From d4a534d404beb29323949e42562d0335cf21e7f3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Antonin Peronnet <62420525+rambip@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Apr 2026 20:45:36 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 01/36] Add font size constants to constants.py

---
 manim/constants.py | 9 ++++++++-
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/manim/constants.py b/manim/constants.py
index ccf99a0293..4d4c8dec80 100644
--- a/manim/constants.py
+++ b/manim/constants.py
@@ -177,12 +177,19 @@
 DEFAULT_POINTWISE_FUNCTION_RUN_TIME = 3.0
 DEFAULT_WAIT_TIME = 1.0
 
+# Font calculation
+DEFAULT_TEX_FONT_SIZE_PT = 10
+PT_OVER_PX = 4 / 3
+DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WOLRD_SPACE = 0.5
+"""Length occupied by an 'EM' character in manim space, using manim default font size.
+An example of an 'EM' character is the em dash: '—'"""
+
 # Misc
 DEFAULT_POINT_DENSITY_2D = 25
 DEFAULT_POINT_DENSITY_1D = 10
 DEFAULT_STROKE_WIDTH = 4
 DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE = 48
-SCALE_FACTOR_PER_FONT_POINT = 1 / 960
+
 
 # Mathematical constants
 PI = np.pi

From 3e8e21e8c50be5125ab42563504ae7fb81b00227 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Antonin Peronnet <62420525+rambip@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Apr 2026 21:12:16 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 02/36] Refactor text scaling and font size constants

Updated text scaling and font size handling in text_mobject.py.
---
 manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py | 34 ++++++++++++++++--------------
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py b/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py
index d484420301..e3b5ab27df 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py
@@ -79,10 +79,11 @@ def construct(self):
     from typing import Self
 
     from manim.typing import Point3D
-
-TEXT_MOB_SCALE_FACTOR = 0.05
+   
 DEFAULT_LINE_SPACING_SCALE = 0.3
-TEXT2SVG_ADJUSTMENT_FACTOR = 4.8
+TEXT_FONT_SIZE_PT = 10
+"""The font size we use to render the unscaled text in the SVG.
+Note that the typical EM dash (—) will be 13.333 svg units, since 1pt = 4/3 px"""
 
 __all__ = ["Text", "Paragraph", "MarkupText", "register_font"]
 
@@ -590,7 +591,11 @@ def add_line_to(end: Point3D) -> None:
             each.points = np.array(closed_curve_points, ndmin=2)
         # anti-aliasing
         if height is None and width is None:
-            self.scale(TEXT_MOB_SCALE_FACTOR)
+            self.scale(
+               1 / PT_OVER_PX # convert svg output to "pt" units
+               / TEXT_FONT_SIZE_PT # then to "fontsize" or "EM" units
+               * DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE # then to world space
+            )
         self.initial_height = self.height
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
@@ -601,10 +606,7 @@ def font_size(self) -> float:
         return (
             self.height
             / self.initial_height
-            / TEXT_MOB_SCALE_FACTOR
-            * 2.4
             * self._font_size
-            / DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE
         )
 
     @font_size.setter
@@ -800,7 +802,7 @@ def _text2svg(self, color: ParsableManimColor) -> str:
         """Convert the text to SVG using Pango."""
         size = self._font_size
         line_spacing = self.line_spacing
-        size /= TEXT2SVG_ADJUSTMENT_FACTOR
+        size /= TEXT2SVG_ADJUSTMENT_FACTOR / 
         line_spacing /= TEXT2SVG_ADJUSTMENT_FACTOR
 
         dir_name = config.get_dir("text_dir")
@@ -1302,7 +1304,11 @@ def add_line_to(end: Point3D) -> None:
             )
         # anti-aliasing
         if height is None and width is None:
-            self.scale(TEXT_MOB_SCALE_FACTOR)
+            self.scale(
+               1 / PT_OVER_PX # convert svg output to "pt" units
+               / TEXT_FONT_SIZE_PT # then to "fontsize" or "EM" units
+               * DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE # then to world space
+            )
 
         self.initial_height = self.height
 
@@ -1311,10 +1317,7 @@ def font_size(self) -> float:
         return (
             self.height
             / self.initial_height
-            / TEXT_MOB_SCALE_FACTOR
-            * 2.4
             * self._font_size
-            / DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE
         )
 
     @font_size.setter
@@ -1345,10 +1348,9 @@ def _text2hash(self, color: ParsableManimColor) -> str:
     def _text2svg(self, color: ParsableManimColor | None) -> str:
         """Convert the text to SVG using Pango."""
         color = ManimColor(color)
-        size = self._font_size
-        line_spacing: float = self.line_spacing
-        size /= TEXT2SVG_ADJUSTMENT_FACTOR
-        line_spacing /= TEXT2SVG_ADJUSTMENT_FACTOR
+        # scale down so that manim font size becomes a specific target size in pt for pango
+        size = TEXT_FONT_SIZE_PT * self._font_size / DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE
+        line_spacing = TEXT_FONT_SIZE_PT * self.line_spacing / DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE
 
         dir_name = config.get_dir("text_dir")
         dir_name.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

From 9916d45505a139cff114563c175ba6b9623b625f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Antonin Peronnet <62420525+rambip@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Apr 2026 21:26:10 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 03/36] Refactor font size management in tex_mobject.py

Refactor font size handling in SingleStringMathTex class to use initial font size for calculations.
---
 manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py | 24 +++++++++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py b/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
index 729fbb158b..5d73286ae5 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
@@ -41,7 +41,9 @@
 from ..opengl.opengl_compatibility import ConvertToOpenGL
 
 MATHTEX_SUBSTRING = "substring"
-
+TEX_DEFAULT_FONTSIZE_PT = 10
+"""The fontsize used by default by tex: 10pt.
+This means that one 'EM' character like '—' will be 13.333 svg units, since 1pt=4/3 px"""
 
 class SingleStringMathTex(SVGMobject):
     """Elementary building block for rendering text with LaTeX.
@@ -70,7 +72,7 @@ def __init__(
         if color is None:
             color = VMobject().color
 
-        self._font_size = font_size
+        self.initial_font_size = font_size
         self.organize_left_to_right = organize_left_to_right
         self.tex_environment = tex_environment
         if tex_template is None:
@@ -97,11 +99,17 @@ def __init__(
         )
         self.init_colors()
 
-        # used for scaling via font_size.setter
-        self.initial_height = self.height
-
         if height is None:
-            self.font_size = self._font_size
+            self.scale(
+               1 / PT_OVER_PX # convert latex svg output to pt
+               / TEX_DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_PT # then to "fontsize" or "em" units
+               * DEFAULT_FONTSIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE # then to worldspace
+            )
+
+
+       # used for scaling via font_size.setter
+       # we use the initial size in world space
+        self.initial_height = self.height
 
         if self.organize_left_to_right:
             self._organize_submobjects_left_to_right()
@@ -112,7 +120,9 @@ def __repr__(self) -> str:
     @property
     def font_size(self) -> float:
         """The font size of the tex mobject."""
-        return self.height / self.initial_height / SCALE_FACTOR_PER_FONT_POINT
+        return (
+           self.height / self.initial_height * self.initial_font_size
+        )
 
     @font_size.setter
     def font_size(self, font_val: float) -> None:

From de8524c5c188217127f53293fbeaa0b857dbce67 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Antonin Peronnet <62420525+rambip@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Apr 2026 21:53:19 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 04/36] Fix DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WOLRD_SPACE definition

Updated DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WOLRD_SPACE value and corrected its description.
---
 manim/constants.py | 16 +++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/constants.py b/manim/constants.py
index 4d4c8dec80..f97859b6d2 100644
--- a/manim/constants.py
+++ b/manim/constants.py
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@
     "DEFAULT_POINT_DENSITY_1D",
     "DEFAULT_STROKE_WIDTH",
     "DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE",
+    "DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WOLRD_SPACE",
     "SCALE_FACTOR_PER_FONT_POINT",
     "PI",
     "TAU",
@@ -178,18 +179,23 @@
 DEFAULT_WAIT_TIME = 1.0
 
 # Font calculation
-DEFAULT_TEX_FONT_SIZE_PT = 10
 PT_OVER_PX = 4 / 3
-DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WOLRD_SPACE = 0.5
-"""Length occupied by an 'EM' character in manim space, using manim default font size.
-An example of an 'EM' character is the em dash: '—'"""
+DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WOLRD_SPACE = 2 / 3
+"""Length occupied by an 'EM' character in manim space, when manim default font size is used.
+An example of an 'EM' character is the em dash: '—'.
+The chosen value is an arbitrary convention."""
 
 # Misc
 DEFAULT_POINT_DENSITY_2D = 25
 DEFAULT_POINT_DENSITY_1D = 10
 DEFAULT_STROKE_WIDTH = 4
 DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE = 48
-
+SCALE_FACTOR_PER_FONT_POINT = ( # legacy, not used in code anymore
+    DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WOLRD_SPACE 
+    / (10 * PT_OVER_PX) # LaTeX default font size in pixels
+    / DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE
+)
+"""Downscale factor from LaTeX pixel to world space, divided by DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE"""
 
 # Mathematical constants
 PI = np.pi

From 394d52a82e58ef675082ad1913baad099153cc3d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "pre-commit-ci[bot]"
 <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Apr 2026 20:00:20 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 05/36] [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci
---
 manim/constants.py                 |  6 +++---
 manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py  | 17 ++++++++---------
 manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py |  4 ++--
 3 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/constants.py b/manim/constants.py
index f97859b6d2..c54f31be26 100644
--- a/manim/constants.py
+++ b/manim/constants.py
@@ -190,9 +190,9 @@
 DEFAULT_POINT_DENSITY_1D = 10
 DEFAULT_STROKE_WIDTH = 4
 DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE = 48
-SCALE_FACTOR_PER_FONT_POINT = ( # legacy, not used in code anymore
-    DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WOLRD_SPACE 
-    / (10 * PT_OVER_PX) # LaTeX default font size in pixels
+SCALE_FACTOR_PER_FONT_POINT = (  # legacy, not used in code anymore
+    DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WOLRD_SPACE
+    / (10 * PT_OVER_PX)  # LaTeX default font size in pixels
     / DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE
 )
 """Downscale factor from LaTeX pixel to world space, divided by DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE"""
diff --git a/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py b/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
index 5d73286ae5..44bc8bd4a8 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
 """The fontsize used by default by tex: 10pt.
 This means that one 'EM' character like '—' will be 13.333 svg units, since 1pt=4/3 px"""
 
+
 class SingleStringMathTex(SVGMobject):
     """Elementary building block for rendering text with LaTeX.
 
@@ -101,14 +102,14 @@ def __init__(
 
         if height is None:
             self.scale(
-               1 / PT_OVER_PX # convert latex svg output to pt
-               / TEX_DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_PT # then to "fontsize" or "em" units
-               * DEFAULT_FONTSIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE # then to worldspace
+                1
+                / PT_OVER_PX  # convert latex svg output to pt
+                / TEX_DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_PT  # then to "fontsize" or "em" units
+                * DEFAULT_FONTSIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE  # then to worldspace
             )
 
-
-       # used for scaling via font_size.setter
-       # we use the initial size in world space
+        # used for scaling via font_size.setter
+        # we use the initial size in world space
         self.initial_height = self.height
 
         if self.organize_left_to_right:
@@ -120,9 +121,7 @@ def __repr__(self) -> str:
     @property
     def font_size(self) -> float:
         """The font size of the tex mobject."""
-        return (
-           self.height / self.initial_height * self.initial_font_size
-        )
+        return self.height / self.initial_height * self.initial_font_size
 
     @font_size.setter
     def font_size(self, font_val: float) -> None:
diff --git a/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py b/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py
index e3b5ab27df..829b71f727 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ def construct(self):
     from typing import Self
 
     from manim.typing import Point3D
-   
+
 DEFAULT_LINE_SPACING_SCALE = 0.3
 TEXT_FONT_SIZE_PT = 10
 """The font size we use to render the unscaled text in the SVG.
@@ -802,7 +802,7 @@ def _text2svg(self, color: ParsableManimColor) -> str:
         """Convert the text to SVG using Pango."""
         size = self._font_size
         line_spacing = self.line_spacing
-        size /= TEXT2SVG_ADJUSTMENT_FACTOR / 
+        size /= TEXT2SVG_ADJUSTMENT_FACTOR /
         line_spacing /= TEXT2SVG_ADJUSTMENT_FACTOR
 
         dir_name = config.get_dir("text_dir")

From 24851f2df1ff76634937c11a117b971db09c92d8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Antonin Peronnet <62420525+rambip@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Apr 2026 22:07:02 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 06/36] Refactor font size handling to use initial_font_size

---
 manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py | 20 +++++++++-----------
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py b/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py
index 829b71f727..68cc250dda 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ def __init__(
                 else:
                     logger.warning(f"Font {font} not in {fonts_list}.")
         self.font = font
-        self._font_size = float(font_size)
+        self.initial_font_size = float(font_size)
         # needs to be a float or else size is inflated when font_size = 24
         # (unknown cause)
         self.slant = slant
@@ -800,10 +800,8 @@ def _text2settings(self, color: ParsableManimColor) -> list[TextSetting]:
 
     def _text2svg(self, color: ParsableManimColor) -> str:
         """Convert the text to SVG using Pango."""
-        size = self._font_size
-        line_spacing = self.line_spacing
-        size /= TEXT2SVG_ADJUSTMENT_FACTOR /
-        line_spacing /= TEXT2SVG_ADJUSTMENT_FACTOR
+        size = TEXT_FONT_SIZE_PT * self.initial_font_size / DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE
+        line_spacing = TEXT_FONT_SIZE_PT * self.line_spacing / DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE
 
         dir_name = config.get_dir("text_dir")
         dir_name.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
@@ -1183,7 +1181,7 @@ def __init__(
                 else:
                     logger.warning(f"Font {font} not in {fonts_list}.")
         self.font = font
-        self._font_size = float(font_size)
+        self.initial_font_size = float(font_size)
         self.slant = slant
         self.weight = weight
         self.gradient = gradient
@@ -1208,10 +1206,10 @@ def __init__(
 
         if self.line_spacing == -1:
             self.line_spacing = (
-                self._font_size + self._font_size * DEFAULT_LINE_SPACING_SCALE
+                self.initial_font_size + self.initial_font_size * DEFAULT_LINE_SPACING_SCALE
             )
         else:
-            self.line_spacing = self._font_size + self._font_size * self.line_spacing
+            self.line_spacing = self.initial_font_size + self.initial_font_size * self.line_spacing
 
         parsed_color: ManimColor = ManimColor(color) if color else VMobject().color
         file_name = self._text2svg(parsed_color)
@@ -1317,7 +1315,7 @@ def font_size(self) -> float:
         return (
             self.height
             / self.initial_height
-            * self._font_size
+            * self.initial_font_size
         )
 
     @font_size.setter
@@ -1337,7 +1335,7 @@ def _text2hash(self, color: ParsableManimColor) -> str:
             + self.weight
             + ManimColor(color).to_hex().lower()
         )  # to differentiate from classical Pango Text
-        settings += str(self.line_spacing) + str(self._font_size)
+        settings += str(self.line_spacing) + str(self.initial_font_size)
         settings += str(self.disable_ligatures)
         settings += str(self.justify)
         id_str = self.text + settings
@@ -1349,7 +1347,7 @@ def _text2svg(self, color: ParsableManimColor | None) -> str:
         """Convert the text to SVG using Pango."""
         color = ManimColor(color)
         # scale down so that manim font size becomes a specific target size in pt for pango
-        size = TEXT_FONT_SIZE_PT * self._font_size / DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE
+        size = TEXT_FONT_SIZE_PT * self.initial_font_size / DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE
         line_spacing = TEXT_FONT_SIZE_PT * self.line_spacing / DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE
 
         dir_name = config.get_dir("text_dir")

From bd606886fb4ba8b678f753223aa58f826be97cb8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "pre-commit-ci[bot]"
 <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Apr 2026 20:07:18 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 07/36] [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci
---
 manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py | 33 ++++++++++++++----------------
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py b/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py
index 68cc250dda..bf5e8ecf70 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py
@@ -592,9 +592,10 @@ def add_line_to(end: Point3D) -> None:
         # anti-aliasing
         if height is None and width is None:
             self.scale(
-               1 / PT_OVER_PX # convert svg output to "pt" units
-               / TEXT_FONT_SIZE_PT # then to "fontsize" or "EM" units
-               * DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE # then to world space
+                1
+                / PT_OVER_PX  # convert svg output to "pt" units
+                / TEXT_FONT_SIZE_PT  # then to "fontsize" or "EM" units
+                * DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE  # then to world space
             )
         self.initial_height = self.height
 
@@ -603,11 +604,7 @@ def __repr__(self) -> str:
 
     @property
     def font_size(self) -> float:
-        return (
-            self.height
-            / self.initial_height
-            * self._font_size
-        )
+        return self.height / self.initial_height * self._font_size
 
     @font_size.setter
     def font_size(self, font_val: float) -> None:
@@ -1206,10 +1203,13 @@ def __init__(
 
         if self.line_spacing == -1:
             self.line_spacing = (
-                self.initial_font_size + self.initial_font_size * DEFAULT_LINE_SPACING_SCALE
+                self.initial_font_size
+                + self.initial_font_size * DEFAULT_LINE_SPACING_SCALE
             )
         else:
-            self.line_spacing = self.initial_font_size + self.initial_font_size * self.line_spacing
+            self.line_spacing = (
+                self.initial_font_size + self.initial_font_size * self.line_spacing
+            )
 
         parsed_color: ManimColor = ManimColor(color) if color else VMobject().color
         file_name = self._text2svg(parsed_color)
@@ -1303,20 +1303,17 @@ def add_line_to(end: Point3D) -> None:
         # anti-aliasing
         if height is None and width is None:
             self.scale(
-               1 / PT_OVER_PX # convert svg output to "pt" units
-               / TEXT_FONT_SIZE_PT # then to "fontsize" or "EM" units
-               * DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE # then to world space
+                1
+                / PT_OVER_PX  # convert svg output to "pt" units
+                / TEXT_FONT_SIZE_PT  # then to "fontsize" or "EM" units
+                * DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE  # then to world space
             )
 
         self.initial_height = self.height
 
     @property
     def font_size(self) -> float:
-        return (
-            self.height
-            / self.initial_height
-            * self.initial_font_size
-        )
+        return self.height / self.initial_height * self.initial_font_size
 
     @font_size.setter
     def font_size(self, font_val: float) -> None:

From bdc693c875f650bbbc830c074ab738dc0fd16d09 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Antonin Peronnet <62420525+rambip@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 19 Apr 2026 09:43:24 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 08/36] Update imports in tex_mobject.py for constants

---
 manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py b/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
index 44bc8bd4a8..55695aaa5c 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 from typing import Any, Self
 
 from manim import config, logger
-from manim.constants import *
+from manim.constants import DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE, PT_OVER_PX, DEFAULT_FONTSIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE
 from manim.mobject.geometry.line import Line
 from manim.mobject.svg.svg_mobject import SVGMobject
 from manim.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VGroup, VMobject

From 607d8d9cec133844b482d685fa407a2832eeae10 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "pre-commit-ci[bot]"
 <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 19 Apr 2026 07:43:38 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 09/36] [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci
---
 manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py | 6 +++++-
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py b/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
index 55695aaa5c..d75ef0afcd 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
@@ -31,7 +31,11 @@
 from typing import Any, Self
 
 from manim import config, logger
-from manim.constants import DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE, PT_OVER_PX, DEFAULT_FONTSIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE
+from manim.constants import (
+    DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE,
+    DEFAULT_FONTSIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE,
+    PT_OVER_PX,
+)
 from manim.mobject.geometry.line import Line
 from manim.mobject.svg.svg_mobject import SVGMobject
 from manim.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VGroup, VMobject

From 28b3835c42c659f7dafb10dbb6c10a29afcf3fa9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Antonin Peronnet <62420525+rambip@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 19 Apr 2026 09:50:30 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 10/36] Refactor constants import in tex_mobject.py

Refactor imports in tex_mobject.py to use wildcard import for constants.
---
 manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py | 7 ++-----
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py b/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
index d75ef0afcd..6e5234c1c5 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
@@ -31,11 +31,8 @@
 from typing import Any, Self
 
 from manim import config, logger
-from manim.constants import (
-    DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE,
-    DEFAULT_FONTSIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE,
-    PT_OVER_PX,
-)
+from manim.constants import *
+from manim.constants import PT_OVER_PX
 from manim.mobject.geometry.line import Line
 from manim.mobject.svg.svg_mobject import SVGMobject
 from manim.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VGroup, VMobject

From f1dbcc729e38d44ee37c395068f3538506dd93c4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Antonin Peronnet <62420525+rambip@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 19 Apr 2026 09:51:13 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 11/36] Import PT_OVER_PX constant in text_mobject.py

---
 manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py b/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py
index bf5e8ecf70..9d5a412bce 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ def construct(self):
 
 from manim import config, logger
 from manim.constants import *
+from manim.constants import PT_OVER_PX
 from manim.mobject.geometry.arc import Dot
 from manim.mobject.svg.svg_mobject import SVGMobject
 from manim.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VGroup, VMobject

From 378978efc190b0cd8f7e783354e53a80296c926d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Antonin Peronnet <62420525+rambip@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 19 Apr 2026 09:58:18 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 12/36] Rename TEX_DEFAULT_FONTSIZE_PT to
 TEX_DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_PT

---
 manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py b/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
index 6e5234c1c5..cba4276a10 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 from ..opengl.opengl_compatibility import ConvertToOpenGL
 
 MATHTEX_SUBSTRING = "substring"
-TEX_DEFAULT_FONTSIZE_PT = 10
+TEX_DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_PT = 10
 """The fontsize used by default by tex: 10pt.
 This means that one 'EM' character like '—' will be 13.333 svg units, since 1pt=4/3 px"""
 

From 8401941dfebd49000defbf0b97f75661a1e702d6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "copilot-swe-agent[bot]" <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 19 Apr 2026 08:09:01 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 13/36] test: add em-dash width checks for text and math text

Agent-Logs-Url: https://github.com/rambip/manim/sessions/3da47ac5-56e2-4f83-9bea-469050a8cdad

Co-authored-by: rambip <62420525+rambip@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py   | 6 ++++++
 tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py | 6 ++++++
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py b/tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py
index 48297abec6..9a0dca864e 100644
--- a/tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py
+++ b/tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 import pytest
 
 from manim import MathTex, SingleStringMathTex, Tex, TexTemplate, tempconfig
+from manim.constants import DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WOLRD_SPACE
 
 
 def test_MathTex(config):
@@ -256,6 +257,11 @@ def test_changing_font_size():
     assert num.height == Tex("0", font_size=48).height
 
 
+def test_mathtex_em_dash_width_matches_default_font_size_in_world_space():
+    em_dash = MathTex(r"\text{---}")
+    assert em_dash.width == DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WOLRD_SPACE
+
+
 def test_log_error_context(capsys):
     """Test that the environment context of an error is correctly logged if it exists"""
     invalid_tex = r"""
diff --git a/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py b/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py
index 2e656b90ae..81ce73570c 100644
--- a/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py
+++ b/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 from contextlib import redirect_stdout
 from io import StringIO
 
+from manim.constants import DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WOLRD_SPACE
 from manim.mobject.text.text_mobject import MarkupText, Text
 
 
@@ -32,3 +33,8 @@ def warning_printed(font: str, **kwargs) -> bool:
 
     # check random string (should be warning)
     assert warning_printed("Manim!" * 3, warn_missing_font=True)
+
+
+def test_em_dash_width_matches_default_font_size_in_world_space():
+    text_em_dash = Text("—")
+    assert text_em_dash.width == DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WOLRD_SPACE

From ef13da666d5c3e0238251e880aece1a00bc4f709 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "copilot-swe-agent[bot]" <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 19 Apr 2026 08:27:03 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 14/36] fix: rename text font-size internals and add
 world-space aliases

Agent-Logs-Url: https://github.com/rambip/manim/sessions/802ae0bf-ed97-478a-b7eb-923ac4efd2a2

Co-authored-by: rambip <62420525+rambip@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 manim/constants.py                           |  4 ++++
 manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py           | 11 +++++++----
 tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/constants.py b/manim/constants.py
index c54f31be26..be09d9023a 100644
--- a/manim/constants.py
+++ b/manim/constants.py
@@ -63,6 +63,8 @@
     "DEFAULT_POINT_DENSITY_1D",
     "DEFAULT_STROKE_WIDTH",
     "DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE",
+    "DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE",
+    "DEFAULT_FONTSIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE",
     "DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WOLRD_SPACE",
     "SCALE_FACTOR_PER_FONT_POINT",
     "PI",
@@ -184,6 +186,8 @@
 """Length occupied by an 'EM' character in manim space, when manim default font size is used.
 An example of an 'EM' character is the em dash: '—'.
 The chosen value is an arbitrary convention."""
+DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE = DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WOLRD_SPACE
+DEFAULT_FONTSIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE = DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WOLRD_SPACE
 
 # Misc
 DEFAULT_POINT_DENSITY_2D = 25
diff --git a/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py b/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py
index 9d5a412bce..db7f9d9a67 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py
@@ -510,10 +510,13 @@ def __init__(
         self.text = text_without_tabs
         if self.line_spacing == -1:
             self.line_spacing = (
-                self._font_size + self._font_size * DEFAULT_LINE_SPACING_SCALE
+                self.initial_font_size
+                + self.initial_font_size * DEFAULT_LINE_SPACING_SCALE
             )
         else:
-            self.line_spacing = self._font_size + self._font_size * self.line_spacing
+            self.line_spacing = (
+                self.initial_font_size + self.initial_font_size * self.line_spacing
+            )
 
         parsed_color: ManimColor = ManimColor(color) if color else VMobject().color
         file_name = self._text2svg(parsed_color.to_hex())
@@ -605,7 +608,7 @@ def __repr__(self) -> str:
 
     @property
     def font_size(self) -> float:
-        return self.height / self.initial_height * self._font_size
+        return self.height / self.initial_height * self.initial_font_size
 
     @font_size.setter
     def font_size(self, font_val: float) -> None:
@@ -657,7 +660,7 @@ def _text2hash(self, color: ParsableManimColor) -> str:
             "PANGO" + self.font + self.slant + self.weight + str(color)
         )  # to differentiate Text and CairoText
         settings += str(self.t2f) + str(self.t2s) + str(self.t2w) + str(self.t2c)
-        settings += str(self.line_spacing) + str(self._font_size)
+        settings += str(self.line_spacing) + str(self.initial_font_size)
         settings += str(self.disable_ligatures)
         settings += str(self.gradient)
         id_str = self.text + settings
diff --git a/tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py b/tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py
index 9a0dca864e..873be6d5a9 100644
--- a/tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py
+++ b/tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ def test_changing_font_size():
 
 
 def test_mathtex_em_dash_width_matches_default_font_size_in_world_space():
-    em_dash = MathTex(r"\text{---}")
+    em_dash = MathTex(r"\text{—}")
     assert em_dash.width == DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WOLRD_SPACE
 
 

From 0c111b3183d9b22dc3fd6b083ee25497e85d2527 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "copilot-swe-agent[bot]" <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 19 Apr 2026 08:28:58 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 15/36] test: use world-space constant alias in em-dash tests

Agent-Logs-Url: https://github.com/rambip/manim/sessions/802ae0bf-ed97-478a-b7eb-923ac4efd2a2

Co-authored-by: rambip <62420525+rambip@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py   | 4 ++--
 tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py b/tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py
index 873be6d5a9..05ee3cac49 100644
--- a/tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py
+++ b/tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 import pytest
 
 from manim import MathTex, SingleStringMathTex, Tex, TexTemplate, tempconfig
-from manim.constants import DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WOLRD_SPACE
+from manim.constants import DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE
 
 
 def test_MathTex(config):
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ def test_changing_font_size():
 
 def test_mathtex_em_dash_width_matches_default_font_size_in_world_space():
     em_dash = MathTex(r"\text{—}")
-    assert em_dash.width == DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WOLRD_SPACE
+    assert em_dash.width == DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE
 
 
 def test_log_error_context(capsys):
diff --git a/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py b/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py
index 81ce73570c..20148d9ffb 100644
--- a/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py
+++ b/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 from contextlib import redirect_stdout
 from io import StringIO
 
-from manim.constants import DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WOLRD_SPACE
+from manim.constants import DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE
 from manim.mobject.text.text_mobject import MarkupText, Text
 
 
@@ -37,4 +37,4 @@ def warning_printed(font: str, **kwargs) -> bool:
 
 def test_em_dash_width_matches_default_font_size_in_world_space():
     text_em_dash = Text("—")
-    assert text_em_dash.width == DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WOLRD_SPACE
+    assert text_em_dash.width == DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE

From 5a2970239b0110a35fa54450fb7f4908640b5da6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "copilot-swe-agent[bot]" <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 19 Apr 2026 08:30:28 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 16/36] refactor: make world-space font-size constant name
 canonical

Agent-Logs-Url: https://github.com/rambip/manim/sessions/802ae0bf-ed97-478a-b7eb-923ac4efd2a2

Co-authored-by: rambip <62420525+rambip@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 manim/constants.py | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/constants.py b/manim/constants.py
index be09d9023a..cc65521796 100644
--- a/manim/constants.py
+++ b/manim/constants.py
@@ -182,12 +182,12 @@
 
 # Font calculation
 PT_OVER_PX = 4 / 3
-DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WOLRD_SPACE = 2 / 3
+DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE = 2 / 3
 """Length occupied by an 'EM' character in manim space, when manim default font size is used.
 An example of an 'EM' character is the em dash: '—'.
 The chosen value is an arbitrary convention."""
-DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE = DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WOLRD_SPACE
-DEFAULT_FONTSIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE = DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WOLRD_SPACE
+DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WOLRD_SPACE = DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE
+DEFAULT_FONTSIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE = DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE
 
 # Misc
 DEFAULT_POINT_DENSITY_2D = 25
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@
 DEFAULT_STROKE_WIDTH = 4
 DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE = 48
 SCALE_FACTOR_PER_FONT_POINT = (  # legacy, not used in code anymore
-    DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WOLRD_SPACE
+    DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE
     / (10 * PT_OVER_PX)  # LaTeX default font size in pixels
     / DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE
 )

From 511cd8dbb6d3952b6d04448046ea41df63348c23 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "copilot-swe-agent[bot]" <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 19 Apr 2026 08:35:43 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 17/36] fix: stop scaling tex by PT_OVER_PX and relax em-dash
 precision

Agent-Logs-Url: https://github.com/rambip/manim/sessions/e8302477-8de0-4944-8d6d-bf2a4da1945f

Co-authored-by: rambip <62420525+rambip@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py            | 4 +---
 tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py b/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
index cba4276a10..8bf1efc0aa 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@
 
 from manim import config, logger
 from manim.constants import *
-from manim.constants import PT_OVER_PX
 from manim.mobject.geometry.line import Line
 from manim.mobject.svg.svg_mobject import SVGMobject
 from manim.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VGroup, VMobject
@@ -104,8 +103,7 @@ def __init__(
         if height is None:
             self.scale(
                 1
-                / PT_OVER_PX  # convert latex svg output to pt
-                / TEX_DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_PT  # then to "fontsize" or "em" units
+                / TEX_DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_PT  # convert latex svg output to "fontsize" or "em" units
                 * DEFAULT_FONTSIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE  # then to worldspace
             )
 
diff --git a/tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py b/tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py
index 05ee3cac49..c34c6bdc46 100644
--- a/tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py
+++ b/tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ def test_changing_font_size():
 
 def test_mathtex_em_dash_width_matches_default_font_size_in_world_space():
     em_dash = MathTex(r"\text{—}")
-    assert em_dash.width == DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE
+    assert round(em_dash.width, 5) == round(DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE, 5)
 
 
 def test_log_error_context(capsys):

From 7474bd7bdd730f14316f1c8f826c25978f6e0838 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "copilot-swe-agent[bot]" <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 19 Apr 2026 08:37:13 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 18/36] test: relax text em-dash width precision

Agent-Logs-Url: https://github.com/rambip/manim/sessions/e8302477-8de0-4944-8d6d-bf2a4da1945f

Co-authored-by: rambip <62420525+rambip@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py b/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py
index 20148d9ffb..e6ca494a92 100644
--- a/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py
+++ b/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py
@@ -37,4 +37,4 @@ def warning_printed(font: str, **kwargs) -> bool:
 
 def test_em_dash_width_matches_default_font_size_in_world_space():
     text_em_dash = Text("—")
-    assert text_em_dash.width == DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE
+    assert round(text_em_dash.width, 5) == round(DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE, 5)

From d4202f69cd4e87f9e1e523a9b58d10552b948988 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "copilot-swe-agent[bot]" <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 19 Apr 2026 08:38:26 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 19/36] test: simplify em-dash test names

Agent-Logs-Url: https://github.com/rambip/manim/sessions/e8302477-8de0-4944-8d6d-bf2a4da1945f

Co-authored-by: rambip <62420525+rambip@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py   | 2 +-
 tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py b/tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py
index c34c6bdc46..770b2bf254 100644
--- a/tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py
+++ b/tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ def test_changing_font_size():
     assert num.height == Tex("0", font_size=48).height
 
 
-def test_mathtex_em_dash_width_matches_default_font_size_in_world_space():
+def test_mathtex_em_dash_width_default_font_size():
     em_dash = MathTex(r"\text{—}")
     assert round(em_dash.width, 5) == round(DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE, 5)
 
diff --git a/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py b/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py
index e6ca494a92..0405edd223 100644
--- a/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py
+++ b/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py
@@ -35,6 +35,6 @@ def warning_printed(font: str, **kwargs) -> bool:
     assert warning_printed("Manim!" * 3, warn_missing_font=True)
 
 
-def test_em_dash_width_matches_default_font_size_in_world_space():
+def test_em_dash_width_default_font_size():
     text_em_dash = Text("—")
     assert round(text_em_dash.width, 5) == round(DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE, 5)

From 4b2277f6763d5ac48c7da0fb7b36cef9c34eceb2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Antonin Peronnet <62420525+rambip@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 19 Apr 2026 10:46:57 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 20/36] Change default font size in world space to 0.5

---
 manim/constants.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/manim/constants.py b/manim/constants.py
index cc65521796..31824f1f47 100644
--- a/manim/constants.py
+++ b/manim/constants.py
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@
 
 # Font calculation
 PT_OVER_PX = 4 / 3
-DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE = 2 / 3
+DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE = 0.5
 """Length occupied by an 'EM' character in manim space, when manim default font size is used.
 An example of an 'EM' character is the em dash: '—'.
 The chosen value is an arbitrary convention."""

From 102d45d13d8670a83d80cef9aa553eab3265b7bc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Antonin Peronnet <62420525+rambip@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 19 Apr 2026 10:47:26 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 21/36] Fix scaling factor calculation for font size

---
 manim/constants.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/manim/constants.py b/manim/constants.py
index 31824f1f47..9c5f7cb1de 100644
--- a/manim/constants.py
+++ b/manim/constants.py
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@
 DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE = 48
 SCALE_FACTOR_PER_FONT_POINT = (  # legacy, not used in code anymore
     DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE
-    / (10 * PT_OVER_PX)  # LaTeX default font size in pixels
+    / 10  # LaTeX default font size in pixels
     / DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE
 )
 """Downscale factor from LaTeX pixel to world space, divided by DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE"""

From 1883cc39e14d002dc0549909f5aa20783c48f916 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Antonin Peronnet <62420525+rambip@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 19 Apr 2026 10:51:29 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 22/36] Fix scaling calculation for font size

---
 manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py b/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
index 8bf1efc0aa..e775781ac9 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ def __init__(
 
         if height is None:
             self.scale(
-                1
+                font_size / DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE
                 / TEX_DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_PT  # convert latex svg output to "fontsize" or "em" units
                 * DEFAULT_FONTSIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE  # then to worldspace
             )

From 5963389d7db1a6d41f4127dd31cc8e11c52918d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "pre-commit-ci[bot]"
 <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 19 Apr 2026 08:54:15 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 23/36] [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci
---
 manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py b/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
index e775781ac9..b801654c09 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
@@ -102,7 +102,8 @@ def __init__(
 
         if height is None:
             self.scale(
-                font_size / DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE
+                font_size
+                / DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE
                 / TEX_DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_PT  # convert latex svg output to "fontsize" or "em" units
                 * DEFAULT_FONTSIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE  # then to worldspace
             )

From e8c7d7ea1c9f7f981875bae424bea77e267d9a91 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Antonin Peronnet <62420525+rambip@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Apr 2026 06:49:02 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 24/36] Change precision of width assertion in test

---
 tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py b/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py
index 0405edd223..325573fcdd 100644
--- a/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py
+++ b/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py
@@ -37,4 +37,4 @@ def warning_printed(font: str, **kwargs) -> bool:
 
 def test_em_dash_width_default_font_size():
     text_em_dash = Text("—")
-    assert round(text_em_dash.width, 5) == round(DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE, 5)
+    assert round(text_em_dash.width, 3) == round(DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE, 3)

From a2210cbdc966c604ec70c4fe2528fdf61ca3a484 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Antonin Peronnet <62420525+rambip@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Apr 2026 06:50:22 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 25/36] Update precision in em dash width test

Change precision of width assertion for em dash in test.
---
 tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py b/tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py
index 770b2bf254..764b7721b9 100644
--- a/tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py
+++ b/tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ def test_changing_font_size():
 
 def test_mathtex_em_dash_width_default_font_size():
     em_dash = MathTex(r"\text{—}")
-    assert round(em_dash.width, 5) == round(DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE, 5)
+    assert round(em_dash.width, 3) == round(DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE, 3)
 
 
 def test_log_error_context(capsys):

From 04a050893225e746b33ef4ed9d1f3346abefd6ff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Antonin Peronnet <62420525+rambip@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Apr 2026 07:15:29 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 26/36] Update assertion for em dash width test

---
 tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py b/tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py
index 764b7721b9..5ecfb2c435 100644
--- a/tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py
+++ b/tests/module/mobject/text/test_texmobject.py
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ def test_changing_font_size():
 
 def test_mathtex_em_dash_width_default_font_size():
     em_dash = MathTex(r"\text{—}")
-    assert round(em_dash.width, 3) == round(DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE, 3)
+    assert abs(em_dash.width - DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE) < 0.005
 
 
 def test_log_error_context(capsys):

From d790a683747e53bf5d4c50f09b82f8c15de48360 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Antonin Peronnet <62420525+rambip@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Apr 2026 07:24:51 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 27/36] Modify em dash width test for Liberation Sans font

Update test for em dash width with specific font.
---
 tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py b/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py
index 325573fcdd..4c4eb08207 100644
--- a/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py
+++ b/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py
@@ -36,5 +36,6 @@ def warning_printed(font: str, **kwargs) -> bool:
 
 
 def test_em_dash_width_default_font_size():
-    text_em_dash = Text("—")
-    assert round(text_em_dash.width, 3) == round(DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE, 3)
+    # this specific font renders the em dash at full width, like Tex does.
+    text_em_dash = Text("—", font="Liberation Sans") 
+    assert abs(text_em_dash.width - DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE) < 0.005

From aba7b5b14532cbec706add96b9b2d45178cc395a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "pre-commit-ci[bot]"
 <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Apr 2026 05:25:06 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 28/36] [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci
---
 tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py b/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py
index 4c4eb08207..af709067d2 100644
--- a/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py
+++ b/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py
@@ -37,5 +37,5 @@ def warning_printed(font: str, **kwargs) -> bool:
 
 def test_em_dash_width_default_font_size():
     # this specific font renders the em dash at full width, like Tex does.
-    text_em_dash = Text("—", font="Liberation Sans") 
+    text_em_dash = Text("—", font="Liberation Sans")
     assert abs(text_em_dash.width - DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE) < 0.005

From 12b7b061330e10a47888315c1b2530e5a098ab44 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Antonin Peronnet <62420525+rambip@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Apr 2026 07:35:10 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 29/36] Move PT_OVER_PX to text_mobject.py (backend-specific)

---
 manim/constants.py | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/manim/constants.py b/manim/constants.py
index 9c5f7cb1de..444ec63b49 100644
--- a/manim/constants.py
+++ b/manim/constants.py
@@ -181,7 +181,6 @@
 DEFAULT_WAIT_TIME = 1.0
 
 # Font calculation
-PT_OVER_PX = 4 / 3
 DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE = 0.5
 """Length occupied by an 'EM' character in manim space, when manim default font size is used.
 An example of an 'EM' character is the em dash: '—'.

From 0a9bfcad76afab3c1e5cb3fd988492d61c7fe022 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Antonin Peronnet <62420525+rambip@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Apr 2026 07:35:19 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 30/36] Add TEX_SVG_UNITS_PER_PT constant with 72 DPI
 documentation

---
 manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py b/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
index b801654c09..b9fd80fd2b 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
@@ -41,6 +41,9 @@
 from ..opengl.opengl_compatibility import ConvertToOpenGL
 
 MATHTEX_SUBSTRING = "substring"
+TEX_SVG_UNITS_PER_PT = 1
+"""Scale factor from TeX SVG output to point units.
+TeX outputs 1 svg unit per point (72 DPI)."""
 TEX_DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_PT = 10
 """The fontsize used by default by tex: 10pt.
 This means that one 'EM' character like '—' will be 13.333 svg units, since 1pt=4/3 px"""

From a876c235be6c439cb954896dfba60bbb5be7e723 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Antonin Peronnet <62420525+rambip@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Apr 2026 07:35:27 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 31/36] Add PANGO_SVG_UNITS_PER_PT constant (96 DPI), remove
 import from constants

---
 manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py | 9 ++++++---
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py b/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py
index db7f9d9a67..b45f278d53 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ def construct(self):
 
 from manim import config, logger
 from manim.constants import *
-from manim.constants import PT_OVER_PX
+# PANGO_SVG_UNITS_PER_PT moved below with other text-specific constants
 from manim.mobject.geometry.arc import Dot
 from manim.mobject.svg.svg_mobject import SVGMobject
 from manim.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VGroup, VMobject
@@ -82,6 +82,9 @@ def construct(self):
     from manim.typing import Point3D
 
 DEFAULT_LINE_SPACING_SCALE = 0.3
+PANGO_SVG_UNITS_PER_PT = 4 / 3
+"""Scale factor from Pango SVG output to point units.
+Pango outputs 4/3 svg units per point (96 DPI)."""
 TEXT_FONT_SIZE_PT = 10
 """The font size we use to render the unscaled text in the SVG.
 Note that the typical EM dash (—) will be 13.333 svg units, since 1pt = 4/3 px"""
@@ -597,7 +600,7 @@ def add_line_to(end: Point3D) -> None:
         if height is None and width is None:
             self.scale(
                 1
-                / PT_OVER_PX  # convert svg output to "pt" units
+                / PANGO_SVG_UNITS_PER_PT  # convert svg output to "pt" units
                 / TEXT_FONT_SIZE_PT  # then to "fontsize" or "EM" units
                 * DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE  # then to world space
             )
@@ -1308,7 +1311,7 @@ def add_line_to(end: Point3D) -> None:
         if height is None and width is None:
             self.scale(
                 1
-                / PT_OVER_PX  # convert svg output to "pt" units
+                / PANGO_SVG_UNITS_PER_PT  # convert svg output to "pt" units
                 / TEXT_FONT_SIZE_PT  # then to "fontsize" or "EM" units
                 * DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE  # then to world space
             )

From df034318ea141fdb578a067ceb37f0901e1a1177 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "pre-commit-ci[bot]"
 <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Apr 2026 05:36:12 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 32/36] [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci
---
 manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py b/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py
index b45f278d53..6397ac2e9b 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ def construct(self):
 
 from manim import config, logger
 from manim.constants import *
+
 # PANGO_SVG_UNITS_PER_PT moved below with other text-specific constants
 from manim.mobject.geometry.arc import Dot
 from manim.mobject.svg.svg_mobject import SVGMobject

From 99bc87eddf68717a295b62c9c54ba51be7cf942c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Antonin Peronnet <62420525+rambip@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Apr 2026 07:38:32 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 33/36] Update text_mobject.py

---
 manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py | 3 +--
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py b/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py
index 6397ac2e9b..0bcd21f291 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py
@@ -70,7 +70,6 @@ def construct(self):
 from manim import config, logger
 from manim.constants import *
 
-# PANGO_SVG_UNITS_PER_PT moved below with other text-specific constants
 from manim.mobject.geometry.arc import Dot
 from manim.mobject.svg.svg_mobject import SVGMobject
 from manim.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VGroup, VMobject
@@ -85,7 +84,7 @@ def construct(self):
 DEFAULT_LINE_SPACING_SCALE = 0.3
 PANGO_SVG_UNITS_PER_PT = 4 / 3
 """Scale factor from Pango SVG output to point units.
-Pango outputs 4/3 svg units per point (96 DPI)."""
+Pango outputs 4/3 svg units per point (72 DPI)."""
 TEXT_FONT_SIZE_PT = 10
 """The font size we use to render the unscaled text in the SVG.
 Note that the typical EM dash (—) will be 13.333 svg units, since 1pt = 4/3 px"""

From ac681f444b2bcfa1ff9d0ff73b360b3cc2b06ccc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "pre-commit-ci[bot]"
 <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Apr 2026 05:38:47 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 34/36] [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci
---
 manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py b/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py
index 0bcd21f291..16263fc322 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/text/text_mobject.py
@@ -69,7 +69,6 @@ def construct(self):
 
 from manim import config, logger
 from manim.constants import *
-
 from manim.mobject.geometry.arc import Dot
 from manim.mobject.svg.svg_mobject import SVGMobject
 from manim.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VGroup, VMobject

From 96d53f04831eddf935d4ee91087754d3d7b84c06 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Antonin Peronnet <62420525+rambip@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Apr 2026 07:50:07 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 35/36] Refactor em dash width test to check available fonts

Updated test for em dash width to select available fonts dynamically.
---
 tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py | 17 ++++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py b/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py
index af709067d2..a6c82bb6d7 100644
--- a/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py
+++ b/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py
@@ -34,8 +34,15 @@ def warning_printed(font: str, **kwargs) -> bool:
     # check random string (should be warning)
     assert warning_printed("Manim!" * 3, warn_missing_font=True)
 
-
-def test_em_dash_width_default_font_size():
-    # this specific font renders the em dash at full width, like Tex does.
-    text_em_dash = Text("—", font="Liberation Sans")
-    assert abs(text_em_dash.width - DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE) < 0.005
+def test_em_dash_width_default_font_size():                                             
+   from manimpango import list_fonts                                                   
+                                                                                       
+   available = list_fonts()                                                            
+   # Fonts that render em dash at full font size width            
+   candidates = ["Arial", "Liberation Sans"]                                  
+                                                                                       
+   font = next((f for f in candidates if f in available), None)                        
+   assert font is not None, f"No suitable font found. Available: {available}"          
+                                                                                       
+   text_em_dash = Text("—", font=font)                                                 
+   assert abs(text_em_dash.width - DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE) < 0.01

From c3cc5023d01ae461c3fb09003b1faa4f075f5606 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "pre-commit-ci[bot]"
 <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Apr 2026 05:50:32 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 36/36] [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci
---
 .../module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py  | 25 ++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py b/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py
index a6c82bb6d7..d6b1725178 100644
--- a/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py
+++ b/tests/module/mobject/text/test_text_mobject.py
@@ -34,15 +34,16 @@ def warning_printed(font: str, **kwargs) -> bool:
     # check random string (should be warning)
     assert warning_printed("Manim!" * 3, warn_missing_font=True)
 
-def test_em_dash_width_default_font_size():                                             
-   from manimpango import list_fonts                                                   
-                                                                                       
-   available = list_fonts()                                                            
-   # Fonts that render em dash at full font size width            
-   candidates = ["Arial", "Liberation Sans"]                                  
-                                                                                       
-   font = next((f for f in candidates if f in available), None)                        
-   assert font is not None, f"No suitable font found. Available: {available}"          
-                                                                                       
-   text_em_dash = Text("—", font=font)                                                 
-   assert abs(text_em_dash.width - DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE) < 0.01
+
+def test_em_dash_width_default_font_size():
+    from manimpango import list_fonts
+
+    available = list_fonts()
+    # Fonts that render em dash at full font size width
+    candidates = ["Arial", "Liberation Sans"]
+
+    font = next((f for f in candidates if f in available), None)
+    assert font is not None, f"No suitable font found. Available: {available}"
+
+    text_em_dash = Text("—", font=font)
+    assert abs(text_em_dash.width - DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE_IN_WORLD_SPACE) < 0.01