election 2020 - Biden)", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Stance detection (US election 2020 - Biden)", "Stance detection"], ["Stance detection (US election 2020 - Trump)", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Stance detection (US election 2020 - Trump)", "Stance detection"], ["Intent classification", "Pragmatics analysis"], ["Sentiment analysis", "Pragmatics analysis"], ["Aspect-based sentiment analysis", "Sentiment analysis"], ["Aspect extraction", "Aspect-based sentiment analysis"], ["Extract aspect-polarity tuple", "Aspect-based sentiment analysis"], ["Extract aspect", "Aspect-based sentiment analysis"], ["Aspect-oriented  opinion extraction", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Aspect-oriented  opinion extraction", "Aspect-based sentiment analysis"], ["Multimodal sentiment analysis", "Sentiment analysis"], ["Twitter sentiment analysis", "Sentiment analysis"], ["Tweet-reply sentiment analysis", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Tweet-reply sentiment analysis", "Twitter sentiment analysis"], ["Fine-grained opinion analysis", "Sentiment analysis"], ["Aspect sentiment triplet extraction", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Aspect sentiment triplet extraction", "Sentiment analysis"], ["Aspect term extraction and sentiment classification", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Aspect term extraction and sentiment classification", "Sentiment analysis"], ["Slot filling", "Pragmatics analysis"], ["Extracting Covid-19 events from twitter", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Extracting Covid-19 events from twitter", "Slot filling"], ["Intent detection", "Pragmatics analysis"], ["Fake news detection", "Pragmatics analysis"], ["Sarcasm detection", "Pragmatics analysis"], ["Hate speech detection", "Pragmatics analysis"], ["Subjectivity analysis", "Pragmatics analysis"], ["Coreference resolution", "Pragmatics analysis"], ["Event detection", "Pragmatics analysis"], ["Twitter event detection", "Event detection"], ["Counter-speech detection", "Pragmatics analysis"], ["Language acquisition", "Pragmatics analysis"], ["Humor detection", "Pragmatics analysis"], ["Speculation detection", "Pragmatics analysis"], ["Speculation scope resolution", "Speculation detection"], ["Bias detection", "Pragmatics analysis"], ["Fact verification", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Fact verification", "Pragmatics analysis"], ["Temporal processing", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Temporal processing", "Natural language analysis"], ["Document dating", "Temporal processing"], ["Morphological analysis", "Natural language analysis"], ["Lexical normalization", "Morphological analysis"], ["Thai word segmentation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Thai word segmentation", "Morphological analysis"], ["Information retrieval", "Natural language analysis"], ["Ad-hoc information retrieval", "Information retrieval"], ["Document ranking", "Ad-hoc information retrieval"], ["Passage re-ranking", "Information retrieval"], ["Conversational response selection", "Information retrieval"], ["Plagiarism detection", "Information retrieval"], ["Table search", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Table search", "Information retrieval"], ["Semantic retrieval", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Semantic retrieval", "Information retrieval"], ["Phrase ranking", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Phrase ranking", "Information retrieval"], ["Code generation", "Natural language processing"], ["Code generation", "Computer code process"], ["Code documentation generation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Code documentation generation", "Code generation"], ["Sentence embedding", "Natural language processing"], ["Sentence embedding", "Representation learning"], ["Sentence embeddings for biomedical texts", "Biomedical AI process"], ["Sentence embeddings for biomedical texts", "Sentence embedding"], ["Biomedical natural language processing", "Biomedical AI process"], ["Biomedical natural language processing", "Natural language processing"], ["Chinese language processing", "Natural language processing"], ["Chinese word segmentation", "Chinese language processing"], ["Cross-lingual natural language processing", "Natural language processing"], ["Cross-lingual transfer", "Cross-lingual natural language processing"], ["Zero-shot cross-lingual transfer", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Zero-shot cross-lingual transfer", "Cross-lingual transfer"], ["Cross-lingual NER", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Cross-lingual NER", "Cross-lingual transfer"], ["Source code summarization", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Source code summarization", "Natural language processing"], ["Source code summarization", "Computer code process"], ["Method name prediction", "Source code summarization"], ["Multimodal deep learning", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Multimodal deep learning", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Multimodal deep learning", "Natural language processing"], ["Multimodal text and image classification", "Multimodal deep learning"], ["Benchmarking", "AI process"], ["Miscellaneous process", "AI process"], ["Anomaly detection", "Miscellaneous process"], ["Unsupervised anomaly detection", "Anomaly detection"], ["Malware classification", "Miscellaneous process"], ["Malware detection", "Malware classification"], ["Fraud detection", "Miscellaneous process"], ["Intrusion detection", "Miscellaneous process"], ["Network intrusion detection", "Intrusion detection"], ["Robotic grasping", "Miscellaneous process"], ["Robotic grasping", "Robotics process"], ["Grasp contact prediction", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Grasp contact prediction", "Robotic grasping"], ["Recipe generation", "Miscellaneous process"], ["Model compression", "Miscellaneous process"], ["Model compression", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Neural network compression", "Model compression"], ["Automated theorem proving", "Miscellaneous process"], ["Recommendation systems", "Miscellaneous process"], ["Session-based recommendations", "Recommendation systems"], ["Table detection", "Miscellaneous process"], ["Non-linear elasticity", "Miscellaneous process"], ["Stress-strain relation", "Non-linear elasticity"], ["Click-through rate prediction", "Miscellaneous process"], ["Twitter bot detection", "Miscellaneous process"], ["Vulnerability detection", "Miscellaneous process"], ["Website fingerprinting defense", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Website fingerprinting defense", "Vulnerability detection"], ["Website fingerprinting attacks", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Website fingerprinting attacks", "Vulnerability detection"], ["Synthetic data generation", "Miscellaneous process"], ["Two-sample testing", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Two-sample testing", "Miscellaneous process"], ["Two-sample testing", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Deep clustering", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Deep clustering", "Miscellaneous process"], ["Offline RL", "Miscellaneous process"], ["Offline RL", "General reinforcement learning"], ["Dqn replay dataset", "Offline RL"], ["Multi-target regression", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Multi-target regression", "Miscellaneous process"], ["Misinformation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Misinformation", "Miscellaneous process"], ["Next-basket recommendation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Next-basket recommendation", "Miscellaneous process"], ["Making hiring decisions", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Making hiring decisions", "Miscellaneous process"], ["Social media popularity prediction", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Social media popularity prediction", "Miscellaneous process"], ["Fundamental AI process", "AI process"], ["Structured prediction", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Stochastic optimization", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Zero-shot learning", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Compositional zero-shot learning", "Zero-shot learning"], ["Generalized zero-shot learning", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Generalized zero-shot learning", "Zero-shot learning"], ["Multi-label zero-shot learning", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Multi-label zero-shot learning", "Zero-shot learning"], ["Few-shot learning", "Fundamental AI process"], ["One-shot learning", "Few-shot learning"], ["Cross-domain few-shot", "Few-shot learning"], ["Feature selection", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Feature selection", "Computer code process"], ["Multivariate time series forecasting", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Multivariate time series forecasting", "Time series forecasting"], ["Representation learning", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Graph embedding", "Graph process"], ["Graph embedding", "Representation learning"], ["Knowledge graph embedding", "Knowledge base process"], ["Knowledge graph embedding", "Graph embedding"], ["Knowledge graph embedding", "Graph representation learning"], ["Knowledge graph embedding", "Contrastive learning"], ["Graph representation learning", "Graph process"], ["Graph representation learning", "Representation learning"], ["Unsupervised representation learning", "Representation learning"], ["Unsupervised mnist", "Unsupervised representation learning"], ["Contrastive learning", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Contrastive learning", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Outlier detection", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Transfer learning", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Multi-task learning", "Transfer learning"], ["AutoML", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Neural architecture search", "AutoML"], ["Hyperparameter optimization", "AutoML"], ["Multi-label classification", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Causal inference", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Feature importance explanation", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Multi-agent reinforcement learning", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Multi-agent reinforcement learning", "Playing games"], ["Meta-learning", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Network pruning", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Point processes", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Density estimation", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Clustering", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Feature engineering", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Multi-armed bandits", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Sparse learning", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Latent variable models", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Continual learning", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Reinforcement learning", "Fundamental AI process"], ["General reinforcement learning", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["General reinforcement learning", "Robotics process"], ["General reinforcement learning", "Playing games"], ["General reinforcement learning", "Reinforcement learning"], ["Curriculum learning", "General reinforcement learning"], ["Model-based reinforcement learning", "General reinforcement learning"], ["Temporal logic", "General reinforcement learning"], ["Generalized few-shot learning", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Generalized few-shot learning", "Fundamental AI process"], ["General classification", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["General classification", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Core set discovery", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Core set discovery", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Incremental learning", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Incremental learning", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Inductive logic programming", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Inductive logic programming", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Universal domain adaptation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Universal domain adaptation", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Unsupervised pre-training", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Unsupervised pre-training", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Federated learning", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Federated learning", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Personalized federated learning", "Federated learning"], ["Multi-target domain adaptation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Multi-target domain adaptation", "Fundamental AI process"], ["Time series process", "AI process"], ["Stock market prediction", "Time series process"], ["Stock price prediction", "Stock market prediction"], ["Stock trend prediction", "Stock market prediction"], ["Electroencephalogram (EEG) process", "Biomedical AI process"], ["Electroencephalogram (EEG) process", "Time series process"], ["Attention score prediction", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Attention score prediction", "Electroencephalogram (EEG) process"], ["Noise level prediction", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Noise level prediction", "Electroencephalogram (EEG) process"], ["Semanticity prediction", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Semanticity prediction", "Electroencephalogram (EEG) process"], ["Lwr classification", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Lwr classification", "Electroencephalogram (EEG) process"], ["Time series classification", "Time series process"], ["Time series prediction", "Time series process"], ["Time series forecasting", "Time series process"], ["Univariate time series forecasting", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Univariate time series forecasting", "Time series forecasting"], ["Probabilistic time series forecasting", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Probabilistic time series forecasting", "Time series forecasting"], ["Covid-19 tracking", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Covid-19 tracking", "Time series forecasting"], ["Covid-19 modelling", "Covid-19 tracking"], ["Covid-19 modelling", "Time series regression"], ["Traffic prediction", "Time series process"], ["Change point detection", "Time series process"], ["Time series clustering", "Time series process"], ["Time series regression", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Time series regression", "Time series process"], ["Edge-computing", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Edge-computing", "Time series process"], ["Trajectory modeling", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Trajectory modeling", "Time series process"], ["Biomedical AI process", "AI process"], ["Disease prediction", "Biomedical AI process"], ["Diabetes prediction", "Disease prediction"], ["Diabetes prediction", "Biomedical AI process (by disease)"], ["Disease trajectory forecasting", "Disease prediction"], ["Disease trajectory forecasting", "Biomedical AI process (by disease)"], ["Epilepsy prediction", "Disease prediction"], ["Epilepsy prediction", "Biomedical AI process (by disease)"], ["Biomedical AI process (by disease)", "Biomedical AI process"], ["Cancer task", "Biomedical AI process (by disease)"], ["Breast cancer histology image classification", "Cancer task"], ["Breast cancer detection", "Breast cancer histology image classification"], ["Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis detection", "Biomedical AI process (by disease)"], ["Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis detection", "Electromyography (EMG)"], ["Seizure detection", "Biomedical AI process"], ["Seizure detection", "Biomedical AI process (by disease)"], ["Atrial fibrillation", "Biomedical AI process (by disease)"], ["Atrial fibrillation detection", "Atrial fibrillation"], ["Arrhythmia detection", "Biomedical AI process (by disease)"], ["Arrhythmia detection", "Electrocardiography (ECG) process"], ["Myocardial infarction detection", "Biomedical AI process (by disease)"], ["Myocardial infarction detection", "Electrocardiography (ECG) process"], ["Congestive heart failure detection", "Biomedical AI process (by disease)"], ["Congestive heart failure detection", "Electrocardiography (ECG) process"], ["Seizure prediction", "Biomedical AI process"], ["Seizure prediction", "Biomedical AI process (by disease)"], ["Pneumonia detection", "Biomedical AI process (by disease)"], ["Covid-19 diagnosis", "Biomedical AI process (by disease)"], ["Electronic health record (EHR) classification", "Biomedical AI process"], ["Length-of-stay prediction", "Biomedical AI process"], ["Sleep analysis", "Biomedical AI process"], ["Sleep stage detection", "Sleep analysis"], ["Multimodal sleep stage detection", "Sleep stage detection"], ["Spindle detection", "Sleep analysis"], ["Sleep spindles detection", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Sleep spindles detection", "Spindle detection"], ["Sleep arousal detection", "Sleep analysis"], ["K-complex detection", "Sleep analysis"], ["Sleep apnea detection", "Sleep analysis"], ["Electromyography (EMG)", "Biomedical AI process"], ["Medial knee jrf prediction", "Electromyography (EMG)"], ["Muscle force prediction", "Electromyography (EMG)"], ["EMG signal prediction", "Electromyography (EMG)"], ["Drug discovery", "Biomedical AI process"], ["Patient outcomes task", "Biomedical AI process"], ["Predicting patient outcomes", "Patient outcomes task"], ["Electrocardiography (ECG) process", "Biomedical AI process"], ["ECG risk stratification", "Electrocardiography (ECG) process"], ["Mortality prediction", "Electrocardiography (ECG) process"], ["Heartbeat classification", "Electrocardiography (ECG) process"], ["ECG classification", "Electrocardiography (ECG) process"], ["Photoplethysmography (PPG)", "ECG classification"], ["Heart rate estimation", "Photoplethysmography (PPG)"], ["Blood pressure estimation", "Photoplethysmography (PPG)"], ["ECG denoising", "Electrocardiography (ECG) process"], ["QRS complex detection", "Electrocardiography (ECG) process"], ["Gene interaction prediction", "Biomedical AI process"], ["Gene interaction prediction", "Link prediction"], ["Protein secondary structure prediction", "Biomedical AI process"], ["Pain intensity regression", "Biomedical AI process"], ["Lung nodule detection", "Biomedical AI process"], ["Participant intervention comparison outcome extraction", "Biomedical AI process"], ["Lung nodule classification", "Biomedical AI process"], ["Surgical skills evaluation", "Biomedical AI process"], ["Pulmonary embolism detection", "Biomedical AI process"], ["Molecular property prediction", "Biomedical AI process"], ["Molecular property prediction", "Graph process"], ["NMR J-coupling", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["NMR J-coupling", "Molecular property prediction"], ["Multiple sequence alignment", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Multiple sequence alignment", "Biomedical AI process"], ["Medical procedure", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Medical procedure", "Biomedical AI process"], ["Biomedical information retrieval", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Biomedical information retrieval", "Biomedical AI process"], ["Audio process", "AI process"], ["Audio restoration", "Audio process"], ["Audio denoising", "Audio restoration"], ["Acoustic echo cancellation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Acoustic echo cancellation", "Speech process"], ["Acoustic echo cancellation", "Audio denoising"], ["Speech dereverberation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Speech dereverberation", "Speech enhancement"], ["Speech dereverberation", "Acoustic echo cancellation"], ["Speech denoising", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Speech denoising", "Speech process"], ["Speech denoising", "Audio denoising"], ["Audio generation", "Audio process"], ["Speech synthesis", "Speech process"], ["Speech synthesis", "Audio generation"], ["Speech process", "Audio process"], ["Speech recognition", "Speech process"], ["Distant speech recognition", "Speech recognition"], ["Noisy speech recognition", "Speech recognition"], ["Accented speech recognition", "Speech recognition"], ["Keyword spotting", "Speech process"], ["Speech separation", "Speech process"], ["Speaker identification", "Speech process"], ["Speaker diarization", "Speech process"], ["Speaker verification", "Speech process"], ["Voice conversion", "Speech process"], ["Speech enhancement", "Speech process"], ["Acoustic unit discovery", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Acoustic unit discovery", "Speech process"], ["Pronunciation assessment", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Pronunciation assessment", "Speech process"], ["Phone-level pronunciation scoring", "Pronunciation assessment"], ["Audio classification", "Audio process"], ["Environmental sound classification", "Audio classification"], ["Acoustic scene classification", "Audio classification"], ["Audio tagging", "Audio classification"], ["Sound event detection", "Audio process"], ["Audio signal recognition", "Audio process"], ["Acoustic novelty detection", "Audio signal recognition"], ["Direction of arrival estimation", "Audio process"], ["Audio source separation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Audio source separation", "Audio process"], ["Graph process", "AI process"], ["Link prediction", "Graph process"], ["Link prediction", "Knowledge base process"], ["Dynamic link prediction", "Link prediction"], ["Calibration for link prediction", "Link prediction"], ["Anchor link prediction", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Anchor link prediction", "Link prediction"], ["Knowledge graph process", "Graph process"], ["Knowledge graph process", "Knowledge base process"], ["Knowledge graph completion", "Knowledge graph process"], ["Inductive knowledge graph completion", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Inductive knowledge graph completion", "Knowledge graph completion"], ["Open knowledge graph canonicalization", "Knowledge graph process"], ["Community detection", "Graph process"], ["Graph matching", "Graph process"], ["Graph similarity", "Graph process"], ["Graph clustering", "Graph process"], ["Clustering ensemble", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Clustering ensemble", "Graph clustering"], ["Graph regression", "Graph process"], ["Graph generation", "Graph process"], ["Graph partitioning", "Graph process"], ["Link sign prediction", "Graph process"], ["Graph classification", "Graph process"], ["Node classification", "Graph process"], ["Heterogeneous node classification", "Node classification"], ["Triple classification", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Triple classification", "Graph process"], ["Graph property prediction", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Graph property prediction", "Graph process"], ["Knowledge base process", "AI process"], ["Robotics process", "AI process"], ["Robot task planning", "Robotics process"], ["Visual navigation", "Robotics process"], ["Vision and language navigation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Vision and language navigation", "Robotics process"], ["Art-related process", "AI process"], ["Music process", "Art-related process"], ["Music auto-tagging", "Music process"], ["Music source separation", "Music process"], ["Music genre recognition", "Music process"], ["Music modeling", "Music process"], ["Cover song identification", "Music process"], ["Music transcription", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Music transcription", "Music process"], ["Adversarial process", "AI process"], ["Adversarial attack", "Adversarial process"], ["Adversarial defense", "Adversarial process"], ["Computer code process", "AI process"], ["Code search", "Computer code process"], ["Annotated code search", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Annotated code search", "Code search"], ["Text-to-SQL", "Computer code process"], ["SQL-to-text", "Computer code process"], ["Git commit message generation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Git commit message generation", "Computer code process"], ["API sequence recommendation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["API sequence recommendation", "Computer code process"], ["Code comment generation", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Code comment generation", "Computer code process"], ["Playing games", "AI process"], ["Playing video games", "Playing games"], ["Playing Atari games", "Playing video games"], ["Playing montezuma's revenge", "Playing Atari games"], ["Playing real-time strategy games", "Playing video games"], ["Playing Starcraft II", "Playing real-time strategy games"], ["Playing SNES games", "Playing video games"], ["Playing board games", "Playing games"], ["Playing game of go", "Playing board games"], ["Playing game of shogi", "Playing board games"], ["Playing game of suduko", "Playing games"], ["Nethack", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Nethack", "Playing games"], ["NetHack score", "Nethack"], ["OpenAI gym", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["OpenAI gym", "Playing games"], ["Acrobot", "OpenAI gym"], ["Control with prametrised actions", "Meta: Class requiring curation"], ["Control with prametrised actions", "Playing games"]]