diff --git a/CNAME b/CNAME index 1de36063..6b6877af 100644 --- a/CNAME +++ b/CNAME @@ -1 +1 @@ -www.icwar.iisc.ac.in \ No newline at end of file +icwar.iisc.ac.in diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 65c1fea7..37beba43 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# Website of Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), IISc Bangalore +# Website of Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), IISc Bengaluru This project uses: Angular CLI version 15.2.4. @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ This project uses: 6. Type the following commands in your local terminal open in Workspace folder: 1. git clone https://github.com/architbubber/IISC-ICWaR.git 2. cd IISC-ICWaR - 3. git checkout archit + 3. git checkout archit 4. npm i 5. npm start 7. Go to Browser and type https://localhost:4200/ *Note the address has Https and not Http diff --git a/angular.json b/angular.json index 641415b0..a327b7e6 100644 --- a/angular.json +++ b/angular.json @@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ "assets": [ "src/favicon.ico", "src/assets", - "src/Web.config" + "src/Web.config", + { "glob": "CNAME", "input": ".", "output": "." } ], "styles": [ "src/styles.scss", @@ -97,7 +98,8 @@ "inlineStyleLanguage": "scss", "assets": [ "src/favicon.ico", - "src/assets" + "src/assets", + { "glob": "CNAME", "input": ".", "output": "." } ], "styles": [ "src/styles.scss" diff --git a/docs/370.4755a5c467aff628.js b/docs/370.4755a5c467aff628.js deleted file mode 100644 index 5ba4c1f8..00000000 --- a/docs/370.4755a5c467aff628.js +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -"use strict";(self.webpackChunkIISC_ICWaR=self.webpackChunkIISC_ICWaR||[]).push([[370],{370:(O,g,r)=>{r.r(g),r.d(g,{PeopleModule:()=>W});var l=r(895),o=r(322);const m=[{Chair:[{name:"Prof. Praveen C Ramamurthy",Designation:"chairman",department:"Department of Materials Engineering",phoneNo:"+91 080 2293 2627",email:"praveen@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/PRamamurthy.png",website:"https://materials.iisc.ac.in/~praveen/",details:"He is the Chairperson at the Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR) and Professor at the Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru. He obtained PhD from the University of Clemson. Prof. Praveen has been awarded with PROF SATISH DHAWAN AWARD FOR YOUNG ENGINEER. His research interests include Electroactive polymers, Nanocomposite, Organic nanoelectronics, and sensors. Area of polymer electronics like Schott key diode, FET, OPVD, and sensors, with a current focus on the elucidation of the structure-property relationship of polymers to the performance of the devices and functionalization of nanocomposites."}]},{"Core Faculty":[{name:"Dr. Rajarshi Das Bhowmik",Designation:"Assistant Professor",department:"ICWaR",phoneNo:"+91 80 2293 3224",email:"rajarshidb@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/RDB.jpg",website:"https://rajarshidasbhowmik.com/",details:"I am an Assistant Professor in the Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research at Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. I obtained PhD from North Carolina State University, Raleigh (USA). I am a former Post-doctoral Fellow at Hong Kong University of Science & Technology. My research interest includes hydro-climate modeling, extreme weather events and climate change Projections."},{name:"Dr. Bramha Dutt Vishwakarma",Designation:"Assistant Professor",department:"ICWaR",phoneNo:"+91 80 2293 2870",email:"bramha@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/BDV.jpg",website:"https://ultra-pluto-7f6d1.netlify.app/",details:"I am a researcher with expertise in processing and interpreting Geodetic Earth observation data (such as GRACE satellite gravity fields, GNSS time-series, and so on). Interested in Signal processing, Geodesy, time-series analysis, and hydrology. My passion is to develop novel algorithms and provide solutions to complicated inter-disciplinary problems. I am excited by opportunities to learn new data-processing tools and to understand the Earth-system response to climate change."}]},{"Associate Faculty":[{name:"Prof. P. P. Mujumdar",Designation:"Associate Faculty",department:"Department of Civil Engineering",phoneNo:"+91 80 2293 2669",email:"pradeep@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/ppm.png",website:"",details:"Prof. P P Mujumdar is currently serving as a Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering. He has earlier served as the Chairman of the Department from November 2006 to December 2010 and as KSIIDC Chair Professor from August 2012 to July 2015. He holds Associate Faculty position in the Center for Earth Sciences at IISc Bangalore. His area of specialization is Water Resources with a focus on climate change impacts on hydrology/water resources, statistical downscaling of GCM outputs, urban flooding, planning and operation of large scale water resources systems, and uncertainty modeling. His recent research contributions include detection and attribution of hydrologic change, development of downscaling models and quantification and reduction of uncertainty in climate change impact assessment. He has served as the Chairman of the Water Resources Management section of the International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), and as a reviewer for the Assessment Report 5 (AR5) of the IPCC."},{name:"Prof. Govindasamy Bala",Designation:"",department:"Centre for Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences",phoneNo:"+91 80 2293 3428",email:"gbala@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/gbala.jpg",website:"http://dccc.iisc.ac.in/web/balag_home.html",details:"Govindasamy Bala is based at the Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc). His main research interests are modelling climate change, carbon and water cycles, solar geoengineering, and the global and regional monsoon systems. He has published over 110 peer-reviewed papers on climate change, carbon cycles and monsoons. Prof. Bala was the recipient of the 2008 Scopus Young Scientist Award for Earth Sciences, and together with collaborators from China and the USA, also won the prestigious World Meteorological Organization\u2019s (WMO) Norbert Gerbier MUMM International Award for 2014, for a research paper on fast climate system adjustments. Prof. Bala has served as a Lead and Contributing Author in the AR5 and AR6 IPCC WG1 reports."},{name:"Prof. Sekhar M.",Designation:"",department:"Department of Civil Engineering",phoneNo:"+91 80 2293 2245",email:"muddu@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/sekharm.jpg",website:"http://civil.iisc.ernet.in/~muddu/",details:"My research interests are in the areas of groundwater hydrology, agro-hydrology, satellite hydrology using numerical methods, geospatial & geophysical methods, optimization & inverse approaches, and specifically in the following themes. Groundwater resource assessment under the influence of climatic variations and anthropogenic effects using numerical modeling, statistical tools and field studies. Modeling near surface soil moisture and evapotranspiration using remote sensing data and assimilating them into distributed hydrological models. Stochastic modeling of flow and reactive solute transport in heterogeneous porous media using theoretical studies and field scale experiments. Integrated geochemical and hydrological studies in the Kabini Critical Zone Observatory."},{name:"Prof. Srinivas V. V.",Designation:"",department:"Department of Civil Engineering",phoneNo:"+ 91 80 2293 2641",email:"vvs@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/VVS.jpg",website:"http://civil.iisc.ernet.in/~vvs/",details:"I am an Associate Professor at the Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru. I obtained PhD from the Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai. My research interests include Stochastic Surface Water Hydrology, Impact Assessment of Climate and Land-use/Land-cover Change on Hydrology of River Basins, Regionalization of Watersheds, and Hydrometeorological Monitoring Networks (to Predict Hydrological and meteorological Processes in Ungauged Basins), Regional Frequency analysis of Extreme Rainfall, Floods, and Droughts, Statistical Modelling of Hydroclimate Variables, Forecasting Streamflow and Floods in River Basins, Urban Stormwater Drains and Water Distribution Networks, Performance Evaluation and Breach Analysis of Dams."},{name:"Prof. Prosenjit Ghosh",Designation:"",department:"Centre for Earth Sciences",phoneNo:"+91 80 2293 2599",email:"pghosh@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/pgosh.jpg",website:"",details:"I am an Associate Professor at the Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru. I obtained PhD from Devi Ahiliya Vishwa Vidhyalaya, Indore. My research interests include CO2 evolution in the paleo-atmosphere; probing the soil carbonate archives, Reconstruction of the paleo-diet using the stable isotopes method, Understanding the extinction event in geological time, Carbon cycle in hydrosphere-atmosphere (Ocean, estuary, lakes, etc.), Stable isotope chemistry of atmospheric CO2 and carbon cycle, Application of doubly substituted CO2 isotopologues in carbonate Paleo-thermometry, Development of new isotopic standard for analyses of stable isotopes in air and solid samples."},{name:"Prof. Ramananda Chakrabarti",Designation:"",department:"Centre for Earth Sciences",phoneNo:"+91 80 2293 3003",email:"ramananda@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/ramananda.jpg",website:"https://sites.google.com/site/ramanandachakrabarti/Home",details:"I am an Associate Professor at the Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru. I obtained PhD from University of Rochester, USA. My research interests include Radiogenic and Non-Traditional Stable Isotopes, Proxy Development, Igneous, Sedimentary And Aqueous Geochemistry, Impact Cratering, and Cosmochemistry."},{name:"Dr Lakshminarayana Rao",Designation:"",department:"Centre for Sustainable Technologies",phoneNo:"080 2293 2051",email:"narayana@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/lakshminarayanarao.jpg",website:"",details:"I am an Associate Professor at the Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru. I obtained PhD from McGill University. My research interests include Plasma Technology, Plasma Gasification, Syngas Cleaning, and Enrichment."},{name:"Dr.Sanjeev Sambandan",Designation:"",department:"Instrumentation And Applied Physics",phoneNo:"Tel: 080 2293 3196",email:"sanjiv@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/sanjeevs.jpg",website:"",details:"I am an Associate Professor at the Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru. I obtained PhD from the University of Waterloo. My research interests include semiconductor physics, flexible electronics, Device Physics, and Integrated Circuits."}]},{"DST Inspire Faculty":[{name:"Dr. Thejna Tharammal",Designation:"DST Insprire Faculty",department:"ICWaR",phoneNo:"",email:"thejnat@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/ThejnaT.jpg",website:"https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Yp2pA8QAAAAJ&hl=en",details:"I am a DST Inspire Faculty at the Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru. I obtained PhD from the University of Bremen, Germany. My research interests include Past and Future Climate Changes, Climate Modelling, and Isotope Hydrology."},{name:"Dr. Soumita Boral ",Designation:"DST Inspire Faculty",department:"ICWaR",phoneNo:"",email:"soumitab@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/SoumitaB.jpg",website:"https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=exn8ctgAAAAJ&hl=en",details:"I am a DST Inspire Faculty at the Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru. I obtained PhD from the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India. My research interests include Isotope Geochemistry, Critical zone biogeochemistry, Glacier-river-continent processes, Hydro-geochemical modelling."}]}],h=[{"Associate Faculty":[{name:"Prof. Venugopal V.",Designation:"Associate Faculty",department:"Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences",phoneNo:"+91 80 2293 3073",email:"venu@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/venugopal.jpg",website:"",details:"I am a former faculty at the Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru. I obtained PhD from the University of Minnesota. My research interests include Stochastic Hydrology, Space-time Structure and Scale-invariance of Precipitation, Precipitation Downscaling, Retrieval and Validation of remotely sensed Precipitation, and Cloud-resolving Models."},{name:"Prof. Nagesh Kumar D",Designation:"Associate Faculty",department:"Department of Civil Engineering",phoneNo:"+91 80 2293 2666",email:"nagesh@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/DNageshKumar.jpg",website:"http://www.civil.iisc.ac.in/people/nagesh-kumar-d/",details:"I am a former faculty at the Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru. I obtained PhD from the Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru. My research interests include Climate Hydrology, Optimization in Water Resource Systems, Multicriteria Decision Making (MCDM) in Water Resources, and Remote Sensing for Irrigation Management."},{name:"Prof. Mohan Kumar M. S.",Designation:"Retired Faculty",department:"Department of Civil Engineering",phoneNo:"",email:"",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/Mohan Kumar S.jpg",website:"http://civil.iisc.ernet.in/~msmk/",details:"I am a former faculty at the Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru. I obtained PhD from the Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru. My research interests include Water Resources and Environmental Engineering."},{name:"Prof. Subramanian S",Designation:"Retired Faculty",department:"Department of Materials Engineering",phoneNo:"",email:"",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/Prof.S.Subramanian.jpg",website:"",details:"I am a former faculty at the Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru. I obtained PhD from the University of Mysore, India. My research interests include Surface and colloid chemistry, Mineral processing, Extractive metallurgy, Bio-processing and environmental control."}]}],d=[{Current:[{name:"Siva Naga Venkat Nara","Degree Registered":"Ph.D","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech: IIT Bombay, Water Resources Engg. (2012)","Name of Supervisors":"Prof. M Sekhar and Prof. Prosenjit Ghosh","Research Topic":"Analysis and modelling of Hydrogeochemical systems",email:"venkatnara@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/venkat.jpg"},{name:"Walter Samuel","Degree Registered":"Ph.D","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech: IIT Guwahati, Water Resources Engg. and Management (2017)","Name of Supervisors":"Prof. V Venugopal and Prof. Ramananda Chakrabarti","Research Topic":"The Physical and Geochemical Characteristics of the Brahmaputra River Basin",email:"waltersamuel@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/WalterSamuel.jpg"},{name:"Biswajit Panda","Degree Registered":"Ph.D","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech: IIT Guwahati, Geotechnical Engg. (2018)","Name of Supervisors":"Prof. Ramananda Chakrabarti & Dr Sambudha Misra","Research Topic":"Reverse Weathering and Heavy metal Contamination of Indian Rivers",email:"biswajitp@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/Biswajit.jpg"},{name:"Abhishek Chakraborty","Degree Registered":"Ph.D","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech: IIT Guwahati, Water Resources Engg. and Management (2018)","Name of Supervisors":"Prof. M Sekhar and Dr. Lakshminarayana Rao","Research Topic":"Carbon Flux Estimation from Semi-arid Agro-ecosystem",email:"cabhishek@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/Abhishek-Chakraborty.jpg"},{name:"Pavithra N","Degree Registered":"Ph.D","Degree and Affiliation":"M.tech: NIT, Surathkal, Environmental Engineering (2018)","Name of Supervisors":"Prof. Praveen C Ramamurthy","Research Topic":"",email:"pavithran@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/Pavithra.jpg"},{name:"Saubhik Das","Degree Registered":"Ph.D","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech: IIT Guwahati, Water Resources Engg. and Management (2019)","Name of Supervisors":"Prof. V Venugopal and Prof. Jai Sukhatme","Research Topic":"",email:"saubhikdas@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/SoubhikDas.jpg"},{name:"Chamarthi Sarat Chandra","Degree Registered":"Ph.D","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech: NIT Rourkela, Water Resources Engg. (2019)","Name of Supervisors":"Prof. M Sekhar and Prof. V Venugopal","Research Topic":"",email:"saratc@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/Sarat.jpg"},{name:"Diljit Dutta","Degree Registered":"Ph.D","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech (IIT Guwahati)","Name of Supervisors":"Prof. V.V. Srinivas, Prof. Govindasamy Bala","Research Topic":"Impact of climate change on compound coastal flooding risk in India",email:"diljitdutta@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/Diljit.jpg"},{name:"Vishakha Chauhan","Degree Registered":"Ph.D","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Sc in Chemistry","Name of Supervisors":"Prof. Praveen Ramamurthy and Prof. Prosenjit Ghosh","Research Topic":"",email:"vishakhac@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/vishakha.jpg"},{name:"Shairik Sengupta","Degree Registered":"Ph.D","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Sc, Environmental Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi.","Name of Supervisors":"Dr. Rajarshi Das Bhowmik","Research Topic":"",email:"shairiks@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/shairik.jpg"},{name:"Vivek Kumar Yadav","Degree Registered":"Ph.D","Degree and Affiliation":"BTech: Civil Engineering from Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering & Technology, Jhansi","Name of Supervisors":"Dr. Bramha Dutta Vishwakarma","Research Topic":"",email:"viveky@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/vivekkumar.jpg"},{name:"Sai Vikas Kona","Degree Registered":"Ph.D","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech in Water Resources Engineering, IIT Bhubaneswar","Name of Supervisors":"Dr. Rajarshi Das Bhowmik","Research Topic":"",email:"saikona@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/saivikas.jpg"},{name:"Radhika Varshney","Degree Registered":"Ph.D","Degree and Affiliation":"Integrated Master of Science (Chemistry), National Institute of Technology, Rourkela","Name of Supervisors":"Praveen Ramamurthy and Prof. Ramananda Chakrabarti","Research Topic":"",email:"vradhika@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/radhikavarshney.jpg"},{name:"Posa Poornima Chandra Lekha","Degree Registered":"Ph.D","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech in Water Resources Engineering and Management, NITK, Surathkal (2021)","Name of Supervisors":"Dr. Rajarshi Das Bhowmik","Research Topic":"",email:"poornimaposa@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/posapoornima.jpg"},{name:"Balaram Shaw","Degree Registered":"Ph.D","Degree and Affiliation":"MTech: NIT Calicut (Water Resources Engineering)","Name of Supervisors":"Dr. Bramha Dutta Vishwakarma","Research Topic":"",email:"balaramshaw@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/balaram.jpg"},{name:"Vemuri Harini","Degree Registered":"Ph.D","Degree and Affiliation":"MTech (Civil Engineering), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru","Name of Supervisors":"Dr. Rajarshi Das Bhowmik","Research Topic":"",email:"vemuriharini@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/Vemuri_Harini.jpg"},{name:"Chethan V A","Degree Registered":"Ph.D in Engineering","Degree and Affiliation":"MTech in Remote Sensing and GIS with Water Resources Specialization, IIRS-ISRO, Dehradun","Name of Supervisors":"Dr. Bramha Dutta Vishwakarma","Research Topic":"",email:"chethanv@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/Chetan_VA.jpg"},{name:"Yuji Shigefuji","Degree Registered":"Ph.D","Degree and Affiliation":"M. Engg.: University of Tsukuba, Watershed Conservation Engg. (2008)","Name of Supervisors":"Prof. M Sekhar","Research Topic":"",email:"yujis@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/Yuji_Shigefuji.jpg"},{name:"Vandana S","Degree Registered":"Ph.D","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Sc. in Geoinformatics, TERI School of Advanced Studies (2022)","Name of Supervisors":"Dr. Bramha Dutta Vishwakarma","Research Topic":"",email:"svandana@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/Vandana_S.jpg"},{name:"Endurance Orobosa Eguavoen","Degree Registered":"Ph.D (Engg.) in Water Research","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Sc. Polymer Science and Engineering, Federal University of Technology Owerri Conservation Engg. (2008)","Name of Supervisors":"Prof. Praveen Ramamurthy and Prof. Krishna Sanjeev","Research Topic":"",email:"enduranceo@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/Endurance_OE.jpg"}]},{Past:[{name:"Sneha Santy","Degree Registered":"Ph.D","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech: NITK, Surathkal, Environmental Engg. (2015)",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/sneha.jpg"},{name:"Tresa Mary Thomas","Degree Registered":"Ph.D","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech: IIT Roorkee, Hydraulics Engg. (2017)",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/TresaThomas.jpg"},{name:"Reshma Mohan T","Degree Registered":"Ph.D","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech: Government Engg. College, Thrissur, Water Resources and Hydroinformatics (2017)",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/Reshma Mohan.jpg"}]}],p=[{name:"Prof. Ashish Sharma","Designation and University of Visitior":"Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia",Duration:"07 - 08th April, 2024",website:"https://research.unsw.edu.au/people/professor-ashish-sharma",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/Prof.Ashish_Sharma.jpg"},{name:"Dr. Chandra Rajulapati","Designation and University of Visitior":"Assistant Professor at Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba",Duration:"17 - 30th Dec, 2023",website:"https://umanitoba.ca/engineering/civil/chandra-rajulapati",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/Chandra-Rajulapati.jpg"},{name:"Dr. Jasmeet Judge","Designation and University of Visitior":"Professor in the Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department at the University of Florida",Duration:"07 - 10th June, 2023",website:"https://abe.ufl.edu/people/faculty/jasmeet-judge/",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/Jasmeet-Judge.png"},{name:"Dr. Balaji Devaraju","Designation and University of Visitior":"Assistant Professor at Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Kanpur",Duration:"28th May to 05th June, 2023",website:"https://iitk.ac.in/new/balaji-devaraju",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/Balaji-Devaraju.jpg"},{name:"Prof. Ana Mijic","Designation and University of Visitior":"Professor, Reader in Water Systems Integration and Director of the\u202fCentre for Systems Engineering and Innovation (CSEI) at Imperial College London",Duration:"14th Nov to 24th Dec, 2022",website:"https://www.imperial.ac.uk/people/ana.mijic",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/Mijic_Ana.jpg"},{name:"Prof. Walter Den","Designation and University of Visitior":"Professor, Texas A&M University, San Antonio ",Duration:"05th Dec, 2022",website:"https://apps.tamusa.edu/course-information/Profile/Faculty/462?=Walter-Den",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/walter-den.jpg"},{name:"Prof. Alan Jenkins","Designation and University of Visitior":"Deputy Director and Science Director, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH)",Duration:"10 \u2013 15th Aug, 2022",website:"",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/Alam-Jenkins.jpg"},{name:"Prof. Bob Ferrier","Designation and University of Visitior":"Director of CREW, The James Hutton Institute",duration:"10 - 15th Aug, 2022",website:"",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/Bob-Ferrier.jpg"},{name:"Prof. Francesco Panese",Achievement:"International Student Delegation",Students:"El\xe9onore Petit, Jennifer Colombi, Roxane Borgeaud, Cl\xe9ment Porchet and Jacobo Vergara Restrepo","Designation and University of Visitior":"Full Professor, Institute of Social Sciences & Sciences and Technologies Studies Laboratory (STSlab), University of Lausanne",Duration:"8th Aug, 2022",website:"",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/Francesco-Panese.jpg"},{name:"Ms. Rozemarijnter Horst","Fellowship Endowed":"Visiting Research Fellowship from Wageningen University","Designation and University of Visitior":"Lecturer and Ph.D. Researcher, Water Resources Management Group, Wageningen University, Netherlands",Duration:"3rd Jan to 5th Feb, 2022",website:"https://www.wur.nl/en/Persons/Rozemarijn-RH-Rozemarijn-ter-Horst-MSc.htm",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/RozemarijnterHorst.jpg"},{name:"Prof. Murugesu Sivapalan","Fellowship Endowed":"Satish Dhawan Visiting Chair Professor","Designation and University of Visitior":"Professor, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), USA",Duration:"17th Oct to 4th Dec, 2019",website:"https://cee.illinois.edu/directory/profile/sivapala",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/MurugesuSivapalan.jpg"},{name:" Mrs. Reba Paul","Fellowship Endowed":"Short Term Research Fellowship from UTS Australia","Designation and University of Visitior":"PhD Scholar, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), Australia",Duration:"13th Nov, 2017 to 5th Feb, 2018",website:"https://profiles.uts.edu.au/Reba.Paul",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/RebaPaul.jpg"},{name:"Mr. Milind Sharma","Fellowship Endowed":"Short Term Research Fellowship from Purdue University","Designation and University of Visitior":"PhD Scholar, Purdue University, USA",Duration:"30th Jun to 1st Oct, 2017",website:"https://www.purdue.edu/gradschool/ese/about/profiles/sharma.html",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/MilindSharma.jpg"},{name:"Ms. Gina Tsarouchia","Fellowship Endowed":" Fellowship from HR Wallingford","Designation and University of Visitior":"PhD Scholar, HR Wallingford, UK",Duration:"28th Mar to 9th Apr, 2017",website:"https://www.iahr.org/individual-member/user?member_no=84257",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/GinaTsarouchi.jpg"}],f=[{Current:[{name:"Dr. Simranjeet Singh",Designation:"DBT Fellow","Degree and Affiliation":"Ph.D. Biotechnology",Project:"Detection and remediation of environmental contaminants",email:"simranjeets@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/Simranjeet.jpg"},{name:"Tabasum Rasool",Designation:"Research Associate","Degree and Affiliation":"Ph.D. (NIT, Srinagar)",Project:"Development and application of a stochastic rainfall generator (SRG) to account for unprecedented rainfall events",email:"tabasumr@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/tabasumrasool.jpg"},{name:"Dr. Arindan Mandal",Designation:"IOE Post-Doctoral Fellow","Degree and Affiliation":"PhD, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi (2022)",Project:"Glacier-climate interactions in Ladakh Regionn",email:"arindanm@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/ArindanMandal.jpg"},{name:"Dr. Venkatesh Budamala",Designation:" IoE Post-Doctoral Fellow","Degree and Affiliation":"PhD, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore (2022)",Project:"",email:"bvenkatesh@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/VenkateshB.jpg"},{name:"Dr. Retinder Kour",Designation:"Research Associate III","Degree and Affiliation":"Ph.D. Department of Remote Sensing, BIT Mesra",Project:"Influence of future climate Projections on the streamflow of Himalayan River basins",email:"retinderkour@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/RetinderK.jpg"},{name:"Ashlin Ann Alexander",Designation:"Research Associate","Degree and Affiliation":"Ph.D. in Water Resources Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore",Project:"SERB-CRG, MHRD-STARS",email:"ashlina@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/Ashlin_Ann_Alexander.png"},{name:"Dr. K Satish Kumar ",Designation:"IoE Post-Doctoral Fellow","Degree and Affiliation":" PhD, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal (2023)",Project:"Understanding the Water Storage Components Behaviour and Interactions at the Aquifer and Catchment Scale",email:"ksatishkumar@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.Satish_Kumar.png"},{name:"Dr. Dagani Koteswara Rao",Designation:"IoE Post-Doctoral Fellow","Degree and Affiliation":"PhD in Hydraulics & Water Resources from IIT Hyderabad",Project:"Assessing the self-sufficiency and sustainability of water and food resources for consumption and production",email:"daganikotes1@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.Koteswara_Rao.png"},{name:"Dr. Suyog Gupta",Designation:"Research Associate","Degree and Affiliation":"Ph.D., IIT (ISM) Dhanbad",Project:"cCauvery",email:"suyoggupta@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.Suyog_Gupta.jpg"}]},{Past:[{name:"Dr. Pushkar Sharma",Designation:"Post Doctoral Fellow",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/PushkarS.jpg"},{name:"Dr. Abhinav Wadhwa",Designation:"Research Associate",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/AbhinavWadhwa.jpg"},{name:"Dr. Rajesh. R",Designation:"Research Associate III",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/RajeshR.jpg"},{name:"Dr. Gowri R",Designation:"Research Associate",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/gowri-r.jpg"},{name:"Subir Paul",Designation:"Research Associate",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/subirpaul.jpg"},{name:"Ruhhee Tabbussum",Designation:"IoE Post Doctoral Fellow",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/ruhheetabbussum.jpg"},{name:"Gouri R Laxmeshwar",Designation:"Research Associate III",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/gourilaxmeshwar.jpg"},{name:"Dr. Abhishek",Designation:"CV Raman Post-doctoral Fellow",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/abhishek.jpg"},{name:"Dr. Vikas Poonia (21 Mar 2022 \u2013 23 Oct 2022)",Designation:"IoE Post-Doctoral Fellow",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/Vikas-Poonia.jpg"},{name:"Dr. Simranjeet Singh (08 Sept 2020 \u2013 07 Sept 2022)",Designation:"Post Doctoral Fellow",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/Simranjeet.jpg"},{name:"Dr. Jeenu Mathai (7th Mar 2022 \u2013 18th Nov 2022)",Designation:"Postdoctoral Research Associate",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/Jeenu_Mathai.jpg"},{name:"Dr. Aafaq Nazir (Feb. 2021 \u2013 Aug. 2022)",Designation:"Postdoctoral Research Associate",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/postdoc-aafaqnazir.jpg"},{name:"Dr. Shubha Avinash (Jan. 2022 \u2013 Oct. 2022)",Designation:"Specialist Scientist",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/Shubha-Avinash.jpg"},{name:"Dr. Somil Swarnkar (Jan. 2021 \u2013 July 2022)",Designation:"National Postdoctoral Fellow (NPDF)",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/Somil_Swarnkar.jpg"},{name:"Dr. Pankaj Dey (May 2020 \u2013 April 2022)",Designation:"Postdoctoral Research Associate",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/img_avatar3.png"},{name:"Dr Kaushik G S (Sept 2019 \u2013 Jan 2022)",Designation:"Postdoctoral Research Associate",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/img_avatar3.png"},{name:"Dr. Shailza Sharma (Oct. 2020 \u2013 Nov. 2021)",Designation:"Postdoctoral Research Associate",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/img_avatar3.png"},{name:"Dr Ila Chawla (Aug 2018 \u2013 Dec 2019)",Designation:"Research Associate (Provisional)",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/img_avatar3.png"}]}],u=[{Current:[{name:"Ms. P. N. Chandi Priya",Designation:" Junior Research Fellow","Degree and Affiliation":"MS by Research in Civil Engineering, IIIT Hyderabad (2022)",Project:"INSPIRE Project",email:"chandip@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Project Staff/ChandiPriya.jpg"},{name:"Maya Raghunath Suryawanshi",Designation:"Project Associate II","Degree and Affiliation":"Ph.D. in Physics",Project:"ISRO-IISc Project",email:"mayas@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Project Staff/MayaR.jpg"},{name:"Nruthya K",Designation:"Senior Project Associate","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech in Water Resources Engineering, NITK Surathkal",Project:"National Supercomputing Mission",email:"nruthyak@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Project Staff/nruthya-k.jpg"},{name:"Ms. Preethi Alle",Designation:"Junior Research Fellow","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech in Water Resources Engineering, IIT Bhubaneswar (2021)",Project:"MHRD-STAR",email:"preethialle@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Project Staff/Preethi_Alle.jpg"}]},{Past:[{name:"Likhitha P",Designation:"Senior Research Fellow","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech in Water Resources Engineering, NIT Kurukshetra",Project:"National Supercomputing Mission",email:"likhithap@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Project Staff/LikhithaP.jpg"},{name:"Karthika K",Designation:"Project Associate","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech in Remote Sensing and GIS (Specialization: Marine and Atmospheric Science), IIRS Dehradun",Project:"National Supercomputing Mission",email:"karthikak@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Project Staff/Karthika_K.jpg"},{name:"Ananthula Rishika",Designation:"Project Associate","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech in Civil Engineering (Specialization: Water Resources and Environmental Engineering), IISc Bangalore (2023)",Project:"National Supercomputing Mission",email:"ananthular@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Project Staff/Ananthula_Rishika.png"},{name:"Gaddam Nagaraju",Designation:"Project Associate","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Sc. Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Hyderabad (2021)",Project:"National Supercomputing Mission.",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Project Staff/Gaddam-Nagaraju.jpg"},{name:"Ms. Anu S Patil",Designation:"Project Associate II","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech by Research, Department of Water Resources and Ocean Engineering, NIT Surathkal (2019)",Project:"SERB-CRG Project",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Project Staff/Anu-S-Patil.jpg"},{name:"Vandana S",Designation:"Project Associate I","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Sc. in Geoinformatics, TERI School of Advanced Studies (2022)",Project:"Mapping Terrestrial Water Resources from Space (MATRA)",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Project Staff/vandana.jpg"},{name:"Chandan Kumar",Designation:"Project Associate","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech. in Civil Engineering (Major in Water Resources and Environmental Engineering), IISc Bangalore (2022)",Project:"SERB-SRG Project",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Project Staff/chandan.jpg"},{name:"Amin Shakya",Designation:"Senior Project Associate","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Sc. in Water Science and Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Netherlands (2021) M.Sc. in Hydro Science and Engineering, TU Dresden, Germany (2021)",Project:"IISc-ISRO Space Technologies Cell Project",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Project Staff/Amin Shakya.png"}]}],S=[{Current:[{name:"G. B. Akshatha",Designation:"Administrative Assistant",phoneNo:"080-22932740",email:"akshathag@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Office Staff/Akshatha_GB.jpg"},{name:"Ashwini.N",Designation:"Administrative Assistant",phoneNo:"080-22932740",email:"ashwinin@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Office Staff/Ashwini_N.jpg"},{name:"Krishna Kumar Pandey",Designation:"Technical Assistant",email:"krishnakp@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Office Staff/Krishnakp.jpg"},{name:"S Jayasheela",Designation:"Office Helper",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Office Staff/Jayasheela_S.jpg"},{name:"D Darshan",Designation:"Office Helper",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Office Staff/Darshan_D.jpg"}]}];r(259);var e=r(256);function D(i,t){if(1&i&&(e.TgZ(0,"a",34),e._uU(1),e.qZA()),2&i){const a=e.oxw().$implicit;e.Q6J("href",a.website,e.LSH),e.xp6(1),e.Oqu(a.name)}}function y(i,t){if(1&i&&e._uU(0),2&i){const a=e.oxw().$implicit;e.Oqu(a.name)}}function P(i,t){if(1&i&&(e.TgZ(0,"h5",35)(1,"a",36),e._uU(2),e.qZA()()),2&i){const a=e.oxw().$implicit;e.xp6(1),e.Q6J("href","callto:"+a.phoneNo,e.LSH),e.xp6(1),e.hij(" ",a.phoneNo,"")}}function v(i,t){if(1&i&&(e.TgZ(0,"h5",37)(1,"a",38),e._uU(2),e.qZA()()),2&i){const a=e.oxw().$implicit;e.xp6(1),e.Q6J("href","mailto:"+a.email,e.LSH),e.xp6(1),e.hij(" ",a.email,"")}}function R(i,t){if(1&i&&(e.ynx(0),e.TgZ(1,"div",19)(2,"div",20),e._UZ(3,"img",21),e.TgZ(4,"div",22)(5,"h4",23),e.YNc(6,D,2,2,"a",24),e.YNc(7,y,1,1,"ng-template",null,25,e.W1O),e._uU(9),e.qZA(),e.TgZ(10,"h6",26),e._uU(11),e.qZA(),e.TgZ(12,"p",27),e._uU(13),e.qZA(),e.TgZ(14,"section",28)(15,"span"),e._uU(16),e.qZA(),e.TgZ(17,"span",29),e._uU(18),e.qZA(),e._UZ(19,"button",30),e.qZA()()(),e.TgZ(20,"div",31),e.YNc(21,P,3,2,"h5",32),e.YNc(22,v,3,2,"h5",33),e.qZA()(),e.BQk()),2&i){const a=t.$implicit,n=t.index,s=e.MAs(8),c=e.oxw().$implicit;e.xp6(3),e.Q6J("src",a.imgSrc,e.LSH),e.xp6(3),e.Q6J("ngIf",a.website)("ngIfElse",s),e.xp6(3),e.hij(" (",c,")"),e.xp6(2),e.Oqu(a.department),e.xp6(2),e.Oqu(a.details),e.xp6(3),e.Oqu(a.details.substring(0,150)),e.xp6(1),e.s9C("id",n),e.xp6(1),e.hij(" ",a.details.substring(150)," "),e.xp6(1),e.uIk("data-bs-target","#"+n)("aria-controls",n),e.xp6(2),e.Q6J("ngIf",a.phoneNo),e.xp6(1),e.Q6J("ngIf",a.email)}}function I(i,t){if(1&i&&(e.ynx(0),e.YNc(1,R,23,13,"ng-container",18),e.BQk()),2&i){const a=t.index,n=e.oxw(2);e.xp6(1),e.Q6J("ngForOf",n.staffUnderDesignation[a])}}function _(i,t){if(1&i&&(e.TgZ(0,"div",17),e.YNc(1,I,2,1,"ng-container",18),e.qZA()),2&i){const a=e.oxw();e.xp6(1),e.Q6J("ngForOf",a.designationNames)}}function b(i,t){if(1&i&&(e.TgZ(0,"h6",47)(1,"b"),e._uU(2),e.qZA(),e._uU(3),e.qZA()),2&i){const a=e.oxw().$implicit,n=e.oxw().$implicit;e.xp6(2),e.hij("",a,":"),e.xp6(1),e.hij(" ",n[a],"")}}function A(i,t){if(1&i&&(e.ynx(0),e.YNc(1,b,4,2,"h6",49),e.BQk()),2&i){const a=t.$implicit;e.xp6(1),e.Q6J("ngIf","phoneNo"!==a&&"name"!==a&&"email"!==a&&"imgSrc"!==a)}}function w(i,t){if(1&i&&(e.TgZ(0,"h5",47)(1,"a",36),e._uU(2),e.qZA()()),2&i){const a=e.oxw().$implicit;e.xp6(1),e.Q6J("href","callto:"+a.phoneNo,e.LSH),e.xp6(1),e.hij(" ",a.phoneNo,"")}}function j(i,t){if(1&i&&(e.TgZ(0,"h5",51)(1,"a",38),e._uU(2),e.qZA()()),2&i){const a=e.oxw().$implicit;e.xp6(1),e.Q6J("href","mailto:"+a.email,e.LSH),e.xp6(1),e.hij(" ",a.email,"")}}function C(i,t){if(1&i&&(e.ynx(0),e.TgZ(1,"div",41)(2,"section",42)(3,"div",43),e._UZ(4,"img",44),e.TgZ(5,"h3",45),e._uU(6),e.qZA()(),e.TgZ(7,"div",46),e.YNc(8,A,2,1,"ng-container",18),e.TgZ(9,"h6",47),e._uU(10),e.qZA()(),e.TgZ(11,"div",48),e.YNc(12,w,3,2,"h5",49),e.YNc(13,j,3,2,"h5",50),e.qZA()()(),e.BQk()),2&i){const a=t.$implicit,n=e.oxw(3);e.xp6(4),e.Q6J("src",a.imgSrc,e.LSH),e.xp6(2),e.Oqu(a.name),e.xp6(2),e.Q6J("ngForOf",n.getObjectKeys(a)),e.xp6(2),e.Oqu(a.details),e.xp6(2),e.Q6J("ngIf",a.phoneNo),e.xp6(1),e.Q6J("ngIf",a.email)}}function T(i,t){if(1&i&&(e.ynx(0),e.TgZ(1,"h4",40)(2,"b"),e._uU(3),e.qZA()(),e.YNc(4,C,14,6,"ng-container",18),e.BQk()),2&i){const a=t.$implicit,n=t.index,s=e.oxw(2);e.xp6(3),e.Oqu(a),e.xp6(1),e.Q6J("ngForOf",s.staffUnderDesignation[n])}}function k(i,t){if(1&i&&(e.TgZ(0,"div",39),e.YNc(1,T,5,2,"ng-container",18),e.qZA()),2&i){const a=e.oxw();e.xp6(1),e.Q6J("ngForOf",a.designationNames)}}function x(i,t){if(1&i&&(e.TgZ(0,"h6",47),e._uU(1),e.qZA()),2&i){const a=e.oxw().$implicit;e.xp6(1),e.Oqu(a)}}function M(i,t){if(1&i&&(e.ynx(0),e.YNc(1,x,2,1,"h6",49),e.BQk()),2&i){const a=t.$implicit,n=e.oxw().$implicit;e.xp6(1),e.Q6J("ngIf",a!=n.website&&a!=n.name&&a!=n.email&&a!=n.imgSrc)}}function N(i,t){if(1&i&&(e.TgZ(0,"a",56)(1,"span",57),e._uU(2,"Website"),e.qZA()()),2&i){const a=e.oxw().$implicit;e.Q6J("href",a.website,e.LSH)}}function F(i,t){if(1&i&&(e.ynx(0),e.TgZ(1,"div",41)(2,"section",42)(3,"div",43),e._UZ(4,"img",53),e.TgZ(5,"h3",45),e._uU(6),e.qZA()(),e.TgZ(7,"div",46),e.YNc(8,M,2,1,"ng-container",18),e.qZA(),e.TgZ(9,"div",54),e.YNc(10,N,3,1,"a",55),e.qZA()()(),e.BQk()),2&i){const a=t.$implicit,n=e.oxw(2);e.xp6(4),e.Q6J("src",a.imgSrc,e.LSH),e.xp6(2),e.Oqu(a.name),e.xp6(2),e.Q6J("ngForOf",n.getValuesFromJson(a)),e.xp6(2),e.Q6J("ngIf",a.website)}}function E(i,t){if(1&i&&(e.TgZ(0,"div",52),e.YNc(1,F,11,4,"ng-container",18),e.qZA()),2&i){const a=e.oxw();e.xp6(1),e.Q6J("ngForOf",a.staffUnderDesignation)}}const U=[{path:"",component:(()=>{class i{getObjectKeys(a){return Object.keys(a)}constructor(a,n){this.route=a,this.router=n,this.$=$,this.type="",this.dataType="",this.designationNames=[]}ngOnInit(){this.type=this.router.url.split("/").pop();let a=this.route.snapshot.queryParamMap.get("filterBy");switch(this.type){case"faculty":this.dataType="nested",this.processNestedDataForRendering(a?.toString(),m);break;case"formerFaculty":this.dataType="nested",this.processNestedDataForRendering(a?.toString(),h);break;case"visitors":this.processRequestedDataForRendering("Visitors",p);break;case"researchStudents":this.dataType="nested",this.processNestedDataForRendering(a?.toString(),d);break;case"postDoctoralScholars":this.dataType="nested",this.processNestedDataForRendering(a?.toString(),f);break;case"projectStaff":this.dataType="nested",this.processNestedDataForRendering(a?.toString(),u);break;case"officeStaff":this.dataType="nested",this.processNestedDataForRendering(a?.toString(),S)}$(".facultySideNavHighlight>li").children().each((n,s)=>{s.textContent?.replaceAll(" ","").toUpperCase()==this.type.toUpperCase()?$(s).addClass("font-highlight"):$(s).removeClass("font-highlight")})}processNestedDataForRendering(a,n){this.staffUnderDesignation=[];for(var s=0;s{n+=s.charAt(0).toUpperCase()+s.slice(1)+" "}),n}}return i.\u0275fac=function(a){return new(a||i)(e.Y36(o.gz),e.Y36(o.F0))},i.\u0275cmp=e.Xpm({type:i,selectors:[["app-faculty"]],decls:41,vars:4,consts:[[1,"container-fluid","mt-5","px-5"],[1,"row"],[1,"float-start","ps-md-5"],[1,"row","justify-content-center","p-5","mt-0"],[1,"col-md-3","card","shadow","d-none","d-md-table-row","p-5","pt-0","h-100",2,"max-width","fit-content","position","sticky"],[1,"my-4"],[1,"facultySideNavHighlight","card-body"],["routerLink","/people/faculty",1,"font-highlight","nav-link"],["routerLink","/people/formerFaculty",1,"nav-link"],["routerLink","/people/visitors",1,"nav-link"],["routerLink","/people/researchStudents",1,"nav-link"],["routerLink","/people/postDoctoralScholars",1,"nav-link"],["routerLink","/people/projectStaff",1,"nav-link"],["routerLink","/people/officeStaff",1,"nav-link"],["class","px-md-5 pb-md-5 px-1 pb-1 row justify-content-center align-items-center col-12 col-md-9","style","max-height: 100vh;overflow-y: scroll;",4,"ngIf"],["class","px-md-5 pb-md-5 px-1 pb-1 row justify-content-center col-md-9 col-12","style","max-height: 100vh;overflow-y: scroll;",4,"ngIf"],["class","px-md-1 pb-md-5 px-1 pb-1 row justify-content-center col-md-9 col-12","style","max-height: 100vh;overflow-y: scroll;",4,"ngIf"],[1,"px-md-5","pb-md-5","px-1","pb-1","row","justify-content-center","align-items-center","col-12","col-md-9",2,"max-height","100vh","overflow-y","scroll"],[4,"ngFor","ngForOf"],[1,"card","shadow","m-1","p-0"],[1,"card-body","row"],[1,"col-12","col-md-3","img-fluid",2,"border-radius","100px",3,"src"],[1,"col-12","col-md-8","card-text","row"],[1,"col-12",2,"font-weight","bold","font-size","medium"],["target","_blank","style","text-decoration: none; color: rgb(15, 77, 77);",3,"href",4,"ngIf","ngIfElse"],["plainName",""],[1,"col-12","font-weight-bold","font-italic",2,"font-size","small","text-decoration","underline"],[1,"col-12","d-none","d-md-block",2,"font-size","small"],[1,"col-12","d-md-none",2,"font-size","small"],[1,"collapse",2,"margin-left","-4px",3,"id"],["type","button","data-bs-toggle","collapse","aria-expanded","false",1,"col-md-2","btn-text-expand","btn","collapsed","d-md-none","col-sm-3","offset-10","m-1","align-self-end"],[1,"card-footer","row","justify-content-center"],["class","col-md-6 col-12 text-md-center","style","font-size:medium",4,"ngIf"],["class","col-md-6 col-12","style","font-size: medium;",4,"ngIf"],["target","_blank",2,"text-decoration","none","color","rgb(15, 77, 77)",3,"href"],[1,"col-md-6","col-12","text-md-center",2,"font-size","medium"],[1,"fa","fa-phone",3,"href"],[1,"col-md-6","col-12",2,"font-size","medium"],[1,"fa","fa-envelope",3,"href"],[1,"px-md-5","pb-md-5","px-1","pb-1","row","justify-content-center","col-md-9","col-12",2,"max-height","100vh","overflow-y","scroll"],[1,"text-center","text-white","p-2","m-3",2,"background-color","rgb(10, 133, 133)"],[1,"card","col-md-5","m-md-3","col-12","shadow","border-dark-subtle"],[1,"px-1"],[1,"d-flex","card-header","align-items-center"],[1,"card-img","me-3","align-self-start",2,"max-width","150px","max-height","150px",3,"src"],[1,"m-0"],[1,"col-12","card-text","row"],[1,"col-12"],[1,"card-footer","mb-0"],["class","col-12",4,"ngIf"],["class","col-12","style","word-break: break-word;",4,"ngIf"],[1,"col-12",2,"word-break","break-word"],[1,"px-md-1","pb-md-5","px-1","pb-1","row","justify-content-center","col-md-9","col-12",2,"max-height","100vh","overflow-y","scroll"],[1,"card-img","me-3","align-self-start",2,"width","150px","height","150px",3,"src"],[1,"card-footer"],["class","fa fa-globe","target","_blank",3,"href",4,"ngIf"],["target","_blank",1,"fa","fa-globe",3,"href"],[1,"p-1",2,"font-size","medium"]],template:function(a,n){1&a&&(e.TgZ(0,"div",0)(1,"div",1)(2,"h1",2),e._uU(3),e.qZA()()(),e._UZ(4,"hr"),e.TgZ(5,"div",3)(6,"div",4)(7,"h2",5),e._uU(8,"Contents"),e.qZA(),e.TgZ(9,"ol",6)(10,"li")(11,"a",7),e._uU(12,"Faculty"),e.qZA(),e._UZ(13,"br"),e.qZA(),e.TgZ(14,"li")(15,"a",8),e._uU(16,"Former Faculty"),e.qZA(),e._UZ(17,"br"),e.qZA(),e.TgZ(18,"li")(19,"a",9),e._uU(20,"Visitors"),e.qZA(),e._UZ(21,"br"),e.qZA(),e.TgZ(22,"li")(23,"a",10),e._uU(24,"Research Students"),e.qZA(),e._UZ(25,"br"),e.qZA(),e.TgZ(26,"li")(27,"a",11),e._uU(28,"Post Doctoral Scholars"),e.qZA(),e._UZ(29,"br"),e.qZA(),e.TgZ(30,"li")(31,"a",12),e._uU(32,"Project Staff"),e.qZA(),e._UZ(33,"br"),e.qZA(),e.TgZ(34,"li")(35,"a",13),e._uU(36,"Office Staff"),e.qZA()(),e._UZ(37,"hr"),e.qZA()(),e.YNc(38,_,2,1,"div",14),e.YNc(39,k,2,1,"div",15),e.YNc(40,E,2,1,"div",16),e.qZA()),2&a&&(e.xp6(3),e.hij("",n.getTitleFromType(n.type)," Directory"),e.xp6(35),e.Q6J("ngIf","faculty"==n.type||"formerFaculty"==n.type),e.xp6(1),e.Q6J("ngIf","faculty"!=n.type&&"formerFaculty"!=n.type&&"nested"==n.dataType),e.xp6(1),e.Q6J("ngIf","nested"!=n.dataType))},dependencies:[l.sg,l.O5,o.rH],styles:['button.btn.btn-text-expand.collapsed[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:before{content:"..Read more";display:block;width:100px}button.btn.btn-text-expand[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:before{content:"Read less";display:block;width:100px}.font-highlight[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{background:linear-gradient(to left,rgb(30,87,153) 0%,rgb(41,137,216) 50%,rgb(32,124,202) 51%,rgb(125,185,232) 100%);-webkit-background-clip:text;-webkit-text-fill-color:transparent}hr[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{color:#d9a06f}div.d-flex[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{max-width:100%}.fa-phone[_ngcontent-%COMP%], .fa-envelope[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{color:#0949ca}.facultySideNavHighlight[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{list-style-type:none;padding-left:0}.nav-link[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{position:relative;font-size:large}.nav-link[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:after{content:"";position:absolute;width:80%;transform:scaleX(0);height:1px;bottom:0;left:0;background-color:#030303;transform-origin:bottom left;transition:transform .5s}.nav-link[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:hover:after{transform:scaleX(1);transform-origin:bottom left}@media (max-width: 1300px){.card-header[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start}}@media (max-width: 760px){.card-header[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{flex-direction:row;align-items:center}}']}),i})()}];let Z=(()=>{class i{}return i.\u0275fac=function(a){return new(a||i)},i.\u0275mod=e.oAB({type:i}),i.\u0275inj=e.cJS({imports:[o.Bz.forChild(U),o.Bz]}),i})(),W=(()=>{class i{}return i.\u0275fac=function(a){return new(a||i)},i.\u0275mod=e.oAB({type:i}),i.\u0275inj=e.cJS({imports:[l.ez,Z]}),i})()}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/404.html b/docs/404.html index 3c1167b5..365b8bbd 100644 --- a/docs/404.html +++ b/docs/404.html @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ - Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR) – IISc Bangalore + Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR) – IISc Bengaluru - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/443.243c7ae63199039f.js b/docs/443.243c7ae63199039f.js new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1bbe71b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/443.243c7ae63199039f.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkIISC_ICWaR=self.webpackChunkIISC_ICWaR||[]).push([[443],{443:(M,d,c)=>{c.r(d),c.d(d,{PeopleModule:()=>j});var p=c(895),s=c(322),r=c(341),e=(c(259),c(256));function g(n,i){if(1&n&&(e.TgZ(0,"a",35),e._uU(1),e.qZA()),2&n){const t=e.oxw().$implicit;e.Q6J("href",t.website,e.LSH),e.xp6(1),e.Oqu(t.name)}}function m(n,i){if(1&n&&e._uU(0),2&n){const t=e.oxw().$implicit;e.Oqu(t.name)}}function f(n,i){if(1&n&&(e.TgZ(0,"h5",36)(1,"a",37),e._uU(2),e.qZA()()),2&n){const t=e.oxw().$implicit;e.xp6(1),e.Q6J("href","callto:"+t.phoneNo,e.LSH),e.xp6(1),e.hij(" ",t.phoneNo,"")}}function u(n,i){if(1&n&&(e.TgZ(0,"h5",38)(1,"a",39),e._uU(2),e.qZA()()),2&n){const t=e.oxw().$implicit;e.xp6(1),e.Q6J("href","mailto:"+t.email,e.LSH),e.xp6(1),e.hij(" ",t.email,"")}}function h(n,i){if(1&n&&(e.ynx(0),e.TgZ(1,"div",19)(2,"div",20),e._UZ(3,"img",21),e.TgZ(4,"div",22)(5,"h5",23),e.YNc(6,g,2,2,"a",24),e.YNc(7,m,1,1,"ng-template",null,25,e.W1O),e.qZA(),e.TgZ(9,"h6",26)(10,"b"),e._uU(11),e.qZA()(),e.TgZ(12,"p",27),e._uU(13),e.qZA(),e.TgZ(14,"p",28)(15,"b"),e._uU(16,"Research Interests: "),e.qZA(),e._uU(17),e.qZA(),e.TgZ(18,"section",29)(19,"div",30)(20,"p"),e._uU(21),e.qZA(),e._UZ(22,"br"),e.TgZ(23,"p")(24,"b"),e._uU(25,"Research Interests: "),e.qZA(),e._uU(26),e.qZA()(),e._UZ(27,"button",31),e.qZA()()(),e.TgZ(28,"div",32),e.YNc(29,f,3,2,"h5",33),e.YNc(30,u,3,2,"h5",34),e.qZA()(),e.BQk()),2&n){const t=i.$implicit,o=i.index,a=e.MAs(8);e.xp6(3),e.Q6J("src",t.imgSrc,e.LSH),e.xp6(3),e.Q6J("ngIf",t.website)("ngIfElse",a),e.xp6(5),e.AsE("",t.Designation,", ",t.department,""),e.xp6(2),e.Oqu(t.details),e.xp6(4),e.hij(" ",t.researchInterest,""),e.xp6(2),e.s9C("id",o),e.xp6(2),e.Oqu(t.details),e.xp6(5),e.Oqu(t.researchInterest),e.xp6(1),e.uIk("data-bs-target","#"+o)("aria-controls",o),e.xp6(2),e.Q6J("ngIf",t.phoneNo),e.xp6(1),e.Q6J("ngIf",t.email)}}function x(n,i){if(1&n&&(e.ynx(0),e.YNc(1,h,31,14,"ng-container",18),e.BQk()),2&n){const t=i.index,o=e.oxw(2);e.xp6(1),e.Q6J("ngForOf",o.staffUnderDesignation[t])}}function b(n,i){if(1&n&&(e.TgZ(0,"div",17),e.YNc(1,x,2,1,"ng-container",18),e.qZA()),2&n){const t=e.oxw();e.xp6(1),e.Q6J("ngForOf",t.designationNames)}}function v(n,i){if(1&n){const t=e.EpF();e.TgZ(0,"li",43)(1,"button",44),e.NdJ("click",function(){const l=e.CHM(t).$implicit,_=e.oxw(2);return e.KtG(_.activeTab=l)}),e._uU(2),e.qZA()()}if(2&n){const t=i.$implicit,o=e.oxw(2);e.xp6(1),e.ekj("active",o.activeTab===t),e.xp6(1),e.Oqu(t)}}function Z(n,i){if(1&n&&(e.TgZ(0,"a",35),e._uU(1),e.qZA()),2&n){const t=e.oxw().$implicit;e.Q6J("href",t.website,e.LSH),e.xp6(1),e.Oqu(t.name)}}function T(n,i){if(1&n&&e._uU(0),2&n){const t=e.oxw().$implicit;e.Oqu(t.name)}}function y(n,i){if(1&n&&(e.TgZ(0,"h6",26)(1,"b"),e._uU(2),e.qZA(),e._uU(3),e.qZA()),2&n){const t=e.oxw().$implicit,o=e.oxw().$implicit;e.xp6(2),e.hij("",t,":"),e.xp6(1),e.hij(" ",o[t],"")}}function w(n,i){if(1&n&&(e.ynx(0),e.YNc(1,y,4,2,"h6",52),e.BQk()),2&n){const t=i.$implicit;e.xp6(1),e.Q6J("ngIf","phoneNo"!==t&&"name"!==t&&"email"!==t&&"imgSrc"!==t&&"website"!==t)}}function C(n,i){if(1&n&&(e.TgZ(0,"h5",26)(1,"a",37),e._uU(2),e.qZA()()),2&n){const t=e.oxw().$implicit;e.xp6(1),e.Q6J("href","callto:"+t.phoneNo,e.LSH),e.xp6(1),e.hij(" ",t.phoneNo,"")}}function k(n,i){if(1&n&&(e.TgZ(0,"h5",54)(1,"a",39),e._uU(2),e.qZA()()),2&n){const t=e.oxw().$implicit;e.xp6(1),e.Q6J("href","mailto:"+t.email,e.LSH),e.xp6(1),e.hij(" ",t.email,"")}}function A(n,i){if(1&n&&(e.ynx(0),e.TgZ(1,"div",46)(2,"section",47)(3,"div",48),e._UZ(4,"img",49),e.TgZ(5,"h3"),e.YNc(6,Z,2,2,"a",24),e.YNc(7,T,1,1,"ng-template",null,25,e.W1O),e.qZA()(),e.TgZ(9,"div",50),e.YNc(10,w,2,1,"ng-container",18),e.TgZ(11,"h6",26),e._uU(12),e.qZA()(),e.TgZ(13,"div",51),e.YNc(14,C,3,2,"h5",52),e.YNc(15,k,3,2,"h5",53),e.qZA()()(),e.BQk()),2&n){const t=i.$implicit,o=e.MAs(8),a=e.oxw(4);e.xp6(4),e.Q6J("src",t.imgSrc,e.LSH),e.xp6(2),e.Q6J("ngIf",t.website)("ngIfElse",o),e.xp6(4),e.Q6J("ngForOf",a.getObjectKeys(t)),e.xp6(2),e.Oqu(t.details),e.xp6(2),e.Q6J("ngIf",t.phoneNo),e.xp6(1),e.Q6J("ngIf",t.email)}}function q(n,i){if(1&n&&(e.TgZ(0,"div",1),e.YNc(1,A,16,7,"ng-container",18),e.qZA()),2&n){const t=e.oxw().index,o=e.oxw(2);e.xp6(1),e.Q6J("ngForOf",o.staffUnderDesignation[t])}}function P(n,i){if(1&n&&(e.ynx(0),e.YNc(1,q,2,1,"div",45),e.BQk()),2&n){const t=i.$implicit,o=e.oxw(2);e.xp6(1),e.Q6J("ngIf",o.activeTab===t)}}function U(n,i){if(1&n&&(e.TgZ(0,"div",40)(1,"ul",41),e.YNc(2,v,3,3,"li",42),e.qZA(),e.YNc(3,P,2,1,"ng-container",18),e.qZA()),2&n){const t=e.oxw();e.xp6(2),e.Q6J("ngForOf",t.designationNames),e.xp6(1),e.Q6J("ngForOf",t.designationNames)}}function N(n,i){if(1&n&&(e.TgZ(0,"h6",26),e._uU(1),e.qZA()),2&n){const t=e.oxw().$implicit;e.xp6(1),e.Oqu(t)}}function O(n,i){if(1&n&&(e.ynx(0),e.YNc(1,N,2,1,"h6",52),e.BQk()),2&n){const t=i.$implicit,o=e.oxw().$implicit;e.xp6(1),e.Q6J("ngIf",t!=o.website&&t!=o.name&&t!=o.email&&t!=o.imgSrc)}}function S(n,i){if(1&n&&(e.TgZ(0,"a",60)(1,"span",61),e._uU(2,"Website"),e.qZA()()),2&n){const t=e.oxw().$implicit;e.Q6J("href",t.website,e.LSH)}}function F(n,i){if(1&n&&(e.ynx(0),e.TgZ(1,"div",46)(2,"section",47)(3,"div",48),e._UZ(4,"img",56),e.TgZ(5,"h3",57),e._uU(6),e.qZA()(),e.TgZ(7,"div",50),e.YNc(8,O,2,1,"ng-container",18),e.qZA(),e.TgZ(9,"div",58),e.YNc(10,S,3,1,"a",59),e.qZA()()(),e.BQk()),2&n){const t=i.$implicit,o=e.oxw(2);e.xp6(4),e.Q6J("src",t.imgSrc,e.LSH),e.xp6(2),e.Oqu(t.name),e.xp6(2),e.Q6J("ngForOf",o.getValuesFromJson(t)),e.xp6(2),e.Q6J("ngIf",t.website)}}function I(n,i){if(1&n&&(e.TgZ(0,"div",55),e.YNc(1,F,11,4,"ng-container",18),e.qZA()),2&n){const t=e.oxw();e.xp6(1),e.Q6J("ngForOf",t.staffUnderDesignation)}}const Q=[{path:"",component:(()=>{class n{getObjectKeys(t){return Object.keys(t)}constructor(t,o){this.route=t,this.router=o,this.$=$,this.designationNames=[],this.type="",this.dataType="",this.activeTab="Current"}ngOnInit(){this.type=this.router.url.split("/").pop();let t=this.route.snapshot.queryParamMap.get("filterBy");switch(this.type){case"faculty":this.dataType="nested",this.processNestedDataForRendering(t?.toString(),r.ld);break;case"formerFaculty":this.dataType="nested",this.processNestedDataForRendering(t?.toString(),r.n9);break;case"visitors":this.processRequestedDataForRendering("Visitors",r.st);break;case"researchStudents":this.dataType="nested",this.processNestedDataForRendering(t?.toString(),r.pu);break;case"postDoctoralScholars":this.dataType="nested",this.processNestedDataForRendering(t?.toString(),r.AA);break;case"projectStaff":this.dataType="nested",this.processNestedDataForRendering(t?.toString(),r.Bz);break;case"officeStaff":this.dataType="nested",this.processNestedDataForRendering(t?.toString(),r.UL)}$(".facultySideNavHighlight>li").children().each((o,a)=>{a.textContent?.replaceAll(" ","").toUpperCase()==this.type.toUpperCase()?$(a).addClass("font-highlight"):$(a).removeClass("font-highlight")}),this.designationNames.length>0&&!this.designationNames.includes(this.activeTab)&&(this.activeTab=this.designationNames[0])}processNestedDataForRendering(t,o){this.staffUnderDesignation=[];for(var a=0;a0&&!this.designationNames.includes(this.activeTab)&&(this.activeTab=this.designationNames[0])}processRequestedDataForRendering(t,o){this.designationNames.push(t),this.staffUnderDesignation=o,this.activeTab=t}getKeysFromJson(t){return Object.keys(t)}getValuesFromJson(t){return Object.values(t)}getTitleFromType(t){var o="";return t.split(/(?=[A-Z])/).forEach(a=>{o+=a.charAt(0).toUpperCase()+a.slice(1)+" "}),o}}return n.\u0275fac=function(t){return new(t||n)(e.Y36(s.gz),e.Y36(s.F0))},n.\u0275cmp=e.Xpm({type:n,selectors:[["app-faculty"]],decls:42,vars:4,consts:[[1,"container-fluid","mt-3","px-5"],[1,"row"],[1,"float-start","ps-md-5"],[1,"row","justify-content-center","px-5","mt-0"],[1,"col-md-3","card","shadow","d-none","d-md-table-row","p-5","pt-0","h-100",2,"max-width","fit-content","position","sticky"],[1,"my-4"],[1,"facultySideNavHighlight","card-body"],["routerLink","/people/faculty",1,"font-highlight","nav-link"],["routerLink","/people/formerFaculty",1,"nav-link"],["routerLink","/people/visitors",1,"nav-link"],["routerLink","/people/researchStudents",1,"nav-link"],["routerLink","/people/postDoctoralScholars",1,"nav-link"],["routerLink","/people/projectStaff",1,"nav-link"],["routerLink","/people/officeStaff",1,"nav-link"],["class","px-md-5 pb-md-5 px-1 pb-1 row justify-content-center align-items-center col-12 col-md-9",4,"ngIf"],["class","px-md-5 pb-md-5 px-1 pb-1 row justify-content-center col-md-9 col-12",4,"ngIf"],["class","px-md-1 pb-md-5 px-1 pb-1 row justify-content-center col-md-9 col-12",4,"ngIf"],[1,"px-md-5","pb-md-5","px-1","pb-1","row","justify-content-center","align-items-center","col-12","col-md-9"],[4,"ngFor","ngForOf"],[1,"card","shadow","m-1","p-0"],[1,"card-body","row"],[1,"col-12","col-md-3","img-fluid",2,"height","200px","width","200px","border-radius","50px",3,"src"],[1,"col-12","col-md-9","card-text","row"],[1,"col-12","mt-2",2,"font-weight","bold"],["target","_blank","style","text-decoration: none; color: rgb(43, 102, 158);",3,"href",4,"ngIf","ngIfElse"],["plainName",""],[1,"col-12"],[1,"col-12","d-none","d-md-block","font-italic"],[1,"col-12","d-none","d-md-block",2,"text-align","justify"],[1,"col-12","d-md-none"],[1,"collapse",2,"text-align","justify",3,"id"],["type","button","data-bs-toggle","collapse","aria-expanded","false",1,"btn-text-expand","btn","collapsed","d-md-none","col-sm-3","offset-10","m-1","align-self-end","float-end"],[1,"card-footer","row","mx-2","justify-content-center"],["class","col-md-6 col-12 text-md-center","style","font-size:medium",4,"ngIf"],["class","col-md-6 col-12","style","font-size: medium;",4,"ngIf"],["target","_blank",2,"text-decoration","none","color","rgb(43, 102, 158)",3,"href"],[1,"col-md-6","col-12","text-md-center",2,"font-size","medium"],[1,"fa","fa-phone",3,"href"],[1,"col-md-6","col-12",2,"font-size","medium"],[1,"fa","fa-envelope",3,"href"],[1,"px-md-5","pb-md-5","px-1","pb-1","row","justify-content-center","col-md-9","col-12"],["id","staffTabs","role","tablist",1,"nav","nav-tabs"],["class","nav-item","role","presentation",4,"ngFor","ngForOf"],["role","presentation",1,"nav-item"],["type","button","role","tab","aria-selected","activeTab === parent",1,"nav-link",3,"click"],["class","row",4,"ngIf"],[1,"card","col-md-5","m-md-3","col-12","shadow","border-dark-subtle","mb-1"],[1,"px-1"],[1,"d-flex","card-header","align-items-center"],[1,"card-img","me-3","align-self-start",2,"max-width","150px","max-height","150px",3,"src"],[1,"col-12","card-text","row"],[1,"card-footer","mb-0"],["class","col-12",4,"ngIf"],["class","col-12","style","word-break: break-word;",4,"ngIf"],[1,"col-12",2,"word-break","break-word"],[1,"px-md-1","pb-md-5","px-1","pb-1","row","justify-content-center","col-md-9","col-12"],[1,"card-img","me-3","align-self-start",2,"width","150px","height","150px",3,"src"],[1,"m-0"],[1,"card-footer"],["class","fa fa-globe","target","_blank",3,"href",4,"ngIf"],["target","_blank",1,"fa","fa-globe",3,"href"],[1,"p-1",2,"font-size","medium"]],template:function(t,o){1&t&&(e.TgZ(0,"div",0)(1,"div",1)(2,"h2",2)(3,"b"),e._uU(4),e.qZA()()()(),e._UZ(5,"hr"),e.TgZ(6,"div",3)(7,"div",4)(8,"h2",5),e._uU(9,"Contents"),e.qZA(),e.TgZ(10,"ol",6)(11,"li")(12,"a",7),e._uU(13,"Faculty"),e.qZA(),e._UZ(14,"br"),e.qZA(),e.TgZ(15,"li")(16,"a",8),e._uU(17,"Former Faculty"),e.qZA(),e._UZ(18,"br"),e.qZA(),e.TgZ(19,"li")(20,"a",9),e._uU(21,"Visitors"),e.qZA(),e._UZ(22,"br"),e.qZA(),e.TgZ(23,"li")(24,"a",10),e._uU(25,"Research Students"),e.qZA(),e._UZ(26,"br"),e.qZA(),e.TgZ(27,"li")(28,"a",11),e._uU(29,"Post Doctoral Scholars"),e.qZA(),e._UZ(30,"br"),e.qZA(),e.TgZ(31,"li")(32,"a",12),e._uU(33,"Project Staff"),e.qZA(),e._UZ(34,"br"),e.qZA(),e.TgZ(35,"li")(36,"a",13),e._uU(37,"Office Staff"),e.qZA()(),e._UZ(38,"hr"),e.qZA()(),e.YNc(39,b,2,1,"div",14),e.YNc(40,U,4,2,"div",15),e.YNc(41,I,2,1,"div",16),e.qZA()),2&t&&(e.xp6(4),e.hij("",o.getTitleFromType(o.type)," Directory"),e.xp6(35),e.Q6J("ngIf","faculty"==o.type||"formerFaculty"==o.type),e.xp6(1),e.Q6J("ngIf","faculty"!=o.type&&"formerFaculty"!=o.type&&"nested"==o.dataType),e.xp6(1),e.Q6J("ngIf","nested"!=o.dataType))},dependencies:[p.sg,p.O5,s.rH],styles:['button.btn.btn-text-expand.collapsed[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:before{content:"..Read more";display:block;width:100px}button.btn.btn-text-expand[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:before{content:"Read less";display:block;width:100px}.font-highlight[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{background:linear-gradient(to left,rgb(30,87,153) 0%,rgb(41,137,216) 50%,rgb(32,124,202) 51%,rgb(125,185,232) 100%);-webkit-background-clip:text;-webkit-text-fill-color:transparent}hr[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{color:#d9a06f}div.d-flex[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{max-width:100%}.fa-phone[_ngcontent-%COMP%], .fa-envelope[_ngcontent-%COMP%], .fa-globe[_ngcontent-%COMP%], .fa-email[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{color:#0949ca;text-decoration:none}.facultySideNavHighlight[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{list-style-type:none;padding-left:0}.nav-link[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{position:relative;font-size:large}.nav-link[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:after{content:"";position:absolute;width:80%;transform:scaleX(0);height:1px;bottom:0;left:0;background-color:#030303;transform-origin:bottom left;transition:transform .5s}.nav-link[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:hover:after{transform:scaleX(1);transform-origin:bottom left}@media (max-width: 1300px){.card-header[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start}}@media (max-width: 760px){.card-header[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{flex-direction:row;align-items:center}}@media (max-width: 440px){.card-header[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{flex-direction:column}}']}),n})()}];let J=(()=>{class n{}return n.\u0275fac=function(t){return new(t||n)},n.\u0275mod=e.oAB({type:n}),n.\u0275inj=e.cJS({imports:[s.Bz.forChild(Q),s.Bz]}),n})(),j=(()=>{class n{}return n.\u0275fac=function(t){return new(t||n)},n.\u0275mod=e.oAB({type:n}),n.\u0275inj=e.cJS({imports:[p.ez,J]}),n})()}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/CNAME b/docs/CNAME new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6b6877af --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/CNAME @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +icwar.iisc.ac.in diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Book_F.gif b/docs/assets/images/Book_F.gif new file mode 100644 index 00000000..44994412 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Book_F.gif differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Book_N.gif b/docs/assets/images/Book_N.gif new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a073da98 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Book_N.gif differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/AnionsCations_Detector.webp b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/AnionsCations_Detector.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9e99f9a0 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/AnionsCations_Detector.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/BacteriologicalAnalysis_Detector.webp b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/BacteriologicalAnalysis_Detector.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0223236b Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/BacteriologicalAnalysis_Detector.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/BasicParameters_Detector.webp b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/BasicParameters_Detector.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f8954f8f Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/BasicParameters_Detector.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/Cluster1.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/Cluster1.jpg index 273e39ad..b7ebf20f 100644 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/Cluster1.jpg and b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/Cluster1.jpg differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/Cluster1.webp b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/Cluster1.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..dc4a627f Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/Cluster1.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/Cluster2.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/Cluster2.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 374a6a12..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/Cluster2.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/Cluster2.webp b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/Cluster2.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d0e85cea Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/Cluster2.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/Cover_Page_C&F.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/Cover_Page_C&F.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index e9182e04..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/Cover_Page_C&F.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/DGPS_ICWaR.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/DGPS_ICWaR.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 426352e5..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/DGPS_ICWaR.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/DGPS_ICWaR.webp b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/DGPS_ICWaR.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..25e959df Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/DGPS_ICWaR.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/HPC Clusters_ICWaR.webp b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/HPC Clusters_ICWaR.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cccab8d3 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/HPC Clusters_ICWaR.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/ICP-MS_ICWaR.webp b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/ICP-MS_ICWaR.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0fbfc720 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/ICP-MS_ICWaR.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/ICPMS.webp b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/ICPMS.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..914ac414 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/ICPMS.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/IC_ICWaR.webp b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/IC_ICWaR.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6b01e1da Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/IC_ICWaR.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/IoT_inaug.png b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/IoT_inaug.png deleted file mode 100644 index 97f3c50c..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/IoT_inaug.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/New_B1.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/New_B1.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index fe88ef7a..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/New_B1.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/New_B1.webp b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/New_B1.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2c3ac563 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/New_B1.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/New_B2.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/New_B2.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 26362dd3..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/New_B2.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/New_B2.webp b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/New_B2.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e9216764 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/New_B2.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/New_B3.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/New_B3.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index c5e5dc92..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/New_B3.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/New_B4.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/New_B4.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 28d6903d..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/New_B4.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/New_B5.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/New_B5.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index b82a3233..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/New_B5.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/New_B6.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/New_B6.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 42f125c5..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/New_B6.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/New_B7.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/New_B7.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index a1407ae0..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/New_B7.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/New_B8.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/New_B8.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 9b24bfb9..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/New_B8.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/New_B9.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/New_B9.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index aac972b0..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/New_B9.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/SMTMS.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/SMTMS.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index ea3374a7..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/SMTMS.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/SMTMS.webp b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/SMTMS.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9472e0b9 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/SMTMS.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/STMS.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/STMS.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index a1925df4..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/STMS.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/STMS.webp b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/STMS.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2256405e Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Centres and Facilities/STMS.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Digital-Water-Drop-removebg-preview.png b/docs/assets/images/Digital-Water-Drop-removebg-preview.png deleted file mode 100644 index ba9976fe..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Digital-Water-Drop-removebg-preview.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Digital-Water-Drop-removebg-preview.webp b/docs/assets/images/Digital-Water-Drop-removebg-preview.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2e29af2f Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Digital-Water-Drop-removebg-preview.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/BDV.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/BDV.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index bf743afe..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/BDV.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/DNageshKumar.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/DNageshKumar.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 0ce849f4..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/DNageshKumar.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Dr.BramhaDV.webp b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Dr.BramhaDV.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..413f011f Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Dr.BramhaDV.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Dr.JishaJoseph.webp b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Dr.JishaJoseph.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e4a77c27 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Dr.JishaJoseph.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Dr.LakshminarayanaRao.webp b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Dr.LakshminarayanaRao.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..78d7e16c Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Dr.LakshminarayanaRao.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Dr.ManikantaV.webp b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Dr.ManikantaV.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8d186e8d Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Dr.ManikantaV.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Dr.MayaRSuryawanshi.webp b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Dr.MayaRSuryawanshi.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..77528e59 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Dr.MayaRSuryawanshi.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Dr.RajarshiDB.webp b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Dr.RajarshiDB.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7ae8f656 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Dr.RajarshiDB.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Dr.SanjivSambandan.webp b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Dr.SanjivSambandan.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b2c612f1 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Dr.SanjivSambandan.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Dr.SoumiDutta.webp b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Dr.SoumiDutta.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7a563751 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Dr.SoumiDutta.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Dr.ThejnaT.webp b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Dr.ThejnaT.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..29fd1ab7 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Dr.ThejnaT.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Mohan Kumar S.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Mohan Kumar S.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index e127419d..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Mohan Kumar S.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/PRamamurthy.png b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/PRamamurthy.png deleted file mode 100644 index 05aa62c2..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/PRamamurthy.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.DNageshKumar.webp b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.DNageshKumar.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..81688ea3 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.DNageshKumar.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.GBala.webp b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.GBala.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ca3944d4 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.GBala.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.MSMohanKumar.webp b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.MSMohanKumar.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..99e3874c Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.MSMohanKumar.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.MSekhar.webp b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.MSekhar.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..fcfc57dd Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.MSekhar.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.PGhosh.webp b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.PGhosh.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5834b2d5 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.PGhosh.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.PradeepPMujumdar.webp b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.PradeepPMujumdar.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d350f561 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.PradeepPMujumdar.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.PraveenCR.webp b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.PraveenCR.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..fbaf6d88 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.PraveenCR.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.RamanandaChakrabarti.webp b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.RamanandaChakrabarti.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9ff55bec Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.RamanandaChakrabarti.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.S.Subramanian.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.S.Subramanian.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 5ef72353..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.S.Subramanian.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.S.Subramanian.webp b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.S.Subramanian.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..da768dd3 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.S.Subramanian.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.UtpalSTatu.webp b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.UtpalSTatu.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..070de069 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.UtpalSTatu.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.VVSrinivas.webp b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.VVSrinivas.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d546b3b4 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.VVSrinivas.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.VenugopalV.webp b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.VenugopalV.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7351c950 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/Prof.VenugopalV.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/RDB.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/RDB.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 435fc631..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/RDB.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/SoumitaB.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/SoumitaB.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 0069f31b..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/SoumitaB.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/ThejnaT.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/ThejnaT.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 3e6e8e1e..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/ThejnaT.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/VVS.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/VVS.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index c7381a4b..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/VVS.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/gbala.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/gbala.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index a3a8db67..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/gbala.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/lakshminarayanarao.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/lakshminarayanarao.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index ffa3be5b..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/lakshminarayanarao.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/pgosh.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/pgosh.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index fe8bab3e..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/pgosh.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/ppm.png b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/ppm.png deleted file mode 100644 index 3cdcfb91..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/ppm.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/ramananda.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/ramananda.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 0a8b82cb..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/ramananda.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/sanjeevs.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/sanjeevs.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 1593b626..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/sanjeevs.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/sekharm.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/sekharm.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 5b21e076..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/sekharm.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/venugopal.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Faculty/venugopal.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index a0d3d98a..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Faculty/venugopal.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/GRACE.jpeg b/docs/assets/images/GRACE.jpeg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..eab724bb Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/GRACE.jpeg differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_1.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_1.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 125a281b..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_1.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_10.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_10.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 860d8055..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_10.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_10.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_10.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..48af6fa2 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_10.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_11.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_11.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 7c9d9fe0..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_11.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_11.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_11.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4372a58d Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_11.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_12.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_12.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 3923abd1..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_12.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_12.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_12.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a2889180 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_12.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_2.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_2.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index bdbf72e7..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_2.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_2.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_2.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7546b543 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_2.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_3.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_3.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index a5a64487..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_3.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_3.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_3.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..542a94e2 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_3.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_4.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_4.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index d87e44ef..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_4.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_4.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_4.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..dae23e0e Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_4.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_5.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_5.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 3744da9c..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_5.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_5.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_5.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..bf7b8c55 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_5.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_6.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_6.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index c7ce0a34..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_6.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_6.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_6.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..dee7b8df Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_6.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_7.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_7.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 2c9871a8..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_7.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_7.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_7.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..24ae658e Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_7.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_8.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_8.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 975599b0..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_8.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_8.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_8.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e601cc97 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_8.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_9.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_9.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index c0a1f9d8..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_9.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_9.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_9.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f66b8b7a Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_9.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/1.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/1.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..27ce8009 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/1.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/10.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/10.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0790729c Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/10.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/11.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/11.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ff964ba0 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/11.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/12.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/12.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ce0fd673 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/12.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/13.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/13.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ef3a75c3 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/13.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/14.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/14.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f5a7aa5e Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/14.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/15.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/15.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7c50051d Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/15.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/16.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/16.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ec0e494e Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/16.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/17.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/17.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b3d3cdb1 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/17.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/18.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/18.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d2e05adc Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/18.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/19.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/19.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..32fa5441 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/19.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/2.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/2.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4aebb30f Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/2.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/3.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/3.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4569d085 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/3.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/4.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/4.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7fef47f7 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/4.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/5.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/5.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..be494610 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/5.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/6.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/6.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..38166075 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/6.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/7.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/7.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b3d2dc6c Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/7.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/8.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/8.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3e4c1dbe Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/8.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/9.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/9.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..676ddd1f Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/9.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/ICWaR_Newsletter_Cover_2024.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/ICWaR_Newsletter_Cover_2024.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6ddc7740 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/ICWaR_Newsletter_Cover_2024.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2019/OD_2019_1.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2019/OD_2019_1.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index a34c43fd..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2019/OD_2019_1.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2019/OD_2019_2.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2019/OD_2019_2.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 4b461db7..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2019/OD_2019_2.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2019/OD_2019_3.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2019/OD_2019_3.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index df9e1b48..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2019/OD_2019_3.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2019/OD_2019_4.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2019/OD_2019_4.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index c5b608d4..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2019/OD_2019_4.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2019/OD_2019_5.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2019/OD_2019_5.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 457fde9f..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2019/OD_2019_5.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2019/OD_2019_6.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2019/OD_2019_6.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index ea3fb18c..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2019/OD_2019_6.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2019/OD_2019_7.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2019/OD_2019_7.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 98a22f3e..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2019/OD_2019_7.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2019/OD_2019_8.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2019/OD_2019_8.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index bd81c3b5..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2019/OD_2019_8.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2019/OD_2019_9.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2019/OD_2019_9.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 14cfa5b7..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2019/OD_2019_9.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2020/OD_2020_1.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2020/OD_2020_1.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index b1e9f719..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2020/OD_2020_1.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2020/OD_2020_2.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2020/OD_2020_2.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 3efa82e4..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2020/OD_2020_2.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2020/OD_2020_3.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2020/OD_2020_3.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 806cb2cc..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2020/OD_2020_3.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2020/OD_2020_4.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2020/OD_2020_4.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 727e8b2b..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2020/OD_2020_4.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2020/OD_2020_5.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2020/OD_2020_5.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 567165e3..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2020/OD_2020_5.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2020/OD_2020_6.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2020/OD_2020_6.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 334c6652..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2020/OD_2020_6.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2020/OD_2020_7.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2020/OD_2020_7.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 1952cf14..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2020/OD_2020_7.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2020/OD_2020_8.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2020/OD_2020_8.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 920057e5..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2020/OD_2020_8.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2020/OD_2020_9.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2020/OD_2020_9.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 1ab59cda..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2020/OD_2020_9.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_1.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_1.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index da1dfdbb..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_1.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_1.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_1.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..98cf5087 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_1.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_10.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_10.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 5b9b81d4..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_10.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_10.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_10.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c1e01046 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_10.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_11.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_11.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 8d410a26..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_11.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_11.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_11.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e431f8c4 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_11.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_2.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_2.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 7377b9a0..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_2.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_2.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_2.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..770fc6c0 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_2.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_3.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_3.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 6c4c33f1..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_3.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_3.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_3.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b8ec924d Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_3.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_4.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_4.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 1d553f2b..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_4.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_4.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_4.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5ecbe8e5 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_4.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_5.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_5.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 5f584c7f..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_5.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_5.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_5.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7d82712a Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_5.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_6.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_6.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index a9f38d11..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_6.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_6.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_6.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c6df23da Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_6.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_7.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_7.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index d0eccc0f..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_7.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_7.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_7.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..20a79825 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_7.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_8.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_8.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 7e3e24d5..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_8.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_8.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_8.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7d134632 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_8.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_9.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_9.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 2b0d0a62..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_9.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_9.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_9.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..fc0ba859 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_9.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_1.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_1.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5b27152f Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_1.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_10.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_10.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..650b7968 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_10.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_11.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_11.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ed2738a9 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_11.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_12.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_12.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6b810909 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_12.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_13.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_13.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..48f0260c Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_13.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_14.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_14.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b0cc92d3 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_14.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_15.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_15.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8212eeff Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_15.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_16.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_16.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8a88f855 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_16.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_17.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_17.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..891c016b Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_17.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_18.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_18.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3eda47f7 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_18.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_2.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_2.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..adf74efe Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_2.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_3.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_3.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8091842d Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_3.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_4.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_4.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ceb1ea91 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_4.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_5.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_5.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b80b6a7d Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_5.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_6.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_6.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e87c9892 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_6.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_7.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_7.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..39ed8988 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_7.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_8.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_8.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e5af6786 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_8.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_9.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_9.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..eda629e8 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_9.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_1.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_1.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..27be7b07 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_1.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_10.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_10.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..bcc62cad Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_10.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_11.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_11.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f84666df Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_11.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_12.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_12.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..def8712c Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_12.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_13.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_13.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..394b46f7 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_13.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_14.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_14.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c621cb3d Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_14.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_15.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_15.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..10e2adc8 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_15.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_2.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_2.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9dc5c54d Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_2.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_3.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_3.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0aed5a31 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_3.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_4.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_4.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f8ff3076 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_4.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_5.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_5.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ac660f0a Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_5.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_6.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_6.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..14991551 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_6.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_7.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_7.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..53cfa930 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_7.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_8.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_8.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3abb206d Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_8.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_9.webp b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_9.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f16f9cc2 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_9.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/ArpitaMondal.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/ArpitaMondal.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 2c9081ad..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/ArpitaMondal.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/ArpitaMondal.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/ArpitaMondal.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..478490b8 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/ArpitaMondal.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/BNGoswami.png b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/BNGoswami.png deleted file mode 100644 index 7a81018d..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/BNGoswami.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/BNGoswami.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/BNGoswami.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..eb1b399c Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/BNGoswami.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/David_Schenkel.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/David_Schenkel.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3f09c155 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/David_Schenkel.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dev_Niyogi.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dev_Niyogi.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 8c79802e..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dev_Niyogi.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dev_Niyogi.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dev_Niyogi.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a88e66d8 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dev_Niyogi.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.-Gilles-Boulet.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.-Gilles-Boulet.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 8a0d7f82..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.-Gilles-Boulet.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.-Gilles-Boulet.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.-Gilles-Boulet.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..27cc48c5 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.-Gilles-Boulet.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Aavudai_Anandhi.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Aavudai_Anandhi.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 5384bca6..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Aavudai_Anandhi.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Aavudai_Anandhi.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Aavudai_Anandhi.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ea38fd4a Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Aavudai_Anandhi.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Aditi_Bhaskar.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Aditi_Bhaskar.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 2ad3bc41..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Aditi_Bhaskar.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Aditi_Bhaskar.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Aditi_Bhaskar.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..61148b50 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Aditi_Bhaskar.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Alakananda_Karthick.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Alakananda_Karthick.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..dca21dc8 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Alakananda_Karthick.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Alan_Jenkins.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Alan_Jenkins.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 83554563..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Alan_Jenkins.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Alan_Jenkins.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Alan_Jenkins.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..34bec618 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Alan_Jenkins.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Albert_Ruhi.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Albert_Ruhi.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index b12a6762..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Albert_Ruhi.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Albert_Ruhi.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Albert_Ruhi.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0efd72d3 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Albert_Ruhi.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Aleah_Sommers.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Aleah_Sommers.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..69f6843f Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Aleah_Sommers.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Anil_Kulkarni.png b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Anil_Kulkarni.png deleted file mode 100644 index 89321507..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Anil_Kulkarni.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Anil_Kulkarni.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Anil_Kulkarni.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ae7f3fc0 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Anil_Kulkarni.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Atul_Kumar_Sahai.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Atul_Kumar_Sahai.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 6ae282ff..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Atul_Kumar_Sahai.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Atul_Kumar_Sahai.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Atul_Kumar_Sahai.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0fef6332 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Atul_Kumar_Sahai.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Axel_Kleidon.png b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Axel_Kleidon.png deleted file mode 100644 index 755b20e2..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Axel_Kleidon.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Axel_Kleidon.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Axel_Kleidon.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d36c4fa4 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Axel_Kleidon.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Bhanu_Neupane.png b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Bhanu_Neupane.png deleted file mode 100644 index 4e6d1507..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Bhanu_Neupane.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Bhanu_Neupane.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Bhanu_Neupane.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..583c41d4 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Bhanu_Neupane.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Chandni_Singh.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Chandni_Singh.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 9e9c7ded..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Chandni_Singh.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Chandni_Singh.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Chandni_Singh.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b57839ec Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Chandni_Singh.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Chandrakant_Singh.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Chandrakant_Singh.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a1df2809 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Chandrakant_Singh.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Dinesh_Shetty.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Dinesh_Shetty.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2cd540c4 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Dinesh_Shetty.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Dipankar_Saha.png b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Dipankar_Saha.png deleted file mode 100644 index 6d4d1588..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Dipankar_Saha.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Dipankar_Saha.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Dipankar_Saha.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..78b34476 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Dipankar_Saha.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Fabrice_Papa.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Fabrice_Papa.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index a4604739..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Fabrice_Papa.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Fabrice_Papa.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Fabrice_Papa.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1aa1b42b Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Fabrice_Papa.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.GS_Srinivasa_Reddy.png b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.GS_Srinivasa_Reddy.png deleted file mode 100644 index 9da6fcd2..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.GS_Srinivasa_Reddy.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.GS_Srinivasa_Reddy.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.GS_Srinivasa_Reddy.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..255a322c Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.GS_Srinivasa_Reddy.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Jahnavi_Phalkey.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Jahnavi_Phalkey.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index e8676304..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Jahnavi_Phalkey.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Jahnavi_Phalkey.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Jahnavi_Phalkey.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..59eb7453 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Jahnavi_Phalkey.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.JayKumar_PD.png b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.JayKumar_PD.png deleted file mode 100644 index ed7215d7..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.JayKumar_PD.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.JayKumar_PD.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.JayKumar_PD.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1fb1c43f Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.JayKumar_PD.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Kanishka_Mallick.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Kanishka_Mallick.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..48bba963 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Kanishka_Mallick.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Lakshminarayana_Rao.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Lakshminarayana_Rao.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index b0083514..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Lakshminarayana_Rao.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Lakshminarayana_Rao.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Lakshminarayana_Rao.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e92b7d10 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Lakshminarayana_Rao.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Laurent_Ruiz.png b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Laurent_Ruiz.png deleted file mode 100644 index 5d175cc5..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Laurent_Ruiz.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Laurent_Ruiz.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Laurent_Ruiz.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..dcc9f18a Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Laurent_Ruiz.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Nandita_Basu.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Nandita_Basu.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8912998a Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Nandita_Basu.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.P.Somasekhar_Rao.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.P.Somasekhar_Rao.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index aa917078..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.P.Somasekhar_Rao.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.P.Somasekhar_Rao.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.P.Somasekhar_Rao.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8e7f1130 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.P.Somasekhar_Rao.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Purnima_Jalihal.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Purnima_Jalihal.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 208e9ae4..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Purnima_Jalihal.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Purnima_Jalihal.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Purnima_Jalihal.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..72069545 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Purnima_Jalihal.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.RD_Deshpande.png b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.RD_Deshpande.png deleted file mode 100644 index ef867efa..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.RD_Deshpande.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.RD_Deshpande.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.RD_Deshpande.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..acd474d9 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.RD_Deshpande.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Sanket_Jantre.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Sanket_Jantre.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..63a15049 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Sanket_Jantre.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Sharachchandra_Lele.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Sharachchandra_Lele.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index bc609981..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Sharachchandra_Lele.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Sharachchandra_Lele.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Sharachchandra_Lele.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f86f3d3e Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Sharachchandra_Lele.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Sharad_Kumar_Jain.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Sharad_Kumar_Jain.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index b540d09b..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Sharad_Kumar_Jain.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Sharad_Kumar_Jain.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Sharad_Kumar_Jain.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0e116221 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Sharad_Kumar_Jain.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Shruthi_Hegde.png b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Shruthi_Hegde.png deleted file mode 100644 index 3ac81b31..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Shruthi_Hegde.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Shruthi_Hegde.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Shruthi_Hegde.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..141509f0 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Shruthi_Hegde.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Solomon_Vimal.png b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Solomon_Vimal.png deleted file mode 100644 index 894a710c..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Solomon_Vimal.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Solomon_Vimal.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Solomon_Vimal.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..80c7d6d5 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Solomon_Vimal.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Somnath_Mondal.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Somnath_Mondal.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..62c1db08 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Somnath_Mondal.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Teertha_Banerjee.png b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Teertha_Banerjee.png deleted file mode 100644 index f380c1ec..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Teertha_Banerjee.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Teertha_Banerjee.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Teertha_Banerjee.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..65e7f413 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Teertha_Banerjee.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Utpal_Tatu.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Utpal_Tatu.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 58dcaf8b..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Utpal_Tatu.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Utpal_Tatu.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Utpal_Tatu.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..655347a5 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Utpal_Tatu.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Veena_Srinivasan.png b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Veena_Srinivasan.png deleted file mode 100644 index 8a235013..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Veena_Srinivasan.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Veena_Srinivasan.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Veena_Srinivasan.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8e0f73bd Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Veena_Srinivasan.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Vinayak_Shedekar.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Vinayak_Shedekar.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e9316d4e Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Vinayak_Shedekar.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Wenyan_Wu.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Wenyan_Wu.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4886971b Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Wenyan_Wu.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Jasmeet-Judge.png b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Jasmeet-Judge.png deleted file mode 100644 index 2bb08d7e..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Jasmeet-Judge.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Jasmeet-Judge.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Jasmeet-Judge.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..357f5953 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Jasmeet-Judge.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Lakshmivarahan.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Lakshmivarahan.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index e76c4d6e..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Lakshmivarahan.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Lakshmivarahan.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Lakshmivarahan.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..07b0c36f Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Lakshmivarahan.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Mijic_-Ana.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Mijic_-Ana.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 3ab0a14d..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Mijic_-Ana.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Mijic_-Ana.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Mijic_-Ana.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..483215ff Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Mijic_-Ana.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Mr.Ashish_Gupta.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Mr.Ashish_Gupta.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..efb567a4 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Mr.Ashish_Gupta.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Murray-Peel-2017.jpeg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Murray-Peel-2017.jpeg deleted file mode 100644 index a804669e..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Murray-Peel-2017.jpeg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Murray-Peel-2017.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Murray-Peel-2017.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..388c167f Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Murray-Peel-2017.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/PaulBates.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/PaulBates.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 067cfcb8..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/PaulBates.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/PaulBates.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/PaulBates.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..422d36d3 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/PaulBates.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Ana_Mijic.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Ana_Mijic.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1ec38be5 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Ana_Mijic.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Anamika_Barua.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Anamika_Barua.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5b37d787 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Anamika_Barua.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Anand_Jayakaran.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Anand_Jayakaran.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..31e6585a Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Anand_Jayakaran.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Ashish_Sharma.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Ashish_Sharma.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 70dca057..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Ashish_Sharma.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Ashish_Sharma.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Ashish_Sharma.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4cfcbb76 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Ashish_Sharma.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Bharadwaj_Amrutur.png b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Bharadwaj_Amrutur.png deleted file mode 100644 index eaaba820..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Bharadwaj_Amrutur.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Bharadwaj_Amrutur.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Bharadwaj_Amrutur.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..51d72873 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Bharadwaj_Amrutur.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Biswa_Bhattacharya.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Biswa_Bhattacharya.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..497e7c77 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Biswa_Bhattacharya.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Brajesh_Dubey.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Brajesh_Dubey.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 0b56e8b7..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Brajesh_Dubey.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Brajesh_Dubey.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Brajesh_Dubey.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..41a734ee Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Brajesh_Dubey.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Brijesh_Yadav.png b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Brijesh_Yadav.png deleted file mode 100644 index c95e5a0a..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Brijesh_Yadav.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Brijesh_Yadav.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Brijesh_Yadav.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..def171e1 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Brijesh_Yadav.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.BryanW_Brooks.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.BryanW_Brooks.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1e78f120 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.BryanW_Brooks.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Dan_Obenour.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Dan_Obenour.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 5802d31c..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Dan_Obenour.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Dan_Obenour.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Dan_Obenour.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e209c0ea Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Dan_Obenour.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Dr-Ing.NicoSneeuw.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Dr-Ing.NicoSneeuw.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cf38d9f3 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Dr-Ing.NicoSneeuw.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Jonathan_Bamber.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Jonathan_Bamber.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d0f0fc80 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Jonathan_Bamber.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Krishnan_Raghavan.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Krishnan_Raghavan.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 8b80028e..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Krishnan_Raghavan.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Krishnan_Raghavan.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Krishnan_Raghavan.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f3c01594 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Krishnan_Raghavan.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Mal_McMillan.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Mal_McMillan.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8ad1ef04 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Mal_McMillan.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Mukesh_Kumar.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Mukesh_Kumar.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ea5e33ce Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Mukesh_Kumar.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Murugesu_Sivalapalan.png b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Murugesu_Sivalapalan.png deleted file mode 100644 index b7524ea7..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Murugesu_Sivalapalan.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Murugesu_Sivalapalan.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Murugesu_Sivalapalan.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f668392c Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Murugesu_Sivalapalan.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Raghu_Murtugudde.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Raghu_Murtugudde.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index bddaa62b..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Raghu_Murtugudde.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Raghu_Murtugudde.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Raghu_Murtugudde.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1297d28e Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Raghu_Murtugudde.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Rajagopalan_Balaji.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Rajagopalan_Balaji.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 77966e15..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Rajagopalan_Balaji.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Rajagopalan_Balaji.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Rajagopalan_Balaji.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9ec7ee58 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Rajagopalan_Balaji.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Ramesh_Teegavarapu.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Ramesh_Teegavarapu.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index c0de8055..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Ramesh_Teegavarapu.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Ramesh_Teegavarapu.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Ramesh_Teegavarapu.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4f5709c2 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Ramesh_Teegavarapu.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Ravindra_Duddu.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Ravindra_Duddu.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c9233e68 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Ravindra_Duddu.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Sankar_Arumugam.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Sankar_Arumugam.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ec54c4f1 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Sankar_Arumugam.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Subodh_Sharma.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Subodh_Sharma.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..93e279f1 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Subodh_Sharma.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Venkataraman_Lakshmi.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Venkataraman_Lakshmi.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c43bde14 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Venkataraman_Lakshmi.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Virender_K_Sharma.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Virender_K_Sharma.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..53623ae5 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Virender_K_Sharma.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Wouter_Buytaert.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Wouter_Buytaert.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 0fa696f6..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Wouter_Buytaert.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Wouter_Buytaert.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Wouter_Buytaert.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6918ee69 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Wouter_Buytaert.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/S.Vishwanath.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/S.Vishwanath.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 858f749a..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/S.Vishwanath.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/S.Vishwanath.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/S.Vishwanath.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1726211e Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/S.Vishwanath.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Shashi_PP.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Shashi_PP.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 35735516..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Shashi_PP.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Shashi_PP.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Shashi_PP.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..50f75f00 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Shashi_PP.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Surendra_Adhikari.png b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Surendra_Adhikari.png deleted file mode 100644 index 2da2f76b..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Surendra_Adhikari.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Surendra_Adhikari.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Surendra_Adhikari.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a6aff75e Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Surendra_Adhikari.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/abhijit-mukherjee.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/abhijit-mukherjee.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index b5beded2..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/abhijit-mukherjee.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/abhijit-mukherjee.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/abhijit-mukherjee.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..88f640b9 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/abhijit-mukherjee.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/alexandre-anesio.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/alexandre-anesio.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 6427273d..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/alexandre-anesio.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/alexandre-anesio.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/alexandre-anesio.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2211444a Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/alexandre-anesio.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/axel-kleidon.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/axel-kleidon.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 2c04dcef..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/axel-kleidon.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/axel-kleidon.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/axel-kleidon.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f84a530f Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/axel-kleidon.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/eleanor-blyth.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/eleanor-blyth.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index c15f4bd6..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/eleanor-blyth.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/eleanor-blyth.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/eleanor-blyth.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f5858893 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/eleanor-blyth.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/kala-s.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/kala-s.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 6510c316..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/kala-s.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/kala-s.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/kala-s.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b684ca54 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/kala-s.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/naresh-devinini.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/naresh-devinini.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index c5e1475e..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/naresh-devinini.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/naresh-devinini.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/naresh-devinini.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..dd5c54a2 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/naresh-devinini.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/pallavi-eeswara.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/pallavi-eeswara.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 26f1d511..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/pallavi-eeswara.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/pallavi-eeswara.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/pallavi-eeswara.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..586ffa19 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/pallavi-eeswara.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/prof-aditi-mukherji.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/prof-aditi-mukherji.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 939190b7..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/prof-aditi-mukherji.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/prof-aditi-mukherji.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/prof-aditi-mukherji.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..91321fd7 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/prof-aditi-mukherji.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/prof-sk-tandon.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/prof-sk-tandon.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 338b686b..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/prof-sk-tandon.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/prof-sk-tandon.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/prof-sk-tandon.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cf897966 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/prof-sk-tandon.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/rao-govindaraju.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/rao-govindaraju.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index be2298d2..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/rao-govindaraju.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/rao-govindaraju.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/rao-govindaraju.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..abb7037b Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/rao-govindaraju.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/tushar-sinha.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/tushar-sinha.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 34d72b6a..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/tushar-sinha.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/tushar-sinha.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/tushar-sinha.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e82aacaa Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/tushar-sinha.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/yashavanth-kumar.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/yashavanth-kumar.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 39ee9709..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/yashavanth-kumar.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/yashavanth-kumar.webp b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/yashavanth-kumar.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b8faffd1 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/yashavanth-kumar.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/ICWaR_Flyer.jpg b/docs/assets/images/ICWaR_Flyer.jpg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3cddef02 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/ICWaR_Flyer.jpg differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/ICWaR_Logo.webp b/docs/assets/images/ICWaR_Logo.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..bd21177d Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/ICWaR_Logo.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/ICWaR_Logo_WBG.webp b/docs/assets/images/ICWaR_Logo_WBG.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5f98620f Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/ICWaR_Logo_WBG.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/IISc.jfif b/docs/assets/images/IISc.jfif deleted file mode 100644 index bfe3416d..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/IISc.jfif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/IISc.webp b/docs/assets/images/IISc.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..fecb1e85 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/IISc.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Brochure_Monsoon-School-2023_page.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Brochure_Monsoon-School-2023_page.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 29a9006f..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Brochure_Monsoon-School-2023_page.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Brochure_Monsoon-School-2023_page.webp b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Brochure_Monsoon-School-2023_page.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3627c36d Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Brochure_Monsoon-School-2023_page.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/KSNDMC-2017.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/KSNDMC-2017.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 07c76da6..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/KSNDMC-2017.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/KSNDMC-2017.webp b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/KSNDMC-2017.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b4f8a7ec Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/KSNDMC-2017.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/KSNDMC-2018.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/KSNDMC-2018.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index e37c6908..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/KSNDMC-2018.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/KSNDMC-2018.webp b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/KSNDMC-2018.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..13f8bd36 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/KSNDMC-2018.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/KSNDMC-2019.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/KSNDMC-2019.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 4acd5851..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/KSNDMC-2019.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/KSNDMC-2019.webp b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/KSNDMC-2019.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..57c7ce8c Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/KSNDMC-2019.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/KSNDMC-2023.jpeg b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/KSNDMC-2023.jpeg deleted file mode 100644 index 0e81184c..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/KSNDMC-2023.jpeg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/KSNDMC-2023.webp b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/KSNDMC-2023.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7cb9e40e Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/KSNDMC-2023.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Monsoon-School_2017_Group_photo.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Monsoon-School_2017_Group_photo.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 46dd39c8..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Monsoon-School_2017_Group_photo.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Monsoon-School_2017_Group_photo.webp b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Monsoon-School_2017_Group_photo.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..af03ee9c Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Monsoon-School_2017_Group_photo.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Monsoon-School_2018_Group_photo.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Monsoon-School_2018_Group_photo.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 13c019d9..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Monsoon-School_2018_Group_photo.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Monsoon-School_2018_Group_photo.webp b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Monsoon-School_2018_Group_photo.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e033b086 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Monsoon-School_2018_Group_photo.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Monsoon-School_2019_Group_photo.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Monsoon-School_2019_Group_photo.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index e3222370..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Monsoon-School_2019_Group_photo.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Monsoon-School_2019_Group_photo.webp b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Monsoon-School_2019_Group_photo.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7224db17 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Monsoon-School_2019_Group_photo.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Monsoon-School_Group_photo-2023.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Monsoon-School_Group_photo-2023.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index d720f155..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Monsoon-School_Group_photo-2023.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Monsoon-School_Group_photo-2023.webp b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Monsoon-School_Group_photo-2023.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..199cce0e Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Monsoon-School_Group_photo-2023.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/ProgramSchedule2026.webp b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/ProgramSchedule2026.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e078daa7 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/ProgramSchedule2026.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Speakers2017.png b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Speakers2017.png deleted file mode 100644 index 7e0ac997..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Speakers2017.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Speakers2017.webp b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Speakers2017.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3d9873e3 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Speakers2017.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Speakers2018.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Speakers2018.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 93554bfc..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Speakers2018.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Speakers2018.webp b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Speakers2018.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..72313640 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Speakers2018.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Speakers2019.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Speakers2019.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index a91e9ec6..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Speakers2019.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Speakers2019.webp b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Speakers2019.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b9a73c73 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Speakers2019.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Speakers2023.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Speakers2023.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 5252f73c..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Speakers2023.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Speakers2023.webp b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Speakers2023.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..082ac183 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Monsoon School/Speakers2023.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/News/Brochure_Monsoon-School-2023.jpg b/docs/assets/images/News/Brochure_Monsoon-School-2023.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 29a9006f..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/News/Brochure_Monsoon-School-2023.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/News/Digital-Twins-cover.webp b/docs/assets/images/News/Digital-Twins-cover.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..50cb1fb7 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/News/Digital-Twins-cover.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/News/HOW-BENGALURU-CAN-GET-RAIN-READY.webp b/docs/assets/images/News/HOW-BENGALURU-CAN-GET-RAIN-READY.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..db11d63a Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/News/HOW-BENGALURU-CAN-GET-RAIN-READY.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/News/IICAQM&IICWQM-2023.png b/docs/assets/images/News/IICAQM&IICWQM-2023.png deleted file mode 100644 index 9ec3d8f5..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/News/IICAQM&IICWQM-2023.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/News/IICAQM&IICWQM-2023.webp b/docs/assets/images/News/IICAQM&IICWQM-2023.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..bea7de0f Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/News/IICAQM&IICWQM-2023.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/News/IISc_PostDoctoralFellowship_Flyer.webp b/docs/assets/images/News/IISc_PostDoctoralFellowship_Flyer.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..01cc55ab Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/News/IISc_PostDoctoralFellowship_Flyer.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/News/IISc_flood_model_heads.png b/docs/assets/images/News/IISc_flood_model_heads.png deleted file mode 100644 index 4bfe57d3..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/News/IISc_flood_model_heads.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/News/IISc_flood_model_heads.webp b/docs/assets/images/News/IISc_flood_model_heads.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b94c6d70 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/News/IISc_flood_model_heads.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/News/ILR-dreams.avif b/docs/assets/images/News/ILR-dreams.avif new file mode 100644 index 00000000..40a53200 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/News/ILR-dreams.avif differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/News/Life-Streaming-BM.png b/docs/assets/images/News/Life-Streaming-BM.png deleted file mode 100644 index eb024c2b..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/News/Life-Streaming-BM.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/News/New-Book-Chapter-Hydrological-status-outlook.png b/docs/assets/images/News/New-Book-Chapter-Hydrological-status-outlook.png deleted file mode 100644 index 9642b8e3..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/News/New-Book-Chapter-Hydrological-status-outlook.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/News/Out-of-Bounds_Prof.Bala.jpg b/docs/assets/images/News/Out-of-Bounds_Prof.Bala.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index ba6d741f..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/News/Out-of-Bounds_Prof.Bala.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/News/Out-of-Bounds_Prof.Bala.webp b/docs/assets/images/News/Out-of-Bounds_Prof.Bala.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1d9ea4ca Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/News/Out-of-Bounds_Prof.Bala.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/News/Urban-Modelling.jpg b/docs/assets/images/News/Urban-Modelling.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 177c6314..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/News/Urban-Modelling.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/News/bangaluru-flood-prediction.jpg b/docs/assets/images/News/bangaluru-flood-prediction.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index f4948631..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/News/bangaluru-flood-prediction.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/News/book-cover-insawater.jpg b/docs/assets/images/News/book-cover-insawater.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 147403c6..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/News/book-cover-insawater.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/News/bwssb.webp b/docs/assets/images/News/bwssb.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..814ffec3 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/News/bwssb.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/News/climate-change-and-downscaling.jpg b/docs/assets/images/News/climate-change-and-downscaling.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 1805d8fd..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/News/climate-change-and-downscaling.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/News/prof.Sivapalan.png b/docs/assets/images/News/prof.Sivapalan.png deleted file mode 100644 index b7524ea7..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/News/prof.Sivapalan.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/News/reducing-fossil-fuel.jpg b/docs/assets/images/News/reducing-fossil-fuel.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index d1dcadf3..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/News/reducing-fossil-fuel.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/News/reducing-fossil-fuel.webp b/docs/assets/images/News/reducing-fossil-fuel.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7022dbd8 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/News/reducing-fossil-fuel.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/News/scaleissues-hydrology.jpg b/docs/assets/images/News/scaleissues-hydrology.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 8e4896da..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/News/scaleissues-hydrology.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Office Staff/Akshatha_GB.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Office Staff/Akshatha_GB.jpg deleted file mode 100755 index f19df50c..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Office Staff/Akshatha_GB.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Office Staff/Akshatha_GB.webp b/docs/assets/images/Office Staff/Akshatha_GB.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..76083ec2 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Office Staff/Akshatha_GB.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Office Staff/Ashwini_N.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Office Staff/Ashwini_N.jpg deleted file mode 100755 index 866b76d8..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Office Staff/Ashwini_N.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Office Staff/Ashwini_N.webp b/docs/assets/images/Office Staff/Ashwini_N.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..de739d07 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Office Staff/Ashwini_N.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Office Staff/Darshan_D.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Office Staff/Darshan_D.jpg deleted file mode 100755 index 0e51b67d..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Office Staff/Darshan_D.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Office Staff/Darshan_D.webp b/docs/assets/images/Office Staff/Darshan_D.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..45e2c6d3 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Office Staff/Darshan_D.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Office Staff/Jayasheela_S.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Office Staff/Jayasheela_S.jpg deleted file mode 100755 index 00dc1dce..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Office Staff/Jayasheela_S.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Office Staff/Jayasheela_S.webp b/docs/assets/images/Office Staff/Jayasheela_S.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..035a3497 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Office Staff/Jayasheela_S.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Office Staff/Krishnakp.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Office Staff/Krishnakp.jpg deleted file mode 100755 index 38d22007..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Office Staff/Krishnakp.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Office Staff/Krishnakp.webp b/docs/assets/images/Office Staff/Krishnakp.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a0add492 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Office Staff/Krishnakp.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Office Staff/abhinand.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Office Staff/abhinand.jpg deleted file mode 100755 index 7bb1e8ee..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Office Staff/abhinand.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/AbhinavWadhwa.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/AbhinavWadhwa.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 1a54633f..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/AbhinavWadhwa.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/AbhinavWadhwa.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/AbhinavWadhwa.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5a1a8e99 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/AbhinavWadhwa.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/ArindanMandal.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/ArindanMandal.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 352a7dcc..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/ArindanMandal.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/ArindanMandal.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/ArindanMandal.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e20a4fb2 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/ArindanMandal.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Ashlin_Ann_Alexander.png b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Ashlin_Ann_Alexander.png deleted file mode 100644 index 97a5555c..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Ashlin_Ann_Alexander.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Ashlin_Ann_Alexander.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Ashlin_Ann_Alexander.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c1c31b18 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Ashlin_Ann_Alexander.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.BinduM.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.BinduM.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f2d2aa85 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.BinduM.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.DaljeetSD.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.DaljeetSD.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..fdc4c72f Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.DaljeetSD.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.JankiRangatia.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.JankiRangatia.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c328bf38 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.JankiRangatia.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.Koteswara_Rao.png b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.Koteswara_Rao.png deleted file mode 100644 index d6bcf71c..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.Koteswara_Rao.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.Koteswara_Rao.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.Koteswara_Rao.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f3acf0c0 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.Koteswara_Rao.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.ManmitKumarSingh.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.ManmitKumarSingh.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..502da5da Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.ManmitKumarSingh.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.NikitaKushDurgi.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.NikitaKushDurgi.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a08c3cf0 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.NikitaKushDurgi.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.NruthyaK.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.NruthyaK.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1ed53d8b Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.NruthyaK.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.PoulomeeCoomar.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.PoulomeeCoomar.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9e4656f1 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.PoulomeeCoomar.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.RajaniPandey.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.RajaniPandey.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f9fa9008 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.RajaniPandey.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.Reshma_R.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.Reshma_R.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b628f76e Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.Reshma_R.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.Satish_Kumar.png b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.Satish_Kumar.png deleted file mode 100644 index e25439fd..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.Satish_Kumar.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.Satish_Kumar.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.Satish_Kumar.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e87f341b Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.Satish_Kumar.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.SuhailAhmad.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.SuhailAhmad.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ff751908 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.SuhailAhmad.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.SumantaSahu.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.SumantaSahu.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ba9703dc Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.SumantaSahu.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.Suyog_Gupta.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.Suyog_Gupta.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 89c86023..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.Suyog_Gupta.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.Suyog_Gupta.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.Suyog_Gupta.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..333ac792 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.Suyog_Gupta.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.Yogaraj_Banerjee.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.Yogaraj_Banerjee.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9a487d2d Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.Yogaraj_Banerjee.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Jeenu_Mathai.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Jeenu_Mathai.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 4159051d..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Jeenu_Mathai.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Jeenu_Mathai.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Jeenu_Mathai.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c0179558 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Jeenu_Mathai.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/MayaR.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/MayaR.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e6f3f767 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/MayaR.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Nagaraja_O.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Nagaraja_O.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..43bfc34f Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Nagaraja_O.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/PushkarS.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/PushkarS.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index dc54781b..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/PushkarS.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/PushkarS.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/PushkarS.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..22312e49 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/PushkarS.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/RajeshR.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/RajeshR.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 83678366..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/RajeshR.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/RajeshR.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/RajeshR.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f478cc30 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/RajeshR.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/RetinderK.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/RetinderK.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 80984059..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/RetinderK.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/RetinderK.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/RetinderK.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ff142b61 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/RetinderK.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Shubha-Avinash.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Shubha-Avinash.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 33ff257d..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Shubha-Avinash.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Shubha-Avinash.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Shubha-Avinash.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..bb55a5fc Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Shubha-Avinash.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Simranjeet.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Simranjeet.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index a77b4a4a..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Simranjeet.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Simranjeet_Singh.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Simranjeet_Singh.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..22bd9466 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Simranjeet_Singh.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Somil_Swarnkar.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Somil_Swarnkar.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 0a319a93..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Somil_Swarnkar.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Somil_Swarnkar.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Somil_Swarnkar.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1bf57617 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Somil_Swarnkar.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Soumendra_NB.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Soumendra_NB.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2e6c3a69 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Soumendra_NB.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/VenkateshB.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/VenkateshB.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index be17e2d7..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/VenkateshB.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/VenkateshB.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/VenkateshB.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..389d5543 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/VenkateshB.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Vikas-Poonia.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Vikas-Poonia.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 996be58d..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Vikas-Poonia.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Vikas-Poonia.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Vikas-Poonia.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ff50ca09 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/Vikas-Poonia.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/abhishek.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/abhishek.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 38c98868..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/abhishek.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/abhishek.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/abhishek.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4c1530fd Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/abhishek.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/dummy.png b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/dummy.png deleted file mode 100644 index 6167e726..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/dummy.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/dummy.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/dummy.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3660dd4a Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/dummy.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/gourilaxmeshwar.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/gourilaxmeshwar.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index efe1a56e..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/gourilaxmeshwar.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/gourilaxmeshwar.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/gourilaxmeshwar.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e988a906 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/gourilaxmeshwar.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/gowri-r.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/gowri-r.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index ad9d39c0..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/gowri-r.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/gowri-r.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/gowri-r.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4efe53ad Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/gowri-r.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/postdoc-aafaqnazir.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/postdoc-aafaqnazir.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 8a5d9130..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/postdoc-aafaqnazir.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/postdoc-aafaqnazir.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/postdoc-aafaqnazir.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..bffa305f Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/postdoc-aafaqnazir.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/ruhheetabbussum.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/ruhheetabbussum.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 72fa9118..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/ruhheetabbussum.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/ruhheetabbussum.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/ruhheetabbussum.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b0f411ae Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/ruhheetabbussum.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/subirpaul.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/subirpaul.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 19f7c15d..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/subirpaul.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/subirpaul.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/subirpaul.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2d2f6a17 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/subirpaul.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/tabasumrasool.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/tabasumrasool.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 7ccc5991..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/tabasumrasool.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/tabasumrasool.webp b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/tabasumrasool.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..30b2834f Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Post Doc/tabasumrasool.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Amin Shakya.png b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Amin Shakya.png deleted file mode 100644 index 05b2f630..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Amin Shakya.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Amin Shakya.webp b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Amin Shakya.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..df23b53f Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Amin Shakya.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Ananthula_Rishika.png b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Ananthula_Rishika.png deleted file mode 100644 index 66c41e33..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Ananthula_Rishika.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Ananthula_Rishika.webp b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Ananthula_Rishika.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..979f2d6b Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Ananthula_Rishika.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Anu-S-Patil.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Anu-S-Patil.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 7559cc4b..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Anu-S-Patil.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Anu-S-Patil.webp b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Anu-S-Patil.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..292a4ff9 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Anu-S-Patil.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/ChandiPriya.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/ChandiPriya.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 419c622f..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/ChandiPriya.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/ChandiPriya.webp b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/ChandiPriya.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..267bf18e Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/ChandiPriya.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Chethan_DM.webp b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Chethan_DM.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d03644f7 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Chethan_DM.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/DarshanaG.webp b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/DarshanaG.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..dd93d9d1 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/DarshanaG.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Gaddam-Nagaraju.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Gaddam-Nagaraju.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index a8a170b9..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Gaddam-Nagaraju.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Gaddam-Nagaraju.webp b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Gaddam-Nagaraju.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4519e3c5 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Gaddam-Nagaraju.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Karthika_K.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Karthika_K.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 1a18a14b..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Karthika_K.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Karthika_K.webp b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Karthika_K.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e06b2880 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Karthika_K.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Kritagya_Tomar.webp b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Kritagya_Tomar.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1f2bdf03 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Kritagya_Tomar.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/LikhithaP.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/LikhithaP.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 42a38e2c..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/LikhithaP.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/LikhithaP.webp b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/LikhithaP.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7955619b Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/LikhithaP.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Lipika_Dutta.webp b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Lipika_Dutta.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5d325fc7 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Lipika_Dutta.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/MayaR.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/MayaR.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 09bd6c31..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/MayaR.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Prajakta_Mali.webp b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Prajakta_Mali.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6b1e2f94 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Prajakta_Mali.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Preethi_Alle.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Preethi_Alle.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 0d4d8b0a..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Preethi_Alle.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Preethi_Alle.webp b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Preethi_Alle.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ddb8ef16 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Preethi_Alle.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Ramesh_N.webp b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Ramesh_N.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..68048314 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Ramesh_N.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Vandana_S.webp b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Vandana_S.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0d8946d5 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/Vandana_S.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/chandan.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/chandan.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index c5f5640c..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/chandan.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/chandan.webp b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/chandan.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e3993832 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/chandan.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/nruthya-k.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/nruthya-k.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 49ad3b82..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/nruthya-k.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/vandana.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/vandana.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 8ebbdac8..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Project Staff/vandana.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research Groups/GESS.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research Groups/GESS.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d3edcd1f Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research Groups/GESS.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research Groups/Hydroclim.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research Groups/Hydroclim.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3d167f3f Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research Groups/Hydroclim.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research Groups/OneGroup.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research Groups/OneGroup.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..19b59a07 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research Groups/OneGroup.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/Abhirup.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/Abhirup.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..02f7fb4a Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/Abhirup.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/Abhishek-Chakraborty.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Research/Abhishek-Chakraborty.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 17597582..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Research/Abhishek-Chakraborty.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/Abhishek-Chakraborty.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/Abhishek-Chakraborty.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0f54b7f7 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/Abhishek-Chakraborty.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/AlokKumar.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/AlokKumar.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..afc1b1f9 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/AlokKumar.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/AmiyaKumarSur.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/AmiyaKumarSur.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c908b51c Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/AmiyaKumarSur.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/AnamikaDas.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/AnamikaDas.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..14b7d66c Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/AnamikaDas.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/AnzeeraBeegumTM.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/AnzeeraBeegumTM.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..50528ca9 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/AnzeeraBeegumTM.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/Biswajit.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Research/Biswajit.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index dec1a6d6..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Research/Biswajit.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/Biswajit.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/Biswajit.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..30cbb3c6 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/Biswajit.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/Chetan_VA.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Research/Chetan_VA.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 0c3bea3d..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Research/Chetan_VA.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/ChethanVA.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/ChethanVA.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..54e9efc1 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/ChethanVA.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/DhrutikamJena.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/DhrutikamJena.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..39cc6b92 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/DhrutikamJena.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/Diljit.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Research/Diljit.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 518d91ee..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Research/Diljit.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/Diljit_Dutta.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/Diljit_Dutta.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b9b2f8a7 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/Diljit_Dutta.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/DivyaDhakar.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/DivyaDhakar.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f77725ad Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/DivyaDhakar.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/Dnyaneshwar_Gawai.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/Dnyaneshwar_Gawai.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9413acee Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/Dnyaneshwar_Gawai.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/Endurance_OE.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Research/Endurance_OE.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 7e2c0ee5..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Research/Endurance_OE.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/Endurance_OE.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/Endurance_OE.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..de331abf Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/Endurance_OE.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/GauravJaiswal.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/GauravJaiswal.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1c53901b Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/GauravJaiswal.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/KatrothPremSingh.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/KatrothPremSingh.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..515f56fd Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/KatrothPremSingh.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/MadhuraPK.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/MadhuraPK.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..fba1c19b Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/MadhuraPK.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/MrinalGoswami.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/MrinalGoswami.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..468a7393 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/MrinalGoswami.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/NahidaBegumMH.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/NahidaBegumMH.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1ffc39b2 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/NahidaBegumMH.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/Pavithra.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Research/Pavithra.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index c751cb74..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Research/Pavithra.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/Pavithra.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/Pavithra.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8d9a92c0 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/Pavithra.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/PrajaktaAS.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/PrajaktaAS.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1a3e6bd0 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/PrajaktaAS.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/Preethi_Alle.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/Preethi_Alle.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c093aeb0 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/Preethi_Alle.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/PurvaSharma.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/PurvaSharma.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..43eb484f Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/PurvaSharma.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/RahulKumar.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/RahulKumar.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f5c617d7 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/RahulKumar.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/RahulSingh.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/RahulSingh.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e81f99d2 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/RahulSingh.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/Reshma Mohan.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Research/Reshma Mohan.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 9b87273f..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Research/Reshma Mohan.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/Reshma Mohan.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/Reshma Mohan.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..43a134f6 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/Reshma Mohan.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/SHanumantharajuKumaruduBabji.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/SHanumantharajuKumaruduBabji.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f95f5938 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/SHanumantharajuKumaruduBabji.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/SafalJT.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/SafalJT.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..da3cf42a Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/SafalJT.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/Sarat.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Research/Sarat.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 5b468f8f..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Research/Sarat.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/Sarat.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/Sarat.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9e332886 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/Sarat.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/SoubhikDas.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Research/SoubhikDas.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index d842565c..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Research/SoubhikDas.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/SoubhikDas.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/SoubhikDas.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..759f6b68 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/SoubhikDas.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/SumayaIrshad.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/SumayaIrshad.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1930ddd4 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/SumayaIrshad.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/TresaThomas.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Research/TresaThomas.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 5b24a0f0..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Research/TresaThomas.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/TresaThomas.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/TresaThomas.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cf93c3b1 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/TresaThomas.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/Vandana_S.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Research/Vandana_S.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 8ebbdac8..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Research/Vandana_S.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/Vandana_S.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/Vandana_S.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0d8946d5 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/Vandana_S.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/Vemuri_Harini.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Research/Vemuri_Harini.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 5e7ad3da..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Research/Vemuri_Harini.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/Vemuri_Harini.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/Vemuri_Harini.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3c88605c Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/Vemuri_Harini.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/Vishnudatha.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/Vishnudatha.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8bfd6176 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/Vishnudatha.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/WalterSamuel.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Research/WalterSamuel.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 7f7ad6a4..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Research/WalterSamuel.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/WalterSamuel.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/WalterSamuel.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a7056294 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/WalterSamuel.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/Yuji_Shigefuji.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Research/Yuji_Shigefuji.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index ea9ae4be..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Research/Yuji_Shigefuji.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/Yuji_Shigefuji.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/Yuji_Shigefuji.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7bced02a Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/Yuji_Shigefuji.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/balaram.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Research/balaram.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 06188fdc..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Research/balaram.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/balaram.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/balaram.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5a2c12cf Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/balaram.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/dummy.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/dummy.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3660dd4a Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/dummy.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/posapoornima.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Research/posapoornima.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 62f2cf3b..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Research/posapoornima.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/posapoornima.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/posapoornima.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e6898858 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/posapoornima.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/radhikavarshney.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Research/radhikavarshney.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index dda72d65..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Research/radhikavarshney.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/radhikavarshney.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/radhikavarshney.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..68dbdf9e Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/radhikavarshney.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/saivikas.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Research/saivikas.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index f24f3ec6..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Research/saivikas.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/saivikas.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/saivikas.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..bd9ee4a9 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/saivikas.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/shairik.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Research/shairik.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 43acab54..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Research/shairik.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/shairik.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/shairik.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..19486b68 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/shairik.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/sneha.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Research/sneha.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 3355b724..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Research/sneha.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/sneha.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/sneha.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..376b5bfc Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/sneha.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/venkat.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Research/venkat.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 1d03492c..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Research/venkat.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/venkat.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/venkat.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f6bc88e8 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/venkat.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/vishakha.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Research/vishakha.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 26dddcf4..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Research/vishakha.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/vishakha.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/vishakha.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..16610178 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/vishakha.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/vivekkumar.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Research/vivekkumar.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 0328e93a..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Research/vivekkumar.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research/vivekkumar.webp b/docs/assets/images/Research/vivekkumar.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6a1cc3f5 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Research/vivekkumar.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research_Page_Background.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Research_Page_Background.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index e7988c9d..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Research_Page_Background.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Research_Page_Background2.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Research_Page_Background2.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 6381ca38..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Research_Page_Background2.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Slide/1.webp b/docs/assets/images/Slide/1.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..86f920a9 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Slide/1.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Slide/2.webp b/docs/assets/images/Slide/2.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..db76cc37 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Slide/2.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Slide/3.webp b/docs/assets/images/Slide/3.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5b4de30a Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Slide/3.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Slide/4.webp b/docs/assets/images/Slide/4.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9e4e461f Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Slide/4.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Slide/5.webp b/docs/assets/images/Slide/5.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..fcf78478 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Slide/5.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Slide/6.webp b/docs/assets/images/Slide/6.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5762834d Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Slide/6.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Slide/7.webp b/docs/assets/images/Slide/7.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3d3b91d0 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Slide/7.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Slide/8.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Slide/8.jpg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b6af2f63 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Slide/8.jpg differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Slide/Research/Slide12.webp b/docs/assets/images/Slide/Research/Slide12.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e19adfc8 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Slide/Research/Slide12.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Slide/Research/Slide13.webp b/docs/assets/images/Slide/Research/Slide13.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ddcc2910 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Slide/Research/Slide13.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Slide/Research/Slide16.webp b/docs/assets/images/Slide/Research/Slide16.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1a0ed2df Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Slide/Research/Slide16.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Slide/Research/Slide17.webp b/docs/assets/images/Slide/Research/Slide17.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b3d5f9b7 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Slide/Research/Slide17.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Slide/Research/Slide2.webp b/docs/assets/images/Slide/Research/Slide2.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9067b440 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Slide/Research/Slide2.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Slide/Research/Slide3.webp b/docs/assets/images/Slide/Research/Slide3.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..df726b70 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Slide/Research/Slide3.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Slide/Research/Slide5.webp b/docs/assets/images/Slide/Research/Slide5.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ddf73b10 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Slide/Research/Slide5.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Slide/Research/Slide9.webp b/docs/assets/images/Slide/Research/Slide9.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0bb4ed81 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Slide/Research/Slide9.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Slide/slideshow1.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Slide/slideshow1.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 73df3c99..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Slide/slideshow1.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Slide/slideshow2.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Slide/slideshow2.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 367c3127..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Slide/slideshow2.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Slide/slideshow3.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Slide/slideshow3.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index abbd6b70..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Slide/slideshow3.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Slide/slideshow4.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Slide/slideshow4.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 29fbbfa5..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Slide/slideshow4.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Slide/slideshow5.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Slide/slideshow5.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 970efdcb..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Slide/slideshow5.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide1.jpg b/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide1.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 32f456e0..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide1.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide10.jpg b/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide10.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 35a20dbf..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide10.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide11.jpg b/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide11.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index bdcbb3b3..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide11.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide12.jpg b/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide12.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 308ba122..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide12.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide13.jpg b/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide13.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index fda3738b..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide13.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide14.jpg b/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide14.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index ff1d36b3..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide14.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide15.jpg b/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide15.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 4cb757cf..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide15.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide16.jpg b/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide16.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index f38c212e..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide16.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide17.jpg b/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide17.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 76cd0ec2..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide17.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide18.jpg b/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide18.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 06c8cc5c..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide18.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide19.jpg b/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide19.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 14ff2c5e..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide19.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide2.jpg b/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide2.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 1f10dcfa..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide2.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide20.jpg b/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide20.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 2edd4314..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide20.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide3.jpg b/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide3.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index bb51d27b..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide3.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide4.jpg b/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide4.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index c7cea381..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide4.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide5.jpg b/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide5.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index d0d55f4c..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide5.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide6.jpg b/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide6.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 97cc7d7d..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide6.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide7.jpg b/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide7.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index e8eb1e17..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide7.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide8.jpg b/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide8.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 33c9ffed..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide8.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide9.jpg b/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide9.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 5144bb97..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/TV Presentation-Slides/Slide9.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Testimonials/Aayushi_Kochar.webp b/docs/assets/images/Testimonials/Aayushi_Kochar.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0e716b21 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Testimonials/Aayushi_Kochar.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Testimonials/Dr.Abhinav_Wadhwa.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Testimonials/Dr.Abhinav_Wadhwa.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 393246b5..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Testimonials/Dr.Abhinav_Wadhwa.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Testimonials/Dr.Abhinav_Wadhwa.webp b/docs/assets/images/Testimonials/Dr.Abhinav_Wadhwa.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..334cd233 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Testimonials/Dr.Abhinav_Wadhwa.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Testimonials/Dr.Siva_Naga_Venkat_Nara.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Testimonials/Dr.Siva_Naga_Venkat_Nara.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 9e4531fc..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Testimonials/Dr.Siva_Naga_Venkat_Nara.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Testimonials/Dr.Siva_Naga_Venkat_Nara.webp b/docs/assets/images/Testimonials/Dr.Siva_Naga_Venkat_Nara.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..aceece1f Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Testimonials/Dr.Siva_Naga_Venkat_Nara.webp differ diff --git "a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/Bihar_State_Disaster_Management_Authority_(BSDMA)\342\200\213.png" "b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/Bihar_State_Disaster_Management_Authority_(BSDMA)\342\200\213.png" deleted file mode 100644 index 2f206ffb..00000000 Binary files "a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/Bihar_State_Disaster_Management_Authority_(BSDMA)\342\200\213.png" and /dev/null differ diff --git "a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/Bihar_State_Disaster_Management_Authority_(BSDMA)\342\200\213.webp" "b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/Bihar_State_Disaster_Management_Authority_(BSDMA)\342\200\213.webp" new file mode 100644 index 00000000..580028c0 Binary files /dev/null and "b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/Bihar_State_Disaster_Management_Authority_(BSDMA)\342\200\213.webp" differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/ceh_mou.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/ceh_mou.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 68cfdbe6..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/ceh_mou.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/ceh_mou.webp b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/ceh_mou.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..81153e38 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/ceh_mou.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/moa_tkg.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/moa_tkg.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 14c73b15..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/moa_tkg.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/moa_tkg.webp b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/moa_tkg.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..52200b83 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/moa_tkg.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/mou_jhi.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/mou_jhi.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 71c70948..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/mou_jhi.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/mou_jhi.webp b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/mou_jhi.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4c6c8df9 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/mou_jhi.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-1.png b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-1.png deleted file mode 100644 index 3c8e0ea5..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-1.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-1.webp b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-1.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c76fcb59 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-1.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-2.png b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-2.png deleted file mode 100644 index 9628d836..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-2.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-2.webp b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-2.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f171d460 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-2.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-3.png b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-3.png deleted file mode 100644 index ccea187f..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-3.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-3.webp b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-3.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e3c1fd18 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-3.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-4.png b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-4.png deleted file mode 100644 index f3929721..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-4.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-4.webp b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-4.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cfc33da9 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-4.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-5.png b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-5.png deleted file mode 100644 index 5da43331..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-5.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-5.webp b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-5.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8ea487ad Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-5.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-6.png b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-6.png deleted file mode 100644 index 8568ca19..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-6.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-6.webp b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-6.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..584f9136 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-6.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-7.png b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-7.png deleted file mode 100644 index 7f6e7e99..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-7.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-7.webp b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-7.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..250d04bc Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-7.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-8.png b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-8.png deleted file mode 100644 index 7ce5ea65..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-8.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-8.webp b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-8.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..99ec1901 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-8.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/research_theme.png b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/research_theme.png deleted file mode 100644 index ad380f1f..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/research_theme.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/research_theme.webp b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/research_theme.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5ed5fdee Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/research_theme.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/research_theme_with_background.png b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/research_theme_with_background.png deleted file mode 100644 index 267624ce..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/research_theme_with_background.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/research_theme_with_background.webp b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/research_theme_with_background.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e8f68798 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/research_theme_with_background.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Alam-Jenkins.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Alam-Jenkins.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index f26c2a1b..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Alam-Jenkins.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Alam-Jenkins.webp b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Alam-Jenkins.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7c6ffbe7 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Alam-Jenkins.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Balaji-Devaraju.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Balaji-Devaraju.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 4812d4fa..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Balaji-Devaraju.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Balaji-Devaraju.webp b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Balaji-Devaraju.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..79a4885e Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Balaji-Devaraju.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Bob-Ferrier.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Bob-Ferrier.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 34fcbb6b..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Bob-Ferrier.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Bob-Ferrier.webp b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Bob-Ferrier.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3c86a578 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Bob-Ferrier.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Chandra-Rajulapati.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Chandra-Rajulapati.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 957b0063..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Chandra-Rajulapati.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Chandra-Rajulapati.webp b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Chandra-Rajulapati.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3a272414 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Chandra-Rajulapati.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Codrut-Andrei_Diaconu.webp b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Codrut-Andrei_Diaconu.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..76783a97 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Codrut-Andrei_Diaconu.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Francesco-Panese.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Francesco-Panese.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 81fa28df..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Francesco-Panese.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Francesco-Panese.webp b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Francesco-Panese.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f2ddd59c Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Francesco-Panese.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/GinaTsarouchi.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/GinaTsarouchi.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 2da4df88..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/GinaTsarouchi.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/GinaTsarouchi.webp b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/GinaTsarouchi.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e344fa7b Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/GinaTsarouchi.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Jasmeet-Judge.png b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Jasmeet-Judge.png deleted file mode 100644 index 2bb08d7e..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Jasmeet-Judge.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Jasmeet-Judge.webp b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Jasmeet-Judge.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..357f5953 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Jasmeet-Judge.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Mijic_Ana.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Mijic_Ana.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 3ab0a14d..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Mijic_Ana.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Mijic_Ana.webp b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Mijic_Ana.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..483215ff Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Mijic_Ana.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/MilindSharma.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/MilindSharma.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index e4bf1500..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/MilindSharma.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/MilindSharma.webp b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/MilindSharma.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..235571dc Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/MilindSharma.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/MurugesuSivapalan.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/MurugesuSivapalan.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 8641597b..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/MurugesuSivapalan.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/MurugesuSivapalan.webp b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/MurugesuSivapalan.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..33b2d6f0 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/MurugesuSivapalan.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Prof.Ana_Mijic.webp b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Prof.Ana_Mijic.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1ec38be5 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Prof.Ana_Mijic.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Prof.Ashish_Sharma.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Prof.Ashish_Sharma.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 70dca057..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Prof.Ashish_Sharma.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Prof.Ashish_Sharma.webp b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Prof.Ashish_Sharma.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4cfcbb76 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Prof.Ashish_Sharma.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Prof.Jonathan_Bamber.webp b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Prof.Jonathan_Bamber.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d0f0fc80 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Prof.Jonathan_Bamber.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Prof.Sankar_Arumugam.webp b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Prof.Sankar_Arumugam.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ec54c4f1 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Prof.Sankar_Arumugam.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Prof.Subodh_Sharma.webp b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Prof.Subodh_Sharma.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..93e279f1 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Prof.Subodh_Sharma.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Prof.Venkataraman_Lakshmi.webp b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Prof.Venkataraman_Lakshmi.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c43bde14 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/Prof.Venkataraman_Lakshmi.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/RebaPaul.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/RebaPaul.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index e741b56f..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/RebaPaul.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/RebaPaul.webp b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/RebaPaul.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0ad838d7 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/RebaPaul.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/RozemarijnterHorst.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/RozemarijnterHorst.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index fad6f037..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/RozemarijnterHorst.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/RozemarijnterHorst.webp b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/RozemarijnterHorst.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..154e5ec6 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/RozemarijnterHorst.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/walter-den.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/walter-den.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index e43bdee8..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/walter-den.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Visitors/walter-den.webp b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/walter-den.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..09ad894e Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Visitors/walter-den.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/2-3Aug-2019.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/2-3Aug-2019.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index f38a7d2f..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/2-3Aug-2019.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/2-3Aug-2019.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/2-3Aug-2019.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..23bb6bc5 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/2-3Aug-2019.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/23-25Sept,2019.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/23-25Sept,2019.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index bec919cd..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/23-25Sept,2019.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/23-25Sept,2019.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/23-25Sept,2019.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c907eb56 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/23-25Sept,2019.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/9sept-2022,2.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/9sept-2022,2.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index ca1e59f5..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/9sept-2022,2.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/9sept-2022,2.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/9sept-2022,2.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..30833579 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/9sept-2022,2.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/9sept-2022,3.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/9sept-2022,3.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 4b69038c..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/9sept-2022,3.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/9sept-2022,3.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/9sept-2022,3.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cd3004b2 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/9sept-2022,3.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/9sept-2022,4.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/9sept-2022,4.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 67621770..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/9sept-2022,4.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/9sept-2022,4.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/9sept-2022,4.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c3df9f9a Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/9sept-2022,4.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/9sept-2022.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/9sept-2022.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index bcf7143d..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/9sept-2022.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/9sept-2022.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/9sept-2022.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..64013cb5 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/9sept-2022.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/AC-meeting-Agenda-2021.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/AC-meeting-Agenda-2021.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 393db005..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/AC-meeting-Agenda-2021.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/AC-meeting-Agenda-2021.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/AC-meeting-Agenda-2021.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d91f583d Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/AC-meeting-Agenda-2021.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/ACIWRM_16032026.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/ACIWRM_16032026.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1fa74c12 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/ACIWRM_16032026.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/ACM3-1024.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/ACM3-1024.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 776e9bcd..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/ACM3-1024.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/ACM3-1024.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/ACM3-1024.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..08779ba9 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/ACM3-1024.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/ACS-1_16122024.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/ACS-1_16122024.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..08e0b8ed Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/ACS-1_16122024.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/ACS-2_16122024.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/ACS-2_16122024.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e1355fb0 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/ACS-2_16122024.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/ACS-3_17122024.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/ACS-3_17122024.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c6fb33da Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/ACS-3_17122024.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/ACS-4_17122024.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/ACS-4_17122024.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c4c931dc Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/ACS-4_17122024.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/ATCHA-III.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/ATCHA-III.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 59018e29..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/ATCHA-III.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/ATCHA-III.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/ATCHA-III.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..528dda8a Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/ATCHA-III.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Brainstorming-1.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Brainstorming-1.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 42025024..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Brainstorming-1.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Brainstorming-1.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Brainstorming-1.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5a2b0976 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Brainstorming-1.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Brainstorming-2.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Brainstorming-2.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 623cf578..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Brainstorming-2.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Brainstorming-2.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Brainstorming-2.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..dc74c7ae Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Brainstorming-2.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Brainstorming-3.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Brainstorming-3.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 04536109..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Brainstorming-3.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Brainstorming-3.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Brainstorming-3.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..21c26d54 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Brainstorming-3.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/CHANSE-Sep2018.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/CHANSE-Sep2018.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index bf3814e3..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/CHANSE-Sep2018.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/CHANSE-Sep2018.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/CHANSE-Sep2018.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b2e10ba3 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/CHANSE-Sep2018.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Dartmouth_1_13122024.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Dartmouth_1_13122024.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..85e6aafc Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Dartmouth_1_13122024.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Dartmouth_2_13122024.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Dartmouth_2_13122024.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..dc3dcd34 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Dartmouth_2_13122024.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Dartmouth_3_13122024.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Dartmouth_3_13122024.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f1d533fc Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Dartmouth_3_13122024.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H1.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H1.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index af93f2c0..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H1.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H1.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H1.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f0fe171f Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H1.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H2.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H2.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index e802bb72..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H2.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H2.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H2.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2398a603 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H2.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H3.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H3.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 7e7fd5bb..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H3.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H3.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H3.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5264d2ed Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H3.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20231.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20231.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 07121c50..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20231.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20231.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20231.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5f466756 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20231.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20232.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20232.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 576a0e50..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20232.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20232.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20232.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..499cc6fc Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20232.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20233.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20233.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index a170c7be..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20233.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20233.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20233.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5c0f07ce Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20233.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20234.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20234.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 59849113..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20234.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20234.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20234.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6a7e1f81 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20234.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20235.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20235.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 90aaef3d..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20235.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20235.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20235.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..69953f86 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20235.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/HydrologicalOutlook-2018.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/HydrologicalOutlook-2018.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index c63423d3..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/HydrologicalOutlook-2018.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/HydrologicalOutlook-2018.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/HydrologicalOutlook-2018.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..466e0920 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/HydrologicalOutlook-2018.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/IMG_0783-hoysala.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/IMG_0783-hoysala.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 6376b198..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/IMG_0783-hoysala.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/IMG_0783-hoysala.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/IMG_0783-hoysala.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0acc1ba2 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/IMG_0783-hoysala.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Indo-Taiwan_Delegation_08072026_1.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Indo-Taiwan_Delegation_08072026_1.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3ae22bad Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Indo-Taiwan_Delegation_08072026_1.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Indo-Taiwan_Delegation_08072026_2.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Indo-Taiwan_Delegation_08072026_2.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b8e8fc1c Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Indo-Taiwan_Delegation_08072026_2.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Indo-UK_WQSP2016.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Indo-UK_WQSP2016.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 76c20168..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Indo-UK_WQSP2016.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Indo-UK_WQSP2016.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Indo-UK_WQSP2016.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6881c9d3 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Indo-UK_WQSP2016.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_06092025_1.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_06092025_1.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..10fd3bdf Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_06092025_1.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_06092025_2.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_06092025_2.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..32dc0983 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_06092025_2.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_06092025_3.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_06092025_3.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..727cb346 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_06092025_3.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_270120251.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_270120251.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4d35f20d Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_270120251.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_270120252.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_270120252.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c21ca988 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_270120252.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_27112025_1.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_27112025_1.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..16016c5d Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_27112025_1.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_27112025_2.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_27112025_2.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0213812e Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_27112025_2.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_27112025_3.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_27112025_3.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b52a3109 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_27112025_3.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_27112025_4.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_27112025_4.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..147f682d Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_27112025_4.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Monsoon-School_Group_photo-2019.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Monsoon-School_Group_photo-2019.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index e3222370..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Monsoon-School_Group_photo-2019.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Monsoon-School_Group_photo-2019.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Monsoon-School_Group_photo-2019.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7224db17 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Monsoon-School_Group_photo-2019.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Monsoon-School_Group_photo-2023.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Monsoon-School_Group_photo-2023.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index d720f155..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Monsoon-School_Group_photo-2023.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Monsoon-School_Group_photo-2023.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Monsoon-School_Group_photo-2023.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..199cce0e Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Monsoon-School_Group_photo-2023.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NSM-Aug2019.1.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NSM-Aug2019.1.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 4d84b525..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NSM-Aug2019.1.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NSM-Aug2019.1.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NSM-Aug2019.1.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..569aed38 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NSM-Aug2019.1.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NSM-Aug2019.2.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NSM-Aug2019.2.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 4f21bae1..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NSM-Aug2019.2.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NSM-Aug2019.2.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NSM-Aug2019.2.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..bc478b69 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NSM-Aug2019.2.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NSM-Aug2019.3.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NSM-Aug2019.3.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 5b4c88db..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NSM-Aug2019.3.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NSM-Aug2019.3.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NSM-Aug2019.3.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..fe48aaa0 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NSM-Aug2019.3.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_06012025.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_06012025.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3227efc9 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_06012025.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_Group_06012025.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_Group_06012025.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b5292d69 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_Group_06012025.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_KSNDMC_06012025.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_KSNDMC_06012025.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7f9a0671 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_KSNDMC_06012025.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_KSNDMC_Group_06012025.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_KSNDMC_Group_06012025.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cf1c8510 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_KSNDMC_Group_06012025.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20231.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20231.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 76b90d33..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20231.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20231.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20231.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3dafd620 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20231.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20232.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20232.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index d6491618..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20232.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20232.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20232.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..082fe7b9 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20232.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20233.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20233.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 8bcc21c5..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20233.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20233.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20233.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..fd62e103 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20233.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20234.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20234.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 75772921..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20234.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20234.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20234.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..98c7ba4b Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20234.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20235.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20235.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index e74fc0fc..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20235.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20235.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20235.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8dad9350 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20235.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NepalDelegation_27012026_1.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NepalDelegation_27012026_1.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..889370ce Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NepalDelegation_27012026_1.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NepalDelegation_27012026_2.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NepalDelegation_27012026_2.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3be01a4e Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NepalDelegation_27012026_2.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/RBM_GIZ_13052026_1.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/RBM_GIZ_13052026_1.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..69e9b082 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/RBM_GIZ_13052026_1.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/RBM_GIZ_13052026_2.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/RBM_GIZ_13052026_2.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2af04120 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/RBM_GIZ_13052026_2.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Scale_issues.png b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Scale_issues.png deleted file mode 100644 index b41d359d..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Scale_issues.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Scale_issues.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Scale_issues.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2cc1f402 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Scale_issues.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Scale_issues2.png b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Scale_issues2.png deleted file mode 100644 index 29106e45..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Scale_issues2.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Scale_issues2.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Scale_issues2.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..47e27485 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Scale_issues2.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/THENSA_03072026_1.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/THENSA_03072026_1.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0aface46 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/THENSA_03072026_1.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/THENSA_03072026_2.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/THENSA_03072026_2.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b9cfdf3d Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/THENSA_03072026_2.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-1.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-1.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index b8bdafe8..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-1.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-1.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-1.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..112f2e5e Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-1.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-2.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-2.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index e39ee671..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-2.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-2.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-2.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..99a8211b Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-2.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-3.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-3.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 3e5cd296..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-3.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-3.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-3.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9538d556 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-3.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-4.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-4.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index b84cf25c..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-4.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-4.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-4.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..81f32cc3 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-4.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-5.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-5.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index b655ad6a..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-5.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-5.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-5.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..007b6f18 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-5.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-6.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-6.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index def49357..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-6.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-6.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-6.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f0bb8f5f Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-6.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-1.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-1.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 7fe9b7fe..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-1.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-1.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-1.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7ce8a389 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-1.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-12Feb2019.1.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-12Feb2019.1.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 0cb66247..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-12Feb2019.1.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-12Feb2019.1.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-12Feb2019.1.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7a81b675 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-12Feb2019.1.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-12Feb2019.2.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-12Feb2019.2.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 7f3b5884..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-12Feb2019.2.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-12Feb2019.2.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-12Feb2019.2.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9d19d184 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-12Feb2019.2.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-12Feb2019.3.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-12Feb2019.3.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 89a2c0df..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-12Feb2019.3.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-12Feb2019.3.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-12Feb2019.3.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2e060a17 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-12Feb2019.3.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-2.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-2.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 298f5bb4..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-2.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-2.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-2.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..235f9c1d Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-2.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-3.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-3.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 4316d05f..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-3.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-3.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-3.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f3e2ed6d Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-3.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-4.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-4.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index fdae4b33..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-4.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-4.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-4.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cdce9fdc Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-4.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UPSCAPE.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UPSCAPE.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index ed18f8fb..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UPSCAPE.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UPSCAPE.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UPSCAPE.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b172bca7 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UPSCAPE.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UPSCAPE_Meeting_Group_photo-MAR2019.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UPSCAPE_Meeting_Group_photo-MAR2019.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 7514d1cb..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UPSCAPE_Meeting_Group_photo-MAR2019.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UPSCAPE_Meeting_Group_photo-MAR2019.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UPSCAPE_Meeting_Group_photo-MAR2019.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..998a2933 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UPSCAPE_Meeting_Group_photo-MAR2019.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/WaterSecurity-2015.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/WaterSecurity-2015.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 3e7f2d8c..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/WaterSecurity-2015.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/WaterSecurity-2015.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/WaterSecurity-2015.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c8672ef5 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/WaterSecurity-2015.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/alfaTKG_1_12112024.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/alfaTKG_1_12112024.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..88ada58c Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/alfaTKG_1_12112024.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/alfaTKG_2_12112024.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/alfaTKG_2_12112024.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b05137b7 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/alfaTKG_2_12112024.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/alfaTKG_3_12112024.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/alfaTKG_3_12112024.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..90022d1e Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/alfaTKG_3_12112024.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/cosmos.png b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/cosmos.png deleted file mode 100644 index 79e6430a..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/cosmos.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/cosmos.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/cosmos.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..99c792c9 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/cosmos.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/cosmos1.png b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/cosmos1.png deleted file mode 100644 index 821850b4..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/cosmos1.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/cosmos1.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/cosmos1.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..68e0a7fa Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/cosmos1.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/if_workshop.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/if_workshop.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index ea63776d..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/if_workshop.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/if_workshop.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/if_workshop.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c12ce4ab Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/if_workshop.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/pic-collage-hoysalavillage.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/pic-collage-hoysalavillage.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 507e9c8f..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/pic-collage-hoysalavillage.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/pic-collage-hoysalavillage.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/pic-collage-hoysalavillage.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3ba36bb3 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/pic-collage-hoysalavillage.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/workshop-on-urban-floods-28-06-2018.jpg b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/workshop-on-urban-floods-28-06-2018.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 3d874c5d..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/workshop-on-urban-floods-28-06-2018.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/workshop-on-urban-floods-28-06-2018.webp b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/workshop-on-urban-floods-28-06-2018.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7d211560 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/workshop-on-urban-floods-28-06-2018.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/cCauvery_ICWaR.webp b/docs/assets/images/cCauvery_ICWaR.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..62c03c9a Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/cCauvery_ICWaR.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/cCauvery_Map.webp b/docs/assets/images/cCauvery_Map.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cf55fdd3 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/cCauvery_Map.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/dlr-logo.webp b/docs/assets/images/dlr-logo.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..35dfd356 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/dlr-logo.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/iitk-logo.webp b/docs/assets/images/iitk-logo.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4b690806 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/iitk-logo.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/img_avatar3.png b/docs/assets/images/img_avatar3.png deleted file mode 100644 index 2b831855..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/img_avatar3.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/img_avatar3.webp b/docs/assets/images/img_avatar3.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c7a170fd Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/img_avatar3.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/logo-icwar.png b/docs/assets/images/logo-icwar.png deleted file mode 100644 index 0af31c68..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/logo-icwar.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/logo-iisc.png b/docs/assets/images/logo-iisc.png deleted file mode 100644 index e1c9e8f3..00000000 Binary files a/docs/assets/images/logo-iisc.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/logo-iisc.webp b/docs/assets/images/logo-iisc.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6ac1873e Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/logo-iisc.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/new-Copy.gif b/docs/assets/images/new-Copy.gif new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2c45b9ee Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/new-Copy.gif differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/old-logo-icwar.webp b/docs/assets/images/old-logo-icwar.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c550c5d9 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/old-logo-icwar.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/images/uni-stuttgart-logo.webp b/docs/assets/images/uni-stuttgart-logo.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..79e80d15 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/images/uni-stuttgart-logo.webp differ diff --git a/docs/assets/pdfs/Courses/WR-201_WatershedModeling.pdf b/docs/assets/pdfs/Courses/WR-201_WatershedModeling.pdf new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a1985909 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/pdfs/Courses/WR-201_WatershedModeling.pdf differ diff --git a/docs/assets/pdfs/Courses/WR-202_GeodeticSignalProcessing.pdf b/docs/assets/pdfs/Courses/WR-202_GeodeticSignalProcessing.pdf new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e6c6bb10 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/pdfs/Courses/WR-202_GeodeticSignalProcessing.pdf differ diff --git a/docs/assets/pdfs/Courses/WR-203_AppliedGeochemicalModelingAndWaterQualityAnalysis.pdf b/docs/assets/pdfs/Courses/WR-203_AppliedGeochemicalModelingAndWaterQualityAnalysis.pdf new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2d26f9c5 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/pdfs/Courses/WR-203_AppliedGeochemicalModelingAndWaterQualityAnalysis.pdf differ diff --git a/docs/assets/pdfs/Courses/WR-204_AqueousGeochemistry.pdf b/docs/assets/pdfs/Courses/WR-204_AqueousGeochemistry.pdf new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1211924e Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/pdfs/Courses/WR-204_AqueousGeochemistry.pdf differ diff --git a/docs/assets/pdfs/Facilities/Anions & Cations Analysis Services_ICWaR.pdf b/docs/assets/pdfs/Facilities/Anions & Cations Analysis Services_ICWaR.pdf new file mode 100644 index 00000000..71501ac6 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/pdfs/Facilities/Anions & Cations Analysis Services_ICWaR.pdf differ diff --git a/docs/assets/pdfs/Facilities/Bacteriological Analysis Services_ICWaR.pdf b/docs/assets/pdfs/Facilities/Bacteriological Analysis Services_ICWaR.pdf new file mode 100644 index 00000000..07cbbc6e Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/pdfs/Facilities/Bacteriological Analysis Services_ICWaR.pdf differ diff --git a/docs/assets/pdfs/Facilities/Basic Parameters Analysis Services_ICWaR.pdf b/docs/assets/pdfs/Facilities/Basic Parameters Analysis Services_ICWaR.pdf new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5d8d46f7 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/pdfs/Facilities/Basic Parameters Analysis Services_ICWaR.pdf differ diff --git a/docs/assets/pdfs/Facilities/Heavy Metals Analysis Services_ICWaR.pdf b/docs/assets/pdfs/Facilities/Heavy Metals Analysis Services_ICWaR.pdf new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9821a513 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/pdfs/Facilities/Heavy Metals Analysis Services_ICWaR.pdf differ diff --git a/docs/assets/pdfs/ICWaR WebLinks/ACIWRM_16032026.pdf b/docs/assets/pdfs/ICWaR WebLinks/ACIWRM_16032026.pdf new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b0276c1d Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/pdfs/ICWaR WebLinks/ACIWRM_16032026.pdf differ diff --git a/docs/assets/pdfs/ICWaR WebLinks/Short Report_NWA_06JAN2025.pdf b/docs/assets/pdfs/ICWaR WebLinks/Short Report_NWA_06JAN2025.pdf new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0114199a Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/pdfs/ICWaR WebLinks/Short Report_NWA_06JAN2025.pdf differ diff --git a/docs/assets/pdfs/Job Postings/Advertisement for RA position_072026.pdf b/docs/assets/pdfs/Job Postings/Advertisement for RA position_072026.pdf new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3e87f1e4 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/pdfs/Job Postings/Advertisement for RA position_072026.pdf differ diff --git a/docs/assets/pdfs/Job Postings/Advertisement for RA_NISAR.pdf b/docs/assets/pdfs/Job Postings/Advertisement for RA_NISAR.pdf new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3ae97015 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/pdfs/Job Postings/Advertisement for RA_NISAR.pdf differ diff --git a/docs/assets/pdfs/Job Postings/Advertisement for position_IMM.pdf b/docs/assets/pdfs/Job Postings/Advertisement for position_IMM.pdf new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3025f499 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/pdfs/Job Postings/Advertisement for position_IMM.pdf differ diff --git a/docs/assets/pdfs/Job Postings/NMM_Job_adv.pdf b/docs/assets/pdfs/Job Postings/NMM_Job_adv.pdf new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7abb0b42 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/pdfs/Job Postings/NMM_Job_adv.pdf differ diff --git a/docs/assets/pdfs/Job Postings/Program_Indo-French Monsoon School.pdf b/docs/assets/pdfs/Job Postings/Program_Indo-French Monsoon School.pdf new file mode 100644 index 00000000..68f54fc2 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/pdfs/Job Postings/Program_Indo-French Monsoon School.pdf differ diff --git a/docs/assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/HOW-BENGALURU-CAN-GET-RAIN-READY.pdf b/docs/assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/HOW-BENGALURU-CAN-GET-RAIN-READY.pdf new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0020f84c Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/HOW-BENGALURU-CAN-GET-RAIN-READY.pdf differ diff --git a/docs/assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/climateaction.live-Can Digital Twins Prevent Floods in Indias Megacities.pdf b/docs/assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/climateaction.live-Can Digital Twins Prevent Floods in Indias Megacities.pdf new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c4907a88 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/climateaction.live-Can Digital Twins Prevent Floods in Indias Megacities.pdf differ diff --git a/docs/assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/deccanherald.com-IISc-developed zero bacteria technology to be used in apartments to improve water quality in Sewage T.pdf b/docs/assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/deccanherald.com-IISc-developed zero bacteria technology to be used in apartments to improve water quality in Sewage T.pdf new file mode 100644 index 00000000..bac8c44d Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/deccanherald.com-IISc-developed zero bacteria technology to be used in apartments to improve water quality in Sewage T.pdf differ diff --git a/docs/assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/deccanherald.com-ILR dreams of a Pyrrhic victory.pdf b/docs/assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/deccanherald.com-ILR dreams of a Pyrrhic victory.pdf new file mode 100644 index 00000000..62f33801 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/deccanherald.com-ILR dreams of a Pyrrhic victory.pdf differ diff --git a/docs/favicon.ico b/docs/favicon.ico index fa26e907..17ef6d72 100644 Binary files a/docs/favicon.ico and b/docs/favicon.ico differ diff --git a/docs/index.html b/docs/index.html index 3c1167b5..365b8bbd 100644 --- a/docs/index.html +++ b/docs/index.html @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ - Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR) – IISc Bangalore + Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR) – IISc Bengaluru - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/main.1ab5cbf922f3f011.js b/docs/main.1ab5cbf922f3f011.js new file mode 100644 index 00000000..51e2e332 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/main.1ab5cbf922f3f011.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +(self.webpackChunkIISC_ICWaR=self.webpackChunkIISC_ICWaR||[]).push([[179],{341:(Ft,Je,W)=>{"use strict";W.d(Je,{AA:()=>De,Bz:()=>Ue,UL:()=>et,ld:()=>M,n9:()=>G,pu:()=>i,st:()=>re});const M=[{Chair:[{name:"Prof. Praveen C Ramamurthy",Designation:"Chair",department:"ICWaR & Professor, Department of Materials Engineering",phoneNo:"080 2293 2627",email:"praveen@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/Prof.PraveenCR.webp",website:"https://materials.iisc.ac.in/~praveen/",details:"PhD, University of Clemson, USA",researchInterest:"Electroactive polymers, Nanocomposite, Organic nanoelectronics, and sensors. Area of polymer electronics like Schott key diode, FET, OPVD, and sensors, with a current focus on the elucidation of the structure-property relationship of polymers to the performance of the devices and functionalization of nanocomposites."}]},{"Core Faculty":[{name:"Dr. Rajarshi Das Bhowmik",Designation:"Assistant Professor",department:"ICWaR",phoneNo:"080 2293 3224",email:"rajarshidb@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/Dr.RajarshiDB.webp",website:"https://rajarshidasbhowmik.com/",details:"PhD, North Carolina State University, Raleigh (USA)",researchInterest:"Hydro-climate modeling, extreme weather events and climate change Projections."},{name:"Dr. Bramha Dutt Vishwakarma",Designation:"Assistant Professor",department:"ICWaR",phoneNo:"080 2293 2870",email:"bramha@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/Dr.BramhaDV.webp",website:"https://gessiisc.github.io/group/",details:"PhD, University of Stuttgart, Germany",researchInterest:"Signal processing, Geodesy, time-series analysis, and hydrology."}]},{"Associate Faculty":[{name:"Prof. Govindasamy Bala",Designation:"Professor",department:"Centre for Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences",phoneNo:"080 2293 3428",email:"gbala@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/Prof.GBala.webp",website:"http://dccc.iisc.ac.in/web/balag_home.html",details:"PhD, McGill University, Canada",researchInterest:"Modelling climate change, carbon and water cycles, solar geoengineering, and the global and regional monsoon systems."},{name:"Prof. Sekhar M.",Designation:"Professor",department:"Department of Civil Engineering",phoneNo:"080 2293 2245",email:"muddu@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/Prof.MSekhar.webp",website:"http://civil.iisc.ernet.in/~muddu/",details:"PhD, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru, India",researchInterest:"Groundwater hydrology, agro-hydrology, satellite hydrology using numerical methods, geospatial & geophysical methods, optimization & inverse approaches."},{name:"Prof. Srinivas V. V.",Designation:"Professor",department:"Department of Civil Engineering",phoneNo:"080 2293 2641",email:"vvs@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/Prof.VVSrinivas.webp",website:"http://civil.iisc.ernet.in/~vvs/",details:"PhD, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India",researchInterest:"Surface water hydrology, climate change impact, land-use/cover change, watershed regionalization, hydrometeorological monitoring, extreme event analysis, statistical hydroclimate modeling, streamflow/flood forecasting, urban drainage, dam performance/breach analysis."},{name:"Prof. Prosenjit Ghosh",Designation:"Professor",department:"Centre for Earth Sciences",phoneNo:"080 2293 2599",email:"pghosh@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/Prof.PGhosh.webp",website:"https://iiscprofiles.irins.org/profile/54858",details:"PhD, Devi Ahiliya Vishwa Vidhyalaya, Indore, India",researchInterest:"Paleo-atmosphere, stable isotopes, extinction events, carbon cycle, isotopic standards."},{name:"Prof. Ramananda Chakrabarti",Designation:"Professor",department:"Centre for Earth Sciences",phoneNo:"080 2293 3003",email:"ramananda@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/Prof.RamanandaChakrabarti.webp",website:"https://sites.google.com/site/ramanandachakrabarti/Home",details:"PhD, University of Rochester, USA",researchInterest:"Radiogenic and Non-Traditional Stable Isotopes, Proxy Development, Igneous, Sedimentary And Aqueous Geochemistry, Impact Cratering, and Cosmochemistry."},{name:"Prof. Utpal S. Tatu",Designation:"Professor",department:"Department of Biochemistry",phoneNo:"",email:"tatu@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/Prof.UtpalSTatu.webp",website:"https://biochem.iisc.ac.in/utpal-s-tatu.php",details:"PhD, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru, India",researchInterest:"One Health, neglected and emerging infectious diseases, protozoan parasites (Giardia lamblia, Plasmodium falciparum), fungal pathogens (Cryptococcus neoformans), environmental and waterborne pathogen transmission, pathogen adaptation in ecological niches, molecular mechanisms of survival, stress response pathways, and heat shock proteins (Hsp90)."},{name:"Prof. Sanjiv Sambandan",Designation:"Professor",department:"Instrumentation And Applied Physics",phoneNo:"080 2293 3196",email:"sanjiv@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/Dr.SanjivSambandan.webp",website:"https://iiscprofiles.irins.org/profile/66401",details:"PhD, University of Waterloo, Canada",researchInterest:"Electrcoagulation & Electro-oxidation."},{name:"Prof. Lakshminarayana Rao",Designation:"Associate Professor",department:"Centre for Sustainable Technologies",phoneNo:"080 2293 2051",email:"narayana@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/Dr.LakshminarayanaRao.webp",website:"https://iiscprofiles.irins.org/profile/147452",details:"PhD, McGill University, Canada",researchInterest:"Plasma Technology, Plasma Gasification, Syngas Cleaning, and Enrichment."},{name:"Prof. Mohan Kumar M. S.",Designation:"Honorary Consultant",department:"ICWaR",phoneNo:"",email:"msmk@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/Prof.MSMohanKumar.webp",website:"http://civil.iisc.ernet.in/~msmk/",details:"PhD, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru, India",researchInterest:"Water Resources and Environmental Engineering."}]},{"DST INSPIRE Faculty":[{name:"Dr. Thejna Tharammal",Designation:"DST INSPIRE Faculty",department:"ICWaR",phoneNo:"",email:"thejnat@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/Dr.ThejnaT.webp",website:"https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Yp2pA8QAAAAJ&hl=en",details:"PhD, University of Bremen, Germany",researchInterest:"Past and Future Climate Changes, Climate Modelling, and Isotope Hydrology."},{name:"Dr. Maya Raghunath Suryawanshi",Designation:"DST INSPIRE Faculty",department:"ICWaR",phoneNo:"",email:"mayas@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/Dr.MayaRSuryawanshi.webp",website:"https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=JQZywoIAAAAJ&hl=en",details:" PhD, Space Applications Centre, ISRO and Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India",researchInterest:"Remote Sensing, Altimetry, GRACE, Hydrology, Polar ice sheet."},{name:"Dr. Soumi Dutta",Designation:"DST INSPIRE Faculty",department:"ICWaR",phoneNo:"",email:"soumidutta@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/Dr.SoumiDutta.webp",website:"https://sites.google.com/view/soumi-dutta/home",details:" PhD, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India",researchInterest:"Water and wastewater treatment, membrane separation, self-cleaning and antifouling membranes, desalination, adsorption, selective metal recovery, nanomaterials, bio-based and antimicrobial materials, hydrogels, emerging pollutants (micro/nanoplastics, heavy metals, arsenic, uranium, PFAS), photocatalysis, microplastic degradation, constructed wetlands, sewage treatment, field-scale sustainable water remediation."},{name:"Dr. Manikanta Velpuri",Designation:"DST INSPIRE Faculty",department:"ICWaR",phoneNo:"",email:"manikantav@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/Dr.ManikantaV.webp",website:"https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=3sPIz-AAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao",details:"PhD, National Institute of Technology Warangal, India",researchInterest:"Hydrological Modelling, Prediction in Ungauged Basins, Ensemble Streamflow Forecasting, Floods, Compound Events, Spatio-temporal Disaggregation, Multi-Model Ensembling, Reservoir Optimization."},{name:"Dr. Jisha Joseph",Designation:"DST INSPIRE Faculty",department:"ICWaR",phoneNo:"",email:"jishajoseph@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/Dr.JishaJoseph.webp",website:"https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Y4xfqfsAAAAJ&hl=en",details:"PhD, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India",researchInterest:"Ecohydrological modelling and model development, human-water interface in hydrology, irrigation, groundwater abstraction, sustainable agriculture, climate impact attribution, uncertainty assessment in hydroclimatic simulation."}]}],G=[{"Former Associate Faculty":[{name:"Prof. Venugopal V.",Designation:"Professor",department:"Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences",phoneNo:"080 2293 3073",email:"venu@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/Prof.VenugopalV.webp",website:"",details:"PhD, University of Minnesota, USA",researchInterest:"Stochastic Hydrology, Space-time Structure and Scale-invariance of Precipitation, Precipitation Downscaling, Retrieval and Validation of remotely sensed Precipitation, and Cloud-resolving Models."},{name:"Prof. Nagesh Kumar D",Designation:"Professor",department:"Department of Civil Engineering",phoneNo:"080 2293 2666",email:"nagesh@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/Prof.DNageshKumar.webp",website:"http://www.civil.iisc.ac.in/people/nagesh-kumar-d/",details:"PhD, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru",researchInterest:"Climate Hydrology, Optimization in Water Resource Systems, Multicriteria Decision Making (MCDM) in Water Resources, and Remote Sensing for Irrigation Management."}]},{"Retired Faculty":[{name:"Prof. P. P. Mujumdar",Designation:"Professor (Retd.)",department:"Department of Civil Engineering",phoneNo:"",email:"",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/Prof.PradeepPMujumdar.webp",website:"",details:"PhD, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru",researchInterest:"Hydrological uncertainty, climate change, non-stationarity, land use change, urban precipitation extremes."},{name:"Prof. Subramanian S",Designation:"Professor (Retd.)",department:"Department of Materials Engineering",phoneNo:"",email:"",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Faculty/Prof.S.Subramanian.webp",website:"",details:"PhD, University of Mysore, India",researchInterest:"Surface and colloid chemistry, Mineral processing, Extractive metallurgy, Bio-processing and environmental control."}]}],i=[{Current:[{name:"Walter Samuel","Degree Registered":"PhD","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech, Water Resources Engineering and Management | IIT Guwahati (2017)","Name of Supervisors":"Prof. Venugopal V. and Prof. Ramananda Chakrabarti","Research Topic":"The Physical and Geochemical Characteristics of the Brahmaputra River Basin",email:"waltersamuel@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/WalterSamuel.webp"},{name:"Saubhik Das","Degree Registered":"PhD","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech, Water Resources Engineering and Management | IIT Guwahati (2019)","Name of Supervisors":"Prof. Venugopal V. and Prof. Jai Sukhatme",email:"saubhikdas@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/SoubhikDas.webp"},{name:"Chamarthi Sarat Chandra","Degree Registered":"PhD","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech, Water Resources Engineering | NIT Rourkela (2019)","Name of Supervisors":"Prof. Sekhar M. and Prof. Venugopal V.",email:"saratc@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/Sarat.webp"},{name:"Diljit Dutta","Degree Registered":"PhD","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech | IIT Guwahati","Name of Supervisors":"Prof. Srinivas V. V. and Prof. Govindasamy Bala","Research Topic":"Impact of climate change on compound coastal flooding risk in India",email:"diljitdutta@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/Diljit_Dutta.webp"},{name:"Vishakha Chauhan","Degree Registered":"PhD","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Sc, Chemistry","Name of Supervisors":"Prof. Praveen C Ramamurthy and Prof. Prosenjit Ghosh","Research Topic":"Development of Novel Organic Chelators for Selective Detection and Remediation of Emerging Contaminants in Water",email:"vishakhac@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/vishakha.webp"},{name:"Shairik Sengupta","Degree Registered":"PhD","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Sc, Environmental Science | Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi","Name of Supervisors":"Dr. Rajarshi Das Bhowmik",email:"shairiks@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/shairik.webp"},{name:"Vivek Kumar Yadav","Degree Registered":"PhD","Degree and Affiliation":"B.Tech, Civil Engineering | Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jhansi","Name of Supervisors":"Dr. Bramha Dutt Vishwakarma","Research Topic":"Historical reconstruction of GRACE-like global terrestrial water storage change",email:"viveky@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/vivekkumar.webp"},{name:"Sai Vikas Kona","Degree Registered":"PhD","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech, Water Resources Engineering | IIT Bhubaneswar","Name of Supervisors":"Dr. Rajarshi Das Bhowmik",email:"saikona@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/saivikas.webp"},{name:"Radhika Varshney","Degree Registered":"PhD","Degree and Affiliation":"Integrated M.Sc, Chemistry | National Institute of Technology, Rourkela","Name of Supervisors":"Prof. Praveen C Ramamurthy and Prof. Ramananda Chakrabarti",email:"vradhika@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/radhikavarshney.webp"},{name:"Balaram Shaw","Degree Registered":"PhD","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech, Water Resources Engineering | NIT Calicut","Name of Supervisors":"Dr. Bramha Dutt Vishwakarma",email:"balaramshaw@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/balaram.webp"},{name:"Vemuri Harini","Degree Registered":"PhD","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech, Civil Engineering | Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru","Name of Supervisors":"Dr. Rajarshi Das Bhowmik",email:"vemuriharini@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/Vemuri_Harini.webp"},{name:"Chethan V A","Degree Registered":"PhD (Engg.)","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech, Remote Sensing and GIS (Water Resources Specialization) | IIRS-ISRO, Dehradun","Name of Supervisors":"Dr. Bramha Dutt Vishwakarma","Research Topic":"Understanding the impact of tidal aliasing errors on GRACE gravity field recovery",email:"chethanv@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/ChethanVA.webp"},{name:"Yuji Shigefuji","Degree Registered":"PhD","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Engg, Watershed Conservation Engineering | University of Tsukuba (2008)","Name of Supervisors":"Prof. Sekhar M.","Research Topic":"Hybrid model for the coupled water and carbon fluxes integrating the process-based and data-driven approaches",email:"yujis@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/Yuji_Shigefuji.webp"},{name:"Vandana S","Degree Registered":"PhD","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Sc, Geoinformatics | TERI School of Advanced Studies (2022)","Name of Supervisors":"Dr. Bramha Dutt Vishwakarma",email:"vandanas1@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/Vandana_S.webp"},{name:"Endurance Orobosa Eguavoen","Degree Registered":"PhD (Engg.)","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Sc, Polymer Science and Engineering | Federal University of Technology, Owerri (2008)","Name of Supervisors":"Prof. Praveen C Ramamurthy and Prof. Krishna Sanjeev",email:"enduranceo@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/Endurance_OE.webp"},{name:"Abhirup Pal","Degree Registered":"PhD (Engg.)","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Sc, Statistics | Department of Statistics, Bangalore University","Name of Supervisors":"Dr. Bramha Dutt Vishwakarma",email:"abhiruppal@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/Abhirup.webp"},{name:"Dnyaneshwar Gawai","Degree Registered":"PhD","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech | IIT Kharagpur and German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Germany","Name of Supervisors":"Dr. Bramha Dutt Vishwakarma",email:"dnyaneshwarg@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/Dnyaneshwar_Gawai.webp"},{name:"Rahul Singh","Degree Registered":"PhD","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech, Water Resource Engineering and Management | IIT Guwahati","Name of Supervisors":"Dr. Rajarshi Das Bhowmik",email:"rahulsingh1@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/RahulSingh.webp"},{name:"Vishnudatha V","Degree Registered":"PhD","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech, Environmental Engineering | IIT Hyderabad","Name of Supervisors":"Prof. Lakshminarayana Rao and Prof. Sekhar M.",email:"vishnudathav@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/Vishnudatha.webp"},{name:"Preethi Alle","Degree Registered":"PhD","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech, Water Resources Engineering | IIT Bhubaneswar (2021)","Name of Supervisors":"Dr. Rajarshi Das Bhowmik",email:"preethialle@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/Preethi_Alle.webp"},{name:"Divya Dhakar","Degree Registered":"PhD","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Sc, Chemistry | Central University of Kerala (2024)","Name of Supervisors":"Prof. Praveen C Ramamurthy",email:"divyadhakar@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/DivyaDhakar.webp"},{name:"Dhrutikam Jena","Degree Registered":"PhD","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Sc, Applied Geology | NIT Rourkela","Name of Supervisors":"Prof. Ramananda Chakrabarti",email:"dhrutikamj@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/DhrutikamJena.webp"},{name:"Alok Kumar","Degree Registered":"PhD","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Sc, Environmental Science | Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi (2024)","Name of Supervisors":"Dr. Bramha Dutt Vishwakarma",email:"alokk@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/AlokKumar.webp"},{name:"Safal Jung Thapa","Degree Registered":"PhD","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Sc, Public Health Epidemiology | Kathmandu University, Nepal","Name of Supervisors":"Prof. Praveen C Ramamurthy",email:"safalthapa@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/SafalJT.webp"},{name:"Madhura P K","Degree Registered":"PhD","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Sc, Chemistry | Mangalore University (2021)","Name of Supervisors":"Prof. Praveen C Ramamurthy",email:"madhurap@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/MadhuraPK.webp"},{name:"Anamika Das","Degree Registered":"PhD (Engg.)","Degree and Affiliation":"BS-MS, Geological Sciences | IISER Berhampur (2025)","Name of Supervisors":"Prof. Sambuddha Misra and Dr. Rajarshi Das Bhowmik",email:"anamikadas@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/AnamikaDas.webp"},{name:"Anzeera Beegum TM\xa0","Degree Registered":"PhD","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Sc, Chemistry | University of Delhi (2025)","Name of Supervisors":"Prof. Prosenjit Ghosh",email:"anzeeratm@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/AnzeeraBeegumTM.webp"},{name:"Purva Sharma","Degree Registered":"PhD (Engg.)","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Sc, Environmental Science | Central University of Himachal Pradesh (2023)","Name of Supervisors":"Prof. Lakshminarayana Rao and Prof. Sambuddha Misra",email:"purvasharma@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/PurvaSharma.webp"},{name:"Rahul Kumar","Degree Registered":"PhD (Engg.)","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Sc, Geology | Patna University, Bihar (2024)","Name of Supervisors":"Prof. Praveen C Ramamurthy",email:"rahul5@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/RahulKumar.webp"},{name:"Prajakta Avinash Shinde","Degree Registered":"PhD (Engg.)","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech, Remote Sensing and GIS (Water Resources Specialization) | IIRS-ISRO, Dehradun (2025)","Name of Supervisors":"Dr. Bramha Dutt Vishwakarma",email:"prajaktas@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/PrajaktaAS.webp"},{name:"Mrinal Goswami","Degree Registered":"PhD (Engg.)","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Sc, Environmental Science | Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi (2025)","Name of Supervisors":"Dr. Bramha Dutt Vishwakarma",email:"mrinalg@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/MrinalGoswami.webp"},{name:"Amiya Kumar Sur","Degree Registered":"Joint PhD Degree","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Sc, Advanced Computer Science (Data Science) | University of Leeds","Name of Supervisors":"Dr. Bramha Dutt Vishwakarma","Research Topic":"Physics-Informed AI for Emulating Land Surface Models (CLM) to Improve Representation of Hydrological Processes and Water Resource Predictions",email:"amiyakumars@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/AmiyaKumarSur.webp"},{name:"Katroth Prem Singh","Degree Registered":"PhD (Engg.)","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech, Water Resources and Environment Engineering | IISc, Bengaluru (2026)","Name of Supervisors":"Dr. Rajarshi Das Bhowmik",email:"premsinghk@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/KatrothPremSingh.webp"},{name:"S. Hanumantharaju Kumarudu Babji","Degree Registered":"PhD (Engg.)","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech, Land and Water Resources Engineering | Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (2026)","Name of Supervisors":"Dr. Rajarshi Das Bhowmik",email:"hanumanthar2@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/SHanumantharajuKumaruduBabji.webp"},{name:"Nahida Begum M H","Degree Registered":"PhD (Engg.)","Degree and Affiliation":"BS-MS, Earth and Environmental Sciences | IISER Bhopal (2026)","Name of Supervisors":"Dr. Rajarshi Das Bhowmik",email:"nahidabegum1@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/NahidaBegumMH.webp"},{name:"Sumaya Irshad","Degree Registered":"PhD (Engg.)","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Sc, Environmental Science | Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi (2025)","Name of Supervisors":"Prof. Praveen C Ramamurthy and Prof. Lakshminarayana Rao",email:"sumayairshad@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/SumayaIrshad.webp"},{name:"Gaurav Jaiswal","Degree Registered":"PhD (Engg.)","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Sc, Environmental Sciences (Environmental Technology) | Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi (2024)","Name of Supervisors":"Prof. Lakshminarayana Rao and Prof. Praveen C Ramamurthy",email:"gauravjaisw1@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/GauravJaiswal.webp"}]},{Former:[{name:"Posa Poornima Chandra Lekha","Degree Registered":"PhD","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech, Water Resources Engineering and Management | NITK, Surathkal (2021)",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/posapoornima.webp"},{name:"Biswajit Panda","Degree Registered":"PhD","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech, Geotechnical Engineering | IIT Guwahati (2018)",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/Biswajit.webp"},{name:"Abhishek Chakraborty","Degree Registered":"PhD","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech, Water Resources Engineering and Management | IIT Guwahati (2018)",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/Abhishek-Chakraborty.webp"},{name:"Pavithra N","Degree Registered":"PhD","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech, Environmental Engineering | NIT, Surathkal (2018)",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/Pavithra.webp"},{name:"Siva Naga Venkat Nara","Degree Registered":"PhD","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech, Water Resources Engineering | IIT Bombay (2012)",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/venkat.webp"},{name:"Sneha Santy","Degree Registered":"PhD","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech, Environmental Engineering | NITK, Surathkal (2015)",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/sneha.webp"},{name:"Tresa Mary Thomas","Degree Registered":"PhD","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech, Hydraulics Engineering | IIT Roorkee (2017)",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/TresaThomas.webp"},{name:"Reshma Mohan T","Degree Registered":"PhD","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech, Water Resources and Hydroinformatics | Government Engineering College, Thrissur (2017)",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/Reshma Mohan.webp"}]}],re=[{name:"Prof. Sankar Arumugam","Designation and University of Visitior":"Professor in the Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering at NCSU",Duration:"13 April - 30 June, 2026",website:"https://ccee.ncsu.edu/people/sarumug/",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/Prof.Sankar_Arumugam.webp"},{name:"Prof. Venkatraman Lakshmi","Designation and University of Visitior":"Professor of Engineering in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia",Duration:"30 May - 17 June, 2025",website:"https://engineering.virginia.edu/faculty/venkataraman-lakshmi",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/Prof.Venkataraman_Lakshmi.webp"},{name:"Prof. Subodh Sharma","Designation and University of Visitior":"Professor of Environmental Science & Engineering at the School of Science, Kathmandu University",Duration:"07 March - 07 June, 2025",website:"",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/Prof.Subodh_Sharma.webp"},{name:"Prof. Venkatraman Lakshmi","Designation and University of Visitior":"Professor of Engineering in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia",Duration:"03 January - 14 January, 2025",website:"https://engineering.virginia.edu/faculty/venkataraman-lakshmi",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/Prof.Venkataraman_Lakshmi.webp"},{name:"Prof. Jasmeet Judge","Designation and University of Visitior":"Professor in the Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, University of Florida",Duration:"16 December, 2024 - 13 May, 2025",website:"https://abe.ufl.edu/people/faculty/jasmeet-judge/",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/Jasmeet-Judge.webp"},{name:"Prof. Ana Mijic","Designation and University of Visitior":"Professor of Water Systems Integration in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London",Duration:"26 November - 12 December, 2024",website:"https://profiles.imperial.ac.uk/ana.mijic",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/Prof.Ana_Mijic.webp"},{name:"Prof. Jonathan Bamber","Designation and University of Visitior":"Professor of Glaciology and Earth Observation, University of Bristol and Technical University Munich",Duration:"12 August - 07 September, 2024",website:"https://www.bristol.ac.uk/people/person/Jonathan-Bamber-5ae88269-7462-4eb3-a793-36833a74bfcd/",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/Prof.Jonathan_Bamber.webp"},{name:"Dr. Codrut-Andrei Diaconu","Designation and University of Visitior":"Doctoral Researcher, German Aerospace Center (DLR) Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling - 82234, Bavaria, Germany",Duration:"09 May - 09 June, 2024",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/Codrut-Andrei_Diaconu.webp"},{name:"Prof. Ashish Sharma","Designation and University of Visitior":"Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia",Duration:"07 - 08 April, 2024",website:"https://research.unsw.edu.au/people/professor-ashish-sharma",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/Prof.Ashish_Sharma.webp"},{name:"Dr. Chandra Rajulapati","Designation and University of Visitior":"Assistant Professor at Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba",Duration:"17 - 30 December, 2023",website:"https://umanitoba.ca/engineering/civil/chandra-rajulapati",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/Chandra-Rajulapati.webp"},{name:"Dr. Jasmeet Judge","Designation and University of Visitior":"Professor in the Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, University of Florida",Duration:"07 - 10 June, 2023",website:"https://abe.ufl.edu/people/faculty/jasmeet-judge/",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/Jasmeet-Judge.webp"},{name:"Dr. Balaji Devaraju","Designation and University of Visitior":"Assistant Professor at Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Kanpur",Duration:"28 May - 05 June, 2023",website:"https://iitk.ac.in/new/balaji-devaraju",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/Balaji-Devaraju.webp"},{name:"Prof. Ana Mijic","Designation and University of Visitior":"Professor, Reader in Water Systems Integration and Director of the\u202fCentre for Systems Engineering and Innovation (CSEI) at Imperial College London",Duration:"14 November - 24 December, 2022",website:"https://www.imperial.ac.uk/people/ana.mijic",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/Mijic_Ana.webp"},{name:"Prof. Walter Den","Designation and University of Visitior":"Professor, Texas A&M University, San Antonio ",Duration:"05 December, 2022",website:"https://apps.tamusa.edu/course-information/Profile/Faculty/462?=Walter-Den",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/walter-den.webp"},{name:"Prof. Alan Jenkins","Designation and University of Visitior":"Deputy Director and Science Director, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH)",Duration:"10 \u2013 15 August, 2022",website:"",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/Alam-Jenkins.webp"},{name:"Prof. Bob Ferrier","Designation and University of Visitior":"Director of CREW, The James Hutton Institute",duration:"10 - 15 August, 2022",website:"",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/Bob-Ferrier.webp"},{name:"Prof. Francesco Panese",Achievement:"International Student Delegation",Students:"El\xe9onore Petit, Jennifer Colombi, Roxane Borgeaud, Cl\xe9ment Porchet and Jacobo Vergara Restrepo","Designation and University of Visitior":"Full Professor, Institute of Social Sciences & Sciences and Technologies Studies Laboratory (STSlab), University of Lausanne",Duration:"08 August, 2022",website:"",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/Francesco-Panese.webp"},{name:"Ms. Rozemarijnter Horst","Fellowship Endowed":"Visiting Research Fellowship from Wageningen University","Designation and University of Visitior":"Lecturer and Ph.D. Researcher, Water Resources Management Group, Wageningen University, Netherlands",Duration:"03 January - 05 February, 2022",website:"https://www.wur.nl/en/Persons/Rozemarijn-RH-Rozemarijn-ter-Horst-MSc.htm",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/RozemarijnterHorst.webp"},{name:"Prof. Murugesu Sivapalan","Fellowship Endowed":"Satish Dhawan Visiting Chair Professor","Designation and University of Visitior":"Professor, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), USA",Duration:"17 October - 04 December, 2019",website:"https://cee.illinois.edu/directory/profile/sivapala",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/MurugesuSivapalan.webp"},{name:" Mrs. Reba Paul","Fellowship Endowed":"Short Term Research Fellowship from UTS Australia","Designation and University of Visitior":"PhD Scholar, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), Australia",Duration:"13 November, 2017 - 05 February, 2018",website:"https://profiles.uts.edu.au/Reba.Paul",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/RebaPaul.webp"},{name:"Mr. Milind Sharma","Fellowship Endowed":"Short Term Research Fellowship from Purdue University","Designation and University of Visitior":"PhD Scholar, Purdue University, USA",Duration:"30 June - 01 October, 2017",website:"https://www.purdue.edu/gradschool/ese/about/profiles/sharma.html",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/MilindSharma.webp"},{name:"Ms. Gina Tsarouchia","Fellowship Endowed":" Fellowship from HR Wallingford","Designation and University of Visitior":"PhD Scholar, HR Wallingford, UK",Duration:"28 March - 09 April, 2017",website:"https://www.iahr.org/individual-member/user?member_no=84257",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Visitors/GinaTsarouchi.webp"}],De=[{Current:[{name:"Dr. Retinder Kour",Designation:"Research Associate","Degree and Affiliation":"PhD, Remote Sensing | Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi (2018)",Project:"cCauvery: Condition Assessment and Management Planning (CAMP) for the Cauvery\xa0River\xa0Basin",email:"retinderkour@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/RetinderK.webp"},{name:"Dr. Ashlin Ann Alexander",Designation:"Research Associate","Degree and Affiliation":"PhD, Water Resources Engineering | IISc Bengaluru (2024)",Project:"SERB-CRG, MHRD-STARS",email:"ashlina@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/Ashlin_Ann_Alexander.webp"},{name:"Dr. Nagaraja O",Designation:"Senior Project Associate","Degree and Affiliation":"PhD | Kuvempu University",Project:"MOES Project (STARS)",email:"nagarajao@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/Nagaraja_O.webp"},{name:"Dr. K Satish Kumar ",Designation:"Research Associate","Degree and Affiliation":"PhD, Water Resources Engineering | Department of Civil Engineering, NIT Warangal (2023)",Project:"Development and integration of a dynamic and interactive aquifer layer to CFSv2 for improving extended-range monsoon prediction",email:"ksatishkumar@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.Satish_Kumar.webp"},{name:"Dr. Dagani Koteswara Rao",Designation:"Research Associate","Degree and Affiliation":"PhD, Hydraulics & Water Resources | IIT Hyderabad",Project:"Assessing the self-sufficiency and sustainability of water and food resources for consumption and production",email:"daganikotes1@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.Koteswara_Rao.webp"},{name:"Dr. Suyog Gupta",Designation:"Research Associate","Degree and Affiliation":"PhD, Environmental Science & Engineering | IIT Dhanbad (2023)",Project:"cCauvery: Condition Assessment and Management Planning (CAMP) for the Cauvery River Basin",email:"suyoggupta@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.Suyog_Gupta.webp"},{name:"Dr. Daljeet Singh Dhanjal",Designation:"Senior Project Associate","Degree and Affiliation":"PhD, Biotechnology | Lovely Professional University",Project:"cCauvery: Condition Assessment and Management Planning (CAMP) for the Cauvery River Basin",email:"daljeetd@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.DaljeetSD.webp"},{name:"Dr. Suhail Ahmad",Designation:"Senior Project Associate","Degree and Affiliation":"PhD, Remote Sensing & GIS | University of Jammu/Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS, ISRO) (2025)",Project:"cCauvery: Condition Assessment and Management Planning (CAMP) for the Cauvery River Basin",email:"suhailahmad1@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.SuhailAhmad.webp"},{name:"Dr. Janki Rangatia",Designation:"DBT-BioCARe Fellow","Degree and Affiliation":"PhD | Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich",Project:"Heavy Metal Bioremediation",email:"jankir@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.JankiRangatia.webp"},{name:"Dr. Sumanta Sahu",Designation:"ANRF Fellow","Degree and Affiliation":"PhD, Chemistry",Project:"COF-Based Materials and Membranes for Energy and Environmental Applications",email:"sumantasahu@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.SumantaSahu.webp"},{name:"Dr. Poulomee Coomar",Designation:"Institute Post-Doctoral Fellow","Degree and Affiliation":"PhD, Hydrogeology | IIT Kharagpur (2025)",Project:"Chemical weathering trends using Sr isotopic systematics",email:"poulomeec@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.PoulomeeCoomar.webp"},{name:"Dr. Nikita Kush Durgi",Designation:"Institute Post-Doctoral Fellow","Degree and Affiliation":"PhD, Chemistry",Project:"Synthesis of Organic Fluorophores for Sensing Applications",email:"nikitak@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.NikitaKushDurgi.webp"},{name:"Dr. Nruthya K",Designation:"Senior Project Associate","Degree and Affiliation":"PhD | IISc Bengaluru",Project:"cCauvery: Condition Assessment and Management Planning (CAMP) for the Cauvery River Basin",email:"nruthyak@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.NruthyaK.webp"},{name:"Dr. Reshma Radhakrishnan",Designation:"Institute Post-Doctoral Fellow","Degree and Affiliation":"PhD, Hydraulics and Water Resources Engineering | IIT Madras (2026)",email:"rreshma@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.Reshma_R.webp"},{name:"Dr. Manmit Kumar Singh",Designation:"Research Associate","Degree and Affiliation":"PhD, Civil Engineering | IIT Guwahati",Project:"Evaluating NISAR\u2019s Glacier related products in the Western Himalaya (NISAR-UP)",email:"manmitk@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.ManmitKumarSingh.webp"},{name:"Dr. Bindu M",Designation:"DST WISE Post-Doctoral Fellow","Degree and Affiliation":"PhD | NIT Calicut ",Project:"Polymer nanocomposites for energy and environmental applications",email:"bindu2@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.BinduM.webp"}]},{Former:[{name:"Dr. Rajani Pandey",Designation:"Research Associate",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.RajaniPandey.webp"},{name:"Dr. Simranjeet Singh",Designation:"DBT Fellow",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/Simranjeet_Singh.webp"},{name:"Dr. Venkatesh Budamala",Designation:"Research Associate III",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/VenkateshB.webp"},{name:"Dr. Maya Raghunath Suryawanshi",Designation:"Senior Project Associate",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/MayaR.webp"},{name:"Dr. Arindan Mandal",Designation:"Research Associate III",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/ArindanMandal.webp"},{name:"Dr. Tabasum Rasool",Designation:"Research Associate",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/tabasumrasool.webp"},{name:"Dr. Pushkar Sharma",Designation:"Post Doctoral Fellow",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/PushkarS.webp"},{name:"Dr. Abhinav Wadhwa",Designation:"Research Associate",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/AbhinavWadhwa.webp"},{name:"Dr. Rajesh. R",Designation:"Research Associate III",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/RajeshR.webp"},{name:"Dr. Gowri R",Designation:"Research Associate",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/gowri-r.webp"},{name:"Dr. Subir Paul",Designation:"Research Associate",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/subirpaul.webp"},{name:"Dr. Ruhhee Tabbussum",Designation:"IoE Postdoctoral Fellow",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/ruhheetabbussum.webp"},{name:"Dr. Gouri R Laxmeshwar",Designation:"Research Associate III",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/gourilaxmeshwar.webp"},{name:"Dr. Abhishek",Designation:"C. V. Raman Postdoctoral Fellow",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/abhishek.webp"},{name:"Dr. Vikas Poonia",Designation:"IoE Post-Doctoral Fellow",Duration:"Mar 2022 \u2013 Oct 2022",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/Vikas-Poonia.webp"},{name:"Dr. Simranjeet Singh",Designation:"Post Doctoral Fellow",Duration:"Sept 2020 \u2013 Sept 2022",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/Simranjeet_Singh.webp"},{name:"Dr. Jeenu Mathai",Designation:"Postdoctoral Research Associate",Duration:"Mar 2022 \u2013 Nov 2022",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/Jeenu_Mathai.webp"},{name:"Dr. Aafaq Nazir",Designation:"Postdoctoral Research Associate",Duration:"Feb 2021 \u2013 Aug 2022",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/postdoc-aafaqnazir.webp"},{name:"Dr. Shubha Avinash",Designation:"Specialist Scientist",Duration:"Jan 2022 \u2013 Oct 2022",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/Shubha-Avinash.webp"},{name:"Dr. Somil Swarnkar",Designation:"National Postdoctoral Fellow (NPDF)",Duration:"Jan 2021 \u2013 July 2022",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/Somil_Swarnkar.webp"},{name:"Dr. Soumendra Nath Bhanja",Designation:"C. V. Raman Postdoctoral Fellow",Duration:"Aug 2019 \u2013 June 2021",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/Soumendra_NB.webp"},{name:"Dr. Yogaraj Banerjee",Designation:"Postdoctoral Research Associate",Duration:"Jan 2019 \u2013 Nov 2020",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Post Doc/Dr.Yogaraj_Banerjee.webp"},{name:"Dr. Pankaj Dey",Designation:"Postdoctoral Research Associate",Duration:"May 2020 \u2013 April 2022",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/img_avatar3.webp"},{name:"Dr. Kaushik G S",Designation:"Postdoctoral Research Associate",Duration:"Sept 2019 \u2013 Jan 2022",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/img_avatar3.webp"},{name:"Dr. Shailza Sharma",Designation:"Postdoctoral Research Associate",Duration:"Oct 2020 \u2013 Nov 2021",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/img_avatar3.webp"},{name:"Dr. Ila Chawla",Designation:"Research Associate (Provisional)",Duration:"Aug 2018 \u2013 Dec 2019",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/img_avatar3.webp"}]}],Ue=[{Current:[{name:"Mr. Ramesh N",Designation:"Project Associate","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Sc, Agricultural Economics | University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru",Project:"cCauvery: Condition Assessment and Management Planning (CAMP) for the Cauvery River Basin",email:"rameshn@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Project Staff/Ramesh_N.webp"},{name:"Ms. Lipika Dutta",Designation:"Project Associate","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Sc, Geography | Presidency University, Kolkata; PG Diploma, Remote Sensing & GIS | Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS), ISRO",Project:"IGLOO-IHR: Investigating Glacier-Lake Interactions through Modelling and Observations to Assess Potential GLOF Areas in the Indian Himalayan Region",email:"lipikad@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Project Staff/Lipika_Dutta.webp"},{name:"Mr. Kritagya Kumar Singh Tomar",Designation:"Program Assistant","Degree and Affiliation":"M.A, Geography (Specialization in Hydrology) | University of Mumbai",Project:"IGLOO-IHR: Investigating Glacier-Lake Interactions through Modelling and Observations to Assess Potential GLOF Areas in the Indian Himalayan Region",email:"kritagyat@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Project Staff/Kritagya_Tomar.webp"}]},{Former:[{name:"Ms. Darshana Gautam",Designation:"Project Associate","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Sc, Atmospheric Sciences | Savitribai Phule Pune University (SPPU) and Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune",Project:"A Proxy and Modelling approach to Understanding Indian Summer Monsoon Precipitation Variability and Abrubt Shifts",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Project Staff/DarshanaG.webp"},{name:"Ms. P. N. Chandi Priya",Designation:" Junior Research Fellow","Degree and Affiliation":"MS (Research), Civil Engineering | IIIT Hyderabad (2022)",Project:"INSPIRE Project",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Project Staff/ChandiPriya.webp"},{name:"Ms. Prajakta Bhimrao Mali",Designation:"Project Associate-I","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech | Indian Institute of Remote Sensing",Project:"To establish centres for Cauvery River basin management studies in the states of Karnataka & Tamil Nadu",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Project Staff/Prajakta_Mali.webp"},{name:"Chethan D M",Designation:"Project Associate-I","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech, Environmental Engineering | University of Visvesvaraya College of Engineering, Bengaluru University",Project:"Investigation of metal transport in large river systems",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Project Staff/Chethan_DM.webp"},{name:"Ms. Preethi Alle",Designation:"Junior Research Fellow","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech, Water Resources Engineering | IIT Bhubaneswar (2021)",Project:"MHRD-STAR",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Project Staff/Preethi_Alle.webp"},{name:"Likhitha P",Designation:"Senior Research Fellow","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech, Water Resources Engineering | NIT Kurukshetra",Project:"National Supercomputing Mission",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Project Staff/LikhithaP.webp"},{name:"Karthika K",Designation:"Project Associate","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech, Remote Sensing and GIS (Specialization: Marine and Atmospheric Science) | IIRS, Dehradun",Project:"National Supercomputing Mission",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Project Staff/Karthika_K.webp"},{name:"Ananthula Rishika",Designation:"Project Associate","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech, Civil Engineering (Specialization: Water Resources and Environmental Engineering) | IISc Bengaluru (2023)",Project:"National Supercomputing Mission",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Project Staff/Ananthula_Rishika.webp"},{name:"Gaddam Nagaraju",Designation:"Project Associate","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Sc, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | University of Hyderabad (2021)",Project:"National Supercomputing Mission.",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Project Staff/Gaddam-Nagaraju.webp"},{name:"Ms. Anu S Patil",Designation:"Project Associate II","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech (Research), Water Resources and Ocean Engineering | NIT Surathkal (2019)",Project:"SERB-CRG Project",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Project Staff/Anu-S-Patil.webp"},{name:"Vandana S",Designation:"Project Associate I","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Sc, Geoinformatics | TERI School of Advanced Studies (2022)",Project:"Mapping Terrestrial Water Resources from Space (MATRA)",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Project Staff/Vandana_S.webp"},{name:"Chandan Kumar",Designation:"Project Associate","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Tech, Civil Engineering (Major in Water Resources and Environmental Engineering) | IISc Bengaluru (2022)",Project:"SERB-SRG Project",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Project Staff/chandan.webp"},{name:"Amin Shakya",Designation:"Senior Project Associate","Degree and Affiliation":"M.Sc, Water Science and Engineering | IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Netherlands (2021) & M.Sc, Hydro Science and Engineering | TU Dresden, Germany (2021)",Project:"IISc-ISRO Space Technologies Cell Project",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Project Staff/Amin Shakya.webp"}]}],et=[{Current:[{name:"G. B. Akshatha",Designation:"Administrative Assistant",phoneNo:"080 2293 2740",email:"akshathag@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Office Staff/Akshatha_GB.webp"},{name:"Ashwini.N",Designation:"Administrative Assistant",phoneNo:"080 2293 2740",email:"ashwinin@iisc.ac.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Office Staff/Ashwini_N.webp"},{name:"Krishna Kumar Pandey",Designation:"Technical Assistant",email:"krishnakp@iisc.ac.in",website:"https://www.krishnaspeaks.in",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Office Staff/Krishnakp.webp"},{name:"S Jayasheela",Designation:"Office Attendant",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Office Staff/Jayasheela_S.webp"},{name:"D Darshan",Designation:"Office Attendant",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Office Staff/Darshan_D.webp"}]}]},352:(Ft,Je,W)=>{"use strict";var M=W(481),G=W(322),i=W(256);let re=(()=>{class g{}return g.\u0275fac=function(h){return new(h||g)},g.\u0275cmp=i.Xpm({type:g,selectors:[["app-page-not-found"]],decls:11,vars:0,consts:[["id","notfound",1,"bg-light"],[1,"notfound"],[1,"notfound-404"],["href","#"]],template:function(h,A){1&h&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",0)(1,"div",1)(2,"div",2)(3,"h1"),i._uU(4,"Oops!"),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(5,"h2"),i._uU(6,"404 - Page not found"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(7,"p"),i._uU(8,"The page you are looking for might have been removed had its name changed or is temporarily unavailable."),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(9,"a",3),i._uU(10,"Go To Homepage"),i.qZA()()())},styles:["#notfound[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{position:relative;height:100vh}#notfound[_ngcontent-%COMP%] .notfound[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{position:absolute;left:50%;top:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%)}.notfound[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{max-width:410px;width:100%;text-align:center}.notfound[_ngcontent-%COMP%] .notfound-404[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{height:280px;position:relative;z-index:-1}.notfound[_ngcontent-%COMP%] .notfound-404[_ngcontent-%COMP%] h1[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{font-family:montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:230px;margin:0;font-weight:900;position:absolute;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%);background:url(https://img.freepik.com/premium-photo/blue-breaking-wave-with-funnel-bubbling-clear-water_124507-22421.jpg) no-repeat;-webkit-background-clip:text;-webkit-text-fill-color:transparent;background-size:cover;background-position:center}.notfound[_ngcontent-%COMP%] h2[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{font-family:montserrat,sans-serif;color:#000;font-size:24px;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;margin-top:0}.notfound[_ngcontent-%COMP%] p[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{font-family:montserrat,sans-serif;color:#000;font-size:14px;font-weight:400;margin-bottom:20px;margin-top:0}.notfound[_ngcontent-%COMP%] a[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{font-family:montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:14px;text-decoration:none;text-transform:uppercase;background:#0046d5;display:inline-block;padding:15px 30px;border-radius:40px;color:#fff;font-weight:700;box-shadow:0 4px 15px -5px #0046d5}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px){.notfound[_ngcontent-%COMP%] .notfound-404[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{height:142px}.notfound[_ngcontent-%COMP%] .notfound-404[_ngcontent-%COMP%] h1[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{font-size:112px}}"]}),g})();var De={"font-size":"1.35rem !important","font-family":"Sabon-next-lt","dropdown-color":"#d4ac92","dropdown-style":{color:"#c01919",background:"#721816","font-size":"1.5rem"}};const Ue={"global-settings":{"font-family":De["font-family"],"font-size":De["font-size"]},spreeMailUrl:"https://formspree.io/f/xzblzjgk",colorPallete:["#8D8741","#659DBD","#DAAD86","#BC986A","#FBEEC1"],navbar:{navLinksStyle:{background:"#084c61","font-size":De["font-size"]},style:{},navMenu:[{name:"Home",link:"/"},{name:"About",hasDropdown:!0,dropdownStyle:De["dropdown-style"],dropdownItems:[{name:"History",link:"/about-us",hasSubDropdown:!1},{name:"Admissions",link:"/redirect",redirect:"https://iisc.ac.in/admissions/"},{name:"Newsletter",link:"/newsletters"},{name:"Contact Us",link:"/contact-us"}]},{name:"People",hasDropdown:!0,dropdownStyle:De["dropdown-style"],dropdownItems:[{name:"Faculty",link:"/people/faculty",hasSubDropdown:!1},{name:"Former Faculty",link:"/people/formerFaculty"},{name:"Visitors",link:"/people/visitors"},{name:"Research Students",link:"/people/researchStudents"},{name:"Post Doctoral Scholars",link:"/people/postDoctoralScholars"},{name:"Project Staff",link:"/people/projectStaff"},{name:"Office Staff",link:"/people/officeStaff"}]},{name:"Courses",link:"/courses"},{name:"Research",link:"/research"},{name:"Facilities",link:"/centres-and-facilities"},{name:"Publications",link:"/publications"},{name:"Activities & Events",hasDropdown:!0,dropdownStyle:De["dropdown-style"],dropdownItems:[{name:"Workshops And Short Courses",link:"/events/workshop-and-meetings",hasSubDropdown:!0,dropdownStyle:De["dropdown-style"],subDropdownItems:[{name:"Workshops",link:"/events/workshop-and-meetings"},{name:"GRACE Hackweek",link:"/events/GRACE-Hackweek"},{name:"Monsoon School",link:"/events/monsoon-school"}]},{name:"Seminar Series",hasSubDropdown:!0,link:"/seminars",dropdownStyle:De["dropdown-style"],subDropdownItems:[{name:"Guest Seminars",link:"/seminars/guest-seminars"},{name:"Community Seminars",link:"/seminars/community-seminars"}]},{name:"Media Coverage",link:"/media-coverage"},{name:"Outreach",link:"/outreach"},{name:"Blogs",link:"/students-blogs"},{name:"Gallery",link:"/gallery"},{name:"Testimonials",link:"/testimonials"}]},{name:"Join ICWaR",link:"/join-icwar"}]},publications:{},footer:{style:{"background-color":"#084c61",color:"red"}}};let et=(()=>{class g{constructor(){this.configurations=Ue}}return g.\u0275fac=function(h){return new(h||g)},g.\u0275cmp=i.Xpm({type:g,selectors:[["app-contact-us"]],decls:39,vars:2,consts:[[1,"container-fluid","text-center","mt-3"],[1,"container-fluid","p-5","align-middle","d-flex","justify-content-center","row","w-100",2,"min-height","60vh"],[1,"row","justify-content-center"],[1,"col-md-4","col-sm-12","row","justify-content-center","mb-4",2,"line-height","2em"],[1,"container","col-12"],["href","mailto:office.icwar@iisc.ac.in",1,"fa","fa-envelope",2,"font-size","large","text-decoration","none"],[1,"fa","fa-phone","col-12",2,"text-decoration","none","color","black",3,"href"],[1,"col-md-1","d-md-block","d-sm-none"],[1,"col-md-3","col-sm-12"],["method","POST",1,"container","p-3","shadow",2,"border-radius","25px","border","#659DBD solid 1px",3,"action"],["for","firstName"],["type","text","name","firstName","required","",1,"form-control"],["for","lastName"],["type","text","name","lastName","required","",1,"form-control"],["for","email"],["type","email","name","email","required","",1,"form-control"],["for","message"],["name","message","rows","3","placeholder","Enter your message",1,"form-control"],["type","submit",1,"btn","shadow-lg","mt-3","offset-9",2,"background-color","#659DBD"]],template:function(h,A){1&h&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",0)(1,"h2")(2,"b"),i._uU(3,"Contact Us"),i.qZA()()(),i._UZ(4,"hr"),i.TgZ(5,"div",1)(6,"div",2)(7,"div",3)(8,"div",4)(9,"h3"),i._uU(10,"Office"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(11,"h6"),i._uU(12,"Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR),"),i._UZ(13,"br"),i._uU(14," Indian Institute of Science,"),i._UZ(15,"br"),i._uU(16," Bengaluru, Karnataka \u2013 560012, INDIA"),i._UZ(17,"br"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(18,"a",5),i._uU(19," office.icwar@iisc.ac.in"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(20,"a",6),i._uU(21," 080 2293 2740"),i.qZA()()(),i._UZ(22,"div",7),i.TgZ(23,"div",8)(24,"form",9)(25,"label",10),i._uU(26,"First Name"),i.qZA(),i._UZ(27,"input",11),i.TgZ(28,"label",12),i._uU(29,"Last Name"),i.qZA(),i._UZ(30,"input",13),i.TgZ(31,"label",14),i._uU(32,"Email"),i.qZA(),i._UZ(33,"input",15),i.TgZ(34,"label",16),i._uU(35,"Message"),i.qZA(),i._UZ(36,"textarea",17),i.TgZ(37,"button",18),i._uU(38,"Send"),i.qZA()()()()()),2&h&&(i.xp6(20),i.Q6J("href","callto:8022932740",i.LSH),i.xp6(4),i.s9C("action",A.configurations.spreeMailUrl,i.LSH))}}),g})();const Qe=["../../assets/images/Slide/Research/Slide2.webp","../../assets/images/Slide/Research/Slide3.webp","../../assets/images/Slide/Research/Slide5.webp","../../assets/images/Slide/Research/Slide9.webp","../../assets/images/Slide/Research/Slide12.webp","../../assets/images/Slide/Research/Slide13.webp","../../assets/images/Slide/Research/Slide16.webp","../../assets/images/Slide/Research/Slide17.webp"],Oe=[{details:"The Weather Research and Forecasting model is a mesoscale regional climate model that has been used for operational research. This model will be setup for the Bengaluru city to create reliable rainfall forecasts of high temporal and spatial resolution. ",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-8.webp"},{details:"It has been envisioned to develop an open-source web-portal on different downscaling techniques, specifically for urban areas. It is being developed in collaboration with the UNESCO. This web-portal is in a developing stage, and once it becomes operational, it is expected to provide an interactive interface for the urban climate change modelling community. In addition to the provisioning of downscaled information for an urban setup, this web-portal will also serve as an information-sharing platform for cutting edge research on climate downscaling. Faculty/ P.I.: Prof. P. P. Mujumdar",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-7.webp"},{details:"(a) Boundary conditions given for the simulation (b) Velocity along the channel at the after 1000 secondsIn fluid dynamics, there are two fundamental approaches to study problems involving fluid flow. First is the experimental study which typically involves construction of scaled models and second is the theoretical study that involves obtaining solutions from differential equations that govern the fluid flow, either analytically or computationally. The governing equations that define a flow problem are in differential form and known as Navier-Stokes equations. The art of developing and solving these equations to obtain approximate numerical solutions is called computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Modern studies apply both experimental and CFD analysis and the two complement each other. As part of the Urban Flood Model project, one of the low impact development applications, i.e. porous concrete is being tested to use flood water as a resource, experimentally as well computationally. The simulations for flow through the compound channel which has a smaller section comprising of porous concrete are being carried out using commercially available CFD code of FLOW-3D. Further, flow through an entire channel of porous concrete will be analyzed for estimating the seepage of flood water through it. ",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-6.webp"},{details:"Conceptual model for evapotranspiration and recharge fluxes for various plots in the distributed hydrological model (DHM).",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-5.webp"},{details:"High intensity rainfall in Bengaluru city under climate change for near future (2021\u201350) for RCP 8.5 Scenario with 10 year return period. The figure shows uncertainty in rainfall intensities obtained from Bayesian analysis. Results from various GCMs (shown on X-axis), Reliability Ensemble Average (REA) and from Historical data are shown. The climate change projections clearly indicate an increase in high intensity rainfall.",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-4.webp"},{details:"Precipitation changes in idealized climate model simulations where forest are converted to grasslands over a) entire global land, b) boreal regions (50o-90oN), midlatitudes (20o-50oN) and d) tropical regions (-20o-20oN) . In the case global, boreal and mid-latitude deforestation, one can clearly find the movement of the ITCZ towards the southern hemisphere.",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-3.webp"},{details:"Variations in average monthly salinity as well as O and C isotopic compositions at the Hooghly estuary and its relationships with the amount of rainfall and Ganges discharge.",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-2.webp"},{details:"Integrated urban water management systems with sensor technologies.",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-1.webp"}],we=[{title:"MoU with Center for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), UK",details:"Prof. Anurag Kumar, Director, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India and Dr. Mark Bailey, Director, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, UK Showing Signed MoU",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/ceh_mou.webp"},{title:"MoU with James Hutton Institute, Scotland",details:"Dr. Bob Ferrier, Director, James Hutton Institute, Scotland and Mr. V. Rajarajan, Registrar, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru showing signed MoU ",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/mou_jhi.webp"},{title:"MoA with alfa-TKG, Japan",details:"Mr. Victor Chung, CEO, Jinpao, Thailand, Prof. P. P. Mujumdar, Chairman, ICWaR, Mr. V. Rajarajan, Registrar, Indian Institute Of Science, Bengaluru, and Mr. T. Takagi, CEO, alfaTKG, Japan showing the signed MoA.",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/moa_tkg.webp"},{title:"MoU with Bihar State Disaster Management Authority (BSDMA)\u200b",details:"",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/Bihar_State_Disaster_Management_Authority_(BSDMA)\u200b.webp"}],He=[{groupName:"Organic Nano electronics Group",leader:"Prof. Praveen C Ramamurthy",text:"Chairman at ICWaR, IISc Bengaluru",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research Groups/OneGroup.webp",websiteUrl:"https://materials.iisc.ac.in/~praveen/"},{groupName:"Hydroclim",leader:"Dr. Rajarshi Das Bhowmik",text:"Assistant Professor at ICWaR, IISc Bengaluru",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research Groups/Hydroclim.webp",websiteUrl:"https://rajarshidasbhowmik.com/"},{groupName:"Geodesy for Earth System Science (GESS)",leader:"Dr. Bramha Dutt Vishwakarma",text:"Assistant Professor at ICWaR, IISc Bengaluru",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research Groups/GESS.webp",websiteUrl:"https://gessiisc.github.io/group/"}],Mt={Ongoing:[{Title:"\tPost-processed Global Climate model outputs for India",Investigators:"Dr. Rajarshi Das Bhowmik (PI)",Sponsor:"DST INSPIRE"},{Title:"Development and application of a stochastic rainfall generator (SRG) to account for unprecedented rainfall events.",Investigators:"Dr. Rajarshi Das Bhowmik (PI), Prof. D Nagesh Kumar (Co PI)",Sponsor:"SERB Core Research Grant"},{Title:"\tMapping Terrestrial Water Resources from Space",Investigators:"Dr. Bramha Dutt Vishwakarma (PI); Prof. D Nagesh Kumar (Co PI); Dr. Sharad Chander, SAC-ISRO (Co PI); Dr. Bhaskar R. Nikam, IIRS-ISRO (Co PI)",Sponsor:"SERB"},{Title:"Improving the spatial resolution of GRACE TWS for India using remote sensing datasets and modeling approach",Investigators:"Dr. Bramha Dutt Vishwakarma (PI)",Sponsor:"IISc-ISRO STC"},{Title:"Advanced Research in Hydrology and Knowledge Dissemination",Investigators:"Prof P P Mujumdar (PI); Prof Nagesh Kumar D (Co PI); Prof M Sekhar (Co PI); Prof V V Srinivas (Co PI); Prof Govindasamy Bala (Co PI); Prof Venugopal V (Co PI);Prof Prosenjit Ghosh (Co PI); Dr Ramananda Chakrabarti (Co PI) ",Sponsor:"MoES"},{Title:"\tIntelligent water supply network monitoring and control for EQuitable Distribution of Water within Mega city (EQWATER)",Investigators:"Prof V V Srinivas (PI); Lakshminarayana Rao M P (Co PI); Amrutur Bharadwaj (Co PI); Rajesh Sundaresan (Co PI); Yogesh Simmhan (Co PI); R. Parthasarathy (Co PI); Chiranjib Bhattacharyya (Co PI); P. N. Ravindra (BWSSB) (Co PI)",Sponsor:"MHRD"},{Title:"Urban Modelling: Development of Multi-sectorial Simulation Lab and Science- Based Decision Support Framework to Address Urban Environmental Issues",Investigators:"Prof P P Mujumdar (PI); Prof B S Murthy (IIT Madras) (Co PI); Dr G S Srinivasa Reddy (KSNDMC) (Co PI)",Sponsor:"DST and MeitY (Under National Supercomputing Mission (NSM))"},{Title:"Smart water Solutions in Agriculture: Integration of Sensors, Satellite & ICT tools",Investigators:"Prof M Sekhar (PI) Rajendra Nath Goswami (Robert Bosch) (Co PI)",Sponsor:"MHRD"},{Title:"Impact Assessment of Climate and Land-use/ Land-cover Changes on Hydrology and Storm water drain Network of Bengaluru Urban area",Investigators:"Prof V V Srinivas (PI) Prof Govindasamy Bala (Co PI)",Sponsor:"DST"},{Title:"\tFunding for Post-doctoral Work at Indian Institute of Science in Bengaluru Related to Soil water Monitoring and Modelling",Investigators:"Prof P P Mujumdar (PI) M Sekhar (Co PI) James Hutton Institute (JHI) Scotland (Co PI)",Sponsor:"CEH, UK"},{Title:"Estimation of Higher resolution Soil moisture Over UK Combining Active and Passive Microwave Satellite data",Investigators:"Prof M Sekhar (PI)",Sponsor:"\tCEH, UK"},{Title:"Hydro Nation International Fellows Programme",Investigators:"Prof M Sekhar (PI) James Hutton Institute (JHI), UK (Co PI) Buvaneshwari S (Co PI)",Sponsor:"JHI, UK"}],Completed:[{Title:"Start-up grant ",Investigators:"Dr. Rajarshi Das Bhowmik (PI)",Sponsor:"IISc"},{Title:"Likely Impacts of Climate Change on the Water Resources of Karnataka State",Investigators:"Prof P P Mujumdar (PI)",Sponsor:"EMPRI"},{Title:"Urban Flood Model for Bengaluru (UFM)",Investigators:"Prof P P Mujumdar (PI) Dr. G S Srinivasa Reddy (KSNDMC) (Co PI)",Sponsor:"DST"},{Title:"Upscaling Catchment Processes for Sustainable Water Management in Peninsular India (Newton \u2013 Bhabha Project) (Collaborative project with Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), UK; ICWaR is the Indian Lead)",Investigators:"Prof P P Mujumdar (PI); Prof M Sekhar (Co PI); ATREE (Co PI); ICRISAT (Co PI)",Sponsor:"MoES"},{Title:"Statistical Downscaling for Hydro-climatic projections with CMIP5 Simulations to Assess Impact of Climate Change",Investigators:"Prof P P Mujumdar (PI)",Sponsor:"MoWR"},{Title:"Coupled human and Natural systems environment (CHANSE) for water management under uncertainty in the Indo- Gangetic Plain (Newton-Bhabha Project) (Collaborative project with Imperial College London; IIT Bombay is the Lead; ICWaR is partner)",Investigators:"Prof P P Mujumdar (PI)",Sponsor:"MoES"},{Title:"DST Urban Climate Network Workshop",Investigators:"Prof P P Mujumdar (PI)",Sponsor:"DST"},{Title:"Design of an Expert System for Flood forecasting and management for the city of Chennai",Investigators:"Prof P P Mujumdar (PI)",Sponsor:"PSA"},{Title:"Develop a Portal on Downscaled Information for Smart city as a Permanent website for Training Purposes and Organize Monsoon School on Urban Floods using ICT\u2019s",Investigators:"Prof P P Mujumdar (PI)",Sponsor:"UNESCO"}],Abbreviations:[{CEH:"Centre for Ecology & Hydrology"},{DST:"Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India"},{EMPRI:"Environmental and Policy Research Institute"},{IISc:"Indian Institute of Science"},{INSPIRE:"Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research"},{ISRO:"Indian Space Research Organisation"},{JHI:"James Hutton Institute"},{MHRD:"Ministry of Human Resource Developmen"},{MoES:"Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India"},{MoWR:"Ministry of Water Resources, Govt. of India"},{NSM:"National Supercomputing Mission"},{PSA:"Office of Principal Scientific Advisor"},{SERB:"Science and Engineering Research Board"},{STC:"Space Technology Cell"},{UNESCO:"United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization"}]};var ue=W(895);const ke=["scrollToTopButton"];function _e(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.ynx(0),i.TgZ(1,"div",35),i._UZ(2,"img",36)(3,"div",37),i.qZA(),i.BQk()),2&g){const h=_.$implicit,A=_.index;i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("ngClass",0==A?"active":null),i.xp6(1),i.s9C("src",h,i.LSH)}}function We(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",11)(1,"div",12)(2,"div",13)(3,"h3",14)(4,"b"),i._uU(5,"About"),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(6,"p",15),i._uU(7," The Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR) at the Institute is set up with an aim to address water-related issues that have formidable scientific challenges and more importantly, considerable practical relevance. A major objective of this centre is to develop tools and templates using state-of\u2013the-art sensor-communication, satellite information- and nano- technologies to provide implementable solutions to the water problems faced by the society with respect to climate change, water demand, water quality, extremes of floods and droughts, and salinity intrusion in coastal aquifers. Within a short period of time, the centre has made high-impact research contributions in the area of water resources at regional and global levels. "),i.qZA()()(),i.TgZ(8,"div",16)(9,"div",17),i._UZ(10,"button",18)(11,"button",19)(12,"button",20)(13,"button",21)(14,"button",22)(15,"button",23)(16,"button",24)(17,"button",25)(18,"button",26)(19,"button",27),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(20,"div",28),i.YNc(21,_e,4,2,"ng-container",29),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(22,"button",30),i._UZ(23,"span",31),i.TgZ(24,"span",32),i._uU(25,"Previous"),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(26,"button",33),i._UZ(27,"span",34),i.TgZ(28,"span",32),i._uU(29,"Next"),i.qZA()()()()),2&g){const h=i.oxw();i.xp6(21),i.Q6J("ngForOf",h.slides)}}function Ve(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"tr")(1,"td"),i._uU(2),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(3,"td"),i._uU(4),i.qZA()()),2&g){const h=_.$implicit,A=i.oxw(3);i.xp6(2),i.Oqu(A.getKey(h)),i.xp6(2),i.Oqu(h[A.getKey(h)])}}function tn(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"div")(1,"h2"),i._uU(2,"Abbreviations"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(3,"table",45)(4,"thead")(5,"tr")(6,"th"),i._uU(7,"Abbreviation"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(8,"th"),i._uU(9,"Definition"),i.qZA()()(),i.TgZ(10,"tbody"),i.YNc(11,Ve,5,2,"tr",29),i.qZA()()()),2&g){const h=i.oxw(2);i.xp6(11),i.Q6J("ngForOf",h.abbreviations)}}function Ye(g,_){1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"h2"),i._uU(1,"Ongoing Projects"),i.qZA())}function Ze(g,_){1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"h2"),i._uU(1,"Completed Projects"),i.qZA())}function Te(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"tr")(1,"td"),i._uU(2),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(3,"td"),i._uU(4),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(5,"td"),i._uU(6),i.qZA()()),2&g){const h=_.$implicit;i.xp6(2),i.Oqu(h.Title),i.xp6(2),i.Oqu(h.Investigators),i.xp6(2),i.Oqu(h.Sponsor)}}function pt(g,_){if(1&g){const h=i.EpF();i.TgZ(0,"div")(1,"h3",38)(2,"b"),i._uU(3,"Projects"),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(4,"div",39)(5,"div",40),i.YNc(6,tn,12,1,"div",9),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(7,"div",41)(8,"div",2)(9,"div",42)(10,"button",43),i.NdJ("click",function(){i.CHM(h);const H=i.oxw();return i.KtG(H.setActiveTab("ongoing"))}),i._uU(11,"Ongoing Projects"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(12,"button",43),i.NdJ("click",function(){i.CHM(h);const H=i.oxw();return i.KtG(H.setActiveTab("completed"))}),i._uU(13,"Completed Projects"),i.qZA()()(),i.TgZ(14,"div",44),i.YNc(15,Ye,2,0,"h2",9),i.YNc(16,Ze,2,0,"h2",9),i.TgZ(17,"table",45)(18,"thead")(19,"tr")(20,"th"),i._uU(21,"Title"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(22,"th"),i._uU(23,"Investigators"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(24,"th"),i._uU(25,"Sponsor"),i.qZA()()(),i.TgZ(26,"tbody"),i.YNc(27,Te,7,3,"tr",29),i.qZA()()()()()()}if(2&g){const h=i.oxw();i.xp6(6),i.Q6J("ngIf",h.abbreviations.length>0),i.xp6(4),i.ekj("selected","ongoing"===h.activeTab),i.xp6(2),i.ekj("selected","completed"===h.activeTab),i.xp6(3),i.Q6J("ngIf","ongoing"===h.activeTab),i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("ngIf","completed"===h.activeTab),i.xp6(11),i.Q6J("ngForOf","ongoing"===h.activeTab?h.research_projects.Ongoing:h.research_projects.Completed)}}function D(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",48)(1,"section",49),i._UZ(2,"img",50),i.TgZ(3,"div",44)(4,"h5",51),i._uU(5),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(6,"p",52),i._uU(7),i.qZA()()()()),2&g){const h=_.$implicit;i.xp6(2),i.Q6J("src",h.imgSrc,i.LSH),i.xp6(3),i.Oqu(h.title),i.xp6(2),i.Oqu(h.details)}}function be(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"div")(1,"h3",38)(2,"b"),i._uU(3,"Collaborations"),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(4,"div",46)(5,"div",2),i.YNc(6,D,8,3,"div",47),i.qZA()()()),2&g){const h=i.oxw();i.xp6(6),i.Q6J("ngForOf",h.collaborations)}}function Ae(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",55),i._UZ(1,"img",56),i.TgZ(2,"div",57),i._uU(3),i.TgZ(4,"h3"),i._UZ(5,"br"),i.TgZ(6,"a",58),i._uU(7),i.qZA()()()()),2&g){const h=_.$implicit;i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("src",h.imgSrc,i.LSH)("alt",h.groupName),i.xp6(2),i.AsE(" The group is led by ",h.leader,", ",h.text,". "),i.xp6(3),i.Q6J("href",h.websiteUrl,i.LSH),i.xp6(1),i.Oqu(h.groupName)}}function Pe(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"div")(1,"h3",38)(2,"b"),i._uU(3,"Groups"),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(4,"div",53),i.YNc(5,Ae,8,6,"div",54),i.qZA()()),2&g){const h=i.oxw();i.xp6(5),i.Q6J("ngForOf",h.groups)}}let je=(()=>{class g{constructor(){this.slides=Qe,this.research_projects=Mt,this.abbreviations=[],this.activeTab="ongoing",this.showProjects=!1,this.research_vignettes=Oe,this.showVignettes=!1,this.collaborations=we,this.showCollaborations=!1,this.showAboutSection=!0,this.showGroups=!1,this.groups=He,this.fetchAbbreviations(),window.addEventListener("scroll",this.scrollFunction.bind(this))}setActiveTab(h){this.activeTab=h,this.fetchAbbreviations()}fetchAbbreviations(){this.abbreviations=this.research_projects.Abbreviations}getKey(h){return Object.keys(h)[0]}toggleSection(h){this.showProjects="projects"===h,this.showVignettes="vignettes"===h,this.showCollaborations="collaborations"===h,this.showAboutSection="about"===h,this.showGroups="groups"===h}scrollFunction(){this.scrollToTopButton&&(this.scrollToTopButton.nativeElement.style.display=window.scrollY>300?"block":"none")}scrollToTop(){window.scrollTo({top:0,behavior:"smooth"})}}return g.\u0275fac=function(h){return new(h||g)},g.\u0275cmp=i.Xpm({type:g,selectors:[["app-research-new"]],viewQuery:function(h,A){if(1&h&&i.Gf(ke,5),2&h){let H;i.iGM(H=i.CRH())&&(A.scrollToTopButton=H.first)}},decls:26,vars:12,consts:[[1,"container-fluid"],[1,"mt-3","px-5"],[1,"row"],[1,"col-md-5"],[1,"col-md-7","col-12"],[1,"d-flex","flex-wrap","justify-content-end"],[1,"btn","me-2",3,"click"],["routerLink","/centres-and-facilities",1,"btn","me-2"],["class","row mx-1",4,"ngIf"],[4,"ngIf"],[1,"scroll-to-top","d-none","d-md-block",3,"click"],[1,"row","mx-1"],[1,"col-md-4","mb-5","me-md-5"],[1,"card","p-3","bg-light"],[1,"py-1"],[2,"text-align","justify"],["id","carouselExample","data-bs-ride","carousel","data-bs-interval","4000",1,"carousel","slide","bg-dark","p-1","col-md-7","col-12","d-flex","align-items-center","justify-content-center","mb-5"],[1,"carousel-indicators"],["type","button","data-bs-target","#carouselExample","data-bs-slide-to","0","aria-current","true","aria-label","Slide 1",1,"active"],["type","button","data-bs-target","#carouselExample","data-bs-slide-to","1","aria-label","Slide 2"],["type","button","data-bs-target","#carouselExample","data-bs-slide-to","2","aria-label","Slide 3"],["type","button","data-bs-target","#carouselExample","data-bs-slide-to","3","aria-label","Slide 4"],["type","button","data-bs-target","#carouselExample","data-bs-slide-to","4","aria-label","Slide 5"],["type","button","data-bs-target","#carouselExample","data-bs-slide-to","5","aria-label","Slide 6"],["type","button","data-bs-target","#carouselExample","data-bs-slide-to","6","aria-label","Slide 7"],["type","button","data-bs-target","#carouselExample","data-bs-slide-to","7","aria-label","Slide 8"],["type","button","data-bs-target","#carouselExample","data-bs-slide-to","8","aria-label","Slide 9"],["type","button","data-bs-target","#carouselExample","data-bs-slide-to","9","aria-label","Slide 10"],[1,"carousel-inner"],[4,"ngFor","ngForOf"],["type","button","data-bs-target","#carouselExample","data-bs-slide","prev",1,"carousel-control-prev"],["aria-hidden","true",1,"carousel-control-prev-icon"],[1,"visually-hidden"],["type","button","data-bs-target","#carouselExample","data-bs-slide","next",1,"carousel-control-next"],["aria-hidden","true",1,"carousel-control-next-icon"],[1,"carousel-item",3,"ngClass"],["alt","...",1,"d-block","w-100",3,"src"],[1,"d-flex","flex-column","h-100","align-items-center","justify-content-center"],[1,"text-center","mb-3"],[1,"m-md-2","p-2","row","bg-light"],[1,"abbreviations","col-12","shadow","col-md-3","align-middle","align-items-center","card","p-3","pb-3",2,"height","fit-content"],[1,"projects","col-12","col-md-8","shadow","offset-md-1","align-items-center","align-middle","p-3"],[1,"col","pb-3"],[1,"btn","m-2",3,"click"],[1,"card-body"],[1,"table"],[1,"m-md-2","2","row","bg-light"],["class","col-md-3 mb-3",4,"ngFor","ngForOf"],[1,"col-md-3","mb-3"],[1,"card","p-2","h-100"],["alt","Collaboration Image",1,"card-img-top","img-thumbnail",2,"max-width","100%",3,"src"],[1,"card-title"],[1,"card-text"],[1,"card-group","m-md-2","p-2","bg-light"],["class","card m-3 card-hover-shadow",4,"ngFor","ngForOf"],[1,"card","m-3","card-hover-shadow"],[1,"card-img","card-header",3,"src","alt"],[1,"card-body","bg-light","p-3"],["target","_blank",3,"href"]],template:function(h,A){1&h&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",0)(1,"div",1)(2,"div",2)(3,"div",3)(4,"h2")(5,"b"),i._uU(6,"Research"),i.qZA()()(),i.TgZ(7,"div",4)(8,"div",5)(9,"button",6),i.NdJ("click",function(){return A.toggleSection("about")}),i._uU(10,"About"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(11,"button",6),i.NdJ("click",function(){return A.toggleSection("projects")}),i._uU(12,"Projects"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(13,"button",6),i.NdJ("click",function(){return A.toggleSection("collaborations")}),i._uU(14,"Collaborations"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(15,"button",6),i.NdJ("click",function(){return A.toggleSection("groups")}),i._uU(16,"Groups"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(17,"button",7),i._uU(18,"Facilities & Labs"),i.qZA()()()()(),i._UZ(19,"hr"),i.YNc(20,We,30,1,"div",8),i.YNc(21,pt,28,8,"div",9),i.YNc(22,be,7,1,"div",9),i.YNc(23,Pe,6,1,"div",9),i.TgZ(24,"button",10),i.NdJ("click",function(){return A.scrollToTop()}),i._uU(25,"\u2191"),i.qZA()()),2&h&&(i.xp6(9),i.ekj("selected",!(A.showProjects||A.showVignettes||A.showCollaborations||A.showGroups)),i.xp6(2),i.ekj("selected",A.showProjects),i.xp6(2),i.ekj("selected",A.showCollaborations),i.xp6(2),i.ekj("selected",A.showGroups),i.xp6(5),i.Q6J("ngIf",A.showAboutSection),i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("ngIf",A.showProjects),i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("ngIf",A.showCollaborations),i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("ngIf",A.showGroups))},dependencies:[ue.mk,ue.sg,ue.O5,G.rH],styles:[".btn[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{color:#080000;border-radius:5px;margin:3px;transition:background-color .3s ease;word-wrap:break-word;font-size:large;border-color:#080000}.btn[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:hover{background-color:#f7e8d6;transform:scale(1.05)}.container[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{margin-top:20px}.row[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{justify-content:center}.table[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;margin-top:20px}.table[_ngcontent-%COMP%] th[_ngcontent-%COMP%], .table[_ngcontent-%COMP%] td[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{padding:12px;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #dee2e6}.table[_ngcontent-%COMP%] th[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{background-color:#083a41;color:#fff;font-weight:700}.table[_ngcontent-%COMP%] tbody[_ngcontent-%COMP%] tr[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:hover{background-color:#f5f5f5}.table[_ngcontent-%COMP%] tbody[_ngcontent-%COMP%] tr[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:nth-child(even){background-color:#f2f2f2}.selected[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{background-color:#721816;color:#fff;font-weight:bolder;pointer-events:none}.bold-hr[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{border-top:3px solid rgb(0,0,0)}.scroll-to-top[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{position:fixed;bottom:20px;right:20px;z-index:1000;display:none;background-color:#0056b3;color:#fff;border:none;border-radius:50%;width:40px;height:40px;font-size:20px;cursor:pointer;outline:none;transition:background-color .3s ease}.scroll-to-top[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:hover{background-color:#004080}.card-hover-shadow[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{box-shadow:1px 1px 5px #000000b1;transition:box-shadow .5s}.card-hover-shadow[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:hover{box-shadow:20px 20px 20px #000}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px){.col-md-8[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{width:100%;margin-left:0;margin-top:20px}.btn[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{display:block;width:100%;margin:3px}.table[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{width:100%}.card-body[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{padding:0;overflow-y:auto;max-height:600px}}@media only screen and (max-width: 1150px){.abbreviations[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{display:none}.projects[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{width:100%;margin:5%}.col-md-3[_ngcontent-%COMP%], .col-md-8[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{width:100%}}"]}),g})();const rt=[{title:"Water Quality Monitoring Lab",description:"To protect human health and environmental ecosystems, the ICWaR Water Quality Monitoring Lab offers comprehensive analytical services. We assess water safety across four key categories: Basic Parameters, Bacteriological Analysis, Heavy Metals Analysis, and Anions & Cations; providing accurate data to support pollution tracking, safe drinking water standards, and sustainable environmental policies.",imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Centres and Facilities/ICP-MS_ICWaR.webp"},{title:"Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS / DGNSS)",description:"ICWaR has an advanced model of a DGPS/DGNSS device, the Leica GS18, which comes with two receivers. This device is used for high-precision (mm/cm level accuracy) position mapping or surveying of various geographical areas. Applications include accurately determining GPS positions for sampling points, mapping glacier boundaries, measuring glacier surface ice velocities, and establishing ground control points (GCPs), among others.",imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Centres and Facilities/DGPS_ICWaR.webp"},{title:"HPC Clusters",description:"ICWaR has deployed a computer cluster to improve performance and availability over that of a single computer, while typically being much more cost-effective than single computers of comparable speed. This is used by students for efficient results.",imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Centres and Facilities/HPC Clusters_ICWaR.webp"}],Xe=[{name:"Basic Parameters Analysis (pH, EC, TDS, DO, Turbidity, etc.)",pdfLink:"../../../assets/pdfs/Facilities/Basic Parameters Analysis Services_ICWaR.pdf",bookingIISc:"https://forms.office.com/r/PUcmHrimwz",istemLink:""},{name:"Bacteriological Analysis (Total Coliforms, E. coli, etc.)",pdfLink:"../../../assets/pdfs/Facilities/Bacteriological Analysis Services_ICWaR.pdf",bookingIISc:"https://forms.office.com/r/Y5sgy1qNdn",istemLink:""},{name:"Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) - Heavy Metals Analysis",pdfLink:"../../../assets/pdfs/Facilities/Heavy Metals Analysis Services_ICWaR.pdf",bookingIISc:"https://forms.office.com/r/xvxB8hCtgu",istemLink:"https://www.istem.gov.in/equipment-info/48412/Inductively-Coupled-Plasma-Mass-Spectrometry"},{name:"Ion Chromatography (IC) - Anions & Cations Analysis",pdfLink:"../../../assets/pdfs/Facilities/Anions & Cations Analysis Services_ICWaR.pdf",bookingIISc:"https://forms.office.com/r/satbWgkycf",istemLink:"https://www.istem.gov.in/equipment-info/61638/Ion-Chromatography"}];function Ci(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",15)(1,"div",16),i._UZ(2,"img",17),i.TgZ(3,"h5",18)(4,"b"),i._uU(5),i.qZA()(),i._UZ(6,"p",19),i.qZA()()),2&g){const h=_.$implicit;i.xp6(2),i.Q6J("src",h.imgSrc,i.LSH)("alt",h.title),i.xp6(3),i.Oqu(h.title),i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("innerHTML",h.description,i.oJD)}}function In(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"a",27),i._uU(1," Book Here "),i.qZA()),2&g){const h=i.oxw().$implicit;i.Q6J("href",h.bookingIISc,i.LSH)}}function Pn(g,_){1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"span",10),i._uU(1,"-"),i.qZA())}function zn(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"td",28)(1,"a",29),i._uU(2," Book Here "),i._UZ(3,"br"),i.TgZ(4,"small",10),i._uU(5,"(All Services)"),i.qZA()()()),2&g){const h=i.oxw(2);i.uIk("rowspan",h.equipmentTable.length),i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("href",h.nonIiscBookingLink,i.LSH)}}function ae(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"a",30),i._uU(1," I-STEM Link "),i.qZA()),2&g){const h=i.oxw().$implicit;i.Q6J("href",h.istemLink,i.LSH)}}function X(g,_){1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"span",10),i._uU(1,"-"),i.qZA())}function pe(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"tr")(1,"td",20)(2,"a",21),i._uU(3),i._UZ(4,"i",22),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(5,"td"),i.YNc(6,In,2,1,"a",23),i.YNc(7,Pn,2,0,"span",24),i.qZA(),i.YNc(8,zn,6,2,"td",25),i.TgZ(9,"td"),i.YNc(10,ae,2,1,"a",26),i.YNc(11,X,2,0,"span",24),i.qZA()()),2&g){const h=_.$implicit,A=_.index;i.xp6(2),i.Q6J("href",h.pdfLink,i.LSH),i.xp6(1),i.hij(" ",h.name," "),i.xp6(3),i.Q6J("ngIf",h.bookingIISc),i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("ngIf",!h.bookingIISc),i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("ngIf",0===A),i.xp6(2),i.Q6J("ngIf",h.istemLink),i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("ngIf",!h.istemLink)}}let ye=(()=>{class g{constructor(){this.labCards=rt,this.equipmentTable=Xe,this.nonIiscBookingLink="https://forms.cloud.microsoft/r/01Ws2T1sS6"}}return g.\u0275fac=function(h){return new(h||g)},g.\u0275cmp=i.Xpm({type:g,selectors:[["app-centres-and-facilities"]],decls:33,vars:2,consts:[[1,"container-fluid","text-center","mt-3"],[1,"container-fluid","px-md-5","mb-5"],[1,"row","row-cols-1","row-cols-md-3","g-4"],["class","col",4,"ngFor","ngForOf"],[1,"text-center","mb-4"],["src","../../../assets/images/Book_F.gif","alt","New",1,"ms-2",2,"height","50px"],[1,"table-responsive","shadow-sm"],[1,"table","table-bordered","table-hover","text-center","align-middle","bg-white","m-0"],[1,"table-light"],["rowspan","2",1,"align-middle","w-50"],[1,"text-muted"],["colspan","2",1,"align-middle"],["rowspan","2",1,"align-middle"],[1,"fw-semibold"],[4,"ngFor","ngForOf"],[1,"col"],[1,"card","h-100","shadow-sm","border-0","p-1"],[1,"card-img-top","p-1","rounded",2,"object-fit","cover",3,"src","alt"],[1,"card-title","mb-2","p-1"],[1,"card-text","p-1",2,"text-align","justify",3,"innerHTML"],[1,"text-start","px-4"],["target","_blank",1,"fw-bold","text-decoration-none",2,"color","#043b8d",3,"href"],["title","View PDF",1,"bi","bi-file-earmark-pdf","text-danger","ms-1"],["target","_blank","class","btn btn-sm btn-primary px-3",3,"href",4,"ngIf"],["class","text-muted",4,"ngIf"],["class","bg-light",4,"ngIf"],["target","_blank","class","btn btn-sm btn-success text-white px-3",3,"href",4,"ngIf"],["target","_blank",1,"btn","btn-sm","btn-primary","px-3",3,"href"],[1,"bg-light"],["target","_blank",1,"btn","btn-sm","btn-info","px-3",3,"href"],["target","_blank",1,"btn","btn-sm","btn-success","text-white","px-3",3,"href"]],template:function(h,A){1&h&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",0)(1,"h2")(2,"b"),i._uU(3,"Centres and Facilities"),i.qZA()()(),i._UZ(4,"hr"),i.TgZ(5,"div",1)(6,"div",2),i.YNc(7,Ci,7,4,"div",3),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(8,"div",1)(9,"h3",4)(10,"b"),i._uU(11,"Equipment & Services Booking"),i.qZA(),i._UZ(12,"img",5),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(13,"div",6)(14,"table",7)(15,"thead",8)(16,"tr")(17,"th",9),i._uU(18,"Equipment Name / Service Description "),i._UZ(19,"br"),i.TgZ(20,"small",10),i._uU(21,"(Click on the name to view details)"),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(22,"th",11),i._uU(23,"Booking Link"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(24,"th",12),i._uU(25,"I-STEM Portal"),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(26,"tr")(27,"th",13),i._uU(28,"IISc User"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(29,"th",13),i._uU(30,"Non-IISc User"),i.qZA()()(),i.TgZ(31,"tbody"),i.YNc(32,pe,12,7,"tr",14),i.qZA()()()()),2&h&&(i.xp6(7),i.Q6J("ngForOf",A.labCards),i.xp6(25),i.Q6J("ngForOf",A.equipmentTable))},dependencies:[ue.sg,ue.O5]}),g})();const xe=[{Date:"08 JULY, 2026",Title:"Indo-Taiwan Delegation Visit and Interactive Session on Urban Water Sustainability",Details:'The Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR) hosted an interactive session with a distinguished joint delegation to discuss critical challenges and innovations in urban water management. The visiting team included Dr. Farhat Naz (Associate Professor, IIT Jodhpur), her collaborators from the National Pingtung University of Science and Technology (NPUST), Taiwan, Prof. Herlin Chien and Prof. Ting, as well as a representative from the Taiwan Consulate in New Delhi. Led by Prof. Praveen (Chair, ICWaR), Prof. Prosenjit Ghosh, Dr. Rajarshi Das Bhowmik, and joined by several postdoctoral scholars, the meeting facilitated a deep dive into Bengaluru\'s water issues, urban development dynamics, water technologies, sustainability, and climate change resilience. This knowledge exchange was organized as part of the bilateral ICSSR and NSTC funded project titled, "Designing Water Sustainability in Urban Contexts from a Socio Hydrological Systems Approach: A Study of Bangalore, India and Kaohsiung, Taiwan."',imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Indo-Taiwan_Delegation_08072026_1.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Indo-Taiwan_Delegation_08072026_2.webp"]},{Date:"03 JULY, 2026",Title:"THENSA Delegation Visit and Interactive Session on Innovation and Enterprise",Details:"The Centre hosted a distinguished delegation from the Technological Higher Education Network South Africa (THENSA) to explore purposeful partnerships and the translation of academic research into tangible societal solutions. The delegation included Prof Marshall Sheldon alongside Deputy Vice Chancellors responsible for Research, Innovation, Partnerships, and Engagement, namely Prof Fulufhelo Netswera (University of Venda), Prof Fulufhelo \u1e4aemavhola (Durban University of Technology), and Dr Simphiwe Maurice Nelana (Vaal University of Technology), as well as Directors of Technology Transfer Offices. The visit focused on the vital ecosystem required to nurture ideas, highlighting the importance of advanced infrastructure, strong postgraduate pipelines, enabling policies, and industry partnerships. Discussions underscored a shared vision for globally connected yet locally rooted universities, emphasizing the core principle that research must ignite innovation, innovation must enable enterprise, and enterprise must ultimately contribute to society.",imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/THENSA_03072026_1.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/THENSA_03072026_2.webp"]},{Date:"13 MAY, 2026",Title:"Peer-to-Peer Exchange Workshops on River Basin Management (RBM) ~ Advancing India\u2013EU Strategic Cooperation on River Basin Management: India\u2013EU Water Initiative",Details:"Under the India\u2013EU Water Initiative, the Peer-to-Peer Exchange Workshops on River Basin Management (RBM) were held to advance India\u2013EU strategic cooperation by sharing progress, key findings, and challenges from basin assessment studies while drawing on mutual experiences. The sessions presented practical approaches and lessons learned from the Tapi and Ramganga RBM Plans, as well as studies in the Cauvery and Periyar basins, to successfully explore the institutional arrangements, coordination mechanisms, and financing approaches required for effective implementation. This collaborative effort was guided by key officials including Shri Zaigam Khan (Joint Secretary, MoJS) and Advisor Shri Rajeev Ranjan Mishra (Former Director General, NMCG, MoJS), alongside a distinguished team of EU and regional experts featuring Dr. Paul Campling (VITO Belgium), Prof. Christian Bert Wolfgang Kazner (Bochum University of Applied Sciences, Germany), Dr. Andreas de Jong (Consortium Dorsch Impact GmbH\u2013BORDA e.V.\u2013KPMG Assurance and Consulting Services LLP, Spain), and Dr. Girija Bharat (Mugamma Consultants, India). Essential insights were also shared by the PI and Co-PIs of cCauvery (IISc, NITT) and cPariyar (IITPKD, NITC), with the successful execution of the event supported by the GIZ India team, comprising Project Manager Dr. Vikrant Tyagi and dedicated advisers Ms. Chhavi Sharda, Mr. Mohit Gupta, Ms. Usha Das Dewani, and Mr. Suvajit Dey.",imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/RBM_GIZ_13052026_1.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/RBM_GIZ_13052026_2.webp"]},{Date:"16 MAR, 2026",Title:"Discussion Meeting of Cauvery, IISc Bengaluru Team and Advanced Centre for Integrated Water Resources Management (ACIWRM)",Details:"To view details,",link:["../../assets/pdfs/ICWaR WebLinks/ACIWRM_16032026.pdf"],imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/ACIWRM_16032026.webp"]},{Date:"28 JAN, 2026",Title:"Interaction Meeting with University of Nepal Delegation",Details:"An interaction was held between the ICWaR team and the University of Nepal delegation comprising Dr. Surya Raj Acharya (Registrar), Lal Krishna K C (BoT Member & Executive Committee Chairperson), and Dr. Karan Singh Thagunna (Academic Director, SAST). The discussion briefly covered possible collaboration through exchange programs, joint research, academic support, and the concept of an EECS Program Centre, along with a few institutional queries regarding its functioning.",imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NepalDelegation_27012026_1.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NepalDelegation_27012026_2.webp"]},{Date:"27 NOV, 2025",Title:"Discussion Meeting with Prof. Apparao M. Rao",Details:"Prof. Apparao M. Rao, Founding Director of the Clemson Nanomaterials Institute and a globally acclaimed figure in nanomaterials research, is renowned for his pioneering work in Raman spectroscopy, carbon nanomaterials, energy harvesting systems, and advanced electrochemical technologies. As a Robert A. Bowen Endowed Professor at Clemson University, he has made influential contributions that have shaped modern materials science and earned him Fellowships in APS, AAAS, MRS, and NAI. During his recent visit to ICWaR, IISc Bengaluru, Prof. Rao had an insightful interaction with the Chair of ICWaR and the students of our department. The discussion focused on emerging trends in nanomaterials, energy storage, and sustainable technologies, offering students a unique opportunity to learn directly from a world-leading scientist. He patiently listened to their research ideas, provided thoughtful suggestions for improvement, and encouraged them to pursue innovative, problem-driven investigations. The Chair of ICWaR engaged him in a meaningful exchange on potential collaborations, interdisciplinary opportunities, and future directions for strengthening research activities within the department. Prof. Rao also reviewed ongoing student projects, appreciating the quality of their work and motivating them to aim for higher scientific impact. His visit inspired the students and faculty alike, leaving a lasting impression and opening pathways for future academic and research partnerships.",imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_27112025_1.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_27112025_2.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_27112025_3.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_27112025_4.webp"]},{Date:"06 SEPT, 2025",Title:"Visit from Agriculture Department, Government of Maharashtra",Details:"On 6th September, ICWaR welcomed senior officials from the Government of Maharashtra\u2019s Agriculture Department \u2014 Shri Vikas Rastogi, IAS, Principal Secretary, and Shri Parimal Singh, IAS, Project Director, PoCRA Plus. The discussions centered on ICWaR\u2019s work in climate resilience, sustainable agriculture, and water management, and explored potential collaborations with the state\u2019s flagship programs. The visit also highlighted ICWaR\u2019s role in advancing interdisciplinary research for public good.",imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_06092025_1.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_06092025_2.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_06092025_3.webp"]},{Date:"27 JAN, 2025",Title:"Discussion meeting with Dani\xebl van Horn",Details:"The interaction focused on Karnataka\u2019s water challenges, including geographic and climatic impacts, as well as ICWaR\u2019s international partnerships, particularly with France, and potential collaborations with the Dutch water sector.",imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_270120251.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Meeting_270120252.webp"]},{Date:"06 JAN, 2025",Title:"Training Program on Advanced Technologies for Water Resources Management held during 06 - 10 January, 2025 ",Details:"Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru organised a one-week Mandatory Cadre Training Programme (MCTP) on \u201cAdvanced Technologies for Water Resources Management\u201d, during 06 \u2013 10 January, 2025. The MCTP was sponsored by the National Water Academy (NWA) to train STS Officers of CWES (Group-A) Batch \u2013 IV Level-2.The training programme comprised of lectures and tutorials by experts, covering advanced topics in Remote Sensing and GIS, Reservoir Operation, Irrigation Water Management and Canal Automation, Urban and Riverine Flood Assessment and Mitigation, Climate Change Impact, Internet of Things (IoT) \u2013 Introduction and Applications: Water quality and Emerging Contaminants. ",link:["../../assets/pdfs/ICWaR WebLinks/Short Report_NWA_06JAN2025.pdf"],imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_06012025.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_KSNDMC_06012025.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_Group_06012025.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_KSNDMC_Group_06012025.webp"]},{Date:"16 DEC, 2024",Title:"Visit of Professor Bryan Brooks to IISc and ICWaR",Details:"Professor Bryan Brooks, Editor-in-Chief of ES&T Letters, visited IISc Bangalore on December 16-17, 2024, for discussions on environmental research. A round table discussion with ICWaR faculty was held on December 16, focusing on ongoing research collaborations. On December 17, he delivered a lecture at the ICWaR conference hall in the afternoon.",imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/ACS-1_16122024.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/ACS-2_16122024.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/ACS-3_17122024.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/ACS-4_17122024.webp"]},{Date:"13 DEC, 2024",Title:"Discussion meeting with Dartmouth Delegation",Details:"The discussion meeting aims to explore opportunities for collaborative research initiatives and to identify potential synergies between Dartmouth and ICWaR. Dartmouth Delegates include: David Kotz \u2013 Provost and Pat and John Rosenwald Professor, Computer Science; Geoffrey G. Parker \u2013 Interim Faculty Director of the Irving Institute at Dartmouth; Angelika Hofmann \u2013 Director of Research Programs at the Irving Institute at Dartmouth; Anant Sundaram \u2013 Clinical Professor of Finance; Amit Chakrabarti \u2013 Professor, Department of Computer Science; Andrila Hait - Research Programs, Irving institute.",imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Dartmouth_1_13122024.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Dartmouth_2_13122024.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Dartmouth_3_13122024.webp"]},{Date:"12 NOV, 2024",Title:"Discussion meeting with alphaTKG Director, Mr. Kumar Muniratnam; Finance Director, Mr. Yasushi Miyata; and Director & CTO, Mr. Periasamy Thanapandi",Details:"The meeting focused on discussing various work carried out at ICWaR",imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/alfaTKG_1_12112024.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/alfaTKG_2_12112024.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/alfaTKG_3_12112024.webp"]},{Date:"11 DEC, 2023",Title:"Training Program on Advanced Technologies for Water Resources Management held during 11-15 December, 2023 ",Details:"A training program on Advanced Technologies for Water Resources Management, sponsored by the National Water Academy (NWA) was held at the Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, between 11-15 December, 2023. A total of 24 participants are practicing Chief Engineers and Executive Engineers in the Central Water Commission (CWC). ",imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20231.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20232.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20233.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20234.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NWA_WRM_DEC20235.webp"]},{Date:"09 OCT, 2023",Title:"Training Program on Engineering Hydrology held during 09-21 October, 2023",Details:"A training program on engineering hydrology, sponsored by Advanced Centre for Integrated Water Resources Management, was held at the Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, between 09-21 October, 2023. A total of 25 participants, who are practicing engineers working in the Water Resources Department, Government of Karnataka underwent training in Engineering Hydrology.",imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20231.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20232.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20233.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20234.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H_OCT20235.webp"]},{Date:"07 AUG, 2023",Title:"Monsoon School on Urban Floods held during 07-12 August, 2023",Details:"Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru organized a one-week workshop titled \u201cMonsoon School on Urban Floods\u201d during 07 \u2013 12 August, 2023. The Monsoon School was funded by the research project titled, \u201cNational Supercomputing Mission\u201d, sponsored by the Department of Science & Technology (DST), Government of India.",imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Monsoon-School_Group_photo-2023.webp"]},{Date:"06 FEB, 2023",Title:"Training Program on Engineering Hydrology held during 06 \u2013 17 February, 2023",Details:"A training program on engineering hydrology, sponsored by Advanced Centre for Integrated Water Resources Management, was held at the Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, between 06 \u2013 17 February, 2023. A total of 25 participants, who are practicing engineers working in Water Resources Department, Government of Karnataka underwent training in Engineering Hydrology.",imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H1.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H2.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Engineering_H3.webp"]},{Date:"02 FEB, 2023",Title:"14th meeting of the Project Appraisal and Monitoring Committee (PAMC) On Hydrology & Cryosphere",Details:"A brainstorming session on the theme of urban flood management was held at the Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, 3rd February, 2023, under the purview of the Programme Appraisal and Monitoring Committee (PAMC) on Hydrology and Cryosphere. Venue: Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWR), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru DATE: 2nd and 3rd February 2023",imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Brainstorming-1.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Brainstorming-2.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Brainstorming-3.webp"]},{Date:"06 DEC, 2022",Title:'Discussion Meeting held on "Hydrology in the Anthropocene"',Details:"For a detailed report on the Discussion Meeting",link:["../../assets/pdfs/ICWaR WebLinks/Hassan_Minutes_Report_06DEC2022.pdf"],imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/pic-collage-hoysalavillage.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/IMG_0783-hoysala.webp"]},{Date:"09 SEP, 2022",Title:"Discussion meeting with Prof Andrew Western, from the University of Melbourne, Australia @ ICWaR",Details:"The meeting focused on discussing various work carried out at ICWaR and the University of Melbourne.",imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/9sept-2022.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/9sept-2022,2.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/9sept-2022,3.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/9sept-2022,4.webp"]},{Date:"18 MAR, 2021",Title:"Third Advisory committee meeting of UFM project",Details:"The third annual Advisory Committee (AC) Meeting of the ongoing project, \u201cUrban Flood Model for Bengaluru\u201d was held online on the 18th of March, 2021 from 10: 30 am -1:15 pm. The meeting was chaired by Shri S V Ranganath and was attended by the esteemed Advisory Committee of the project, senior academicians and officials from IISC, project stakeholder organizations and project partners.",link:["../../assets/pdfs/ICWaR WebLinks/ACM_UFM 21 Minutes_18MAR2021.pdf"],imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/AC-meeting-Agenda-2021.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/ACM3-1024.webp"]},{Date:"20 FEB, 2021",Title:"Second Advisory committee meeting of UFM project",Details:"The second advisory committee meeting was held on 20th February 2020 in Interdisciplinary centre for water Research (ICWaR), IISc Bengaluru in continuation with the first advisory committee meeting to discuss the progress of the work and to show how UFM team has implemented the suggestions given in the first advisory committee meeting. The major recommendations from the meeting include to extend the scope of the project to address a nationwide problem, implementation of the project at the ground level like multiplicity of agencies, uncertainty in prediction of extreme events and a pilot scheme needs to be designed. Standard Operating Procedure to be prepared before the monsoon season of 2020. Involvement of stake holders must be more in number, use of robotics and artificial intelligence through new companies to map blockages and to convert images posted into data. Improvement of recharge and better use of rainwater. The meeting also suggested to study the inter-linkages between the storm water management system and the sewerage system and implement the low impact development components to reduce flooding.",link:["../../assets/pdfs/ICWaR WebLinks/ACM2020Mom-sec_20FEB2021.pdf"],imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-1.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-2.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-3.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-4.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-5.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFM-6.webp"]},{Date:"01 DEC, 2019",Title:"Discussion Meeting held on \u201cScale Issues in Hydrology\u201d",Details:"Discussion Meeting held on \u201cScale Issues in Hydrology\u201d during 1-3 Dec 2019, in Hoysala Village Resort, Hassan. For a detailed report on the Discussion Meeting please click here.",link:["../../assets/pdfs/ICWaR WebLinks/Discussion-Meeting-Intro_01DEC2019.pdf","../../assets/pdfs/ICWaR WebLinks/Workshop-report-Scale-Issues-in-Hydrology_final_01DEC2019.pdf"],imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Scale_issues.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Scale_issues2.webp"]},{Date:"23 OCT, 2019",Title:"Final Stakeholder Workshop for Upscaling Catchment Processses for Sustainable Water Management in Peninsular India (UPSCAPE)",Details:"Final Stakeholder Workshop for Upscaling Catchment Processses for Sustainable Water Management in Peninsular India (UPSCAPE) project held during 23rd October, 2019",link:["https://www.newton-bhabha-swr.org/upscape"],imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UPSCAPE.webp"]},{Date:"23 SEP, 2019",Title:"Towards-smart and Nutrition-sensitive Food Systems in India",Details:'Meeting held during 23rd to 25th September, 2019 on "Towards-smart and Nutrition-sensitive Food Systems in India"',imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/23-25Sept,2019.webp"]},{Date:"05 AUG, 2019",Title:"Monsoon School held during 5th-10th August, 2019",Details:"Interdisciplinary Center for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru organised a one-week Monsoon School on Urban Floods during 05 \u2013 10 August, 2019. The School was sponsored by the Knowledge Societies Division of UNESCO, Paris and is partially supported by the research project entitled, \u201cUrban Flood Model for Bengaluru\u201c, funded by Department of Science & Technology (DST), Government of India.",imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Monsoon-School_Group_photo-2019.webp"]},{Date:"02 AUG, 2019",Title:"National Workshop on Urban Climate Network",Details:"This workshop was funded by DST and was held in ICWaR on 2nd and 3rd August, 2019.",link:["../../assets/pdfs/ICWaR WebLinks/Workshop-Concept-note_02AUG2019.pdf"],imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/2-3Aug-2019.webp"]},{Date:"01 AUG, 2019",Title:"Project Steering Meeting for the project \u201cNational Supercomputing Mission Urban\u201d",Details:"Project Steering Meeting for the project \u201cNational Supercomputing Mission Urban\u201d held in ICWaR on 1st August, 2019",imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NSM-Aug2019.1.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NSM-Aug2019.2.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/NSM-Aug2019.3.webp"]},{Date:"23 APR, 2019",Title:"Annual Progress Meet for the project \u201cUrban Floods Model for Bengaluru City\u201d",Details:'The Urban flood Model Team from IISc and KSNDMC visited the "School of Ancient Wisdom" on 23rd April, 2019. A progress meet was being held at the venue where the project partners from BBMP, BDA, Geokno, Spatika, CStep and KSCST were present.',link:["https://sites.google.com/site/urbanfloodmodelBengaluru/consortium/iisc-Bengaluru"],imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-1.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-2.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-3.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-4.webp"]},{Date:"12 MAR, 2019",Title:"Project Meet on Upscaling Catchment Processses for Sustainable Water Management in Peninsular India (UPSCAPE)",Details:"A project consortium meeting for the collaborative UPSCAPE project with CEH, ATREE, BGS, University of Dundee, ICRISAT etc., was conducted on 12th, 13th and 14th March, 2019 in ICWaR, IISc.",imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UPSCAPE_Meeting_Group_photo-MAR2019.webp"]},{Date:"12 FEB, 2019",Title:"Advisory Committee Meeting on \u201cUrban Floods Model for Bengaluru City\u201d",Details:"The first Advisory Committee meeting on the project \u201cUrban Flood Model for Bengaluru City\u201d was being held on 12th March, 2019, in ICWaR. The members of Advisory Committee for the project are: Sri SV Ranganath, Former Chief Secretary, GoK; Sri Manjunath Prasad, Commissioner, BBMP; Dr. RK Dave, Founder, RESPECT, Ex. Sr. Specialist (Policy and Plans), NDMA; Dr. Veena Srinivasan, Fellow convener-Centre for Environment and Development, ATREE; Prof. BS Murty, Professor, IIT Madras; Sri S Vishwanath, Water Conservation Expert, Founder and director, Biome Solutions.",imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-12Feb2019.1.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-12Feb2019.2.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/UFMBC-12Feb2019.3.webp"]},{Date:"26 NOV, 2018",Title:"Project Meet on Accompanying The adaptation of irrigated agriculture to climate CHAnge (ATCHA)",Details:"III ANR ATCHA project meeting was held in ICWaR on 26Nov-1Dec, 2018.The ATCHA project aims to accompany the adaptation of farming systems to climate change by combining an integrated biophysical model with a participatory approach in a network of experimental watersheds in the Karnataka state. The ATCHA project is based on (1) the strong partnership initiated with the International Joint Laboratory IFCWS (Indo-French Cell for Water Sciences, involving the Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru) which allowed to build an extensive database in the Berambadi experimental watershed (Critical Zone Observatory, ORE BVET) and (2) a specific Indo-French project (CEFIPRA AICHA, 2013-2016) in which an integrated model combining hydrology (AMBHAS), agronomy (STICS), economy (MoGire) and farmer decision (Namaste) models was developed.",imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/ATCHA-III.webp"]},{Date:"12 SEP, 2018",Title:"Project Meet on Coupled Human and Natural System Environment (CHANSE)",Details:"A project review meeting in ICWAR for the collaborative project with Imperial College London, British Geological Survey, IIT Bombay, University of Exeter UK, ATREE etc., was conducted on 12th, 13th and 14th September, 2018. The overarching aim of the research is to improve mapping and quantification of dominant interactions and feedbacks between human activities and the hydro-meteorological system of the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP).",link:["https://www.ceh.ac.uk/our-science/projects/india-uk-water-centre-iukwc"],imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/CHANSE-Sep2018.webp"]},{Date:"27 JUN, 2018",Title:"International Workshop on Urban Floods",Details:"International Workshop on Urban Floods conducted in ICWaR during June 27-29, 2018. Please find the link here to the \u201cUrban Flood Model for Bengaluru city\u201d",link:["../../assets/pdfs/ICWaR WebLinks/Summary_Report_International_Workshop_on_Urban_Floods_27JUNE2018.pdf","https://sites.google.com/site/urbanfloodmodelBengaluru/home"],imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/workshop-on-urban-floods-28-06-2018.webp"]},{Date:"04 JUN, 2018",Title:"Workshop on Hydrological Outlook",Details:"Workshop on Hydrological Outlook conducted during June 04-05, 2018",link:[""],imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/HydrologicalOutlook-2018.webp"]},{Date:"01 MAY, 2018",Title:"COSMOS soil moisture sensor installed by CEH",Details:"COSMOS soil moisture sensor installed by CEH toward collaborative research in the Kabini basin (AMBHAS). Live feed (updated daily) of the COSMOS data.",link:["http://ambhas.com/"],imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/cosmos.webp","../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/cosmos1.webp"]},{Date:"30 MAR, 2016",Title:"Indo-UK Workshop on \u201cWater Quality \u2013 Source Protection\u201d",Details:"Indo-UK Workshop on \u201cWater Quality \u2013 Source Protection\u201d conducted during 30 March \u2013 1 April, 2016. The workshop is intended to develop ideas for future scientific and technological collaborations between the UK and India which will address key knowledge gaps in our understanding of water resources management and source protection.",imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/Indo-UK_WQSP2016.webp"]},{Date:"17 NOV, 2015",Title:"An Indo-French workshop on \u201cRemote Sensing for Water and Agriculture: Current and Future Possibilities\u201d",Details:"An Indo-French workshop on \u201cRemote Sensing for Water and Agriculture: Current and Future Possibilities\u201d conducted on November 17, 2015",imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/if_workshop.webp"]},{Date:"13 APR, 2015",Title:"An Indo-UK workshop on \u201cWater Security\u201d",Details:"An Indo-UK workshop on \u201cWater Security\u201d conducted during April 13-14, 2015",imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Workshop and Meetings/WaterSecurity-2015.webp"]}],Ie=["scrollToTopButton"];function ct(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"a",16),i._uU(1,"Click here"),i.qZA()),2&g){const h=i.oxw().$implicit;i.Q6J("href",h.link,i.LSH)}}function _t(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.ynx(0),i._UZ(1,"img",17),i.BQk()),2&g){const h=_.$implicit;i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("src",h,i.LSH)}}function Jt(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",5)(1,"div",6)(2,"h4"),i._uU(3),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(4,"div",7)(5,"h5",8)(6,"b"),i._uU(7),i.qZA()()(),i.TgZ(8,"div",9)(9,"div",6)(10,"h6",10),i._uU(11),i.YNc(12,ct,2,1,"a",11),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(13,"div",12),i.YNc(14,_t,2,1,"ng-container",13),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(15,"div",14),i._UZ(16,"button",15),i.qZA(),i._UZ(17,"hr"),i.qZA()),2&g){const h=_.$implicit,A=_.index;i.xp6(3),i.Oqu(h.Date),i.xp6(4),i.Oqu(h.Title),i.xp6(1),i.s9C("id",A),i.xp6(3),i.hij("",h.Details," "),i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("ngIf",h.link),i.xp6(2),i.Q6J("ngForOf",h.imgsArray),i.xp6(2),i.uIk("data-bs-target","#"+A)("aria-controls",A)}}let st=(()=>{class g{constructor(){this.workshops=xe}ngOnInit(){window.addEventListener("scroll",this.scrollFunction.bind(this))}scrollFunction(){this.scrollToTopButton&&(this.scrollToTopButton.nativeElement.style.display=window.scrollY>300?"block":"none")}scrollToTop(){window.scrollTo({top:0,behavior:"smooth"})}}return g.\u0275fac=function(h){return new(h||g)},g.\u0275cmp=i.Xpm({type:g,selectors:[["app-workshops-and-meetings"]],viewQuery:function(h,A){if(1&h&&i.Gf(Ie,5),2&h){let H;i.iGM(H=i.CRH())&&(A.scrollToTopButton=H.first)}},decls:10,vars:2,consts:[[1,"container-fluid","text-center","mt-3"],[1,"d-flex","justify-content-center","pt-3"],[1,"row","p-5","col-md-10","pt-0"],["class","row shadow border border-dark mb-2 card col-12 p-3",4,"ngFor","ngForOf"],[1,"scroll-to-top","d-none","d-md-block",3,"click"],[1,"row","shadow","border","border-dark","mb-2","card","col-12","p-3"],[1,"col-12"],[1,"col-md-10"],[1,"text"],[1,"row","py-4","col-12","collapse",3,"id"],[1,"text","mb-3"],["target","_blank",3,"href",4,"ngIf"],[1,"row"],[4,"ngFor","ngForOf"],[1,"col-12","d-flex"],["type","button","data-bs-toggle","collapse","aria-expanded","false",1,"m-1","p-1","btn","btn-text-expand","collapsed","ms-auto"],["target","_blank",3,"href"],[1,"col","mb-2","col-md-6",3,"src"]],template:function(h,A){1&h&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",0)(1,"h2")(2,"b"),i._uU(3),i.qZA()()(),i._UZ(4,"hr"),i.TgZ(5,"div",1)(6,"div",2),i.YNc(7,Jt,18,8,"div",3),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(8,"button",4),i.NdJ("click",function(){return A.scrollToTop()}),i._uU(9,"\u2191"),i.qZA()),2&h&&(i.xp6(3),i.hij("Workshops & Meetings (",A.workshops.length,")"),i.xp6(4),i.Q6J("ngForOf",A.workshops))},dependencies:[ue.sg,ue.O5],styles:['.custom-card[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{padding:20px;margin:10px}.custom-card[_ngcontent-%COMP%] img[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{width:300px;margin:5px}.custom-card[_ngcontent-%COMP%] .card-text[_ngcontent-%COMP%] .col-12[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{margin:0}.text[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{text-align:justify}.btn[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{color:#080000;border-radius:5px;margin:3px;transition:background-color .3s ease;word-wrap:break-word;border-color:#080000}.btn[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:hover{background-color:#f7e8d6;transform:scale(1.05)}.selected[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{background-color:#721816;color:#fff;font-weight:bolder;pointer-events:none}button.btn.btn-text-expand.collapsed[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:before{content:"...Read more";display:block;width:100px}button.btn.btn-text-expand[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:before{content:"Read less";display:block;width:100px}.card-bg[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{background-color:#cff1f1;box-shadow:2px 2px 10px #000}.card-bg[_ngcontent-%COMP%] img[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{box-shadow:2px 2px 10px #000;border-radius:10px}hr[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{background:linear-gradient(to left,rgb(30,87,153) 0%,rgb(41,137,216) 50%,rgb(32,124,202) 51%,rgb(125,185,232) 100%)}div.d-flex[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{max-width:100%}.scroll-to-top[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{position:fixed;bottom:20px;right:20px;z-index:1000;display:none;background-color:#0056b3;color:#fff;border:none;border-radius:50%;width:40px;height:40px;font-size:20px;cursor:pointer;outline:none;transition:background-color .3s ease}.scroll-to-top[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:hover{background-color:#004080}']}),g})();const xt={"Open Day":{2026:[{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_1.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_2.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_3.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_4.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_5.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_6.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_7.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_8.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_9.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_10.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_11.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_12.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_13.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_14.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2026/OD_2026_15.webp",caption:""}],2025:[{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_1.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_2.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_3.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_4.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_5.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_6.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_7.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_8.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_9.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_10.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_11.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_12.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_13.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_14.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_15.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_16.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_17.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2025/OD_2025_18.webp",caption:""}],2024:[{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_1.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_2.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_3.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_4.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_5.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_6.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_7.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_8.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_9.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_10.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Open_Day/OD_2024/OD_2024_11.webp",caption:""}]},"Freshers Day":{2024:[{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/1.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/2.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/3.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/4.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/5.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/6.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/7.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/8.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/9.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/10.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/11.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/12.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/13.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/14.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/15.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/16.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/17.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/18.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2024/19.webp",caption:""}],2022:[{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_2.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_3.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_4.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_5.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_6.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_7.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_8.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_9.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_10.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_11.webp",caption:""},{imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Gallery/Freshers_Day/FD_2022/FD_2022_12.webp",caption:""}]}};function at(g,_){if(1&g){const h=i.EpF();i.TgZ(0,"span",7),i.NdJ("click",function(H){i.CHM(h);const ie=i.oxw().$implicit,Me=i.oxw();return H.preventDefault(),i.KtG(Me.removeTab(ie))}),i._uU(1," \u274c"),i.qZA()}}const yn=function(g){return["nav-item",g]};function Xt(g,_){if(1&g){const h=i.EpF();i.TgZ(0,"li",3),i.NdJ("keydown",function(H){const Me=i.CHM(h).index,ot=i.oxw();return i.KtG(ot.keyNavActions(H,Me))}),i.TgZ(1,"a",4),i.NdJ("click",function(){const ie=i.CHM(h).$implicit;return i.KtG(ie.active=!0)}),i.TgZ(2,"span",5),i._uU(3),i.qZA(),i.YNc(4,at,2,0,"span",6),i.qZA()()}if(2&g){const h=_.$implicit;i.ekj("active",h.active)("disabled",h.disabled),i.Q6J("ngClass",i.VKq(15,yn,h.customClass||"")),i.xp6(1),i.ekj("active",h.active)("disabled",h.disabled),i.uIk("aria-controls",h.id?h.id:"")("aria-selected",!!h.active)("id",h.id?h.id+"-link":""),i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("ngTransclude",h.headingRef),i.xp6(1),i.Oqu(h.heading),i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("ngIf",h.removable)}}const vn=["*"];let Dt=(()=>{class g{constructor(h){this.viewRef=h}set ngTransclude(h){this._ngTransclude=h,h&&this.viewRef.createEmbeddedView(h)}get ngTransclude(){return this._ngTransclude}}return g.\u0275fac=function(h){return new(h||g)(i.Y36(i.s_b))},g.\u0275dir=i.lG2({type:g,selectors:[["","ngTransclude",""]],inputs:{ngTransclude:"ngTransclude"}}),g})(),An=(()=>{class g{constructor(){this.type="tabs",this.isKeysAllowed=!0,this.ariaLabel="Tabs"}}return g.\u0275fac=function(h){return new(h||g)},g.\u0275prov=i.Yz7({token:g,factory:g.\u0275fac,providedIn:"root"}),g})(),Kn=(()=>{class g{constructor(h,A,H){this.renderer=A,this.elementRef=H,this.clazz=!0,this.tabs=[],this.classMap={},this.ariaLabel="Tabs",this.isDestroyed=!1,this._vertical=!1,this._justified=!1,this._type="tabs",this._isKeysAllowed=!0,Object.assign(this,h)}get vertical(){return this._vertical}set vertical(h){this._vertical=h,this.setClassMap()}get justified(){return this._justified}set justified(h){this._justified=h,this.setClassMap()}get type(){return this._type}set type(h){this._type=h,this.setClassMap()}get isKeysAllowed(){return this._isKeysAllowed}set isKeysAllowed(h){this._isKeysAllowed=h}ngOnDestroy(){this.isDestroyed=!0}addTab(h){this.tabs.push(h),h.active=1===this.tabs.length&&!h.active}removeTab(h,A={reselect:!0,emit:!0}){const H=this.tabs.indexOf(h);if(-1!==H&&!this.isDestroyed){if(A.reselect&&h.active&&this.hasAvailableTabs(H)){const ie=this.getClosestTabIndex(H);this.tabs[ie].active=!0}A.emit&&h.removed.emit(h),this.tabs.splice(H,1),h.elementRef.nativeElement.parentNode&&this.renderer.removeChild(h.elementRef.nativeElement.parentNode,h.elementRef.nativeElement)}}keyNavActions(h,A){if(!this.isKeysAllowed)return;const H=Array.from(this.elementRef.nativeElement.querySelectorAll(".nav-link"));if(13===h.keyCode||"Enter"===h.key||32===h.keyCode||"Space"===h.key)return h.preventDefault(),void H[A%H.length].click();if(39!==h.keyCode&&"RightArrow"!==h.key)if(37!==h.keyCode&&"LeftArrow"!==h.key)if(36!==h.keyCode&&"Home"!==h.key)if(35!==h.keyCode&&"End"!==h.key){if((46===h.keyCode||"Delete"===h.key)&&this.tabs[A].removable){if(this.removeTab(this.tabs[A]),H[A+1])return void H[(A+1)%H.length].focus();H[H.length-1]&&H[0].focus()}}else{h.preventDefault();let ie,Me=1,ot=A;do{ot-Me<0?(ot=H.length-1,ie=H[ot],Me=0):ie=H[ot-Me],Me++}while(ie.classList.contains("disabled"));ie.focus()}else{h.preventDefault();let ie,Me=0;do{ie=H[Me%H.length],Me++}while(ie.classList.contains("disabled"));ie.focus()}else{let ie,Me=1,ot=A;do{ot-Me<0?(ot=H.length-1,ie=H[ot],Me=0):ie=H[ot-Me],Me++}while(ie.classList.contains("disabled"));ie.focus()}else{let ie,Me=1;do{ie=H[(A+Me)%H.length],Me++}while(ie.classList.contains("disabled"));ie.focus()}}getClosestTabIndex(h){const A=this.tabs.length;if(!A)return-1;for(let H=1;H<=A;H+=1){const ie=h-H,Me=h+H;if(this.tabs[ie]&&!this.tabs[ie].disabled)return ie;if(this.tabs[Me]&&!this.tabs[Me].disabled)return Me}return-1}hasAvailableTabs(h){const A=this.tabs.length;if(!A)return!1;for(let H=0;H{class g{constructor(h,A,H){this.elementRef=A,this.renderer=H,this.disabled=!1,this.removable=!1,this.selectTab=new i.vpe,this.deselect=new i.vpe,this.removed=new i.vpe,this.addClass=!0,this.role="tabpanel",this._active=!1,this._customClass="",this.tabset=h,this.tabset.addTab(this)}get customClass(){return this._customClass}set customClass(h){this.customClass&&this.customClass.split(" ").forEach(A=>{this.renderer.removeClass(this.elementRef.nativeElement,A)}),this._customClass=h?h.trim():"",this.customClass&&this.customClass.split(" ").forEach(A=>{this.renderer.addClass(this.elementRef.nativeElement,A)})}get active(){return this._active}set active(h){if(this._active!==h){if(this.disabled&&h||!h)return void(this._active&&!h&&(this.deselect.emit(this),this._active=h));this._active=h,this.selectTab.emit(this),this.tabset.tabs.forEach(A=>{A!==this&&(A.active=!1)})}}get ariaLabelledby(){return this.id?`${this.id}-link`:""}ngOnInit(){this.removable=!!this.removable}ngOnDestroy(){this.tabset.removeTab(this,{reselect:!1,emit:!1})}}return g.\u0275fac=function(h){return new(h||g)(i.Y36(Kn),i.Y36(i.SBq),i.Y36(i.Qsj))},g.\u0275dir=i.lG2({type:g,selectors:[["tab"],["","tab",""]],hostVars:7,hostBindings:function(h,A){2&h&&(i.uIk("id",A.id)("role",A.role)("aria-labelledby",A.ariaLabelledby),i.ekj("active",A.active)("tab-pane",A.addClass))},inputs:{heading:"heading",id:"id",disabled:"disabled",removable:"removable",customClass:"customClass",active:"active"},outputs:{selectTab:"selectTab",deselect:"deselect",removed:"removed"},exportAs:["tab"]}),g})(),Qi=(()=>{class g{static forRoot(){return{ngModule:g,providers:[]}}}return g.\u0275fac=function(h){return new(h||g)},g.\u0275mod=i.oAB({type:g}),g.\u0275inj=i.cJS({imports:[ue.ez]}),g})();function Or(g,_){1&g&&i._UZ(0,"div",10)}function Fr(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.ynx(0),i.TgZ(1,"div",7),i._UZ(2,"img",8),i.qZA(),i.YNc(3,Or,1,0,"div",9),i.BQk()),2&g){const h=_.$implicit,A=_.index,H=i.oxw().$implicit,ie=i.oxw().$implicit,Me=i.oxw();i.xp6(2),i.s9C("src",Me.getValueForKey(h,"imgSrc"),i.LSH),i.Q6J("ngClass",Me.myFunc()===A%3?"warm":""),i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("ngIf",(A+1)%3==0&&A+1!==Me.getJsonValues(Me.getValueForKey(Me.getValueForKey(Me.gallery,ie),H)).length)}}function xn(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.ynx(0),i.TgZ(1,"tab",5)(2,"div",6),i.YNc(3,Fr,4,3,"ng-container",2),i.qZA()(),i.BQk()),2&g){const h=_.$implicit,A=i.oxw().$implicit,H=i.oxw();i.xp6(1),i.s9C("heading",h),i.xp6(2),i.Q6J("ngForOf",H.getJsonValues(H.getValueForKey(H.getValueForKey(H.gallery,A),h)))}}function ii(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.ynx(0),i.TgZ(1,"tab",3)(2,"tabset",4),i.YNc(3,xn,4,2,"ng-container",2),i.qZA()(),i.BQk()),2&g){const h=_.$implicit,A=i.oxw();i.xp6(1),i.s9C("heading",h),i.xp6(2),i.Q6J("ngForOf",A.getJsonKeys(A.getValueForKey(A.gallery,h),!0))}}let mt=(()=>{class g{constructor(){this.gallery=xt,this.lastIndex=0,this.callCount=0}ngOnInit(){console.log(this.getJsonValues(this.getValueForKey(this.getValueForKey(this.gallery,"Open Day"),"2019")))}getJsonKeys(h,A=!1){const H=Object.keys(h);return A?H.sort((ie,Me)=>parseInt(Me)-parseInt(ie)):H}getJsonValues(h){return Object.values(h)}getValueForKey(h,A){return h[A]}myFunc(){return 3==++this.callCount&&(this.lastIndex=(this.lastIndex+1)%3,this.callCount=0),this.lastIndex}}return g.\u0275fac=function(h){return new(h||g)},g.\u0275cmp=i.Xpm({type:g,selectors:[["app-gallery"]],decls:4,vars:1,consts:[[1,"px-5"],[1,"p-md-3"],[4,"ngFor","ngForOf"],[3,"heading"],[1,"p-md-5","col-12","my-1"],[1,"p-3",3,"heading"],[1,"row"],[1,"col-md-4","col-sm-12","mb-3"],["height","320px",1,"img-fluid","img-frame","p-3",3,"ngClass","src"],["class","w-100 d-none d-md-block",4,"ngIf"],[1,"w-100","d-none","d-md-block"]],template:function(h,A){1&h&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",0)(1,"div",1)(2,"tabset"),i.YNc(3,ii,4,2,"ng-container",2),i.qZA()()()),2&h&&(i.xp6(3),i.Q6J("ngForOf",A.getJsonKeys(A.gallery)))},dependencies:[ue.mk,ue.sg,ue.O5,hn,Kn],styles:["tabset .nav-link{font-size:25px;color:#000;background-color:transparent} tabset .nav-item, a.nav-link.active[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{background-color:transparent}@media (max-width: 768px){ tabset .nav-link{font-size:20px}}.warm[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{filter:sepia(30%) contrast(100%) saturate(100%) brightness(100%) hue-rotate(-5deg)}.img-frame[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{background-color:#fff;box-shadow:2px 2px 2px 2px #0505059f}"]}),g})();const Le=[{year:"2025",publications:[{text:"Masbou, J., Grail, C., Payraudeau, S., Ruiz, L., Sekhar, M., Riotte, J., & Imfeld, G. (2025). Dissipation of the insecticide profenofos in tropical agricultural soils (Berambadi catchment, South India): Insight from compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 488, 137428.",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137428"]},{text:"Budamala, V., Roy, T., & Bhowmik, R. D. (2025). A robust skill verification of hindcast decadal experiments on streamflow regimes using CMIP6 data. Journal of Hydrology, 650, 132525.",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132525"]},{text:"Das, K., Ganguly, S., Majumder, P., Chakrabarti, R., & Mukherjee, A. (2025). Interaction of shallow and deep groundwater with a tropical ocean: Insights from radiogenic (87Sr/86Sr) and stable isotope cycling and fluxes. Journal of Hydrology, 650, 132479.",links:[" https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132479"]},{text:"Gomez, C., Amelin, J., Coulouma, G., et al. (2025). Reuse of bottom sediment from reservoirs to cropland is a promising agroecological practice that must be rationalized. Scientific Reports, 15, 7523.",links:["https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-92206-2"]},{text:"Sharma, P., Singh, S., Ramamurthy, P. C., Singh, J., & Biswas, J. K. (2025). Regenerative resource recovery from wastewater: State-of-the-art bio-based soft technology. Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health, 43, 100587.",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2024.100587"]},{text:"Kumar, K. B., Das Bhowmik, R. D., & Mujumdar, P. P. (2025). Revising flood return periods by accounting for the co-occurrence between floods and their potential drivers. International Journal of Climatology, 45, e8783.",links:["https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8783"]},{text:"Tabbussum, R., Bhowmik, R. D., & Mujumdar, P. (2025). Association of climate variability modes with concurrent droughts and heatwaves in India. Journal of Hydrology X, 26, 100196.",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydroa.2024.100196"]},{text:"Punith, N., Avaneesh, A. V., Prasad, B., Ravikrishna, R. V., & Rao, L. (2025). Unveiling the impact of operating current on active species generation in pin-to-water plasma activated water system. Plasma Processes and Polymers, 22, 2400190.",links:["https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.202400190"]}]},{year:"2024",publications:[{text:"Pullyottum Kavil, S., Riotte, J., Chakrabarti, R., Dapoigny, A., Vaury, V., Ruiz, L., & Cardinal, D. (2024). Deep regolith weathering controls \u03b430Si composition of groundwater under contrasting land use in tropical watersheds. Chemical Geology, 670, 122370.",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122370"]},{text:"Assefa, H., Singh, S., Shehata, N., et al. (2024). Green synthesis and characterization of CuO/PANI nanocomposite for efficient Pb(II) adsorption from contaminated water. Scientific Reports, 14, 30972.",links:["https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-81970-2"]},{text:"Nadeem, I., Nakicenovic, N., Yaqub, A., et al. (2024). Permafrost thawing and estimates of vulnerable carbon in the Northern high latitude. Earth Systems and Environment.",links:["https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-024-00491-0"]},{text:"Goel, A., & Srinivas, V. V. (2025). A fuzzy framework for risk analysis of dam-break flood in climate change scenarios. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 119, 105322.",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105322"]},{text:"Singh, S., Sivaram, N., Nath, B., et al. (2024). Metal\u2013organic frameworks for wastewater treatment, renewable energy, and circular economy contributions. npj Clean Water, 7, 124.",links:["https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-024-00408-4"]},{text:"Singh, S., Sivaram, N., Dhanjal, D. S., et al. (2024). Navigating the complexity of emerging contaminants: Sources, impacts, and remediation strategies. Journal of the Indian Institute of Science, 104(2), 519\u2013553.",links:["https://doi.org/10.1007/s41745-024-00446-4"]},{text:"Goswami, S., Ternikar, C., Kandala, R., Pillai, N., Yadav, V., Abhishek, Joseph, J., Ghosh, S., & Vishwakarma, B. (2024). Water budget-based evapotranspiration product captures natural and human-caused variability. Environmental Research Letters, 19.",links:["https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad63bd"]},{text:"Poonia, V., Jha, S., Srinivas, V. V., & Wang, L. (2024). Spatiotemporal characteristics and triggers of flash droughts across all the river basins in India. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 25(9), 1357\u20131369.",links:["https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-23-0080.1"]},{text:"Kavil, S. P., Riotte, J., Chakrabarti, R., Dapoigny, A., Vaury, V., Ruiz, L., & Cardinal, D. (2024). Deep regolith weathering controls \u03b430Si composition of groundwater under contrasting landuse in tropical watersheds. Chemical Geology, 670, 122370. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122370"]},{text:"Singh, S., Khan, N. A., Shehata, N., Singh, J., & Ramamurthy, P. C. (2024). Insight into biochar as sustainable biomass: Production methods, characteristics, and environmental remediation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 475, 143645. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143645"]},{text:"Singh, S., Shekar, S., Behera, S. K., Shehata, N., Khan, N. A., Singh, J., & Ramamurthy, P. C. (2024). Synthesis, characterization, and application of thio-salicylaldehyde Schiff base complexes for Cr (VI) adsorption. iScience, 27(10), 110925. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2024.110925"]},{text:"Uppara, B., Singh, S., Avasthi, S., Vinod, P., Nagahanumaiah, & Ramamurthy, P. C. (2024). Optimization of laser patterning process for eco-friendly tin-halide perovskite solar module \u2013 with a nanosecond green laser. Thin Solid Films, 807, 140542. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2024.140542"]},{text:"Khan, N. A., Majumder, A., Singh, S., et al. (2024). C/N ratio effect on oily wastewater treatment using column type SBR: Machine learning prediction and metagenomics study. Scientific Reports, 14, 22950",links:["https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-72490-0"]},{text:"Sharma, G., Dwibedi, V., Seth, C. S., Singh, S., Ramamurthy, P. C., Bhadrecha, P., & Singh, J. (2024). Direct and indirect technical guide for the early detection and management of fungal plant diseases. Current Research in Microbial Sciences, 7, 100276. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100276"]},{text:"Singh, S., N., Pavithra, Behera, S. K., Varshney, R., Singh, J., & Ramamurthy, P. C. (2024). Electrochemical and density functional simulation studies of a cobalt(ii) imidazolate framework for the real-time sensing of atrazine. New Journal of Chemistry, 48(44), 18836\u201318847. ",links:[" https://doi.org/10.1039/D4NJ03760J"]},{text:"Dhanurkar, T., Budamala, V., & Das Bhowmik, R. (2024). Understanding the association between global forest fire products and hydrometeorological variables. Science of The Total Environment, 945, 173911. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173911"]},{text:"Kaur, H., Singh, S., Kathott Prakash, S., et al. (2024). Identification and biophysical characterization of potential phytochemical inhibitors of carboxyl/choline esterase from Helicoverpa armigera for advancing integrated pest management strategies. Scientific Reports, 14, 21596. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-69497-y"]},{text:"Rasool, T., Sahoo, S., Das Bhowmik, R., & Kumar, D. N. (2024). Development of a stochastic rainfall generator to yield unprecedented rainfall events. Journal of Hydrology, 641, 131809.",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131809"]},{text:"Poonia, V., Jha, S., Srinivas, V. V., & Wang, L. (2024). Spatiotemporal characteristics and triggers of flash droughts across all the river basins in India. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 19(9), 1357\u20131369. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-23-0080.1"]},{text:"Kaur, H., Singh, S., Rode, S., et al. (2024). Fabrication and characterization of polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan composite nanofibers for carboxylesterase immobilization to enhance the stability of the enzyme. Scientific Reports, 14, 19615. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67913-x"]},{text:"Singh, S., N., Pavithra, Uppara, B., Varshney, R., Shehata, N., Khan, N. A., Joji, J., Singh, J., & Ramamurthy, P. C. (2024). Facile synthesis of ZIF-67-incorporated electrospun PVA nanofibers composite for efficient Pb (II) adsorption from water: Docking and experimental studies. ACS ES&T Water, 4(10), 4497\u20134509. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00500"]},{text:"Goswami, S., Ternikar, C. R., Kandala, R., Pillai, N. S., Yadav, V. K., Abhishek, Joseph, J., Ghosh, S., & Vishwakarma, B. D. (2024). Water budget-based evapotranspiration product captures natural and human-caused variability. Environmental Research Letters, 19(9), 094034. ",links:[". https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad63bd"]},{text:"Hailemariam, A., Singh, S., Olu, F. E., Dhanjal, D. S., Mani, D., Khan, N. A., Singh, J., & Ramamurthy, P. C. (2024). Advances in adsorption technologies for hexavalent chromium removal: Mechanisms, materials, and optimization strategies. Desalination and Water Treatment, 319, 100576. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dwt.2024.100576"]},{text:"Parray, S. Y., Singh, S., Koul, B., Khan, N. A., Ramamurthy, P. C., & Singh, J. (2024). Economic valuation and characterization of heavy metal contamination in Dal Lake Srinagar, Kashmir, India. Heliyon, 10(14), e34108. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34108"]},{text:"Singh, S., N., P., & Kaur, H., et al. (2024). Enzyme-based sensor for the real-time detection of atrazine: Evidence from electrochemical and docking studies. Scientific Reports, 14, 17662. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-65801-y"]},{text:"Das Bhowmik, R., Budamala, V., & Sankarasubramanian, A. (2024). Influence of long-term observed trends on the performance of seasonal hydroclimate forecasts. Advances in Water Resources, 188, 104707. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104707"]},{text:"Posa, P. C. L., Rasool, T., Budamala, V., & Das Bhowmik, R. (2024). Influence of global teleconnections on long-term variability in flood seasonality across peninsular India. Environmental Research Letters, 19(6), 064069. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad4e4b"]},{text:"Gobi, M., Kumar, A., Singh, J., et al. (2024). Nanocellulose-Based Adsorption for the Removal of Heavy Metal from Wastewater\u2014A Review. Water Conservation Science and Engineering, 9(24). ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1007/s41101-024-00251-1"]},{text:"Nath, B., Uppara, B., Singh, S., Ramamurthy, P. C., Mahapatra, D. R., & Hegde, G. (2024). Exploring the potential of green synthesized ZnO-SnO2 composite as an effective electron transport layer for perovskite solar cells: A sustainable approach. Chemical Engineering Science, 296, 120249.",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2024.120249"]},{text:"Sharma, H. B., Vanapalli, K. R., Bhatia, D., et al. (2024). Engineered biochar/hydrochar derived from organic wastes for energy, environmental, and agricultural applications. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-024-02863-6"]},{text:"Garg, S., Singh, S., Khan, N. A., et al. (2024). Equilibrium and kinetic modeling of Cr(VI) removal by novel tolerant bacteria species along with zero-valent iron nanoparticles. Scientific Reports, 14(8611). ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-57835-z"]},{text:"Gandhi, Y., Kumar, V., Singh, G., et al. (2024). Chemoprofiling and medicinal potential of underutilized leaves of Cyperus scariosus. Scientific Reports, 14(7263). ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-58041-7"]},{text:"Kaur, H., Rode, S., Lonare, S., Demiwal, P., Narasimhappa, P., Arun, E., Kumar, R., Das, J., Ramamurthy, P. C., Sircar, D., & Sharma, A. K. (2024). Heterologous expression, biochemical characterization and prospects for insecticide biosensing potential of carboxylesterase Ha006a from Helicoverpa armigera. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 200, 105844. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105844"]},{text:"Singh, S., Anil, A. G., Uppara, B., et al. (2024). Adsorption and DFT investigations of Cr(VI) removal using nanocrystals decorated with graphene oxide. npj Clean Water, 7(1), Article 17.",links:["https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-024-00306-9"]},{text:"Mandal, A., Vishwakarma, B. D., Angchuk, T., Azam, M. F., Garg, P. K., & Soheb, M. (2024). Glacier mass balance and its climatic and nonclimatic drivers in the Ladakh region during 2000\u20132021 from remote sensing data. Journal of Glaciology, 1\u201323. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2024.19"]},{text:"Singh, S., Khan, N. A., Ramadan, R., Shehata, N., Kapoor, D., Dhanjal, D. S., Sivaram, N., Singh, J., Barcel\xf3, D., & Ramamurthy, P. C. (2024). Environmental fate, toxicological impact, and advanced treatment approaches: Atrazine degradation and emphasis on circular economy strategy. Desalination and Water Treatment, 317, 100201. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dwt.2024.100201"]},{text:"L\xf3pez-Maldonado, E. A., Khan, N. A., Singh, S., Ramamurthy, P. C., Kabak, B., Vega Baudrit, J. R., Alkahtani, M. Q., \xc1lvarez-Torrellas, S., Varshney, R., Serra-P\xe9rez, E., Garc\xeda, J., Gkika, D. A., Kyzas, G. Z., Kadier, A., Singh, R., Periyasamy, S., Gizaw, D. G., Hossain, N., & Zahmatkesh, S. (2024). Magnetic polymeric composites: Potential for separating and degrading micro/nano plastics. Desalination and Water Treatment, 317, 100198. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dwt.2024.100198"]},{text:"Pant, G., Singh, S., Choudhary, P. K., et al. (2024). Nanozymes: advance enzyme-mimicking theragnostic tool: A review. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-023-02716-8"]},{text:"Boopathy, B., Mukherjee, D., Nishanth, V., et al. (2024). Generation of species-specific high-strength plasma activated water at neutral pH and its antimicrobial characteristics. Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, 44, 1003\u20131017.",links:["https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-023-10439-3"]},{text:"Khan, N. A., Singh, S., Ramamurthy, P. C., & Aljundi, I. H. (2024). Exploring nutrient removal mechanisms in column-type SBR with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. Journal of Environmental Management, 349, 119485.",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119485"]},{text:"Goswami, R., Singh, S., Narasimhappa, P., Ramamurthy, P. C., Mishra, A., Mishra, P. K., Joshi, H. C., Pant, G., Singh, J., Kumar, G., Khan, N. A., & Yousefi, M. (2024). Nanocellulose: A comprehensive review investigating its potential as an innovative material for water remediation. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 254(Part 3), 127465. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127465"]},{text:"Sharma, S., & Mujumdar, P. P. (2024). Baseflow significantly contributes to river floods in Peninsular India. Scientific Reports, 14, 1251. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-51850-w"]}]},{year:"2023",publications:[{text:"Garg, S., Singh, S., Shehata, N., Sharma, H. B., Samuel, J., Khan, N. A., Ramamurthy, P. C., Singh, J., Mubashir, M., Bokhari, A., Ooi, D. J., & Show, P. L. (2023). Aerogels in wastewater treatment: A review. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 105299. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2023.105299"]},{text:"Zhong, Y., Tian, B., Vishwakarma, B. D., Feng, W., Wu, Y., Bai, H., & Zhong, M. (2023). Reinterpreting global GRACE trends based on century-long GRACE-REC data. Water Resources Research, 59, e2023WR035817.",links:["https://doi.org/10.1029/2023WR035817"]},{text:"Chakraborty, A., Sekhar, M., & Rao, L. (2023). The fate of vegetation carbon stocks of India: Insights from a remote-sensed evaluation of carbon use efficiency. Ecological Informatics, 78, 102374. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2023.102374"]},{text:"Naik, T. S. S. K., Singh, S., Narasimhappa, P., & Ramamurthy, P. C. (2023). Green and sustainable synthesis of CaO nanoparticles: Its solicitation as a sensor material and electrochemical detection of urea. Scientific Reports, 13, 19995. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-46728-2"]},{text:"Dhaka, V., Singh, S., Ramamurthy, P. C., et al. (2023). Biological degradation of polyethylene terephthalate by rhizobacteria. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, 116488\u2013116497. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20324-9"]},{text:"Bhatt, J., & Srinivas, V. V. (2023). Re-inventing Bethlahmy method for estimating probable maximum precipitation. Journal of Hydrology, 626, 130344. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130344"]},{text:"Singh, S., Narasimhappa, P., Uppara, B., Behera, S. K., Varshney, R., Naik, T. S. S. K., Khan, N. A., Singh, J., & Ramamurthy, P. C. (2023). Bio-engineered sensing of Atrazine by green CdS quantum dots: Evidence from electrochemical studies and DFT simulations. Chemosphere, 345, 140465. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140465"]},{text:"Singh, S., Singh, L., Kumar, V., Ali, W., Ramamurthy, P. C., Dhanjal, D. S., Sivaram, N., Angurana, R., Singh, J., Pandey, V. C., & Khan, N. A. (2023). Algae-based approaches for holistic wastewater management: A low-cost paradigm. Chemosphere, 345, 140470. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140470"]},{text:"Narasimhappa, P., Singh, S., & Ramamurthy, P. C. (2023). Synthesis of water-soluble CdS quantum dots for the fluorescence detection of tetracycline. Environmental Pollution, 338, 122682. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122682"]},{text:"Xiong, J., Abhishek, Xu, L., Chandanpurkar, H. A., Famiglietti, J. S., Zhang, C., Ghiggi, G., Guo, S., Pan, Y., & Vishwakarma, B. D. (2023). ET-WB: Water-balance-based estimations of terrestrial evaporation over global land and major global basins. Earth System Science Data, 15(10), 4571\u20134597. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4571-2023"]},{text:"Budamala, V., Wadhwa, A., Das Bhowmik, R., Mahindrakar, A., Yellamelli, R. S. R., & Kasiviswanathan, K. S. (2023). Multi-temporal downscaling of daily to sub-daily streamflow for flash flood watersheds at ungauged stations using a hybrid framework. Journal of Hydrology, 625(Part B), 130110. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130110"]},{text:"Baccar, M., Raynal, H., Sekhar, M., Bergez, J.-E., Willaume, M., Casel, P., Giriraj, P., Murthy, S., & Ruiz, L. (2023). Dynamics of crop category choices reveal strategies and tactics used by smallholder farmers in India to cope with unreliable water availability. Agricultural Systems, 211, 103744. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2023.103744"]},{text:"Khan, N. A., L\xf3pez-Maldonado, E. A., Majumder, A., Singh, S., Varshney, R., L\xf3pez, J. R., M\xe9ndez, P. F., Ramamurthy, P. C., Khan, M. A., Khan, A. H., Mubarak, N. M., Amhad, W., Shamshuddin, S. Z. M., & Aljundi, I. H. (2023). A state-of-art-review on emerging contaminants: Environmental chemistry, health effect, and modern treatment methods. Chemosphere, 344, 140264. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140264"]},{text:"Narasimhappa, P., & Ramamurthy, P. C. (2023). Bio-mimicking the melanogenesis pathway using tyrosinase for dopamine sensing. Electrochimica Acta, 469, 143187. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2023.143187"]},{text:"Thomas, T. M., Bala, G., Vemavarapu, S. V., & Boos, W. R. (2023). Opposite Changes in Monsoon Precipitation and Low Pressure System Frequency in Response to Orographic Forcing. Journal of Climate, 36(18), 6309-6329. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0476.1"]},{text:"Singh, S., Narasimhappa, P., Khan, N. A., Chauhan, V., Shehata, N., Behera, S. K., Singh, J., & Ramamurthy, P. C. (2023). Effective voltammetric tool for nano-detection of triazine herbicide (1-Chloro-3-ethylamino-5-isopropylamino-2,4,6-triazine) by naphthalene derivative. Environmental Research, 236(Part 2), 116808. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.116808"]},{text:"Dhanjal, D. S., Singh, S., Kumar, V., Ramamurthy, P. C., Chopra, C., Wani, A. K., Singh, R., & Singh, J. (2023). Isolation and characterization of cellulase-producing myxobacterial strain from the unique niche of Mirgund Wetland from the North-Western Himalayas. Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology, 11(5), 119-125. ",links:["http://doi.org/10.7324/JABB.2023.11514-1"]},{text:"Godbole, V., Singh, S., Ramamurthy, P. C., Khan, N. A., Bisht, M., Pal, M. K., Singh, J., Kumar, G., Esrafili, A., & Yousefi, M. (2023). Electroactive microbe communication: A crucial aspect for energy generation in bio-electrochemical systems. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 11(5), 110646. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2023.110646"]},{text:"Khan, N. A., Singh, S., L\xf3pez-Maldonado, E. A., Narasimhappa, P., M\xe9ndez-Herrera, P. F., L\xf3pez-L\xf3pez, J. R., Baig, U., Ramamurthy, P. C., Mubarak, N. M., Karri, R. R., & Aljundi, I. H. (2023). Emerging membrane technology and hybrid treatment systems for the removal of micropollutants from wastewater. Desalination, 565, 116873. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2023.116873"]},{text:"Vishnu, G., Singh, S., Kaul, N., Ramamurthy, P. C., Naik, T. S. S. K., Viswanath, R., Kumar, V., Bhojya Naik, H. S., Prathap, A., Kumara, A. H., Singh, J., & Khan, N. A. (2023). Green synthesis of nickel-doped magnesium ferrite nanoparticles via combustion for facile microwave-assisted optical and photocatalytic applications. Environmental Research, 235, 116598. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.116598"]},{text:"Verma, K., Manisha, M., Santrupt, R. M., Anirudha, T. P., Goswami, S., Sekhar, M., Ramesh, N., Kumar, M. S. M., Chanakya, H. N., & Rao, L. (2023). Assessing groundwater recharge rates, water quality changes, and agricultural impacts of large-scale water recycling. Science of The Total Environment, 877, 162869. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162869"]},{text:"Thomas, T. M., Bala, G., & Vemavarapu, S. V. (2023). How do the characteristics of monsoon low pressure systems over India change under a warming climate? A modeling study using the NCAR CESM. Climate Dynamics, 61, 5017\u20135034. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-023-06837-0"]},{text:"Narasimhappa, P., Varshney, R., Singh, S., Naik, T. S. S. K., & Ramamurthy, P. C. (2023). 3D rhombohedral microcrystals metal-organic frameworks for electrochemical and fluorescence sensing of tetracycline. Chemosphere, 333, 138977. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138977"]},{text:"Bhardwaj, S., Sharma, D., Singh, S., et al. (2023). Physiological and molecular insights into the role of silicon in improving plant performance under abiotic stresses. Plant and Soil, 486, 25\u201343. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-022-05395-4"]},{text:"Rockstr\xf6m, J., Gupta, J., Qin, D., et al. (2023). Safe and just Earth system boundaries. Nature, 619, 102\u2013111. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06083-8"]},{text:"Nath, B., Singh, S., Behera, S. K., Ramamurthy, P. C., Mahapatra, D. R., & Hegde, G. (2023). Perovskite solar cell performance analysis via interface engineering employing MOF-composite. Solar Energy, 257, 249-256. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2023.04.035"]},{text:"Kumar, V., Ramamurthy, P. C., Singh, S., Dhanjal, D. S., Parihar, P., Bhatia, D., Prasad, R., & Singh, J. (2023). Phytochemistry and ethnomedicinal qualities of metabolites from Phyllanthus emblica L.: A review. BioCell, 47(5), 1159-1176. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.32604/biocell.2023.022065"]},{text:"Anil, A. G., Singh, S., Joji, J., Singh, J., & Ramamurthy, P. C. (2023). Conducting polymer based sensor. In A. S. M. A. Haseeb (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Materials: Electronics (pp. 28-35). Academic Press",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819728-8.00125-X"]},{text:"Dey, P., Mathai, J., Sivapalan, M., & Mujumdar, P. (2023). On the regional-scale streamflow variability using flow duration curve. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions.",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2022-286"]},{text:"Singh, S., Naik, T. S. S. K., Uppara, B., Narasimhappa, P., Varshney, R., Chauhan, V., Shehata, N., Thamaraiselvan, C., Subramanian, S., Singh, J., Khan, N. A., Zahmatkesh, S., Singh, L., & Ramamurthy, P. C. (2023). Novel and sustainable green sulfur-doped carbon nanospheres via hydrothermal process for Cd (II) ion removal. Chemosphere, 328, 138533. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138533"]},{text:"Vishnu, G., Singh, S., Naik, T. S. S. K., Viswanath, R., Ramamurthy, P. C., Bhadrecha, P., Bhojya Naik, H. S., Singh, J., Khan, N. A., & Zahmatkesh, S. (2023). Photodegradation of methylene blue dye using light-driven photocatalyst-green cobalt doped cadmium ferrite nanoparticles as antibacterial agents. Journal of Cleaner Production, 404, 136977. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136977"]},{text:"Sabzehee, F., Amiri-Simkooei, A. R., Iran-Pour, S., Vishwakarma, B. D., & Kerachian, R. (2023). Enhancing spatial resolution of GRACE-derived groundwater storage anomalies in Urmia catchment using machine learning downscaling methods. Journal of Environmental Management, 330, 117180. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117180"]},{text:"Gupta, C., & Bhowmik, R. D. (2023). Application of a bivariate bias-correction approach to yield long-term attributes of Indian precipitation and temperature. Frontiers in Climate, 5. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2023.1067960"]},{text:"Ziegler, Y., Vishwakarma, B. D., Brady, A., Chuter, S., Royston, S., Westaway, R. M., & Bamber, J. L. (2023). Can GPS and GRACE data be used to separate past and present-day surface loading in a data-driven approach? Geophysical Journal International, 232(2), 884\u2013901. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac365"]},{text:"Rougier, J., Brady, A., Bamber, J., Chuter, S., Royston, S., Vishwakarma, B. D., Westaway, R., & Ziegler, Y. (2023). The scope of the Kalman filter for spatio-temporal applications in environmental science. Environmetrics, 34(1), e2773. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1002/env.2773"]},{text:"Basu, B., Bhowmik, R. D., & Sankarasubramanian, A. (2023). Changing seasonality of annual maximum floods over the conterminous US: Potential drivers and regional synthesis. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 28(4), 04023007. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1061/JHYEFF.HEENG-5768"]},{text:"Singh, S., Narasimhappa, P., Naik, T. S. S. K., Uppara, B., Thamaraiselvan, C., Behera, S. K., Kour, R., Dwivedi, P., Subramanian, S., Khan, N. A., Singh, J., & Ramamurthy, P. C. (2023). Removal of Pb ions using green Co3O4 nanoparticles: Simulation, modeling, adsorption, and biological studies. Environmental Research, 222, 115335. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.115335"]},{text:"Singh, S., Naik, T. S. S. K., Thamaraiselvan, C., Behera, S. K., Narasimhappa, P., Nath, B., Dwivedi, P., Singh, J., & Ramamurthy, P. C. (2023). Applicability of new sustainable and efficient green metal-based nanoparticles for removal of Cr(VI): Adsorption, antimicrobial, and DFT studies. Environmental Pollution, 320, 121105. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121105"]},{text:"Kour, R., Singh, S., Sharma, H. B., Naik, T. S. S. K., Shehata, N., Narasimhappa, P., Ali, W., Kapoor, D., Dhanjal, D. S., Singh, J., Khan, A. H., Khan, N. A., Yousefi, M., & Ramamurthy, P. C. (2023). Persistence and remote sensing of agri-food wastes in the environment: Current state and perspectives. Chemosphere, 317, 137822. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137822"]},{text:"Singh, S., Uppara, B., Naik, T. S. S. K., Behera, S. K., Khan, N. A., Singh, J., Singh, L., & Ramamurthy, P. C. (2023). Graphene oxide-based novel MOF nanohybrid for synergic removal of Pb (II) ions from aqueous solutions: Simulation and adsorption studies. Environmental Research, 216(Part 4), 114750. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.114750"]},{text:"Singh, S., Naik, T. S. S. K., Shehata, N., Aguilar-Marcelino, L., Dhokne, K., Lonare, S., Chauhan, V., Kumar, A., Singh, J., Ramamurthy, P. C., Khan, A. H., Khan, N. A., & Dehghani, M. H. (2023). Novel insights into graphene oxide-based adsorbents for remediation of hazardous pollutants from aqueous solutions: A comprehensive review. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 369, 120821. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120821"]},{text:"Swarnkar, S., & Mujumdar, P. (2023). Increasing flood frequencies under warming in the west-central Himalayas. Water Resources Research, 59, e2022WR032772. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR032772"]},{text:"Vishwakarma, B. D., Ziegler, Y., Bamber, J. L., & Royston, S. (2023). Separating GIA signal from surface mass change using GPS and GRACE data. Geophysical Journal International, 232(1), 537\u2013547. ",links:[" https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac336"]}]},{year:"2022",publications:[{text:"Mohan, T. R., Kumar, M. S., & Rao, L. (2022). Biofouling of hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes: A novel multiphase CFD\u2013porous\u2013CES model and experimental study. Journal of Membrane Science, 663, 121034. ",links:[". https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121034"]},{text:"Joseph, R., Mujumdar, P. P., & Das Bhowmik, R. (2022). Reconstruction of urban rainfall measurements to estimate the spatiotemporal variability of extreme rainfall. Water, 14(23), 3900.",links:["https://doi.org/10.3390/w14233900"]},{text:"Mohan, T. R., Kumar, M. S., & Rao, L. (2022). An integrated hydrodynamic-biokinetic model to optimize the treatment processes in a laboratory-scale, pilot-scale, and full-scale bioreactor. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 49, 103108. ",links:[" https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2022.103108"]},{text:"Sreeparvathy, V., & Srinivas, V. V. (2022). Meteorological flash droughts risk projections based on CMIP6 climate change scenarios. npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 5, 77. ",links:[" https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-022-00302-1"]},{text:"Nazir, A., Ghosh, P., Sakthivel, T., & Khan, M. A. (2023). Stable isotopic analysis of long-whiskered catfish (Sperata aor) otoliths for characterization of their habitat and relationship with water temperature in the Ganges River. Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology, 3(1), 57\u201366. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.2174/2210298102666220909110222"]},{text:"Singh, S., Naik, T. S. S. K., Uppara, B., et al. (2022). A systematic study of arsenic adsorption and removal from aqueous environments using novel graphene oxide functionalized UiO-66-NDC nanocomposites. Scientific Reports, 12, 15802. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-18959-2"]},{text:"Santy, S., Mujumdar, P., & Bala, G. (2022). Increased risk of water quality deterioration under climate change in Ganga River. Frontiers in Water, 4. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2022.971623"]},{text:"Mondal, S., Chakrabarti, R., & Ghosh, P. (2022). A multi-proxy (\u03b4\u2074\u2074/\u2074\u2070Ca, Sr/Ca, and \u0394\u2074\u2077) study of fish otoliths for determination of seawater temperature. Chemical Geology, 605, 120950. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.120950"]},{text:"Ganguly, S., & Chakrabarti, R. (2022). High precision TIMS measurements of stable Sr isotopes (\u03b4\u2078\u2078/\u2078\u2076Sr) of standards with different matrices and depth-bound seawater samples from the Bay of Bengal using a new 87Sr\u201384Sr double-spike. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 37(10), 1961\u20131971. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1039/D2JA00187J"]},{text:"Mondal, S., Chakrabarti, R., & Ghosh, P. (2022). A multi-proxy (\u03b444/40Ca, Sr/Ca, and \u039447) study of fish otoliths for determination of seawater temperature. Chemical Geology, 605, 120950. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.120950"]},{text:"Pawar, A., Singh, S., Ramamurthy, P. C., et al. (2022). Toxicity, environmental monitoring, and removal strategies of arsenic. International Journal of Environmental Research, 16, 66. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-022-00442-5"]},{text:"Singh, S., Naik, T. S. S. K., Chauhan, V., Shehata, N., Kaur, H., Dhanjal, D. S., Aguilar Marcelino, L., Bhati, S., Subramanian, S., Singh, J., & Ramamurthy, P. C. (2022). Ecological effects, remediation, distribution, and sensing techniques of chromium. Chemosphere, 307(Part 2), 135804. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135804"]},{text:"Singh, S., Ramamurthy, P. C., Dhanjal, D. S., Rana, S., Bhatia, D., Kanwar, R., Sharma, N. R., & Singh, J. (2022). Design and development of onsite biofilter unit for effective remediation of contaminants from wastewater. CLEAN \u2013 Soil, Air, Water. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.202100396"]},{text:"Vishwakarma, B. D., Ramsankaran, R. A. A. J., Azam, M. F., Bolch, T., Mandal, A., Srivastava, S., Kumar, P., Sahu, R., Navinkumar, P. J., Tanniru, S. R., Javed, A., Soheb, M., Dimri, A. P., Yadav, M., Devaraju, B., Chinnasamy, P., Reddy, M. J., Murugesan, G. P., Arora, M., Jain, S. K., Ojha, C. S. P., Harrison, S., & Bamber, J. (2022). Challenges in understanding the variability of the cryosphere in the Himalaya and its impact on regional water resources. Frontiers in Water, 4. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2022.909246"]},{text:"Masanta, S. K., & Srinivas, V. V. (2022). Proposal and evaluation of nonstationary versions of SPEI and SDDI based on climate covariates for regional drought analysis. Journal of Hydrology, 610, 127808. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127808"]},{text:"Nazir, A., Khan, M. A., & Ghosh, P. (2022). Assessment of variations in metal concentrations of the Ganges River water by using multivariate statistical techniques. Limnologica, 95, 125989. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2022.125989"]},{text:"Sreeparvathy, V., & Srinivas, V. V. (2022). Global assessment of spatiotemporal variability of wet, normal and dry conditions using multiscale entropy-based approach. Scientific Reports, 12, 9767. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-13830-w"]},{text:"Davis, S., Pentakota, L., Saptarishy, N., & Mujumdar, P. P. (2022). A flood forecasting framework coupling a high-resolution WRF ensemble with an urban hydrologic model. Frontiers in Earth Science, 10. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.883842"]},{text:"Fischer, C., Aubron, C., Trouv\xe9, A., et al. (2022). Groundwater irrigation reduces overall poverty but increases socioeconomic vulnerability in a semiarid region of southern India. Scientific Reports, 12, 8850. ",links:[". https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12814-0"]},{text:"Brauns, B., Chattopadhyay, S., Lapworth, D. J., Loveless, S. E., MacDonald, A. M., McKenzie, A. A., Sekhar, M., Nara, S. N. V., & Srinivasan, V. (2022). Assessing the role of groundwater recharge from tanks in crystalline bedrock aquifers in Karnataka, India, using hydrochemical tracers. Journal of Hydrology X, 15, 100121. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydroa.2022.100121"]},{text:"Singh, S., Naik, T. S. S. K., Anil, A. G., Khasnabis, S., Nath, B., Uppara, B., Kumar, V., Garg, V. K., Subramanian, S., Singh, J., & Ramamurthy, P. C. (2022). A novel CaO nanocomposite cross-linked graphene oxide for Cr(VI) removal and sensing from wastewater. Chemosphere, 301, 134714. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134714"]},{text:"Mathai, J., & Mujumdar, P. P. (2022). Use of streamflow indices to identify the catchment drivers of hydrographs. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 26(8), 2019\u20132033. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2019-2022"]},{text:"Acharya, S. S., Hishamunda, V., & Chakrabarti, R. (2022). Natural sources and anthropogenic influences on the river water and groundwater chemistry of the lower Mahanadi basin: Insights from radiogenic Sr isotopes and major ion chemistry. Frontiers in Water, 4.",links:["https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2022.846438"]},{text:"Bhanja, S. N., & Sekhar, M. (2022). Short-term and long-term replenishment of water storage influenced by lockdown and policy measures in drought-prone regions of Central India. Remote Sensing, 14(8), 1768. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14081768"]},{text:"Kiran, K. G., & Srinivas, V. V. (2022). Multivariate regional frequency analysis using conditional extreme values approach. Water Resources Research, 58, e2021WR031095. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR031095"]},{text:"Singh, S., Anil, A. G., Naik, T. S. S. K., Uppara, B., Khasnabis, S., Nath, B., Kumar, V., Subramanian, S., Singh, J., & Ramamurthy, P. C. (2022). Mechanism and kinetics of Cr(VI) adsorption on biochar derived from Citrobacter freundii under different pyrolysis temperatures. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 47, 102723. ",links:[" https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2022.102723"]},{text:"Singh, S., Naik, T. S. S. K., Anil, A. G., Dhiman, J., Kumar, V., Dhanjal, D. S., Aguilar-Marcelino, L., Singh, J., & Ramamurthy, P. C. (2022). Micro (nano) plastics in wastewater: A critical review on toxicity risk assessment, behaviour, environmental impact, and challenges. Chemosphere, 290, 133169. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133169"]},{text:"Vishwakarma, B. D., Horwath, M., Groh, A., & Bamber, J. L. (2022). Accounting for GIA signal in GRACE products. Geophysical Journal International, 228(3), 2056\u20132060. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab464"]},{text:"Kumar, V., Ameen, F., Islam, M. A., Agrawal, S., Motghare, A., Dey, A., Shah, M. P., Am\xe9rico-Pinheiro, J. H. P., Singh, S., & Ramamurthy, P. C. (2022). Evaluation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity effects of refractory pollutants of untreated and biomethanated distillery effluent using Allium cepa. Environmental Pollution, 300, 118975. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118975"]},{text:"Singh, S., Khasnabis, S., Anil, A. G., Kumar, V., Naik, T. S. S. K., Nath, B., Garg, V. K., Singh, J., & Ramamurthy, P. C. (2022). Multifunctional nanohybrid for simultaneous detection and removal of Arsenic(III) from aqueous solutions. Chemosphere, 289, 133101. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133101"]},{text:"Naik, T. S. S. K., Kesavan, A. V., Kumara Swamy, B. E., Singh, S., Anil, A. G., Madhavi, V., & Ramamurthy, P. C. (2022). Low cost, trouble-free disposable pencil graphite electrode sensor for the simultaneous detection of hydroquinone and catechol. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 278, 125663. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2021.125663"]},{text:"Sharma, S., & Mujumdar, P. P. (2022). Modeling concurrent hydroclimatic extremes with parametric multivariate extreme value models. Water Resources Research, 58, e2021WR031519. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR031519"]},{text:"Mohan, R. T., Chanakya, H. N., Kumar, M. S., & Rao, L. (2022). Achieving biological nutrient removal in an old sewage treatment plant through process modifications \u2013 A simulation and experimental study. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 45, 102461.",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2021.102461"]},{text:"Thomas, T. M., Bala, G., & Vemavarapu, S. V. (2022). CESM simulation of monsoon low pressure systems over India. International Journal of Climatology, 42(11), 5964\u20135984.",links:["https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.7571"]},{text:"Thomas, T. M., Bala, G., & Vemavarapu, S. (2022). Influence of Himalayan and Tibetan orography on the statistics of monsoon low pressure systems over the Indian subcontinent. ESS Open Archive eprints, 105. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10510510.1 "]},{text:"Naik, T. S. S. K., Swamy, B. E. K., Singh, S., et al. (2022). Fabrication and theoretical analysis of sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate-anchored carbon paste electrode for the simultaneous detection of adrenaline and paracetamol. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 52, 697\u2013708. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-021-01663-w"]},{text:"Dhaka, V., Singh, S., Anil, A. G., et al. (2022). Occurrence, toxicity and remediation of polyethylene terephthalate plastics: A review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 20, 1777\u20131800. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01384-8"]},{text:"Kumar, V., Agrawal, S., Shahi, S. K., Motghare, A., Singh, S., & Ramamurthy, P. C. (2022). Bioremediation potential of newly isolated Bacillus albus strain VKDS9 for decolourization and detoxification of biomethanated distillery effluent and its metabolites characterization for environmental sustainability. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 26, 102260. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2021.102260"]},{text:"Singh, S., Anil, A. G., Kumar, V., Kapoor, D., Subramanian, S., Singh, J., & Ramamurthy, P. C. (2022). Nitrates in the environment: A critical review of their distribution, sensing techniques, ecological effects, and remediation.Chemosphere, 287(1), 131996. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131996"]},{text:"Singh, S., Anil, A. G., Khasnabis, S., Kumar, V., Nath, B., Adiga, V., Naik, T. S. S. K., Subramanian, S., Kumar, V., Singh, J., & Ramamurthy, P. C. (2022). Sustainable removal of Cr(VI) using graphene oxide-zinc oxide nanohybrid: Adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics. Environmental Research, 203, 111891.",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111891"]},{text:"Singh, S., Kumar, V., Anil, A. G., Romero, R., Ramamurthy, P. C., & Singh, J. (2022). Biodegradation of phorate by bacterial strains in the presence of humic acid and metal ions. Journal of Basic Microbiology, 62, 498\u2013507. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.202100332"]},{text:"Kaginalkar, A., Ghude, S. D., Mohanty, U. C., Mujumdar, P., Bhakare, S., Darbari, H., Dwivedi, A. K., Gavali, P., Gavhale, S., Islam, S., Kadam, G., Kedia, S., Khare, M., Kharkar, N., Kulkarni, S. H., Meher, S. S., Nath, A. K., Niyaz, M., Pokale, S., Valappil, V. K., Debnath, S., Jena, C., Nadimpalli, R., Swain, M., Davis, S., Avinash, S., Kishtawal, C., Gargava, P., Attri, S. D., & Niyogi, D. (2022). Integrated Urban Environmental System of Systems for Weather Ready Cities in India. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 103(1), E54-E76. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0279.1"]},{text:"Lehmann, F., Vishwakarma, B. D., & Bamber, J. (2022). How well are we able to close the water budget at the global scale? Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 26(1), 35\u201354. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-35-2022"]},{text:"Sreeparvathy, V., & Srinivas, V. V. (2022). A Bayesian fuzzy clustering approach for design of precipitation gauge network using merged remote sensing and ground-based precipitation products. Water Resources Research, 58, e2021WR030612. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR030612"]},{text:"Ghosh, P., Rajawat, V. S., Nazir, A., & others. (2022). Stable isotope on hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha) otoliths revealed migratory behavior of a population found in Hooghly River, West Bengal, India. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 105, 1909\u20131918. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-022-01215-x"]}]},{year:"2021",publications:[{text:"Kapoor, D., Singh, S., Ramamurthy, P. C., Jan, S., Bhardwaj, S., Gill, S. S., Prasad, R., & Singh, J. (2021). Molecular consequences of cadmium toxicity and its regulatory networks in plants. Plant Gene, 28, 100342. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plgene.2021.100342"]},{text:"Singh, S., Kumar, V., Anil, A. G., Kapoor, D., Khasnabis, S., Shekar, S., Pavithra, N., Samuel, J., Subramanian, S., Singh, J., & Ramamurthy, P. C. (2021). Adsorption and detoxification of pharmaceutical compounds from wastewater using nanomaterials: A review on mechanism, kinetics, valorization and circular economy. Journal of Environmental Management, 300, 113569. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113569"]},{text:"Datta, S., Ramamurthy, P. C., Anand, U., Singh, S., Singh, A., Dhanjal, D. S., Dhaka, V., Kumar, S., Kapoor, D., Nandy, S., Kumar, M., Koshy, E. P., Dey, A., Pro\u0107k\xf3w, J., & Singh, J. (2021). Wonder or evil?: Multifaceted health hazards and health benefits of Cannabis sativa and its phytochemicals. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28(12), 7290\u20137313. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.036"]},{text:"Gowri, R., Dey, P., & Mujumdar, P. P. (2021). A hydro-climatological outlook on the long-term availability of water resources in the Cauvery river basin. Water Security, 14, 100102. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasec.2021.100102"]},{text:"Galadima, M., Singh, S., Pawar, A., Khasnabis, S., Dhanjal, D. S., Anil, A. G., Rai, P., Ramamurthy, P. C., & Singh, J. (2021). Toxicity, microbial degradation and analytical detection of pyrethroids: A review. Environmental Advances, 5, 100105. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envadv.2021.100105"]},{text:"Dey, P., & Mujumdar, P. (2021). On the statistical complexity of streamflow. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 67(1), 40\u201353. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2021.2000991"]},{text:"Bhagat, H., Ghosh, P., & Kumar, D. N. (2021). Estimation of seasonal base flow contribution to a tropical river using stable isotope analysis. Journal of Hydrology, 601, 126661. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126661"]},{text:"Singh, S., Singh, J., Ramamurthy, P. C., Kumar, V., Bhardwaj, S., & Garg, V. K. (2021). Biodegradation of monocrotophos by indigenous soil bacterial isolates in the presence of humic acid, Fe (III) and Cu (II) ions. Bioresource Technology Reports, 15, 100778",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2021.100778"]},{text:"Swarnkar, S., Mujumdar, P., & Sinha, R. (2021). Modified hydrologic regime of upper Ganga basin induced by natural and anthropogenic stressors. Scientific Reports, 11, 19491. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98827-7"]},{text:"Kiran, K. G., & Srinivas, V. V. (2021). Distributional regression forests approach to regional frequency analysis with partial duration series. Water Resources Research, 57, e2021WR029909. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR029909"]},{text:"Singh, S., Kumar, V., Kanwar, R., Wani, A. B., Gill, J. P. K., Garg, V. K., Singh, J., & Ramamurthy, P. C. (2021). Toxicity and detoxification of monocrotophos from ecosystem using different approaches: A review. Chemosphere, 275, 130051. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130051"]},{text:"Singh, S., Kumar, V., Parihar, P., Ramamurthy, P. C., & Singh, J. (2021). Differential regulation of drought stress by biological membrane transporters and channels. Plant Cell Reports, 40(11), 1565\u20131583. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-021-02730-4"]},{text:"Bhardwaj, S., Kapoor, D., Singh, S., & et al. (2021). Nitric oxide: A ubiquitous signal molecule for enhancing plant tolerance to salinity stress and their molecular mechanisms. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 40(4), 2329\u20132341. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10394-3"]},{text:"Ghosh, P., Ramdas, L., Banerjee, Y., & others. (2021). Seasonal freshwater flux estimation using mollusc from the tropical Mandovi Zuari estuary, Goa, India. Journal of Earth System Science, 130, 107. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-021-01611-4"]},{text:"Das, K., Mishra, A. K., Singh, A., Agrahari, S., Chakrabarti, R., & Mukherjee, A. (2021). Solute exchanges between multi-depth groundwater and surface water of climatically vulnerable Gangetic delta front aquifers of Sundarbans. Journal of Environmental Management, 284, 112026. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112026"]},{text:"Ramamurthy, P. C., Singh, S., Kapoor, D., et al. (2021). Microbial biotechnological approaches: Renewable bioprocessing for the future energy systems. Microbial Cell Factories, 20, 55. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-021-01547-w"]},{text:"Dar, S. S., Ghosh, P., & Hillaire-Marcel, C. (2021). Convection, terrestrial recycling, and oceanic moisture regulate the isotopic composition of precipitation at Srinagar, Kashmir. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126, e2020JD032853. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD032853"]},{text:"Singh, S., Kumar, V., Kapoor, D., et al. (2021). Detection and disinfection of COVID-19 virus in wastewater. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 19, 1917\u20131933. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01202-1"]},{text:"Singh, S., Kapoor, D., Khasnabis, S., et al. (2021). Mechanism and kinetics of adsorption and removal of heavy metals from wastewater using nanomaterials. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 19, 2351\u20132381. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01196-w"]},{text:"Chavan, S. R., & Srinivas, V. V. (2021). Evaluation of three approaches to probable maximum precipitation estimation: A study on two Indian river basins. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 144(3), 731\u2013749. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-021-03557-5"]},{text:"Horan, R., Gowri, R., Wable, P. S., Baron, H., Keller, V. D. J., Garg, K. K., Mujumdar, P. P., Houghton-Carr, H., & Rees, G. (2021). A comparative assessment of hydrological models in the upper Cauvery catchment. Water, 13(2), 151. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.3390/w13020151"]},{text:"Thomas, T. M., Bala, G., & Srinivas, V. V. (2021). Characteristics of the monsoon low pressure systems in the Indian subcontinent and the associated extreme precipitation events. Climate Dynamics, 56, 1859\u20131878. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05562-2"]},{text:"Kiran, K. G., & Srinivas, V. V. (2021). Fuzzy ensemble clustering approach to address regionalization uncertainties in flood frequency analysis. Water Resources Research, 57, e2020WR028412. ",links:[""]},{text:"Kiran, K. G., & Srinivas, V. V. (2021). A Mahalanobis distance-based automatic threshold selection method for Peaks Over Threshold model. Water Resources Research, 57, e2020WR027534. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR027534"]},{text:"Masanta, S. K., & Srinivas, V. V. (2021). Regionalization of evapotranspiration in India using fuzzy dynamic clustering approach. Part 2: Applications of regions. International Journal of Climatology, 41(Suppl. 1), E1371\u2013E1395. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6773"]}]},{year:"2020",publications:[{text:"Singh, P. K., Dey, P., Jain, S. K., & Mujumdar, P. P. (2020). Hydrology and water resources management in ancient India. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 24(10), 4691\u20134707. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4691-2020"]},{text:"Paul, V., Banerjee, Y., Ghosh, P., et al. (2020). Depthwise microbiome and isotopic profiling of a moderately saline microbial mat in a solar saltern. Scientific Reports, 10, 20686. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77622-w"]},{text:"Chawla, I., & Mujumdar, P. P. (2020). Evaluating rainfall datasets to reconstruct floods in data-sparse Himalayan region. Journal of Hydrology, 588, 125090. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125090"]},{text:"Rajulapati, C. R., Gupta, H., & Mujumdar, P. P. (2020). Diurnal variability of hydrological variables in urban areas. Urban Climate, 33, 100669. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2020.100669"]},{text:"Sreeparvathy, V., & Srinivas, V. V. (2020). A fuzzy entropy approach for design of hydrometric monitoring networks. Journal of Hydrology, 586, 124797. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124797"]},{text:"Banerjee, Y., Sakthivel, T., & Ghosh, P. (2020). Orbital forcing controlling dry time carbonate precipitation temperature over landmass in the northern mid-latitude during last 50,000 years revealed from carbonate clumped isotope thermometry. Current Science, 119(2), 265\u2013272. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v119/i2/265-272"]},{text:"Santy, S., Mujumdar, P., & Bala, G. (2020). Potential impacts of climate and land use change on the water quality of Ganga River around the industrialized Kanpur region. Scientific Reports, 10, 9107. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66171-x"]},{text:"Rehana, S., Rajulapati, C. R., Ghosh, S., Karmakar, S., & Mujumdar, P. (2020). Uncertainty quantification in water resource systems modeling: Case studies from India. Water, 12(6), 1793. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.3390/w12061793"]},{text:"Masanta, S. K., & Vemavarapu, S. V. (2020). Regionalization of evapotranspiration using fuzzy dynamic clustering approach. Part 1: Formation of regions in India. International Journal of Climatology, 40(7), 3514\u20133530. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6411"]}]},{year:"2019",publications:[{text:"Chandra, Rupa, Rajulapati., Pradeep, Mujumdar. (2019). Flood Modelling: Recent Indian Contributions. 85(4):705-722. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.16943/PTINSA/2019/49648"]},{text:"Mathai, J., & Mujumdar, P. P. (2019). Multisite daily streamflow simulation with time irreversibility. Water Resources Research, 55, 9334\u20139350. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR025058"]},{text:"Tawde, S. A., Kulkarni, A. V., & Bala, G. (2019). An assessment of climate change impacts on glacier mass balance and geometry in the Chandra Basin, Western Himalaya for the 21st century. Environmental Research Communications, 1(4), 041003. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ab1d6d"]},{text:"Chandra Rupa, R., & Mujumdar, P. P. (2019). Hydrologic impacts of climate change: Quantification of uncertainties. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy, 85(1), 77\u201394. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.16943/ptinsa/2018/49506"]},{text:"Acharya, S. S., & Chakrabarti, R. (2019). Variations in trace metal concentrations and Sr, Nd isotopic compositions in sediments from two contrasting settings in the Eastern Arabian Shelf: Implications for provenance and paleoclimate reconstruction. Chemical Geology, 509, 134\u2013151. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.01.016"]}]},{year:"2018",publications:[{text:"Chakrabarti, R., Mondal, S., Acharya, S. S., et al. (2018). Submarine groundwater discharge derived strontium from the Bengal Basin traced in Bay of Bengal water samples. Scientific Reports, 8, 4383. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-22299-5"]}]},{year:"2017",publications:[{text:"Tawde, S. A., Kulkarni, A. V., & Bala, G. (2017). An estimate of glacier mass balance for the Chandra basin, western Himalaya, for the period 1984\u20132012. Annals of Glaciology, 58(75pt2), 99\u2013109. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2017.18"]},{text:"Tharammal, T., G. Bala, and D. Noone (2017), Impact of deep convection on the isotopic amount effect in tropical precipitation, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 122, 1505\u20131523, ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025555"]}]},{year:"2016",publications:[{text:"Rahul, P., Ghosh, P., Bhattacharya, S. K., & Yoshimura, K. (2016). Controlling factors of rainwater and water vapor isotopes at Bengaluru, India: Constraints from observations in 2013 Indian monsoon. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 121, 13,936\u201313,952. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025352"]},{text:"Devaraju, N., Bala, G., Caldeira, K., & Nemani, R. (2016). A model based investigation of the relative importance of CO2-fertilization, climate warming, nitrogen deposition and land use change on the global terrestrial carbon uptake in the historical period. Climatic Dynamics, 47(1-2), 173-190. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2830-8"]}]}],ve=[{year:"2025",publications:[{text:"Bhatt, J., & Srinivas, V. V. (2025, April 27\u2013May 2). Revising probable maximum precipitation (PMP) estimates under changing climate [Conference abstract]. EGU General Assembly 2025, Vienna, Austria.",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-4786"]},{text:"Singh, M., Bala, G., & Seshadri, A. K. (2025, April 27\u2013May 2). Biases in model simulations of Indian Summer Monsoon low-pressure systems [Conference abstract]. EGU General Assembly 2025, Vienna, Austria.",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-5990"]},{text:"Goswami, S., Ternikar, C., Kandala, R., Pillai, N., Yadav, V. K., Abhishek, A., Joseph, J., Ghosh, S., & Vishwakarma, B. D. (2025, April 27\u2013May 2). A Kalman filter approach for reducing uncertainty in Global Evapotranspiration: Advancing global water budget closure [Conference abstract]. EGU General Assembly 2025, Vienna, Austria.",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-1051"]}]},{year:"2024",publications:[{text:"Ternikar, C., Goswami, S., Kandala, R., et al. (2024, December 11). Challenges in validating large-scale ET estimates: A comparative study of six global products [Preprint]. ESS Open Archive.",links:["https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.173393976.69532665/v1"]},{text:"Sengupta, S., & Das Bhowmik, R. (2024, December). A Himalayan challenge for machine learning: Snow cover in Baspa Basin [Conference abstract]. AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2024. C41D-0193.",links:["https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024AGUFMC41D.0193S"]},{text:"Shaw, B., Sharma, P., & Vishwakarma, B. D. (2024). Towards a novel water budget partitioning framework to better characterize the impact of climate and storage change on water fluxes. EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14\u201319 April 2024. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-958"]},{text:"Vishwakarma, B. D. (2024). GRACE for Earth system science: Novel insights into hydrology, sea level rise, and solid Earth uplift. EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14\u201319 April 2024. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-11422"]},{text:"Mandal, A., Bhardwaj, A., Azam, M. F., Vishwakarma, B. D., & Angchuk, T. (2024). Increased up-glacier thinning in four major glaciers of High Mountain Asia revealed by geodetic mass balance estimates. EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14\u201319 April 2024. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-920"]},{text:"Yadav, V. K., & Vishwakarma, B. D. (2024). Terrestrial water storage reconstruction: A causal inference approach. EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14\u201319 April 2024. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-971"]},{text:"Sukumaran, V., & Vishwakarma, B. D. (2024). Comparing altimetry-derived coastal sea level anomaly with tide gauge observations along the global coastline by accounting for shelf-width. EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14\u201319 April 2024. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-1007"]},{text:"Kusuman, K., Pentakota, L., Kishore, N., Gaddam, N., Rishika, A., Mujumdar, P. P., & Bhowmik, R. D. (2024). A qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the WRF model simulations for high resolution urban rainfall forecasting. EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14\u201319 April 2024. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-14385"]},{text:"Das Bhowmik, R., Tabbussum, R., & Mujumdar, P. (2024). Understanding the association between global teleconnections and concurrent drought and heatwaves events over India. EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14\u201319 April 2024. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-11345"]},{text:"Sengupta, S., & Das Bhowmik, R. (2024). Cryosphere, causality, and couplings of ocean and atmosphere: The secrets of Himalayan snow. EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14\u201319 April 2024. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-1069"]},{text:"Dutta, D., Srinivas, V. V., & Bala, G. (2024). Characteristics of compound flooding along the Indian coastline: Seasonal and interannual variability. Abstract presented at EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14\u201319 Apr 2024. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-8078"]},{text:"Bhatt, J., & Srinivas, V. V. (2024). Estimating reliable Probable Maximum Precipitation at data-sparse locations. EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14\u201319 April 2024, EGU24-244. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-244"]}]},{year:"2023",publications:[{text:"Gaddam, N., Kishore, N., Wadhwa, A., Pentakota, L., & Mujumdar, P. (2023). High-resolution urban rainfall and flood forecasts using improved landuse datasets in a coupled hydromet model. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (Vol. 2023, p. H23S-1833). ",links:["https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023AGUFM.H23S1833G"]},{text:"Sengupta, S., & Das Bhowmik, R. D. (2023, December). Sea surface to snowy summits: Teleconnections as drivers of snow cover in Himalayan basins. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (Vol. 2023, No. 1043, pp. C53B-1043). ",links:["https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023AGUFM.C53B1043S"]},{text:"Sai Vikas, K., & Das Bhowmik, R. D. (2023, December). Development of robust hierarchical river stage-discharge relationships relying on hydroclimate and morphological drivers. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (Vol. 2023, No. 1043, pp. H43B-2083). ",links:[" https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023AGUFM.H43B2083S"]},{text:"Das Bhowmik, R., Rasool, T., Sahoo, S., & Kumar, D. N. (2023, December). Modeling unprecedented extreme rainfall events using a novel stochastic rainfall generator. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (Vol. 2023, No. 1043, pp. A21C-2262). ",links:["https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023AGUFM.A21C2262D"]},{text:"Budamala, V., Singh, S., & Das Bhowmik, R. D. (2023, December). Improving the forecasting of warm season predictability with adaptive machine learning-based subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) ensemble prediction. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (Vol. 2023, No. 1043, pp. A21G-2357). ",links:["https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023AGUFM.A21G2357B"]},{text:"Posa, P. C. L., & Das Bhowmik, R. D. (2023, December). Spatio-temporal analysis of annual maximum rainfall under the influence of large-scale oscillations. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (Vol. 2023, No. 1043, pp. A14D-04). ",links:["https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023AGUFM.A14D..04P"]},{text:"Patil, A., & Das Bhowmik, R. D. (2023, December). Evaluate the Occurrence of Extreme Events in Two Indian Basins Using Rainfall-Runoff Model. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (Vol. 2023, No. 1526, pp. H13G-1526).",links:[""]},{text:"Dutta, D., Srinivas, V. V., & Bala, G. (2023, December). Impact of ENSO and IOD on the interannual variability of compound sea level and rainfall extremes along the Indian coastline. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (Vol. 2023, No. NH41D-0753). American Geophysical Union. ",links:["https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023AGUFMNH41D0753D"]},{text:"Panda, B., Chakrabarti, R., Misra, S., & Vuruputur, V. (2023, July 12). A Sr isotopic study of the interaction of river water, seawater, and groundwater in the Hooghly (Ganga) estuary [Poster presentation]. EGU General Assembly 2023, Lyon Congress Center. ",links:["https://conf.goldschmidt.info/goldschmidt/2023/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/14498"]},{text:"Harini, V., Wadhwa, A., & Mujumdar, P. (2023). Impact of spatio-temporal disaggregation of rainfall on hydrological modelling. In EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24\u201328 April 2023, EGU23-2705. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-2705"]},{text:"Bhargav Kumar, K., & Mujumdar, P. (2023). Towards temporal scaling laws for the risk analysis of rare flood events. In EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24\u201328 April 2023, EGU23-4837. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-4837"]},{text:"Rastogi, N. K., Wadhwa, A., & Mujumdar, P. (2023). Impact of climate change on non-stationary IDF curves for urban areas. In EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24\u201328 April 2023, EGU23-2673. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-2673"]},{text:"Rishika, A., Reghunath, G., & Mujumdar, P. (2023). Impact of climate change on non-stationarity of extreme streamflows in Godavari River Basin, India. In EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24\u201328 April 2023, EGU23-2697. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-2697"]},{text:"Vijayan, K. A., & Mujumdar, P. (2023). On detecting signals of anthropogenic climate change in basin-scale hydrologic variables. In EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24\u201328 April 2023, EGU23-2684. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-2684"]},{text:"Gaddam, N., Wadhwa, A., Pentakota, L., Reghunath, G., & Mujumdar, P. (2023). Integration of the WRF model with fine-scale land use data to simulate extreme rainfall events. In EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24\u201328 April 2023, EGU23-3183. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-3183"]},{text:"Reghunath, G., & Mujumdar, P. (2023). An information-theoretic approach for evaluating catchment scale process relationships. In EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24\u201328 April 2023, EGU23-344. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-344"]},{text:"Tripathi, V., Vishwakarma, B. D., & Horwath, M. (2023). Data-driven and scaling factor methods of GRACE leakage correction: Can they be reconciled? EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24\u201328 April 2023. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-344"]},{text:"Mandal, A., Vishwakarma, B. D., Angchuk, T., Azam, M. F., Garg, P. K., & Soheb, M. (2023). Glacier mass balance and its climatic and non-climatic drivers in the Ladakh region during 2000-2021 from remote sensing data. EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24\u201328 April 2023. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-6319"]},{text:"Vishwakarma, B. D., Ziegler, Y., Royston, S., & Bamber, J. L. (2023). A data-driven framework for estimating GIA from GPS and GRACE data. EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24\u201328 April 2023. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-11697"]},{text:"Budamala, V., Wadhwa, A., & Bhowmik, R. D. (2023). Multi-temporal downscaling of streamflow for ungauged stations/sub-basins from daily to sub-daily interval using a hybrid framework \u2013 A case study on flash flood watershed. EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24\u201328 April 2023. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-1855"]},{text:"Samuel, W., Vuruputur, V., & Chakrabarti, R. (2023). Process-based hydrologic and hydraulic modelling for floods in Brahmaputra. In EGU General Assembly 2023 (Vol. 2023, EGU23-4426). ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-4426"]},{text:"Chakraborty, A., Muddu, S., & Rao, L. (2023, April 24\u201328). Assessment of the long-term temporal resilience of the Indian terrestrial ecosystems: Insights into the country-scale drivers [Presentation]. EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-257"]},{text:"Chen, H., Wang, L., Chen, Y.-L., Xie, P., Chen, C.-R., & Liao, T. (2023). Deep learning for uncertainty quantification of satellite retrievals of precipitation: Case studies in two complex terrain regions. EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24\u201328 Apr 2023, EGU23-1718. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-1718"]},{text:"Tharammal, T., Bala, G., Nusbaumer, J., & Paul, A. (2023). Effects of glacial conditions on the circulation and water vapor sources of Indian monsoon precipitation. EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24\u201328 Apr 2023, EGU23-8251. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-8251"]},{text:"Chandra, C. S., Vuruputur, V., & Muddu, S. (2023). Characteristics of Large-Scale and Localized Droughts in the Gangetic Plains. EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24\u201328 April 2023, EGU23-11077. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-11077"]},{text:"Dutta, D., Srinivas, V. V., & Bala, G. (2023). Trends in the frequency and intensity of compound coastal flooding events along the Indian coastline during 1980-2020. EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24\u201328 April 2023, EGU23-17187. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-17187"]},{text:"Goel, A., & Srinivas, V. V. (2023). Deriving regional IDF curves for data-sparse areas in climate change scenarios using merged satellite and ground-based precipitation and GCMs. EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24\u201328 April 2023, EGU23-304. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-304"]},{text:"Bhatt, J., Srinivas, V. V., Srinivas, V. V., & Srinivas, V. V. (2023). Comparison of different variants of storm maximization method for probable maximum precipitation estimation in changing climate. EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24\u201328 April 2023, EGU23-453. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-453"]}]},{year:"2022",publications:[{text:"Santy, S., Mujumdar, P., & Bala, G. (2022). Influence of climate change, land use land cover, population, and industries on the pollution of Ganga River. EGUsphere [Preprint]. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-796"]},{text:"Sengupta, S., & Das Bhowmik, R. D. (2022). Understanding the influence of snow cover in issuing streamflow forecasts for high-mountainous basins in the Himalayan region. In Proceedings of the 39th IAHR World Congress (pp. 2521\u20132517). ",links:["https://doi.org/10.3850/IAHR-39WC252171192022930"]},{text:"Santy, S., Mujumdar, P., & Bala, G. (2022). Projection of the risk of nutrient pollution and eutrophication for mid-21st century under changing climate and land use land cover. In EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23\u201327 May 2022, EGU22-75",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-75"]},{text:"Reghunath, G., & Mujumdar, P. (2022). Role of spatial resolution in simulating hydrological processes using a physically-based hydrological model. In EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23\u201327 May 2022, EGU22-211. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-211"]},{text:"Santy, S., Mujumdar, P., & Bala, G. (2022). Projection of the risk of nutrient pollution and eutrophication for mid-21st century under changing climate and land use land cover. EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23\u201327 May 2022, EGU22-75. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-75"]},{text:"Thomas, T. M., Bala, G., & Srinivas, V. V. (2022). Change in characteristics of Monsoon low pressure systems under a warming climate. EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23\u201327 May 2022, EGU22-1006. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-1006"]},{text:"Santy, S., Mujumdar, P., & Bala, G. (2022). Influence of climate change, land use land cover, population and industries on the pollution of Ganga River. EGUsphere [preprint]. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-796"]}]},{year:"2021",publications:[{text:"Santy, S., Mujumdar, P., & Bala, G. (2021). Combined impact of climate change and land use on water quality in the mid-21st century: A modelling study for a highly industrialized stretch of Ganga River. In EGU General Assembly 2021, online, 19\u201330 April 2021, EGU21-795. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-795"]},{text:"Reghunath, G., & Mujumdar, P. (2021). A comparative assessment of HEC-HMS and VIC hydrological models for simulating hydrological processes in Cauvery River Basin, India. In EGU General Assembly 2021, online, 19\u201330 April 2021, EGU21-14161. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-14161"]},{text:"Chakraborty, A., Muddu, S., & Rao, L. (2021, April 19\u201330). Assessment of impact of hydroclimatic disturbances on terrestrial GPP extremes of India under land use and climate change [Presentation]. EGU General Assembly 2021, online. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-4195"]},{text:"Chakraborty, A., Muddu, S., & Rao, L. (2021). Assessment of the carbonate weathering carbon sink potential of Indian ecosystems for the 21st century. Abstract presented at Goldschmidt 2021. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.5584"]},{text:"Santy, S., Mujumdar, P., & Bala, G. (2021). Combined impact of climate change and land use on water quality in the mid-21st century: A modelling study for a highly industrialized stretch of Ganga River. EGU General Assembly 2021, online, 19\u201330 April 2021, EGU21-795. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-795"]},{text:"Thomas, T. M., Bala, G., & Srinivas, V. V. (2021). An investigation of the bias in the median track of Monsoon Low Pressure Systems over the Indian subcontinent in CESM1.2.2 simulations. EGU General Assembly 2021, online, 19\u201330 April 2021, EGU21-3879. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-3879"]}]},{year:"2020",publications:[{text:"Thomas, T. M., Bala, G., & Venkata Vemavarapu, S. (2020). Statistics of Monsoon Low Pressure Systems in the Indian Subcontinent and Estimation of Related Extreme Rainfall Risk. EGU General Assembly 2020, online, 4\u20138 May 2020, EGU2020-1837. ",links:[" https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-1837"]},{text:"Masanta, S. K., & Venkata Vemavarapu, S. (2020). Evaluating validity of Bouchet-Morton complementary relationship at regional scale through terrestrial evapotranspiration derived using remote sensing platform and land surface models. EGU General Assembly 2020, Online, 4\u20138 May 2020, EGU2020-910. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-910"]},{text:"Kezhkepurath Gangadhara, K., & Venkata Vemavarapu, S. (2020). Probabilistic flood hazard maps at ungauged locations using multivariate extreme values approach. EGU General Assembly 2020, Online, 4\u20138 May 2020, EGU2020-732. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-732"]},{text:"Nara, S. N. V., Muddu, S., & Ghosh, P. (2020). Assessment of variation of baseflow contribution to stream flow in a hard-rock aquifer. EGU General Assembly 2020, Online, 4\u20138 May 2020, EGU2020-21691. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-21691"]}]}],lt=[{year:"2025",publications:[{text:"Vishwakarma, B. D., Steffen, H., Riva, R. E. M., & Steffen, R. (2025). A brief history of GIA research and recent advances via remote sensing. In Remote Sensing for Geophysicists (1st ed, pp. 13\u2013). CRC Press. ISBN 9781003485278.",links:["https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003485278"]}]},{year:"2024",publications:[{text:"Husien, S., Mahmoud, A. E. D., Ashour, G., Singh, S., Aguilar-Marcelino, L., Ramamurthy, P. C., & Shehata, N. (2024). Sampling and processing of microplastics from water. In Microplastic Pollutants in Biotic Systems: Environmental Impact and Remediation Techniques (ACS Symposium Series, Vol. 1482, pp. 21\u201345). American Chemical Society. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2024-1482.ch002"]},{text:"Pavithra, N., Simranjeet Singh, Khan, N. A., Inchana, K. M., Avadhani, S. G., Dhanjal, D. S., Ramamurthy, P. C., & Singh, J. (2024). Phytoremediation of pharmaceutical compounds in soil. In P. Kumar, A. L. Srivastav, V. Chaudhary, E. D. van Hullebusch, & R. Busquets (Eds.), Bioremediation of emerging contaminants from soils (pp. 359-386). Elsevier. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-13993-2.00017-7"]},{text:"Simranjeet Singh, Angurana, R., Kaur, H., Katoch, V., Dhanjal, D. S., Aguilar-Marcelino, L., Ramamurthy, P. C., & Singh, J. (2024). Nanoencapsulation of fertilizers: Delivery and applications. In K. A. Abd-Elsalam (Ed.), Nanobiotechnology for plant protection: Nanofertilizer delivery, effects and application methods (pp. 97-110). Elsevier. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-13332-9.00011-3"]}]},{year:"2023",publications:[{text:"Singh, S. et al. (2023). Effect of Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge. In: Shah, M.P. (eds) Microbial Technologies in Industrial Wastewater Treatment. Springer, Singapore. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2435-6_1"]},{text:"Singh, S., Kapoor, D., Bhardwaj, S., Sharma, D., Pujari, M., Ramamurthy, P. C., & Singh, J. (2023). Microbial valorization of agri-waste for single cell protein: Current status. In Microbial bioprocessing of agri-food wastes (1st ed., pp. 16). CRC Press. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003128977-4"]},{text:"Anil, A. G., Singh, S., Joji, J., Singh, J., & Ramamurthy, P. C. (2023). Conducting polymer based sensor. In A. S. M. A. Haseeb (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Materials: Electronics (pp. 28\u201335). Academic Press. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819728-8.00125-X"]},{text:"Shehata, N., Simranjeet Singh, Ramamurthy, P. C., Dhanjal, D. S., Kaul, N., Romero, R., & Singh, J. (2023). Removal of pesticides from wastewater by Fenton systems: Enhanced degradation by chelating agents and solar irradiation. In J. Singh, A. Pandey, Simranjeet Singh, V. K. Garg, & P. Ramamurthy (Eds.), Current developments in biotechnology and bioengineering (pp. 459-486). Elsevier. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-91900-5.00006-0"]},{text:"Kaur, I., Simranjeet Singh, Kaur, H., Kapoor, D., Dhanjal, D. S., Aguilar-Marcelino, L., Dhaka, V., Sagar, V., Ramamurthy, P. C., & Singh, J. (2023). Dietary intake of pesticide residues through vegetables. In J. Singh, A. Pandey, Simranjeet Singh, V. K. Garg, & P. Ramamurthy (Eds.), Current developments in biotechnology and bioengineering (pp. 119-138). Elsevier. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-91900-5.00004-7"]},{text:"Simranjeet Singh, Garg, V. K., Ramamurthy, P. C., Singh, J., & Pandey, A. (2023). Impact and prospects of pesticides on human and environmental health. In J. Singh, A. Pandey, Simranjeet Singh, V. K. Garg, & P. Ramamurthy (Eds.), Current developments in biotechnology and bioengineering (pp. 1-32). Elsevier. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-91900-5.00008-4"]},{text:"Angurana, R., Shehata, N., Katoch, V., Kaur, H., Raina, T. K., Simranjeet Singh, Ramamurthy, P. C., Dhanjal, D. S., & Singh, J. (2023). Depleted mineralization of pesticides on soil microbial diversity. In J. Singh, A. Pandey, Simranjeet Singh, V. K. Garg, & P. Ramamurthy (Eds.), Current developments in biotechnology and bioengineering (pp. 251-276). Elsevier. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-91900-5.00017-5"]},{text:"Singh, S., Thakur, M., Dhanjal, D.S., Angurana, R., Kapoor, D., Katoch, V., Verma, T., Singh, J. and Ramamurthy, P.C. (2023). Biosensors as a Principal Tool for Bioremediation Monitoring. In Genomics Approach to Bioremediation (eds V. Kumar, M. Bilal, L.F.R. Ferreira and H.M.N. Iqbal). ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119852131.ch20"]},{text:"Datta, S., Simranjeet Singh, Ramamurthy, P. C., Angurana, R., Dhanjal, D. S., Katoch, V., Kumar, A., Kapoor, D., Singh, J., & Singh, J. (2023). Treatment approaches for bio-contaminants in organic wastes. In K. Huang, S. A. Bhat, & G. Cui (Eds.), Fate of biological contaminants during recycling of organic wastes (pp. 123-141). Elsevier. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95998-8.00010-8"]},{text:"Singh, S., Kumar, V., Datta, S., Singh, S., Dhanjal, D. S., Kaul, N., Ramamurthy, P. C., & Singh, J. (2023). Marine algae as green agriculture. In Green chemistry in agriculture and food production (1st ed., pp. 12). CRC Press. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429289538-6"]},{text:"Datta, S., Singh, S., Ramamurthy, P., Kapoor, D., Dhaka, V., Bhatia, D., Bhardwaj, S., Sharma, P., & Singh, J. (2023). Vermiremediation of agrochemicals, PAHs, and crude oil polluted land. In Bio-inspired land remediation: Environmental contamination remediation and management (pp. 287-315). Springer. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04931-6_12"]}]},{year:"2022",publications:[{text:"Farooq, S., Singh, S., Kumar, V., Dhanjal, D. S., Ramamurthy, P. C., & Singh, J. (2022). Arsenic-induced responses in plants. In P. K. Srivastava, R. Singh, P. Parihar, & S. M. Prasad (Eds.), Arsenic in plants: Uptake, consequences and remediation techniques (pp. 99-111). John Wiley & Sons Ltd. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119791461.ch5"]},{text:"Kumar, S., Rani, V., Singh, S., Kapoor, D., Dhanjal, D. S., Thakur, A., Pujari, M., Ramamurthy, P. C., & Singh, J. (2022). Arsenic-induced responses in plants. In P. K. Srivastava, R. Singh, P. Parihar, & S. M. Prasad (Eds.), Arsenic in plants: Uptake, consequences and remediation techniques (pp. 112-128). John Wiley & Sons Ltd. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119791461.ch6"]},{text:"Singh, S., Kaur, H., Dhanjal, D. S., Ramamurthy, P. C., & Singh, J. (2022). Arsenic removal by membrane technologies and ion exchange methods from wastewater. In P. K. Srivastava, R. Singh, P. Parihar, & S. M. Prasad (Eds.), Arsenic in plants: Uptake, consequences and remediation techniques (pp. 330-344). John Wiley & Sons Ltd. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119791461.ch17"]},{text:"Wani, A. B., Singh, S., Dhanjal, D. S., Wani, A. H., Ramamurthy, P. C., & Singh, J. (2022). Recent aspects and modification in advanced oxidation processes for pesticide management in wastewater. In M. H. Dehghani, R. R. Karri, & I. Anastopoulos (Eds.), Pesticides remediation technologies from water and wastewater (pp. 127-140). Elsevier. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90893-1.00006-4"]},{text:"Ramalingam, S., et al. (2022). Plant secondary metabolites: A biosensing approach. In S. K. Nayak, B. Baliyarsingh, I. Mannazzu, A. Singh, & B. B. Mishra (Eds.), Advances in agricultural and industrial microbiology (pp. 249-268). Springer, Singapore. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8918-5_14"]},{text:"Kaur, P., et al. (2022). Valorization of agri-food industry waste for the production of microbial pigments: An eco-friendly approach. In S. K. Nayak, B. Baliyarsingh, I. Mannazzu, A. Singh, & B. B. Mishra (Eds.), Advances in agricultural and industrial microbiology (pp. 137-167). Springer, Singapore. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8918-5_8"]},{text:"Singh, S., Kapoor, D., Dhaka, V., Bhardwaj, S., Ramamurthy, P. C., & Singh, J. (2022). Integrated technologies for wastewater treatment. In V. Kumar & M. Kumar (Eds.), Integrated environmental technologies for wastewater treatment and sustainable development (pp. 433-457). Elsevier. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-91180-1.00017-X"]},{text:"Bhowmik, R. D., & Roy, T. (2022). Challenges and solution pathways in water use through the lens of COVID-19. In R. Shaw & A. Gurtoo (Eds.), Global pandemic and human security (pp. 211-222). Springer, Singapore. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5074-1_11"]},{text:"Koul, B., Singh, S., Parray, S. Y., Dhanjal, D. S., Ramamurthy, P. C., & Singh, J. (2022). Biochemical and molecular aspects of heavy metal stress tolerance in plants. In V. Kumar, M. P. Shah, & S. K. Shahi (Eds.), Phytoremediation technology for the removal of heavy metals and other contaminants from soil and water (pp. 205-219). Elsevier. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-85763-5.00003-9"]},{text:"Singh, S., Kumar, V., Dhanjal, D. S., Parihar, P., Ramamurthy, P. C., & Singh, J. (2022). Phytoremediation of heavy metals, metalloids, and radionuclides: Prospects and challenges. In V. Kumar, M. P. Shah, & S. K. Shahi (Eds.), Phytoremediation technology for the removal of heavy metals and other contaminants from soil and water (pp. 253-276). Elsevier.",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-85763-5.00024-6"]},{text:"Sharma, S., Singh, S., Dhanjal, D. S., Kumar, A., Jan, S., Ramamurthy, P. C., & Singh, J. (2022). Role of rhizobacteria from plant growth promoter to bioremediator. In V. Kumar, M. P. Shah, & S. K. Shahi (Eds.), Phytoremediation technology for the removal of heavy metals and other contaminants from soil and water (pp. 309-328). Elsevier. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-85763-5.00019-2"]},{text:"Jain, S., Sharma, A., & Mujumdar, P. P. (2022). Evolution of water management practices in India. In A. Mukherjee (Ed.), Riverine systems (pp. 325-349). Springer, Cham. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87067-6_18"]},{text:"Singh, S., Kumar, V., Kapoor, D., Bhardwaj, S., Dhanjal, D. S., Pawar, A., Ramamurthy, P. C., & Singh, J. (2022). Fate and occurrence of micro- and nano-plastic pollution in industrial wastewater. In I. Haq, A. S. Kalamdhad, & M. P. Shah (Eds.), Biodegradation and detoxification of micropollutants in industrial wastewater (pp. 27-38). Elsevier. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-88507-2.00008-7"]},{text:"Singh, S., et al. (2021). Phycoremediation of wastewater. In R. P. Rastogi (Ed.), Ecophysiology and biochemistry of cyanobacteria (pp. 269-289). Springer, Singapore. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4873-1_13"]},{text:"Singh, S., Dhanjal, D. S., Kapoor, D., Ramamurthy, P. C., & Singh, J. (2022). Role of microbes in methane emission from constructed wetlands. In A. Kumar, J. Singh, & L. F. R. Ferreira (Eds.), Microbiome under changing climate (pp. 489-506). Woodhead Publishing. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90571-8.00022-5"]},{text:"Singh, S., Ramamurthy, P. C., Kumar, V., Kapoor, D., Dhaka, V., & Singh, J. (2022). Microbes and agri-food waste as novel sources of biosorbents. In C. M. Hussain & R. K. Kadeppagari (Eds.), Biotechnology for zero waste: Emerging waste management techniques. Wiley & Sons. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527832064.ch12"]},{text:"Singh, S., Kumar, V., Kapoor, D., Dhanjal, D. S., Wani, A. B., Bhardwaj, S., Ramamurthy, P. C., & Singh, J. (2022). Competence of nanoparticles for removal of pesticides from wastewater: An overview. In M. H. Dehghani, R. R. Karri, & I. Anastopoulos (Eds.), Pesticides remediation technologies from water and wastewater (pp. 253-266). Elsevier. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90893-1.00012-X"]}]},{year:"2021",publications:[{text:"Singh, S., Kumar, V., Datta, S., Ramamurthy, P. C., & Singh, J. (2021). Molecular mechanism and signaling pathways interplay between plant hormones during plant-microbe crosstalk. In A. Kumar & S. Droby (Eds.), Microbial management of plant stresses (pp. 93-105). Woodhead Publishing. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-85193-0.00004-8"]}]}],Lr=[{year:"2023",publications:[{text:"Singh, J., Pandey, A., Singh, S., Garg, V. K., & Ramamurthy, P. (Eds.). (2023). Pesticides: Human health, environmental impacts and management. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-323-91900-5. ",links:["https://doi.org/10.1016/C2021-0-00300-X"]}]},{year:"2019",publications:[{text:"Mujumdar, P., & Tiwari, V. (Eds.). (2019). Water futures of India: Status of science and technology. INSA and IIScPress, ISBN 978-81-939482-0-0",links:[""]}]}],kn=["scrollToTopButton"];function nn(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"li")(1,"p",14),i._uU(2),i.TgZ(3,"a",15),i._uU(4),i.qZA()()()),2&g){const h=_.$implicit;i.xp6(2),i.hij("",h.text," "),i.xp6(1),i.s9C("href",h.links[0],i.LSH),i.xp6(1),i.Oqu(h.links)}}function xi(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",12)(1,"h4")(2,"b"),i._uU(3),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(4,"ul"),i.YNc(5,nn,5,3,"li",13),i.qZA()()),2&g){const h=_.$implicit;i.xp6(3),i.AsE("",h.year," (",h.publications.length,")"),i.xp6(2),i.Q6J("ngForOf",h.publications)}}function jt(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",7)(1,"div",8)(2,"div",9)(3,"h2",10),i._uU(4),i.qZA()(),i.YNc(5,xi,6,3,"div",11),i.qZA()()),2&g){const h=_.$implicit;i.Udp("display","journal"===h.id?"block":"none"),i.Q6J("id",h.id),i.xp6(4),i.Oqu("journal"===h.id?"Journal Publications":"conference"===h.id?"Conference Proceedings":"bookChapter"===h.id?"Book Chapter":"Books Published"),i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("ngForOf",h.data)}}let vi=(()=>{class g{constructor(){this.activeTab="journal",this.tabs=[{id:"journal",data:Le},{id:"conference",data:ve},{id:"bookChapter",data:lt},{id:"book",data:Lr}]}ngOnInit(){this.showTab("journal"),window.addEventListener("scroll",this.scrollFunction.bind(this))}showTab(h){this.tabs.forEach(H=>{const ie=document.getElementById(H.id);ie&&(ie.style.display="none")});const A=this.tabs.find(H=>H.id===h);if(A){const H=document.getElementById(A.id);H&&(H.style.display="block"),this.activeTab=h}}scrollFunction(){this.scrollToTopButton&&(this.scrollToTopButton.nativeElement.style.display=window.scrollY>300?"block":"none")}scrollToTop(){window.scrollTo({top:0,behavior:"smooth"})}}return g.\u0275fac=function(h){return new(h||g)},g.\u0275cmp=i.Xpm({type:g,selectors:[["app-publications"]],viewQuery:function(h,A){if(1&h&&i.Gf(kn,5),2&h){let H;i.iGM(H=i.CRH())&&(A.scrollToTopButton=H.first)}},decls:20,vars:9,consts:[[1,"container-fluid","mt-3","px-5"],[1,"row"],[1,"col-md-6"],[1,"d-flex","flex-wrap","justify-content-end"],[1,"btn","me-2",3,"click"],["class","content",3,"id","display",4,"ngFor","ngForOf"],[1,"scroll-to-top","d-none","d-md-block",3,"click"],[1,"content",3,"id"],[1,"container-fluid","px-5","mb-5"],[1,"row","justify-content-center"],[2,"text-align","center","margin-bottom","2pc","text-decoration","underline"],["class","col-md-11 mx-auto",4,"ngFor","ngForOf"],[1,"col-md-11","mx-auto"],[4,"ngFor","ngForOf"],[1,"publication-item",2,"text-align","justify"],["target","_blank",3,"href"]],template:function(h,A){1&h&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",0)(1,"div",1)(2,"div",2)(3,"h2")(4,"b"),i._uU(5,"Publications"),i.qZA()()(),i.TgZ(6,"div",2)(7,"div",3)(8,"button",4),i.NdJ("click",function(){return A.showTab("journal")}),i._uU(9,"Journal"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(10,"button",4),i.NdJ("click",function(){return A.showTab("conference")}),i._uU(11,"Conference"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(12,"button",4),i.NdJ("click",function(){return A.showTab("bookChapter")}),i._uU(13,"Book Chapter"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(14,"button",4),i.NdJ("click",function(){return A.showTab("book")}),i._uU(15,"Book"),i.qZA()()()()(),i._UZ(16,"hr"),i.YNc(17,jt,6,5,"div",5),i.TgZ(18,"button",6),i.NdJ("click",function(){return A.scrollToTop()}),i._uU(19,"\u2191"),i.qZA()),2&h&&(i.xp6(8),i.ekj("selected","journal"===A.activeTab),i.xp6(2),i.ekj("selected","conference"===A.activeTab),i.xp6(2),i.ekj("selected","bookChapter"===A.activeTab),i.xp6(2),i.ekj("selected","book"===A.activeTab),i.xp6(3),i.Q6J("ngForOf",A.tabs))},dependencies:[ue.sg],styles:[".btn[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{color:#080000;border-radius:5px;margin:3px;transition:background-color .3s ease;word-wrap:break-word;border-color:#080000}.btn[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:hover{background-color:#f7e8d6;transform:scale(1.05)}.selected[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{background-color:#721816;color:#fff;font-weight:bolder;pointer-events:none}.tab[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{float:right;margin-right:20px}.publication-item[_ngcontent-%COMP%] a[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{text-decoration:none;color:#145192;word-wrap:break-word}.scroll-to-top[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{position:fixed;bottom:20px;right:20px;z-index:1000;display:none;background-color:#0056b3;color:#fff;border:none;border-radius:50%;width:40px;height:40px;font-size:20px;cursor:pointer;outline:none;transition:background-color .3s ease}.scroll-to-top[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:hover{background-color:#004080}"]}),g})();const Kt={2026:{title:"Indo-French Monsoon School on Remote-Sensing for Critical Zone Science, 15-17 October 2026",details:'\n

\n The Indo-French Cell for Water Science is celebrating its\n 25th anniversary this year. Understanding and monitoring\n the mechanisms leading to the large spatio-temporal variability of the\n water cycle and its impact on the carbon pools and fluxes has always been\n at the core of the research deployed by the IFCWS, and this research has\n benefited from the ever-increasing source of distributed data through\n Remote Sensing.\n

\n\n

\n Recently launched Earth Observation satellite missions, such as\n SWOT or NISAR, as well as missions\n scheduled for launch in the next few years, like TRISHNA,\n offer unprecedented opportunities to monitor key variables of the critical\n zone science such as: Vegetation cover, Soil type, Soil moisture, Streamflow, Evapotranspiration. These missions provide a high revisit capacity and freely available data, opening up new possibilities for monitoring and understanding critical zone processes.\n

\n\n

\n In order to provide scientists and members of the New Space a vision and\n training on pathways to imagine future downstream services to a wide range\n of users, we have built together a\n Monsoon School in Remote-Sensing for Critical Zone Science\n with a two-part programme.\n

\n\n

\n The programme consists of:\n

\n\n
    \n
  1. \n A one-day workshop which gathers specialists involved\n in the design of the satellite missions. The workshop will present an\n overview of the state of the art of the current knowledge of the\n missions, their outline, benefits and expected precision.\n
    2. \n\n
  2. \n A two-day training session focusing on mastering the\n retrieval methods of the relevant variables of Critical Zone Science\n mentioned above, as well as the assimilation of current and future\n remote sensing products and variables into a distributed modelling\n platform that runs from plot scale to region.\n
    3. \n
\n\n

\n There is no registration fee.\n

\n\n

\n Outstation participants may be considered for\n limited accommodation on campus, on request.\n

\n\n

\n To apply, send detailed bio-data including\n date of birth, academic background and work experience\n via e-mail to\n indo.french.monsoon.school@gmail.com.\n

\n\n

\n Please indicate in the e-mail:\n

\n\n
    \n
  1. \n The title of the Hands On you are interested in\n (please check the feasibility due to parallel sessions).\n
    2. \n
  2. \n How the training fits and/or will be useful in your\n curriculum, academic project or research project.\n
    3. \n
\n\n

\n Attendees are expected to bring their own laptop.\n

\n

\n \n \n View Program PDF\n \n

\n ',imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Monsoon School/ProgramSchedule2026.webp"]},2023:{title:"Monsoon School on Urban Floods \u2013 2023",details:"Interdisciplinary Center for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru organised a one-week workshop titled \u201cMonsoon School on Urban Floods\u201d during 07 \u2013 12 August, 2023. The Monsoon School was funded by the research project titled, \u201cNational Supercomputing Mission\u201d, sponsored by Department of Science & Technology (DST), Government of India. The Monsoon School comprised of lectures and tutorials by experts, covering topics of urban meteorology, urban hydrology, radar and remote sensing analysis of rain events, monsoon and extreme precipitation dynamics, urban groundwater, engineering practices and post-flood responses. Group discussions were arranged to bring out the relevance of the state-of-the-art tools and methodologies for managing urban floods in Indian cities in a rapid assessment scenario. The Monsoon School target participants included practicing engineers and young researchers working with government or private bodies and educational institutes. Venue for the Lectures and Tutorials: Lecture Hall, Interdisciplinary Center for Water Research (ICWaR) Overview of the event: The event consisted of 39 participants from India and neighbouring countries like Sri Lanka, Nepal and Bhutan. Prof. Dev Niyogi from University of Texas, Austin and Dr. Bhanu Neupane from UNESCO, Paris joined the workshop as resource persons. Indian speakers, Prof. Arindam Chakraborty, Dr. Akshara Kaginalkar, Prof. D. Nagesh Kumar, Prof. M. Sekhar, Prof. P. P. Mujumdar, Prof. V. V. Srinivas, Dr. Rajarshi Das Bhowmik, Dr. Shubha Avinash and Dr. Sanskriti Mujumdar delivered lectures on different topics related to urban floods. The participants of the workshop came from different backgrounds. Young faculty members, research scholars from different educational institutes not limited to various NITs and IITs ; Scientists/ Researchers/Project associates from Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (CDAC) , Bihar Mausham Seva Kendra (BMSK), Bihar State Disaster Management Authority (BSDMA), Govt. of Nepal, Govt. of Srilanka and practitioners from NGO\u2019s and private organizations joined the Monsoon School. The participants were further divided to 7 versatile groups that helped to develop a very dynamic learning process to address issues related to floods for 7 different cities in India with history of recent floods through the workshop. Each day of the Monsoon School was divided into two sessions. In the morning sessions, lectures were conducted and in the afternoon sessions: tutorials, short assignments on the topics covered were given, group discussions were arranged etc. A visit to Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring Centre (KSNDMC) was organized on 10th August, 2023 in the afternoon session of the workshop. All the participants visited KSNDMC where the officials described the functioning of disaster and specifically the flood early warning systems, telemetric rain gauges and other weather monitoring instruments to the participants.",imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Monsoon School/Speakers2023.webp","../../assets/images/Monsoon School/Monsoon-School_Group_photo-2023.webp","../../assets/images/Monsoon School/KSNDMC-2023.webp"]},2019:{title:"Monsoon School on Urban Floods \u2013 2019",details:"Interdisciplinary Center for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru in collaboration with Knowledge Societies Division UNESCO, Paris, organised a one-week Monsoon School on Urban Floods during 05 \u2013 10 August, 2019. The School was supported by UNESCO and partially funded by the research project entitled, \u201cUrban Flood Model for Bengaluru\u201c, sponsored by Department of Science & Technology (DST), Government of India. The School comprised of lectures and tutorials by experts, covering topics of urban meteorology, urban hydrology, radar and remote sensing analysis of rain events, monsoon and extreme precipitation dynamics, urban groundwater, engineering practices and post-flood responses. Group discussions were arranged to bring out the relevance of the state-of-the-art tools and methodologies for managing urban floods in Indian cities. The School targeted the practicing engineers and young researchers working with government or private bodies and educational institutes. Venue for the Lectures and Tutorials: Lecture Hall, Interdisciplinary Center for Water Research (ICWaR) Overview of the event: The event consisted of 39 participants from India and neighboring country Nepal. Prof. Dev Niyogi from Purdue University and Dr. Bhanu Neupane from UNESCO, Paris joined the workshop as resource persons. Indian speakers, Prof. D Nagesh Kumar, Prof. M Sekhar, Prof. MS Mohan Kumar, Prof. P P Mujumdar, Prof. V V Srinivas, Dr. J Indu and Dr. Subimal Ghosh delivered lectures on different topics related to urban floods. The participants of the workshop came from different backgrounds. Young faculty members, research scholars and graduate students from different educational institutes; Scientists researchers from Symbiosis Institute of Geo-informatics, various NITs and IITs, WRIDD and WRRDC, Government of Nepal, and practitioners from private organizations and freelancers joined the workshop. This versatile group of participants helped to develop a very dynamic learning process through the workshop. Each day of the workshop was divided into two sessions. In the morning sessions, lectures were conducted and in the afternoon sessions, tutorials, short assignments on the topics covered were given, group discussions were arranged etc. A visit to KSNDMC was organized on 9th August, 2019 in the afternoon session of the workshop. All the participants visited KSNDMC office where the officials described the functioning of flood early warning systems, telemetric rain gauges and other weather monitoring instruments to the participants.",imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Monsoon School/Speakers2019.webp","../../assets/images/Monsoon School/Monsoon-School_2019_Group_photo.webp","../../assets/images/Monsoon School/KSNDMC-2019.webp"]},2018:{title:"Monsoon School on Urban Floods \u2013 2018",details:"The Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru had organized a one-week Monsoon School on \u201cUrban Floods\u201d during 2-7 July, 2018, as one of the outreach activities in the research project entitled, Urban Flood Management in India: Technology Driven Solutions, sponsored by ITRA (Information Technology Research Academy), Ministry of Information and Technology, Government of India and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The School comprised of lectures and tutorials by experts, covering topics of urban meteorology, urban hydrology, radar and remote sensing analysis of rain events, monsoon and extreme precipitation dynamics, urban groundwater, engineering practices and post-flood responses. Group discussions were arranged to bring out the relevance of the state-of-the-art tools and methodologies for managing urban floods in Indian cities. The School targeted the practicing engineers and young researchers working with government or private bodies and educational institutes. Venue for the Lectures: GJ Hall, Dept of Civil Engg. Venue for Tutorials: Conference Room, Dept of Civil Engg. Overview of the event: The event consisted of 37 participants from India and neighbouring countries (Bhutan, Nepal and Sri Lanka). Prof. Dev Niyogi from Purdue University and Dr. Bhanu Neupane from UNESCO, Paris joined the workshop as resource persons. Indian speakers, Prof. D Nagesh Kumar, Prof. M Sekhar, Prof. MS Mohan Kumar, Prof. P P Mujumdar, Prof. V V Srinivas, Dr. J Indu, Dr. Subimal Ghosh and Dr. Chandra Rupa R delivered lectures on different topics relating to urban floods. The participants of the workshop came from different backgrounds. Young faculty members, research scholars and graduate students from different educational institutes; Scientists from KSNDMC, CSTEP and CSSRI \u2013 RRS, Lucknow; Officials from Bhutan, Nepal and Sri Lanka and practitioners from private organizations joined the workshop. This versatile group of participants helped to develop a very dynamic learning process through the workshop. Each day of the workshop was divided into two sessions. In the morning sessions, lectures were conducted and in the afternoon sessions, tutorials, short assignments on the topics covered were given, group discussions were arranged etc. A visit to KSNDMC was organized on 6th July, 2018 in the afternoon session of the workshop. All the participants visited KSNDMC office where the officials described the functioning of flood early warning systems, telemetric rain gauges and other weather monitoring instruments to the participants.",imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Monsoon School/Speakers2018.webp","../../assets/images/Monsoon School/Monsoon-School_2018_Group_photo.webp","../../assets/images/Monsoon School/KSNDMC-2018.webp"]},2017:{title:"Monsoon School on Urban Floods \u2013 2017",details:"The Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru had organized a one-week Monsoon School on \u201cUrban Floods\u201d during July 3 \u2013 8, 2017, as one of the outreach activities in the research project entitled, Urban Flood Management in India: Technology Driven Solutions, sponsored by ITRA (Information Technology Research Academy), Ministry of Information and Technology, Government of India. The School comprised of lectures and tutorials by experts, covering topics of urban meteorology, urban hydrology, radar and remote sensing analysis of rain events, big data analysis for urban processes, engineering practices and post-flood responses. Group discussions were arranged to bring out the relevance of the state-of-the-art tools and methodologies for managing urban floods in Indian cities. The School targeted the practicing engineers and young researchers working with government or private bodies and educational institutes. Venue for the Lectures: GJ Hall, Dept of Civil EnggVenue for Tutorials: Conference Room/Computer Room, Dept of Civil EngOverview of the event: The event consisted of 39 participants across India and neighbouring countries (Bhutan and Nepal) joined the workshop. Prof. Dev Niyogi from Purdue University and Dr. Bhanu Neupane from UNESCO, Paris joined the workshop as resource persons. Indian speakers, Prof. D Nagesh Kumar, Prof. M Sekhar, Prof. MS Mohan Kumar, Prof. P. P. Mujumdar, Prof. V V Srinivas, Prof. Arpita Mondal, Prof. J Indu delivered lectures on different topics relating to urban floods. The participants of the workshop came from different backgrounds. Young faculty members from different educational institutions; Scientists from CDAC; Officials from Nepal and Bhutan; Research Scholars and graduate students from different education institutes including IIT Hyderabad, IISc Bengaluru joined the workshop. This versatile group of participants helped to develop a very dynamic learning process through the workshop.Each day of the workshop was divided into two sessions. In the morning sessions, lectures were conducted and in the afternoon sessions, tutorials, short assignments on the topics covered were given, group discussions were arranged etc. A visit to KSNDMC was organized on 7th July, 2017 in the afternoon session of the workshop. All the participants visited KSNDMC office where the officials described the functioning of flood early warning systems, telemetric rain gauges and other weather monitoring instruments to the participants.",imgsArray:["../../assets/images/Monsoon School/Speakers2017.webp","../../assets/images/Monsoon School/Monsoon-School_2017_Group_photo.webp","../../assets/images/Monsoon School/KSNDMC-2017.webp"]}},on=["scrollToTopButton"];function kt(g,_){if(1&g){const h=i.EpF();i.TgZ(0,"button",7),i.NdJ("click",function(){const ie=i.CHM(h).$implicit,Me=i.oxw();return i.KtG(Me.selectYear(ie))}),i._uU(1),i.qZA()}if(2&g){const h=_.$implicit,A=i.oxw();i.ekj("selected",A.selectedYear===h),i.xp6(1),i.hij(" ",h," ")}}function bi(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",15),i._UZ(1,"img",16),i.qZA()),2&g){const h=i.oxw(2);i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("src",h.eventData.imgsArray[0],i.LSH)}}function Ii(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",19),i._UZ(1,"img",16),i.qZA()),2&g){const h=i.oxw(3);i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("src",h.eventData.imgsArray[1],i.LSH)}}function wr(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",19),i._UZ(1,"img",16),i.qZA()),2&g){const h=i.oxw(3);i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("src",h.eventData.imgsArray[2],i.LSH)}}function Xi(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",17)(1,"div",1),i.YNc(2,Ii,2,1,"div",18),i.YNc(3,wr,2,1,"div",18),i.qZA()()),2&g){const h=i.oxw(2);i.xp6(2),i.Q6J("ngIf",null==h.eventData.imgsArray?null:h.eventData.imgsArray[1]),i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("ngIf",null==h.eventData.imgsArray?null:h.eventData.imgsArray[2])}}function ki(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",8)(1,"div",9)(2,"div",10)(3,"h2",11),i._uU(4),i.qZA(),i._UZ(5,"div",12),i.TgZ(6,"div",1),i.YNc(7,bi,2,1,"div",13),i.YNc(8,Xi,4,2,"div",14),i.qZA()()()()),2&g){const h=i.oxw();i.xp6(4),i.hij(" ",h.eventData.title," "),i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("innerHTML",h.eventData.details,i.oJD),i.xp6(2),i.Q6J("ngIf",null==h.eventData.imgsArray?null:h.eventData.imgsArray[0]),i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("ngIf",(null==h.eventData.imgsArray?null:h.eventData.imgsArray[1])||(null==h.eventData.imgsArray?null:h.eventData.imgsArray[2]))}}let _i=(()=>{class g{constructor(){this.years=[],this.selectedYear=""}ngOnInit(){this.years=Object.keys(Kt).sort((h,A)=>parseInt(A)-parseInt(h)),this.selectedYear=this.years[0],this.selectYear(this.selectedYear),window.addEventListener("scroll",()=>this.scrollFunction())}selectYear(h){this.selectedYear=h,this.eventData=Kt[h]}scrollFunction(){this.scrollToTopButton&&(this.scrollToTopButton.nativeElement.style.display=window.scrollY>300?"block":"none")}scrollToTop(){window.scrollTo({top:0,behavior:"smooth"})}}return g.\u0275fac=function(h){return new(h||g)},g.\u0275cmp=i.Xpm({type:g,selectors:[["app-activities-and-events"]],viewQuery:function(h,A){if(1&h&&i.Gf(on,5),2&h){let H;i.iGM(H=i.CRH())&&(A.scrollToTopButton=H.first)}},decls:13,vars:2,consts:[[1,"container-fluid","mt-3","px-5"],[1,"row"],[1,"col-md-6"],[1,"d-flex","justify-content-end"],["class","btn",3,"selected","click",4,"ngFor","ngForOf"],["class","container-fluid px-5",4,"ngIf"],[1,"scroll-to-top","d-none","d-md-block",3,"click"],[1,"btn",3,"click"],[1,"container-fluid","px-5"],[1,"row","justify-content-center"],[1,"col-md-11"],[1,"text-center","m-3",2,"text-decoration","underline"],[1,"text","my-5",2,"text-align","justify",3,"innerHTML"],["class","col-md-6 col-12 mb-2",4,"ngIf"],["class","col-md-6 col-12",4,"ngIf"],[1,"col-md-6","col-12","mb-2"],["alt","",1,"w-100","h-100",3,"src"],[1,"col-md-6","col-12"],["class","col-12 mb-2",4,"ngIf"],[1,"col-12","mb-2"]],template:function(h,A){1&h&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",0)(1,"div",1)(2,"div",2)(3,"h2")(4,"b"),i._uU(5,"Monsoon Schools"),i.qZA()()(),i.TgZ(6,"div",2)(7,"div",3),i.YNc(8,kt,2,3,"button",4),i.qZA()()()(),i._UZ(9,"hr"),i.YNc(10,ki,9,4,"div",5),i.TgZ(11,"button",6),i.NdJ("click",function(){return A.scrollToTop()}),i._uU(12," \u2191\n"),i.qZA()),2&h&&(i.xp6(8),i.Q6J("ngForOf",A.years),i.xp6(2),i.Q6J("ngIf",A.eventData))},dependencies:[ue.sg,ue.O5],styles:[".btn[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{color:#080000;border-radius:5px;margin:3px;transition:background-color .3s ease;word-wrap:break-word;border-color:#080000}.btn[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:hover{background-color:#f7e8d6;transform:scale(1.05)}.selected[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{background-color:#721816;color:#fff;font-weight:bolder;pointer-events:none}.scroll-to-top[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{position:fixed;bottom:20px;right:20px;z-index:1000;display:none;background-color:#0056b3;color:#fff;border:none;border-radius:50%;width:40px;height:40px;font-size:20px;cursor:pointer;outline:none;transition:background-color .3s ease}.scroll-to-top[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:hover{background-color:#004080}.w-100[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:5px}"]}),g})();const Ti={chairmanMsg:"

We are delighted to welcome you to the official webpage of the Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR) at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc). IISc has a long-standing legacy of excellence in water science and technology, significantly contributing to fundamental research and practical applications in this critical field.

ICWaR was established with a mission to address complex water-related challenges that carry profound scientific and societal implications. The Centre is dedicated to advancing cutting-edge research and developing innovative tools and methodologies to tackle pressing water issues, including climate change impacts, water demand management, water quality enhancement, extreme hydrological events (floods and droughts), and salinity intrusion in coastal aquifers. We aim to bridge the gap between scientific advancements and real-world solutions, ensuring sustainable water management practices for the future.

Despite being a relatively young centre, ICWaR has rapidly emerged as a hub of impactful research, making significant contributions at both regional and global levels. Currently, the Centre offers a Ph.D. program and actively mentors postdoctoral researchers and research staff, fostering an environment of academic excellence and interdisciplinary collaboration.

One of the Centre\u2019s flagship initiatives is the ICWaR Seminar Series, which serves as a platform for knowledge exchange by hosting eminent scientists, researchers, and policymakers worldwide. These monthly seminars provide valuable insights into contemporary water-related challenges and emerging solutions.

We invite you to explore our research, academic programs, and collaborative opportunities as we continue our commitment to advancing water science and addressing global water security challenges.

Welcome to ICWaR, where research meets real-world impact.

",slides:["../../assets/images/Slide/slideshow1.webp","../../assets/images/Slide/slideshow2.webp","../../assets/images/Slide/slideshow5.webp"],seminars:[{}]},ri=[{title:"Indo-French Monsoon School on Remote-Sensing for Critical Zone Science. 15-17 October 2026. Apply Now!",date:"24/08/2026",imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Monsoon School/ProgramSchedule2026.webp",redirectTo:"/events/monsoon-school"},{title:"ILR dreams of a Pyrrhic victory",date:"12/06/2026",imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/News/ILR-dreams.avif",redirectTo:"https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/ilr-dreams-of-a-pyrrhic-victory-4036086"},{title:"Can Digital Twins Prevent Floods in India\u2019s Megacities?",date:"10/06/2026",imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/News/Digital-Twins-cover.webp",redirectTo:"https://www.climateaction.live/can-digital-twins-prevent-floods-in-indias-megacities/"},{title:"Applications open for Post Doctoral Fellowship at IISc",date:"12/07/2025",imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/new-Copy.gif",redirectTo:"../../../assets/images/News/IISc_PostDoctoralFellowship_Flyer.webp"},{title:"How Bengaluru can get rain-ready?",date:"14/06/2025",imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/News/HOW-BENGALURU-CAN-GET-RAIN-READY.webp",redirectTo:"../../../assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/HOW-BENGALURU-CAN-GET-RAIN-READY.pdf"},{title:"IISc-developed zero bacteria technology to be used in apartments to improve water quality in Sewage Treatment Plants",date:"25/02/2025",imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/News/bwssb.webp",redirectTo:"https://www.deccanherald.com//india/karnataka/bengaluru/iisc-developed-zero-bacteria-technology-to-be-used-in-apartments-to-improve-water-quality-in-sewage-treatment-plants-3421662"},{title:"IISc flood model heads to Bengaluru's rescue",date:"20/05/2024",imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/News/IISc_flood_model_heads.webp",redirectTo:"https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/iisc-flood-model-heads-to-b-luru-s-rescue-3031418"}],En={ICWaR_Guest_Seminar_Series:[{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Dinesh_Shetty.webp",Title:"Tunable Frameworks: Fit-to-purpose Materials for Water Remediation and Sustainability",speakerName:"Dr. Dinesh Shetty",SeminarTitle:"Tunable Frameworks: Fit-to-purpose Materials for Water Remediation and Sustainability",DateTime:"20 July 2026 (Monday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Dr. Dinesh Shetty received his Ph.D. in Chemistry from Seoul National University, South Korea. He subsequently undertook postdoctoral research at Emory University (USA), POSTECH (Korea), and New York University Abu Dhabi (UAE). In 2019, he joined Khalifa University, UAE, where he currently serves as an Associate Professor of Chemistry. Dr. Shetty has held visiting positions at the Technical University of Berlin and Texas A&M University (USA). He was recognized as an innovator at the \u201cLand of Dreamers Who Do\u201d showcase at the UAE Pavilion, Dubai Expo 2020. His accolades include the U.S. National Academy of Sciences Arab-American Frontiers Award, the Sharjah Sustainability Award, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) President\u2019s International Fellowship Initiative (PIFI). He has authored 100 peer-reviewed publications (h-index: 36, May 2026), over 45 conference papers, delivered 55+ invited talks, and holds 9 U.S. patents. He serves on the editorial team of Chemical Engineering Journal (Elsevier) and RSC Applied Polymers. His research focuses on multifunctional polymers and advanced frameworks for energy, water purification, desalination, and resource recovery.",Abstract:"A simple method to tune the physicochemical properties of framework materials (COFs) in their macroscopic forms (powder or membrane) is highly desirable and advantageous for technology transfer. Dr. Shetty and his group have recently developed multiple strategies to synthesize either powder or free-standing membranes of COFs. They have introduced a novel pre-synthetically controlled framework growth strategy to fine-tune their properties. They have explored these tunable materials for water purification, desalination, and resource recovery. Notably, the results obtained from these novel materials are significantly superior to those reported previously. Their materials' high efficiency and ease of implementation demonstrate the advantages of their findings and hold great promises for developing framework-based materials for environmental applications. During the talk, he will provide an overview of his group's activities and progress in this exciting field.",link:["https://youtu.be/OyR4q9vE6wE"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Sanket_Jantre.webp",Title:"Bayesian Learning about Antarctic Ice Sheet Dynamics and Sea Level Rise",speakerName:"Dr. Sanket Jantre",SeminarTitle:"Bayesian Learning about Antarctic Ice Sheet Dynamics and Sea Level Rise",DateTime:"17 June 2026 (Wednesday), 5:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Dr. Sanket Jantre\xa0is a Research Staff member in the Applied Mathematics Department of the Computing and Data Sciences Directorate at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). He joined BNL in 2022 as the Amalie Emmy Noether Postdoctoral Fellow and has held a staff position since 2024. He holds a Ph.D. in Statistics from Michigan State University (2022) and dual B.Tech./M.S. degrees in Computer Science and Engineering and Economics from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur (2017). His research sits at the intersection of Bayesian statistics and scientific machine learning, with methodological contributions spanning Gaussian process emulation and surrogate modeling, Markov chain Monte Carlo, variational inference, Bayesian deep learning, and sparsity-based methods for neural networks. Application domains include climate science, quantum materials, molecular design, and life sciences.",Abstract:"Antarctica's Lambert-Amery system represents one of the largest sources of uncertainty in future sea-level projections, yet its near-stability under historical conditions has limited the observations available to constrain ice-sheet models. This talk presents an end-to-end probabilistic framework for quantifying and reducing that uncertainty. Beginning with a 200-member perturbed-parameter ensemble of the MPAS-Albany Land Ice (MALI) model over a six-dimensional parameter space \u2014 spanning basal friction, ice stiffness, calving, and ice-shelf melt \u2014 we build Gaussian process emulators and perform Bayesian calibration against present-day observations of mass balance, grounding line movement, and calving front position. Under a high-emission scenario, calibrated projections reveal negligible sea-level contribution through the 21st century, followed by rapid mass loss as the Amery Ice Shelf collapses around 2130, ultimately yielding a posterior mean contribution of ~79 mm SLE by 2300. The second part of the talk addresses a question decision-makers increasingly demand an answer to: how quickly will uncertainty shrink as new observations accumulate? Using a sequential Bayesian calibration framework driven by 100 synthetic future observation trajectories of cumulative grounded mass change, we quantify future learning rates for both model parameters and sea-level projections through 2300. Results show strongly parameter-dependent learning \u2014 the ice-shelf melt coefficient and basal slip exponent exhibit up to 10- and 8-fold uncertainty reductions, respectively \u2014 and a clear time-horizon dependence: end-of-century projections tighten only modestly (30%), while 2200 and 2300 projections contract roughly 6-fold after ice-shelf loss around 2150 triggers strong dynamical signals. Together, these findings identify where and when sustained observations have the highest value for constraining long-horizon sea-level risk.",link:["https://youtu.be/ff9UfUeJWYc"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Mal_McMillan.webp",Title:"Monitoring Earth\u2019s Ice Sheets from Space",speakerName:"Prof. Mal McMillan",SeminarTitle:"Monitoring Earth\u2019s Ice Sheets from Space",DateTime:"21 April 2026 (Tuesday), 4:30 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Prof. Mal McMillan is Co-Director of Science for the UK Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling (CPOM), and Co-Director of the joint Lancaster University-UKCEH Centre of Excellence in Environmental Data Science (CEEDS). His research interests lie in the development and use of novel satellite measurements to study Earth's polar ice sheets, to better understand their contribution to global sea level rise. He has co-authored over 45 publications, including articles in Science and Nature. He has received research funding from a range of sources, including the European Space Agency, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, and the UK Natural Environment Research Council. He is co-Lead of the UK National Climate Science Partnership Climate Observations Working Group, Land Ice Altimetry Senior Scientist for the Sentinel-3 Quality Working Group, a member of the CryoSat-2 Quality Working Group, and previously served on ESA's Mission Advisory Group for the Copernicus CRISTAL mission.",Abstract:"The melting of Earth\u2019s Polar ice sheets makes a significant contribution to current global sea level rise. As Earth\u2019s climate warms, this contribution is projected to increase further, with the potential for large scale social and economic disruption. Observational understanding of contemporary ice sheet change is largely informed by satellite observations, which provide the principle means to track ice sheet change at the continental scale. Polar-orbiting satellite radar altimeters, in particular, have provided a near-continuous record of ice sheet change, dating back to the launch of the European Space Agency\u2019s ERS-1 mission in 1991. This 35-year record, which is currently maintained by the CryoSat-2 and Sentinel-3 missions, provides two principal benefits (1) Quantification of the ice sheets\u2019 mass imbalance, and (2) Process understanding of the environmental factors driving current change. These are important for constraining both past and future sea level rise. In this talk, Prof. Mal will discuss the progress that they have made in processing these datasets, and the associated insight that it has brought in terms of understanding ice sheet change. He will discuss both work with current missions, and also preparations for future missions such as the EU Copernicus mission CRISTAL \u2013 a new dual-band altimeter due to launch in the second half of 2027. He will conclude by considering recent work to expand our ability to resolve detailed information relating to the processes driving ice sheet change, through the development of processing chains that utilise very high resolution Digital Elevation Models.",link:["https://youtu.be/1VeAmuuLntQ"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Vinayak_Shedekar.webp",Title:"Modeling hydrology of subsurface drained agricultural watersheds",speakerName:"Dr. Vinayak Shedekar",SeminarTitle:"Modeling hydrology of subsurface drained agricultural watersheds",DateTime:"27 March 2026 (Friday), 9:30 AM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Dr. Vinayak Shedekar is an Assistant Professor of Agricultural Water Management in the Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering (FABE) at The Ohio State University. He also serves as the Executive Director of the International Program for Water Management in Agriculture (IPWMA) and the Overholt Drainage Education and Research Program (ODERP), which are home to the prestigious International Drainage Hall of Fame Award and the Virgil Overholt Drainage School - one of the longest-running training programs on agricultural drainage design and installation. He leads the AgWater team, which works at the intersection of agricultural water management, water quality, and soil health to promote sustainable and resilient farming systems. His scholarship includes over 25 peer-reviewed journal articles, two book chapters, and more than 30 Extension and outreach publications. He is also a frequent contributor to news media and podcasts on water management and agricultural sustainability.",Abstract:"The Great Lakes Region of North America is blessed with abundant water resources, fertile and highly productive soils supporting $14.5 billion agricultural production. Lake Erie is the shallowest among the five Great Lakes, and forms the Northern Border of State of Ohio. The Western Lake Erie Basin (WLEB) has had a long history of water quality issues due to industrial and municipal point-source pollution and agricultural nonpoint-source pollution. In recent decades, the WLEB has experienced an increase in the occurrence and extent of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs), which have been linked to phosphorus and nutrient loads from intensively subsurface drained WLEB watershed. Subsurface drainage removes excess water (and salts) from root zone, enhances crop growth, and provides trafficability for farm operations. However, drainage also serves as a major conduit for nutrient loads between agricultural watersheds and the downstream bodies like the Great Lakes. In this presentation, Dr. Vinayak Shedekar will shed light on some of the public-private partnerships and initiatives for conservation drainage implementation towards reducing the phosphorus and nitrate loads to the WLEB. The presentation will highlight strategic investments made to accelerate adoption of in-field, edge-of-field, and stream-level conservation practices, and their impact assessment through advanced field-monitoring and modeling efforts. Representing the hydrologic and water quality processes in subsurface drained landscapes poses unique challenges in drainage-dominated watersheds. The processes governing movement of water and solutes, in the presence of drainage, are not always accurately represented in many conventional field-scale and watershed-scale hydrologic models. Dr. Shedekar will also give an overview of the current efforts to address the uncertainty related to drainage processes in field and watershed-scale hydrologic models.",link:["https://youtu.be/gNHIAGo3awk"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/David_Schenkel.webp",Title:"Artificial Intelligence for precise, rapid flood modelling",speakerName:"David Schenkel",SeminarTitle:"Artificial Intelligence for precise, rapid flood modelling",DateTime:"23 February 2026 (Monday), 10:00 AM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"David Schenkel is Head of Product at REOR20, a Swiss startup training AI systems in computational fluid dynamics to improve flood forecasting and risk modeling. REOR20 is a European Space Agency Business Incubator alumni founded in 2019. David holds an MSc in Geography and Remote Sensing from the Remote Sensing Laboratories at University of Zurich. He has worked as a senior Product Manager at Swiss Re prior to joining REOR20.",Abstract:"REOR20 demonstrates how modern AI technologies and high-precision geospatial data can be combined to develop next-generation flood models. Their system, DeepWater, is trained to replace slow, computationally intensive numerical flood models with a much faster and more scalable AI model. This approach is further enhanced through the integration of weather and remote sensing data, enabling the simulation of complex flooding scenarios almost in real time. These innovations not only extend early warning times but also significantly improve risk assessments for communities and emergency services\u2014a crucial step toward efficient prevention and rapid response during extreme weather events.",link:["https://youtu.be/ot49q4LBNDY"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Chandrakant_Singh.webp",Title:"Tipping points in the rainforest ecosystems",speakerName:"Dr. Chandrakant Singh",SeminarTitle:"Tipping points in the rainforest ecosystems",DateTime:"08 January 2026 (Thursday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams / YouTube",AboutSpeaker:"Dr. Chandrakant Singh is a postdoctoral researcher at the Chalmers University of Technology (Sweden), where he assesses the deforestation\u2013carbon footprint of global food production and consumption. He holds a PhD in Sustainability Science from the Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University (Sweden), and at the time, had been a visiting researcher at TU Delft (the Netherlands) and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA, Austria). Dr. Singh\u2019s expertise lies in remote sensing applications for land-use monitoring, ecohydrological feedbacks, deforestation footprints, and big data analysis.",Abstract:"Tropical rainforests and their (hydro-)climate are deeply intertwined, jointly sustaining the stability of the Earth system. Yet, these ecosystems are increasingly threatened by deforestation and climate-induced stresses that may push them toward ecological tipping points - abrupt and potentially irreversible shifts with profound implications for climate, biodiversity and human livelihoods. Understanding how rainforests respond to changes in water availability is crucial for assessing their resilience to climate perturbations and anticipating future tipping risk. In this seminar, Dr. Chandrakant will (i) briefly introduce global tipping elements, (ii) synthesise key insights from previous forest tipping assessments, and (iii) present their findings that demonstrate how remote sensing observations can help evaluate the resilience of rainforest ecosystems under hydroclimatic stresses. Here, he will discuss how subsoil ecohydrological processes influence the drought coping strategies of forest ecosystems, and how incorporating these mechanisms improves projections of rainforest tipping risks under future climate change scenarios.",link:["https://youtu.be/cmpcPP1eWMs"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Virender_K_Sharma.webp",Title:"High-Valent Iron Species (FeV and FeIV) in Enhanced Water Sustainability",speakerName:"Prof. Virender K. Sharma",SeminarTitle:"High-Valent Iron Species (FeV and FeIV) in Enhanced Water Sustainability",DateTime:"22 December 2025 (Monday), 11:00 AM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams / YouTube",AboutSpeaker:"Dr. Virender K Sharma is a Professor in the Department of Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering at the University of Miami, Florida. He received his Ph.D. from the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, in 1989. He has made seminal contributions to the chemistry and environmental applications of ferrates, which are unusual high oxidation of iron(VI), iron(V), and iron(IV). Dr. Sharma has made exceptional contributions in the field concerning the occurrence and remediation of inorganic and organic pollutants. His research has expanded to include advanced materials such as metal\u2013organic frameworks, covalent\u2013organic frameworks, and single-atom catalysts, exploring their roles in advanced redox processes to address real-world challenges in water, energy, and food sustainability. Guided by his mission of \u201cSaving Lives\u2014Even One Life,\u201d his work bridges fundamental science with impactful global applications. Prof. Sharma has published over 475 peer-reviewed journal articles, 60 book chapters, authored one book, and edited seven books. Dr. Sharma has been recognized as Highly Cited Researcher (Top 1 %) by the Clarivate (Web of Science) and he has Google Scholar citations of more than 50,000 with H-Index of 110. He has been globally ranked in the top 10 in citations in the field of water treatment. He also serves as a Distinguished Editor of Environmental Chemistry Letters which has an impact factor of 20 and editorial board member for several international journals like Environmental Science and Technology. Prof. Sharma is a Member of Academia Europaea (MAE) and Fellow of many prestigious societies worldwide including the AAAS, ACS, EurASc, and RSC. His distinguished honors include the Humboldt Research Award, the Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water, the Southwest Region American Chemical Society award, the Steven K. Dentel Association of Environmental Engineering and Science Professors Award for Global Outreach, and the President Bush Excellence Award for International Research.",Abstract:"Society is facing numerous challenges like water scarcity, climate change, vector-borne diseases, and pharmaceuticals and personal antibiotics in water. This requires innovative approaches that strategize environmentally friendly earth abundant elements or materials that possess multiple modes in water treatment. Iron in +4 (FeIV) and +5 (FeV) oxidation states (e.g., FeIVO44-, FeIVO32-, FeIVO2+ and FeVO43-), which could be generated from either the oxidation of low valence iron species, ferrous (FeII) and ferric (FeIII) ions and reduction of ferrate(VI) iron (FeVIO42-). FeIV and FeV species are highly reactive and oxidize recalcitrant contaminants and chlorine resistant microorganisms in water in seconds with high efficiency without influence of water matrices. Significantly, the reactivity of FeIV and FeV is enhanced by natural ions (e.g., carbonate and silicate) and natural organic matter (NOM). Such high valent iron species thus have advantageous properties over advanced oxidation processes based on hydroxyl (HO\u25cf) and sulfate (SO4\u25cf-) radicals in which matrix components reduce their removal efficiency. The presentation will give examples of the increasing efficiency of FeIV and FeV through degradation kinetics and oxidation efficiency of a wide range of micropollutants in contaminated water.",link:["https://youtu.be/Pac4fIb3i4Q"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Wenyan_Wu.webp",Title:"Data-driven modelling in water engineering",speakerName:"Dr. Wenyan Wu",SeminarTitle:"Data-driven modelling in water engineering",DateTime:"18 November 2025 (Tuesday), 9:30 AM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Dr. Wenyan Wu is an Associate Professor in the Department of Infrastructure Engineering at the University of Melbourne. Dr. Wu specialises in the development of artificial intelligence (AI)-based simulation and optimisation tools to enhance decision-making in the planning and management of infrastructure and natural systems, including water distribution systems, water resources systems, and river systems. Her current research focuses on the development of innovative methods to: \u2022 Improve the efficiency of water system operations, with a special emphasis on the water-energy nexus and uncertainty; \u2022 Enhance the resilience of water systems, with a focus on the impacts of long-term drivers such as climate change, demographic change, and technological advancements; and \u2022 Promote good modelling practices, particularly for AI-based models. Dr. Wu is nationally and internationally recognised for her research in environmental modelling and optimisation. She was awarded a prestigious DECRA Fellowship from the Australian Research Council (ARC) in 2021 and an Early Career Research Excellence Prize from the International Environmental Modelling and Software Society (iEMSs) in 2022. In addition to her research, Dr. Wu is actively involved in teaching and research training at the University of Melbourne. She has developed and taught multiple courses in the Department of Infrastructure Engineering, adopting a constructivist teaching philosophy that emphasises learning by doing through real-world projects and industry engagement. Dr. Wu has supervised many PhD students to completion, with her students consistently achieving academic and industry success. Dr. Wu holds a PhD in Civil and Environmental Engineering from the University of Adelaide, where she also completed her Master's degrees. She is a dedicated mentor and educator, contributing significantly to the academic community through her editorial roles in prestigious journals and active participation in international research networks.",Abstract:"One of the greatest challenges facing the world today is the efficient and effective management of our built and natural environment, particularly under climate change induced conditions such as having too much or too little water. On the one hand, flooding is one of the most devastating and expensive types of natural disasters in Australia and around the world. Although fatality rates caused by floods have been decreasing in Australia, damage costs are rising rapidly with individual events. On the other hand, water utilities in Australia are struggling to supply sufficient water with satisfactory pressure and quality due to sustained population growth and reduced water availability. This is further compounded by an ageing water infrastructure that was built decades ago, and desperately needs renewal and upgrades. Therefore, my research has focused on three themes: (i) flood modelling and risk analysis to inform flood infrastructure design and emergency response, (ii) the management (i.e., operation and rehabilitation) of water infrastructure systems to improve water supply reliability and system resilience in the face of uncertainty, and (iii) the development of rigorous modelling practices to improve the management of our built and natural environment. My talk will focus on the first and second themes, specifically on the use of data-driven models to assist with those tasks.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/krishnakp_iisc_ac_in/EfhwQO_Xu-hHiU55v41RV_8BQyopgDwwVgBnHKn7G-67ow?nav=eyJyZWZlcnJhbEluZm8iOnsicmVmZXJyYWxBcHAiOiJTdHJlYW1XZWJBcHAiLCJyZWZlcnJhbFZpZXciOiJTaGFyZURpYWxvZy1MaW5rIiwicmVmZXJyYWxBcHBQbGF0Zm9ybSI6IldlYiIsInJlZmVycmFsTW9kZSI6InZpZXcifX0%3D&e=GY1MFo"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Nandita_Basu.webp",Title:"From Earth and Environmental systems to Sustainable Solutions: An editorial perspective",speakerName:"Dr. Nandita Basu",SeminarTitle:"From Earth and Environmental systems to Sustainable Solutions: An editorial perspective",DateTime:"15 October 2025 (Wednesday), 4:30 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Dr. Nandita joined Communications Earth & Environment as a Consulting Editor in March 2025. Before joining Springer Nature, she had accumulated nearly a decade of experience in academic research and teaching. She earned her MSc in Chemistry with a specialization in Physical Chemistry and completed her PhD in Physics at the University of Freiburg, Germany, where her research was focused on the Polymer Physics of nano-sized polymer crystals under various environmental conditions. She advanced her expertise through postdoctoral research at the interface of soft matter and nanotechnology at Trinity College, Dublin and the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. She has also briefly served as a Scientific Officer at the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay. In addition to her research, She was an Educator focusing on interdisciplinary courses in Physical Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science. She is also an Associate Editor for Communications Sustainability. She is currently based in the Pune office of Springer Nature.",Abstract:"The presentation titled \u2018From Earth and Environmental systems to Sustainable Solutions: An editorial perspective\u2019 will introduce Communications Earth & Environment and Communications Sustainability, two selective, open-access journals from the leading scientific publisher, Nature Portfolio. The session will provide insights into how scientific research is evaluated and published, from editorial decision-making and peer review to the key criteria that make a study successful. Drawing from the editor\u2019s experience, the talk will highlight what editors look for in a submission, how to strengthen a manuscript, and how authors can effectively communicate the value of their research. The session will conclude with an interactive discussion to exchange ideas on emerging research themes, sustainability challenges, and opportunities for collaboration within the Nature Portfolio community.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/krishnakp_iisc_ac_in/Ed-v7oV2UKVOnGBxpV15X9YBDvfUcpKwyBlLAXmuSxwY6Q?nav=eyJyZWZlcnJhbEluZm8iOnsicmVmZXJyYWxBcHAiOiJTdHJlYW1XZWJBcHAiLCJyZWZlcnJhbFZpZXciOiJTaGFyZURpYWxvZy1MaW5rIiwicmVmZXJyYWxBcHBQbGF0Zm9ybSI6IldlYiIsInJlZmVycmFsTW9kZSI6InZpZXcifX0%3D&e=dMcMlp"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Alakananda_Karthick.webp",Title:"Publishing with Scientific Reports and Editorial Insights",speakerName:"Dr Alakananda Karthick",SeminarTitle:"Publishing with Scientific Reports and Editorial Insights",DateTime:"03 September 2025 (Wednesday), 2:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Dr. Alakananda is a highly accomplished Manuscript Editor working with Scientific Reports, a flagship open-access journal within the Springer Nature Journals Portfolio. She joined the Scientific Reports editorial team in August 2023, bringing with her over 4 years of experience being a coordinator for research-based science communication organization, Research Matters, Gubbi labs. Dr. Alakananda, alumni, Centre for Ecological Sciences (CES), IISc [2008-2012] holds a PhD from University of Mysore, and has an extensive research background in studying Water bodies of diverse environmental conditions, understanding the biodiversity and proposing restoration of the water bodies based on the diversities and helping the government in implementing the policies. Her research focused on understating different ecosystems, specifically Wetlands ecosystems of urban environment and introducing diatom based biomonitoring of urban wetlands. Further Dr. Alakananda advanced her academic career as a recipient of SERB-NPDF Post-doctoral fellowship during 2016- 2018 at Bharati Vidyapeeth, Pune where she conducted advanced research in studying anti-bacterial activity of algal extracts and developing novel materials for application in pharmacological studies. Working in these significant topics and diverse roles, she brings a deep understanding of the publishing landscape gained and a strong commitment to scientific integrity in her role as an Editor. Dr Alakananda has experience in both scientific research and editorial work, which helps her guide authors through writing and publishing their papers. Based in Pune, she is dedicated to helping early-career researchers navigate the changing landscape of academic publishing.",Abstract:"Springer Nature is a global leader in research publishing and communication, supporting researchers, and institutions in advancing discovery across disciplines, providing trusted platforms for sharing rigorous and impactful science. This session offers an in-depth look at publishing in Springer Nature\u2019s fully Open Access journals, with a focus on Scientific Reports. Known for its inclusive scope and commitment to publishing sound science, Scientific Reports - a multidisciplinary journal, is dedicated to publishing robust and reproducible research across the natural and clinical sciences. This talk will discuss topics such as preparing a strong manuscript, understanding editorial expectations, and navigating peer review, with practical tips for early career researchers. The session will also highlight how researchers can engage with the journal beyond publishing through contributing to collections, participating in peer review, and exploring opportunities to join the editorial board. Finally, we\u2019ll touch on career in academic publishing, offering a behind-the-scenes look at the role of an editor and how to transition into publishing roles in your career. This talk is designed for PhD students, postdoctoral researchers, and early career academics interested in scientific publishing.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/krishnakp_iisc_ac_in/EUVsLJPfCwBFhcLz6nWErggBXIQ5Fw9zOX8CHQKyQXTr7A?e=iFIwZW"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Anamika_Barua.webp",Title:"Beyond Models: Putting People at the Heart of Water Decisions",speakerName:"Prof. Anamika Barua",SeminarTitle:"Beyond Models: Putting People at the Heart of Water Decisions",DateTime:"29 August 2025 (Friday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Anamika Barua is a Professor at the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India, and a Visiting Faculty Member at AIT Bangkok and National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University (NIE-NTU), Singapore. With a background in ecological economics, her research delves into the intricate interplay of political, social, and economic dynamics in shaping environmental decisions, particularly in the realm of water resources. Her academic pursuits revolve around diverse topics such as climate change and water security, the economics of water, ecological footprints, virtual water flows through trade, and water governance, including transboundary water governance. Prof Barua has contributed significantly to academia with numerous publications in peer-reviewed journals. Additionally, she is serving as a member of several high-level committees for the Government of India. Notably, she is a part of the Technical Advisory Committee for India's climate communication to UNFCCC, established by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. She also serves as an expert member of the Department of Science and Technology's Climate Change Program. In 2020, she played a pivotal role as a member of the drafting committee for India's water policy, constituted by the Ministry of Jal Shakti.",Abstract:"Water governance in the 21st century is increasingly shaped by advanced hydrological, climate, and infrastructure models. While these tools are indispensable for forecasting floods, designing dams, and planning water infrastructure, they often dominate decision-making in ways that overlook the lived realities of communities most affected by water interventions. This results in projects that may be technically robust but socially fragile, generating mistrust, resistance, or even maladaptation. This talk argues that water governance must move \u201cbeyond models\u201d by embedding participation as a central principle across scales\u2014from local communities managing irrigation to national governments planning river interlinking, and transboundary negotiations in shared basins such as the Brahmaputra. Drawing on experiences from the Brahmaputra Dialogue, as well as research on hydropower development and climate adaptation in Northeast India, I illustrate how participatory approaches can transform water decisions by incorporating diverse knowledge, reducing power asymmetries, and ensuring equity. The presentation highlights three dimensions of participatory water governance: (i) integrating community voices into technical models to enhance relevance and legitimacy, (ii) recognizing power relations between upstream and downstream actors at national and transboundary scales, and (iii) reframing water from a purely technical resource to a socio-ecological system embedded in livelihoods, culture, and justice. Ultimately, the talk underscores the need for technocrats not only to design models but also to act as facilitators of dialogue between science, policy, and society. Participation does not dilute scientific rigor\u2014it strengthens resilience and sustainability by putting people at the heart of water decisions.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/krishnakp_iisc_ac_in/ETUwCf1OrxJGnZkxcPbHiyEBn04lbQURiHA0xOxLXFPJWQ?e=oRgawo"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Biswa_Bhattacharya.webp",Title:"AI and Machine Learning for Improving Water Management",speakerName:"Prof. Biswa Bhattacharya",SeminarTitle:"AI and Machine Learning for Improving Water Management",DateTime:"30 July 2025 (Wednesday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Biswa Bhattacharya has a PhD degree in Hydroinformatics from Delft University of Technology and IHE Delft Institute for Water Education. Prior to that he studied Civil Engineering from Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, India. Currently, he is the head of the Hydroinformatics department of IHE Delft. His research focuses on AI and machine learning to improve decision making in various water domains. He has worked on a large number of research projects on the use of AI and machine learning with hydrology and flood risk as the primary application area. One of his key research interests is to work on data scarce regions, where he has developed methodologies for making value for imperfect data, leading to using Bayesian decision making framework in decision making under uncertainty.",Abstract:"Sustainable water management is one of the important priorities set out in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations, which calls for efficient use of natural resources. Efficient water management, particularly under the threat of climate change, requires an increased attention and nowadays depends a lot upon models. The tremendous advances in AI and Machine Learning are increasingly contributing to the better management of the water resources. In the near future, it is likely that management of many of the water systems will be aided by machine learning. The seminar presents research on the use of machine learning in various aspects of the water domain during the last 25 years. The presentation covers four ways of learning: clustering, classification, regression and control. In each of the learning tasks a number of research applications will be presented.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/krishnakp_iisc_ac_in/EQmLzf5YAmNHrRNEJGmBuWEBh3iMU_JpWEWgoUpVwU6ZWg?e=k1Cegy"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Sankar_Arumugam.webp",Title:"Flood Prediction in Ungauged & Urban Basins: What do we gain from watershed models?",speakerName:"Prof. Sankar Arumugam",SeminarTitle:"Flood Prediction in Ungauged & Urban Basins: What do we gain from watershed models?",DateTime:"25 June 2025 (Wednesday), 2:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:'Dr. Sankar Arumugam is a Professor and University Faculty Scholar in the Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering at NCSU. Dr. Arumugam"s primary research interest is at the interface of climate and water management focusing on large-scale hydroclimatology. Arumugam is interested in understanding, modeling and forecasting hydrological fluxes at large spatial scales based on land surface and climatic indices. Arumugam has published more than 100 peer-reviewed publications that include 92 journal articles, 10 book chapters and conference articles and 3 national datasets on hydroclimatology. Arumugam has also given more than 125 conference presentations and invited talks at various universities and UN agencies (World Bank, World Meteorological Organization, World Energy and Meteorology Council). He has graduated so far 15 PhD students and 9 MS students and mentored 6 post-docs. Arumugam has also been an invited member for the US National Academies workshop on groundwater recharge and withdrawal using remote-sensing data. He has served as a panelist and co-author for the water chapter of the US National Climate Assessment IV (2017) and III (2013) from the US Global Change Research Program. Arumugam also served as an expert for the US Government Accounting Office on Water Infrastructure Resiliency under Climate Change. He led an AGU chapman conference and has conducted many workshops on utilizing climate information for improving water and energy management. Arumugam also received the prestigious CAREER award from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and has led several NSF flagship projects focusing on nexus research on climate, food, water and energy. His current research sponsors include NSF, NOAA and the USGS. Dr. Arumugam currently serves as the associate editor for the Geophysical Research Letters (AGU). He also served as the associate editor for Water Resources Research (AGU), Journal of Hydrometeorology (AMS), Journal of Hydrology (Elsevier) and Journal of Hydrologic Engineering (ASCE).',Abstract:"Floods cause hundreds of fatalities and billions of dollars of economic loss each year all over the globe. To mitigate these damages, accurate flood prediction is needed for issuing early warnings to the public. This situation is exacerbated in larger-domain flood prediction, particularly in ungauged basins and urban catchments, where observations are limited. To improve flood prediction for these basins, we evaluate the predictions from two physically-based models \u2013 NOAA\u2019s National Water Model (NWM) and EPA\u2019s Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) \u2013 for developing daily streamflow and local inundation forecasts. Predictions from NWM model are evaluated for several basins over the Coterminous US through rigorous spatio-temporal validation, whereas EPA\u2019s SWMM model is evaluated for coastal city in North Carolina, US. Our evaluation shows that all these physical models require significant post-processing using data-driven models but have the capacity to scale-up the prediction over large-scale upon combining with an appropriate post-processing model. The utility of remote-sensing data in estimating antecedent conditions in ungauged basins is also evaluated towards improving streamflow prediction. I also discuss opportunities for improving streamflow prediction in urban catchments using both remote-sensing and local monitoring. Finally, the talk concludes emphasizing improved streamflow prediction/forecast should have a multi-pronged approach that combines information from monitoring, physical model predictions and correcting their errors along with continually improving data availability in catchments with limited/no data.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/krishnakp_iisc_ac_in/EeubXo7_HDJNsfnLu2Fq5OwBTKPQj8qSdd8ngMej7btRZA?e=nun9LW"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Somnath_Mondal.webp",Title:"Exploring High-Dimensional Spatiotemporal Dependence in Earth System Science: Application in Compound/Connected Extremes, Global Hydrological Cycle, and Wild-Urban Forest Fire",speakerName:"Dr. Somnath Mondal",SeminarTitle:"Exploring High-Dimensional Spatiotemporal Dependence in Earth System Science: Application in Compound/Connected Extremes, Global Hydrological Cycle, and Wild-Urban Forest Fire",DateTime:"05 May 2025 (Monday), 5:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Dr. Somnath Mondal is a climate data scientist and hydrologist whose research focuses on understanding the dynamics of hydroclimatic fluxes and extremes in a changing climate. He integrates tools from complex network theory, Bayesian statistics, machine learning, with In situ and Earth system modeling output to investigate the spatiotemporal dependencies underlying events such as droughts, heatwaves, flash floods, and wildfires. Dr. Mondal earned his Ph.D. in Civil Engineering from Clemson University and holds an Alfond AI postdoctoral research fellow position at the Roux Institute at Northeastern University. He has worked at Arizona State University, the Department of Space (Govt. of India), and IIT Guwahati. His work has been published in Nature Communications, Geophysical Research Letters, and Water Resources Research. His research journey is motivated by the persistent curiosity of critical insights, improving prediction, resilience, and adaptive capacity in the face of global climate change. When he is not at work, you might catch him teaching local children, debating at a tea shop, working out, motorcycling, or learning new languages, with the recent addition being German!",Abstract:'Understanding Earth system dynamics demands unraveling the complex web of interactions across space, time, and scale. My research explores the complex behavior of hydroclimatic fluxes and extremes by decoding their high-dimensional patterns across space and time. I have combined complex network theory, Bayesian statistics, and machine learning with In-situ and Earth system model outputs into a unified analytical framework to uncover these patterns. My talk will explore how large-scale climate drivers\u2014such as sea surface temperature anomalies, regional monsoon systems, and Rossby wave-induced atmospheric blocking\u2014interact with land-surface processes and land-use changes to trigger compound and connected extremes. These interactions can induce evaporative or soil moisture synchrony, creating co-evolving hazards such as synchronized droughts and heatwaves, extreme precipitation events, and cascading impacts like flash floods or wild-urban interface fires. I will present a few innovative high-dimensional insights such as (1) "drought hubs" influenced by large-scale circulation, (2) bottlenecks, dynamic teleconnection pathways in global hydrological cycle, shaped by interaction of land-atmospheric feedback and moisture transporting low-level jets, (3) spatial propagation of heatwave to improve predictability, (4) role of soil-temperature coupling in nighttime compound drought and heatwaves (the concurrence of drought and nighttime heatwaves), which are among the drivers of large and persistent nighttime forest fires. Through these examples, I will illustrate how blending data-driven geoscientific process discovery can advance predictive understanding and support the design of early warning systems and climate-resilient infrastructure and ecosystems in a warming world.',link:["https://teams.microsoft.com/l/meetup-join/19%3ameeting_ODA2NzI4NjYtYjg2My00YzUxLThkZWYtMzc4ZmEzMjNlYjYy%40thread.v2/0?context=%7b%22Tid%22%3a%226f15cd97-f6a7-41e3-b2c5-ad4193976476%22%2c%22Oid%22%3a%223d91a14b-3074-47bb-810b-2eec2f3a86e7%22%7d"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Subodh_Sharma.webp",Title:"The Power of Bugs in Water Quality Assessment",speakerName:" Prof. Subodh Sharma",SeminarTitle:"The Power of Bugs in Water Quality Assessment",DateTime:"04 April 2025 (Friday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Subodh Sharma is a Professor of Environmental Science & Engineering at the School of Science, Kathmandu University. He earned his Ph.D. from the University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria, in 1996, specializing in Hydrobiology. In 2001, Prof. Sharma received a Postdoctoral Fellowship at the same university for research in Paleolimnology, utilizing head capsules of midges as indicators of climate change in the high-altitude lakes of the Himalayas. Nine years later, in 2010, he was awarded a Senior Fulbright Research Scholar Fellowship to continue this research in Maryland, USA. His research interests include WASH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene) and the biological assessment of water quality in mountain rivers and high-altitude lakes using macroinvertebrates. With nearly three decades of teaching, research, and administrative experience at the university level, Prof. Sharma remains an active member of the Freshwater Science Society, USA, and currently serves as the Chair of its South Asia Chapter. He is also a Visiting Professor at the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IITR) and is presently part of the International Visiting Faculty program at the Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), IISc, Bengaluru.",Abstract:"Rivers in South Asia are among the most threatened ecosystems in the world, facing severe challenges from pollution, water abstraction, channelization, and damming. While various methods describe the physical and chemical aspects of rivers, they overlook the living organisms that rivers support. Biomonitoring, therefore, emerges as one of the most powerful tools for assessing river health. This presentation emphasizes the importance of designing effective monitoring plans for river health assessment. It discusses appropriate indicator species for biomonitoring and traces the historical timeline of bioindicator use. The chronology and relationships of key macroinvertebrate-based biotic indices, along with the fundamental principles behind their development, are highlighted. Major groups of macroinvertebrates from the Hindu Kush Himalayan rivers are examined, focusing on their responses to eutrophication and land-use changes. Additionally, river health mapping from major rivers flowing through capital cities of the member countries in the Hindu Kush Himalaya is presented as an effective approach for communicating findings to planners and policymakers. The presentation concludes with insights from the presenter\u2019s three decades of research experience, developed through collaborations with partners from Nepal and abroad.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/krishnakp_iisc_ac_in/ERsm494uqcJAvu4vfQD3ZUABDk9SSLJQv_skMoUYCR3xlA?nav=eyJyZWZlcnJhbEluZm8iOnsicmVmZXJyYWxBcHAiOiJTdHJlYW1XZWJBcHAiLCJyZWZlcnJhbFZpZXciOiJTaGFyZURpYWxvZy1MaW5rIiwicmVmZXJyYWxBcHBQbGF0Zm9ybSI6IldlYiIsInJlZmVycmFsTW9kZSI6InZpZXcifX0%3D&e=8XYWYi"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Anand_Jayakaran.webp",Title:"Green Stormwater Infrastructure: A Framework for Experiential Learning in Urban Ecosystems",speakerName:" Prof. Anand Jayakaran",SeminarTitle:"Green Stormwater Infrastructure: A Framework for Experiential Learning in Urban Ecosystems",DateTime:"21 March 2025 (Friday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Anand Jayakaran is a professor and extension specialist with Washington State University Extension and an affiliate faculty member of the Department of Biological Systems Engineering and the School of the Environment. He has a PhD in Agricultural and Biological Engineering from Ohio State University. He leads the Green Stormwater Infrastructure Lab at WSU\u2019s Puyallup Research and Extension Center. Anand provides extension and research strategies to manage water resources using GSI principles and improve current engineering designs through applied research. His academic interests include green stormwater infrastructure, University Extension, and watershed hydrology. He serves his peers as an associate editor for two technical journals and as the co-vice Chair of Puget Sound Partnership\u2019s Science Panel.",Abstract:"I will outline research and education efforts at Washington State University related to stormwater management in urban ecosystems and our efforts to take this work out to the community and policymakers. I will highlight studies that show that trees are essential for stormwater management, as are distributed discrete stormwater management practices like bioretention, rain gardens, and permeable pavements. Successes and challenges will be highlighted. In addition, I will outline some work I have done in Bengaluru with Bangalore International Airport, as well as conversations I have had with scientists working on water-related issues in the region. I will ensure time for a question/answer and discussion session to solicit what IISc faculty and students think are pressing issues in the City.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/krishnakp_iisc_ac_in/EZzYorerjINIpyP5ZZrG7PcBdr-Ur2A7O21tEC-8WsAZLg?nav=eyJyZWZlcnJhbEluZm8iOnsicmVmZXJyYWxBcHAiOiJTdHJlYW1XZWJBcHAiLCJyZWZlcnJhbFZpZXciOiJTaGFyZURpYWxvZy1MaW5rIiwicmVmZXJyYWxBcHBQbGF0Zm9ybSI6IldlYiIsInJlZmVycmFsTW9kZSI6InZpZXcifX0%3D&e=Aekh9m"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Aleah_Sommers.webp",Title:"Subglacial hydrology and glacier dynamics \u2014 coupled modeling with SHAKTI-ISSM to understand seasonal glacier velocities, surges, and floods",speakerName:"Dr. Aleah Sommers",SeminarTitle:"Subglacial hydrology and glacier dynamics \u2014 coupled modeling with SHAKTI-ISSM to understand seasonal glacier velocities, surges, and floods",DateTime:"17 February 2025 (Monday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Aleah Sommers is a Research Scientist at Dartmouth College, USA, interested in processes affecting glaciers and ice sheets under changing conditions.\xa0She holds a BS in civil engineering from Rice University\xa0and a PhD in civil engineering from the University of Colorado at Boulder. Her current work focuses on mathematical modeling of subglacial hydrology and ice dynamics in Greenland and High Mountain Asia.",Abstract:"The Earth\u2019s cryosphere is changing rapidly, with global impacts. High Mountain Asia is experiencing warmer temperatures, with corresponding changes in glacier melt rates and precipitation patterns, which have significant implications for water resources as well as changes in patterns of geophysical hazards such as glacial lake outburst floods and surging glaciers. Subglacial hydrology (water drainage beneath glaciers) is an important piece of the glacier system, as the configuration of drainage and water pressure at the bed influences how quickly a glacier slides and modulates the timing and magnitude of glacial water discharge. The subglacial environment, however, is difficult to access for direct observations due to remote and challenging terrain, as well as the logistical challenge and expense of drilling boreholes through thick ice. Mathematical models provide a view into this hidden world, based on physical processes that allow us to simulate the evolution of water distribution and pathways, pressure, and ice velocity. I will present an overview of the Subglacial Hydrology And Kinetic, Transient Interactions (SHAKTI) model, coupled with the Ice-sheet and Sea-level System Model (ISSM), with example applications to understand the physical processes driving the behavior of a tidewater glacier in Greenland, surging glaciers in the Karakoram, and non-surging Himalayan glaciers that display seasonal velocity variations. This modeling approach yields insights into the connections between hydrology and ice dynamics, improving understanding of physical processes at the bed of mountain glaciers, to help assess the effects of future glacier change, with ramifications for downstream water resources and glacial hazards like surges and outburst floods. Two-way coupled hydrology and ice dynamics modeling is an active area of research, and the application to High Mountain Asia glaciers is an exciting step forward.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/EY-LvvgwXRtEtXxnW6eZCuEBUrcXpFZ5Zor9977UpBtmTQ?nav=eyJyZWZlcnJhbEluZm8iOnsicmVmZXJyYWxBcHAiOiJTdHJlYW1XZWJBcHAiLCJyZWZlcnJhbFZpZXciOiJTaGFyZURpYWxvZy1MaW5rIiwicmVmZXJyYWxBcHBQbGF0Zm9ybSI6IldlYiIsInJlZmVycmFsTW9kZSI6InZpZXcifX0%3D&e=CipnNh"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Ravindra_Duddu.webp",Title:"Damage Mechanics Modeling of Fracture Propagation in Glaciers and Ice-shelve",speakerName:"Prof. Ravindra Duddu",SeminarTitle:"Damage Mechanics Modeling of Fracture Propagation in Glaciers and Ice-shelve",DateTime:"16 January 2025 (Thursday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Ravindra Duddu got his B. Tech in Civil Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Madras. He obtained his Ph.D. in Civil and Environmental Engineering from Northwestern University. He worked as postdoctoral researcher at the University of Texas at Austin Institute for Geophysics and Columbia University in the City of New York. Currently, he is an Associate Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Vanderbilt University, with secondary appointments in Mechanical Engineering and Earth and Environmental Sciences. His research interests are in computational solid mechanics with a focus on multi-physics modeling of material damage evolution. In the field of glaciology, he has advanced the use of continuum damage mechanics models for simulating fracture processes in glaciers and ice sheets. Ravindra is a recipient of the US NSF early CAREER award, Fulbright Kalam-Climate Fellowship, UK The Royal Society International Exchanges award, and ONR Summer Faculty Fellowship. He is a member of American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), American Geophysical Union, United States Association for Computational Mechanics, and American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). He is the Chair of the Computational Mechanics Committee associated with American Society of Civil Engineers, and the Fracture and Fatigue Mechanics Technical Committee associated with the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.",Abstract:"The dynamic mass loss due to ice flow from the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets directly into oceans is the greatest source of uncertainty in predicting sea level rise. Fracture propagation in glaciers and ice shelves can accelerate ice flow and cause the detachment of icebergs, thus significantly influencing the mass loss from ice sheets. It has been hypothesized that hydrofracturing of glaciers and ice shelves followed by enhanced basal sliding and ice cliff failure could contribute to rapid sea level rise over the coming centuries. Therefore, it is important that we improve our understanding of the fracture mechanics of ice shelves and glaciers and better represent their dynamics in Earth system models. In this presentation, I will provide an overview of my work on simulating fracture propagation in glaciers and ice shelves using continuum damage mechanics models. First, I will describe phase-field and cohesive fracture models to investigate the propagation of water-filled crevasses in marine-terminating glaciers and ice shelves. Second, I will discuss a two-scale cohesive fracture model that incorporates turbulent fluid flow and accounts for melting/refreezing in fractures to explore the conditions enabling rapid supraglacial lake drainage events. Third, I will briefly discuss the incorporation of damage within a shallow shelf approximation to simulate the rifting in ice shelves and progressive calving in marine terminating glaciers. I will end with some concluding remarks and discuss future work aimed at improving the representation of ice sheet fracture in Earth system models. Acknowledgements: This work is funded by the NSF Antarctic Glaciology, NSF Research, Innovation, Synergies and Computation (RISE) and NASA Cryosphere Science programs.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/EeujrXYFSZdMn8hzhX-4L-sB6gfebguKT71bqwrqa6WAbg?nav=eyJyZWZlcnJhbEluZm8iOnsicmVmZXJyYWxBcHAiOiJTdHJlYW1XZWJBcHAiLCJyZWZlcnJhbFZpZXciOiJTaGFyZURpYWxvZy1MaW5rIiwicmVmZXJyYWxBcHBQbGF0Zm9ybSI6IldlYiIsInJlZmVycmFsTW9kZSI6InZpZXcifX0%3D&e=AFl8Gn"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Ana_Mijic.webp",Title:"Frontiers of Hydrological Research through Global Scientific Initiatives",speakerName:"Prof. Ana Mijic",SeminarTitle:"Frontiers of Hydrological Research through Global Scientific Initiatives",DateTime:"09 December 2024 (Monday), 2:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Prof. Ana Mijic is a Professor of Water Systems Integration in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Imperial College London. Her research is at the forefront of advancing systems approaches to water management. She works on developing the methods and tools to tackle the intricate complexity of water systems. The work is underpinned by the Water Systems Integration (WSI) concept defined as coordinating human water needs and protecting water from water-related impacts while minimising pollution and environmental degradation. Her research group has developed WSIMOD \u2013 Water Systems Integration Modelling Framework \u2013 open-source software to generate comprehensive evidence for key stakeholders such as government departments (e.g., Defra and Environment Agency), water companies, and regional and local planning authorities regarding the performance of water systems. This evidence is intended to inform strategies for integrated water management and planning at the systems level, which, in turn, supports collaborative decision-making. Ana is a member of the\u202fImperial\u2019s Hydrology group that was awarded the 2019\u202fImperial President\u2019s Award for Excellence in Research for Outstanding Research Team and she is the recipient of 2022 Satish Dhawan Visiting Chair Professorship at IISc Bengaluru.",Abstract:"Over the last 20 years, hydrological research has been significantly influenced by the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) Scientific Decades. The first decade (2003\u20132012) focused on Predictions in Ungauged Basins (PUB), followed by Panta Rhei (2013\u20132022), which explored the interplay between hydrology and society. The current decade (2023\u20132032), known as HELPING (Hydrology Engaging Local People IN one Global world), emphasises community engagement and global collaboration. In this talk, Prof. Ana Mijic, a leader of one of the HELPING Themes, will outline the initiatives goals, highlight the structure of proposed Working Groups (WGs), and discuss opportunities for researchers\u2014especially early career scientists\u2014to contribute to HELPING. She will present insights from her Working Group on Water Systems Analysis for Integrated Planning and Management, using the latest advancements in WSIMOD\u2014an integrated water planning model developed by her team\u2014as an example of the motivation behind proposing the Working Group.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/EcVEa8h37fRCrt3hAE0lUscBXgccVNf3-EIgNzRrXEZmjQ?nav=eyJyZWZlcnJhbEluZm8iOnsicmVmZXJyYWxBcHAiOiJTdHJlYW1XZWJBcHAiLCJyZWZlcnJhbFZpZXciOiJTaGFyZURpYWxvZy1MaW5rIiwicmVmZXJyYWxBcHBQbGF0Zm9ybSI6IldlYiIsInJlZmVycmFsTW9kZSI6InZpZXcifX0%3D&e=lBPDMJ"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Mukesh_Kumar.webp",Title:"Unforeseen Responses of Places, Plants, and People to Environmental Change",speakerName:"Prof. Mukesh Kumar",SeminarTitle:"Unforeseen Responses of Places, Plants, and People to Environmental Change",DateTime:"29 November 2024 (Friday), 9:30 AM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Mukesh Kumar is Professor of Hydrology and Water Resources at the University of Alabama. He studies ways to assess risks to property, plants, and people from hydroclimatic extremes. To this end, his research cuts across the traditional silos in the field of hydrology, and focuses on responses created by interactions between the different components of the hydrologic continuum i.e., subsurface, surface, snow, atmosphere, plants, and humans. He is co-developer of several open-source frameworks including PIHM (Pennstate Integrated Hydrologic Model), PIHMgis, FIHM, FoRM (Forest Radiation Model), BPT (Barrier Prioritization Tool), SPAC (Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum Model) and DEWS (Detection of Early Warning Signal). Mukesh has personally directed more than $4.5M of funded research, published more than 60 peer-reviewed research papers and delivered 30 invited talks. His research recognitions include NSF CAREER Award, UCOWR Ph.D. Dissertation Award (2nd Prize), Outstanding Student Paper Award at AGU, UA College of Engineering Research Excellence & Innovation Award (2024), Fellow of Alabama Water Institute, UA Dept. of CCEE\u2019s Outstanding Faculty Research and Innovation Award (2023), and two Outstanding Mid-Career Faculty Award (2021, 2019). In recognition of his outstanding contributions, he received the Mahatma Gandhi Non-resident Indian Award in 2018. Mukesh completed his B.Tech from IIT Kanpur in 2002 and Ph.D. from Pennsylvania State University in 2009. Before joining the faculty of the University of Alabama, he was an Assistant Professor at Duke University. More information is available at: http://mkumar.people.ua.edu.",Abstract:"Changes in climate and landscape characteristics are driving coupled hydrologic and ecological systems into uncharted territories. These shifts have led to significant alterations in water availability and quality, often negatively affecting water resource sustainability and societal prosperity. Despite these challenges, the interactions between the physical processes essential for interpreting and predicting system dynamics remain poorly understood and inadequately represented in models. In this talk, I will present examples that underscore the importance of studying interactions across land, ecosystems, and communities to achieve reliable resource predictions. Specifically, I will discuss: (a) changes in groundwater recharge in snow-affected regions, (b) the impact of a changing climate on tree mortality risks, and (c) the feedback of climate on crop acreage and wetland consolidation. Through these examples, I will argue for the need to account for these missing interactions in our models to improve ecohydrological predictions.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/ERKYO6esG1ZNh2z6Ztxtyk0BZHjAdvW-DUQLNTO1uhxikg?nav=eyJyZWZlcnJhbEluZm8iOnsicmVmZXJyYWxBcHAiOiJTdHJlYW1XZWJBcHAiLCJyZWZlcnJhbFZpZXciOiJTaGFyZURpYWxvZy1MaW5rIiwicmVmZXJyYWxBcHBQbGF0Zm9ybSI6IldlYiIsInJlZmVycmFsTW9kZSI6InZpZXcifX0%3D&e=R0N4z5"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Dr-Ing.NicoSneeuw.webp",Title:"Hydrogeodesy: Quantification of the water cycle using geodetic satellites",speakerName:"Prof. Dr-Ing. Nico Sneeuw",SeminarTitle:"Hydrogeodesy: Quantification of the water cycle using geodetic satellites",DateTime:"03 October 2024 (Thursday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Nico Sneeuw is the director and professor of Geodesy at the Institute of Geodesy, University of Stuttgart, Germany. He is also an Adjunct Professor at the University of Tehran, Iran. He studied Geodesy at the Faculty of Geodetic Engineering, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands, and then a PhD at the Faculty of Civil and Surveying Engineering, Technical University Munich, Germany. He has also worked as an Assistant professor at the Department of Geomatics Engineering, University of Calgary, Canada. He has ~34 years of experience in theory of Satellite Geodesy, Spaceborne gravimetry, hydrogeodesy and Geodetic Earth system science. He is a world leading expert on using Geodetic methods for studying the water cycle. He has published ~ 150 papers and book chapters. He is chair of a working group within Grman Surveyors Organization, president of the interCommission Committee on Theory of International Association of Geodesy and IAG executive board member. He is also a member of editorial board for several reputed Geodesy journal, such as Journal of Geodesy and Surveys in Geophysics. He is currently a member of ESA\u2019s Advisory Committee for Earth Observation.",Abstract:"The relatively new field of hydrogeodesy deals with the quantification of all kind of processes in the hydrological cycle using geodetic satellites and geodetic methods. In this seminar talk I will identify which storages and fluxes within the global water cycle can be observed through geodetic means. Two concrete examples will elucidate the hydrogeodetic research at the Institute of Geodesy at the University of Stuttgart. In the first example the runoff-storage relation will be characterized at the scale of large catchments, which is then used, together with satellite gravimetry, to predict runoff from the large and partially unobserved boreal catchments into the Arctic Ocean. The second example shows how to remediate the decline of the global set of discharge stations within the database of the Global Runoff Data Center (GRDC). Both satellite altimetry and optical remote sensing will be used to augment GRDC discharge time series that are interrupted or discontinued.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/EdUQNg6AiMRJskvd-Jm2veUBVDqttHk2pHt_ovempryHxQ?nav=eyJyZWZlcnJhbEluZm8iOnsicmVmZXJyYWxBcHAiOiJTdHJlYW1XZWJBcHAiLCJyZWZlcnJhbFZpZXciOiJTaGFyZURpYWxvZy1MaW5rIiwicmVmZXJyYWxBcHBQbGF0Zm9ybSI6IldlYiIsInJlZmVycmFsTW9kZSI6InZpZXcifX0%3D&e=3Pa6Av"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Jonathan_Bamber.webp",Title:"The emergence of satellite Geodesy as a game changing tool in climate science",speakerName:"Prof. Jonathan Bamber",SeminarTitle:"The emergence of satellite Geodesy as a game changing tool in climate science",DateTime:"02 September 2024 (Monday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Jonathan Bamber is a professor of glaciology and Earth Observation at, the University of Bristol and Technical University Munich, former Director of the Bristol Glaciology Centre and former president of the European Geosciences Union. He has a degree in physics and a PhD in geophysics. He has ~40 years of experience in the analysis of airborne & satellite data sets from the polar regions, specialising in combining these data with models of the Earth system. He is an expert on the ice sheets covering Antarctica and Greenland and their contribution to sea level. He has also worked extensively in the general field of geodesy, covering mapping of the surface topography of the Earth, sea level variations in time and space and measuring mass exchange between the land and oceans due to melting of land ice and the hydrological cycle and solid Earth deformation. He is currently a member of ESA\u2019s most high level advisory body the Advisory Committee for Earth Observation and a member of the European Space Science Committee.",Abstract:"Many consider the launch of GRACE as marking a landmark in satellite geodetic observations of critical climate processes. In reality, satellite geodesy has been advancing our understanding of climate-critical processes since at least the launch of Seasat in 1978, a mission that infamously only lasted 100 days but which transformed our ability to observe ocean circulation, mesoscale eddies and began the record of radar altimeter measurements over the ice sheets. Another milestone was the launch of ERS-1 in 1991, heralding the start of routine observations of millimetric-level surface displacements via SAR interferometry (InSAR), and unprecedented accuracy elevation measurements of the oceans and ice sheets. Here, I consider how this trinity of technological advances\u2014satellite gravimetry, radar and laser altimetry and InSAR\u2013 have revolutionised our understanding of mass movement at the surface of the Earth, focusing on recent insights we have made on data-driven solutions for Glacial Isostatic Adjustment, tackling the Terrestrial Water Storage budget Grand Challenge, global water stress trends, closing the Sea Level Budget at the basin scale and global ice mass trends. I will conclude by considering the future of satellite geodesy as a tool for climate science in the context of recent and planned missions such as NISAR, SWOT, Harmony and MAGIC.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/ETHony8sVkNJmScOXEHEbBMBjP7TPUnOvEwoiiGVYTjaSQ?nav=eyJyZWZlcnJhbEluZm8iOnsicmVmZXJyYWxBcHAiOiJTdHJlYW1XZWJBcHAiLCJyZWZlcnJhbFZpZXciOiJTaGFyZURpYWxvZy1MaW5rIiwicmVmZXJyYWxBcHBQbGF0Zm9ybSI6IldlYiIsInJlZmVycmFsTW9kZSI6InZpZXcifX0%3D&e=mOGZEL"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Mr.Ashish_Gupta.webp",Title:"The \u2018Idea\u2019 of Sustainability of AgriFood Systems \u2013 Sustainable Food Systems Platform for Natural Farming (SuSPNF)",speakerName:"Mr. Ashish Gupta",SeminarTitle:"The \u2018Idea\u2019 of Sustainability of AgriFood Systems \u2013 Sustainable Food Systems Platform for Natural Farming (SuSPNF)",DateTime:"02 August 2024 (Friday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Mr. Ashish Gupta is an AgriFood Systems expert, presently also the International Consultant for Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry mentoring the state-wide implementation of SuSPNF. He has also founded JaivikHaat a 16-year-old social enterprise based in Delhi which has connected over 3000 smallholder farmers to markets through various appropriate institutional mechanisms and networks. Previously he was also leading the Global Organic Academy at IFOAM-Organic International in Bonn, Germany undertaking capacity building for Organic Agriculture systems across 6 countries in Central Asia, Eastern Europe and Africa. Over the last 16 years, Mr. Ashish has also undertaken roles on the board of the Organic Farming Association of India (OFAI), IFOAM-Asia and PGS Organic Council. He is also a former member of the Organic Regulation Committee at FSSAI and the Participatory Guarantee System (PGS) with MoA&FW. Mr. Ashish is also the founding trustee of Gram Disha Trust ( www.gramdisha.org ) which undertakes collaborations with smallholder farmers and craftspersons in Rural Himachal Pradesh. Over the last 3 years, he has also represented as an expert committee member to develop curriculums for Natural Farming for public institutions in Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh for Natural Farming, additionally, also school curriculums for NCERT. Between 2000-2009 he was also an IT Professional and then switched to working with small farmers. More details about him are available at- https://www.linkedin.com/in/guptaji",Abstract:"AgriFood Systems are at risk today, not just from the availability per capita, but also appropriate availability. There is a global and local narrative around the aspect of \u2018Sustainability\u2019, in simple terms, if the AgriFood System can withstand multiple crises and yet last for the subsequent generations ahead. On one hand, the problem appears to be plenty, with more food retail booming in India, at large, and on the other where health crises are proportionate levels are also increasing. From an Urban perspective it all looks fine whereas in the rural areas there still exist challenges of equity and fairness to be resolved. Climate change exists or it does not- depending on perspectives, however, to a small farmer it is a matter of life-continuity be it through daily wages, remunerative returns from agriculture or the choice of abandoning it for other avenues. All such challenges are being addressed through an appropriate understanding of Sustainability in Agriculture built upon the production system based on Natural Farming. Innovation is the key where no such precedence exists to bring participatory social change with the government intervention in Himachal Pradesh. There are 3 infrastructures being designed to address the systemic issues of Sustainability (ecological, economic and social)- these are Institutional, Digital and Physical. Innovations in each of these infrastructure paves a way for system wide changes through appropriate market access for smallholder Natural Farmers. It is the first time such a platform is being put to execution in India, the outcome of SuSPNF shall also provide a future pathway for other such innovations to address the aspect of Sustainability in AgriFood Systems in India.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/ESe6lqhvmFZJlSuSkyy_PDsBbE4JbpZQiY6YdKc1lKQ5rg?nav=eyJyZWZlcnJhbEluZm8iOnsicmVmZXJyYWxBcHAiOiJPbmVEcml2ZUZvckJ1c2luZXNzIiwicmVmZXJyYWxBcHBQbGF0Zm9ybSI6IldlYiIsInJlZmVycmFsTW9kZSI6InZpZXciLCJyZWZlcnJhbFZpZXciOiJNeUZpbGVzTGlua0NvcHkifX0&e=CMc1sO&referrer=Outlook.Web&referrerScenario=email-linkwithembed"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Kanishka_Mallick.webp",Title:"Integrating Theory and Data Science with Thermal Remote Sensing for Advanced Modelling of Terrestrial Ecosystem Processes",speakerName:"Dr. Kanishka Mallick",SeminarTitle:"Integrating Theory and Data Science with Thermal Remote Sensing for Advanced Modelling of Terrestrial Ecosystem Processes",DateTime:"24 July 2024 (Wednesday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Kanishka Mallick is a Sr. Lead R&T Scientist at the Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, and he was recently promoted to Principal R&T Scientist. He was a postdoctoral fellow at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, from 2011 to 2013. Prior to that, he held a postdoctoral fellowship at Lancaster University from 2008 to 2011 on a NERC-funded programme and was a visiting scientist at Purdue University in 2010. He was awarded an International Mobility Fellowship by the Luxembourg National Research Fund from 2020 to 2023 to study ecosystem water cycle partitioning at the University of California, Berkeley. His research interests include investigating the interactions of water, energy, and carbon fluxes in the terrestrial ecosystems by integrating thermal and multispectral remote sensing information in both physically based models and statistical models. He has co-authored around 50 publications in peer reviewed journals and has received over 5 million Euros in research funding from various organizations. His models and methods are used operationally for global evaporation mapping at NASA, JPL. He is the science PI of European ECOSTRESS Hub funded by European Space Agency (ESA) for generating continental scale evapotranspiration (ET), land surface temperature (LST), and water stress products. His model is also integrated in operational evaporation product development chain for the upcoming Indo-French TRISHNA mission. In collaborating with colleagues at CESBIO-France and INRAE-France, he is supporting the preparation of operational ET algorithm of the TRISHNA mission that will be launched in 2027.",Abstract:"Terrestrial ecosystems cover approximately 148 million km\xb2, which is 29% of the Earth\u2019s surface. Their functioning is continuously altered due to the effects of global warming. It is critical to understand both the interaction and responses of vegetation to environmental changes and how these interactions influence the fluxes of water, energy, and carbon from ecosystems to the atmosphere. Central to these understandings are two significant ecosystem processes: evaporation and photosynthetic productivity (gross primary productivity). Existing approaches for modeling these processes are largely dominated by semi-empirical equations, many of which are over 50 years old. These models rely on a host of parameters and exhibit significant uncertainty in understanding ecosystem responses to water stress. Additionally, the global measurements through the eddy covariance network are inadequate to cover the vast land areas of the globe. Therefore, there is an ongoing emphasis on advancing our understanding of these processes from first principles and developing operational readiness for observing these processes from space data. At the Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), we have been working on a new principle of analytical modeling that integrates thermal remote sensing data into surface energy balance theory and vegetation optical data into photosynthetic light use efficiency theory. This approach is able to retrieve evaporation and GPP without the need for complex parameterization and empirical calibration. The genuine advantage of this approach lies in its simplicity, efficiency, operational potential from remote sensing mission data, and the additional information it provides on the biophysical attributes of ecosystems across different aridity settings. In this talk, I will present this family of approaches, demonstrate how the results appear, compare them with other methods, and discuss their global implementation. This will provide an opportunity to share our latest results on remote sensing of evaporation, GPP, and the impacts of water stress on these processes.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/EZDI_dFFFNZJkHxEjklz5mYBSxoCTM7qdQV0HJtzBdBJhw?nav=eyJyZWZlcnJhbEluZm8iOnsicmVmZXJyYWxBcHAiOiJPbmVEcml2ZUZvckJ1c2luZXNzIiwicmVmZXJyYWxBcHBQbGF0Zm9ybSI6IldlYiIsInJlZmVycmFsTW9kZSI6InZpZXciLCJyZWZlcnJhbFZpZXciOiJNeUZpbGVzTGlua0NvcHkifX0&e=ijqVto&referrer=Outlook.Web&referrerScenario=email-linkwithembed"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Venkataraman_Lakshmi.webp",Title:"A study of hydrological extremes from space",speakerName:"Prof. Venkataraman Lakshmi",SeminarTitle:"A study of hydrological extremes from space",DateTime:"14 June 2024 (Friday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Prof. Venkataraman Lakshmi graduated from the University of Roorkee in 1987 with a bachelor\u2019s degree in civil engineering and a Doctorate in Civil and Environmental Engineering in 1996 from Princeton. He worked at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center from 1996-1999 as a research scientist in the Laboratory for the Atmospheres. His areas of research interest are catchment hydrology, satellite data validation and assimilation, field experiments, land-atmosphere interactions, satellite data downscaling, vadose zone, and water resources. He is currently the John L Newcomb Professor of Engineering in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Virginia. He has served as Cox Visiting Professor at Stanford University 2006-2007 and 2015-2016 and Program Director for Hydrologic Sciences at the National Science Foundation (2017-2018). Prof. Venkat is a fellow of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Geological Society of America (GSA), American Society of Agronomy (ASA) and he has over 190 peer-reviewed articles and around 600 presentations and thesis supervisor for 25 graduate students. He is currently serving as editor for Vadose Zone Journal and the founding editor-in-chief of Remote Sensing in Earth System Science (Springer Journals). He has served on the National Academies Panel for the Decadal Survey of Earth Observations from Space (NASA) and as chair of the planning committee for Groundwater Recharge and Flow: Approaches and Challenges for Monitoring and Modeling Using Remotely Sensed Data (NGA). He is currently serving as a member of the Water Science and Technology Board, National Academy of Sciences and Vice-Chair of the Earth Science Advisory Committee for NASA. He is the President-Elect of the Hydrology Section of the American Geophysical Union.",Abstract:"Land surface hydrology is a collection of complex processes. The spatial variability both the land surface properties (soil and vegetation) as well as the meteorological inputs (precipitation and radiation) play an important role in hydrology. Satellite remote sensing has a broad spatial and repeat temporal view of the land surface and can provide observations for use in hydrology such as soil moisture, surface temperature, and vegetation density. The variability of the water cycle causes extremes such as droughts and floods and these have an impact on society. In addition, landslides and permafrost thaw are the two other hydrological extremes that impact society. In the past two decades with the advent of improved satellite sensors, modeling, and in-situ observations, quantification of the water cycle and its extremes has become possible. These satellite sensors include \u2013 microwave observations for soil moisture and precipitation; visible/near-infrared for vegetation and evapotranspiration, gravity for groundwater/total water, and thermal observations for surface temperature. In this talk, I will focus on using models, satellites, and in-situ observations for hydrological variability specifically as they relate to hydrological extremes.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/EX3foUubQVhDgJwGok9PReEBHCMcmjZU6HMR2zcUmwlkyw?nav=eyJyZWZlcnJhbEluZm8iOnsicmVmZXJyYWxBcHAiOiJTdHJlYW1XZWJBcHAiLCJyZWZlcnJhbFZpZXciOiJTaGFyZURpYWxvZy1MaW5rIiwicmVmZXJyYWxBcHBQbGF0Zm9ybSI6IldlYiIsInJlZmVycmFsTW9kZSI6InZpZXcifX0%3D&e=I6oz8m"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Brajesh_Dubey.webp",Title:"Circular Engineering Approaches in Environmental Management to Achieve UN-SDGs",speakerName:"Prof. Brajesh Kr. Dubey",SeminarTitle:"Circular Engineering Approaches in Environmental Management to Achieve UN-SDGs",DateTime:"27 May 2024 (Monday), 4:30 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Prof. Brajesh Kr. Dubey is a Professor of Resource Recovery and Circular Engineering in the Department of Civil Engineering and Chair of the School of Water Resources at IIT Kharagpur, India. He is a renowned expert in Circular Engineering, Waste/Resource Management, Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), and Decarbonization. His research is funded by organizations such as UNIDO, National Geographic Society, OECD, and others. Prior to his Ph.D., he worked for four years as a Civil/Environmental Engineer. Dr. Dubey has authored 185 journal papers, 4 edited books/conference proceedings, 35 book chapters, and 27 conference papers, with an H-index of 49 and over 8,900 citations on Google Scholar. He has given over 75 invited presentations worldwide. He serves on editorial boards for five journals and has participated in various professional committees, including the State Advisory Committee for Solid Waste Management in West Bengal, India, and the Organic Waste Facility Public Liaison Committee in Guelph, Ontario, Canada.",Abstract:"This presentation explores how a circular engineering (CE) approach in resource management can help achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs). The UN-SDGs\u2019 principles\u2014public health, environmental considerations, resource value, and economic development\u2014align with environmental management drivers. Thus, prioritizing a circular economy, especially post-COVID, is crucial. Challenges in policy, technology, and public engagement may impede this transition. Solutions include creating green jobs, formalizing stakeholder roles, and training informal workers. recovery infrastructure can address climate change, a key UN-SDG focus. CE-based designs and business models will extend product lifespans, reduce waste, and provide long-term benefits.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/EaWJ3plCiphBrT-LVB5cS7cBGyEvc4MWA0lMV_PuiER0aQ?nav=eyJyZWZlcnJhbEluZm8iOnsicmVmZXJyYWxBcHAiOiJPbmVEcml2ZUZvckJ1c2luZXNzIiwicmVmZXJyYWxBcHBQbGF0Zm9ybSI6IldlYiIsInJlZmVycmFsTW9kZSI6InZpZXciLCJyZWZlcnJhbFZpZXciOiJNeUZpbGVzTGlua0NvcHkifX0&e=zBG19S&referrer=Outlook.Web&referrerScenario=email-linkwithembed"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Solomon_Vimal.webp",Title:"Curating Robert E. Horton\u2019s Bibliography",speakerName:"Dr. Solomon Vimal",SeminarTitle:"Curating Robert E. Horton\u2019s Bibliography",DateTime:"13 May 2024 (Monday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Dr. Solomon Vimal currently holds the dual role of CEO at Geothara and Postdoc at Jacobs-Technion Institute, Cornell-Tech, NYC through the Runway Startup Postdoc Program. His primary mission revolves around developing an enterprise data science product aimed at enhancing security in water, energy, and climate (WEC) domains, with market interests in sustainable infrastructure design and risk management. Dr. Vimal completed his Ph.D. at the Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles, focusing on climate change impacts on Arctic lakes. His exceptional academic achievements include numerous fellowships, awards, and prizes, notably the Norman Medal from ASCE. With over 10 published papers and pending patents, he has demonstrated a commitment to geospatial data science. Dr. Vimal\u2019s extensive global education in hydrology, including three master\u2019s degrees and a bachelor\u2019s degree in civil engineering, underscores his expertise. Additionally, his contributions to hydrology, such as inventing algorithms for resilience and rediscovering a century-old evaporation estimation method, have advanced our understanding of land-atmosphere interactions.",Abstract:"Robert E. Horton (1875-1945) is regarded as the father of modern Hydrology for setting the field on a strong quantitative footing. While he published well over 200 works (papers, reports, and books), only about 80 of them have been listed in bibliographies until recently. His works are found scattered in several libraries and archives throughout the US. Our bibliography curation project, which began in 2018 nearly tripled the known list of Horton\u2019s publications from 80 to over 200. We are digitizing all of these works, as well as his unpublished works, letters and drafts, to make them openly available to hydrologists. A GenAI-enabled Horton bot will be created to seamlessly access all the material so that hydrologists can \u201cconsult\u201d with Horton on some of his fundamental contributions to hydrology. Noteworthy findings from our work includes Horton\u2019s correspondence with Theodore von Karman circa 1938, for a work that is part of a \u201cbluebook\u201d (similar to Peter Eagleson\u2019s 1991 report) where Horton lays out a comprehensive approach for runoff processes; a 1949 Hydrology textbook where Horton is not credited as co-author even though he spent 5 years of his time developing the book; a Hydrology handbook published posthumously in 1949, presumably the first of its kind, which may have inspired the classic Handbook of Hydrology by Ven te Chow (1962).",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/EcFJiP9in8hFs5VRbfCqnWwByqh_uJUOPIqayzriOranIA?nav=eyJyZWZlcnJhbEluZm8iOnsicmVmZXJyYWxBcHAiOiJPbmVEcml2ZUZvckJ1c2luZXNzIiwicmVmZXJyYWxBcHBQbGF0Zm9ybSI6IldlYiIsInJlZmVycmFsTW9kZSI6InZpZXciLCJyZWZlcnJhbFZpZXciOiJNeUZpbGVzTGlua0NvcHkifX0&e=BjkQNu&referrer=Outlook.Web&referrerScenario=email-linkwithembed"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Ashish_Sharma.webp",Title:"Can Spectrally Transformed CMIP6 Decadal Projections Improve Interannual Rainfall Forecasts?",speakerName:"Prof. Ashish Sharma",SeminarTitle:"Can Spectrally Transformed CMIP6 Decadal Projections Improve Interannual Rainfall Forecasts?",DateTime:"08 April 2024 (Monday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Ashish is a Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. He is an engineering hydrologist interested in problems involving hydrological uncertainty. Much of his research has focused on the impact of climate change and variability on hydrological practice, along with applications related to remote sensing, formulating stochastic approaches, developing hydrological models, and the two big hydrology bread-and-butter problems- design flood estimation + water resources management. Ashish has served as the President of the IAHS Commission on Statistical Hydrology and continued to serve as the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Hydrology-X, newly transformed to offer \u201cLetter\u201d contributions of broad international and methodological interest.",Abstract:"Can CMIP6 decadal projections be effective for multi-decadal water resources planning? This is the underlying question that motivates the present research, investigating what are the key deficiencies that limit their direct use for applications, and whether cleverly formulated mathematical alternatives can be used as effective postprocessors. This study focuses on the development of a robust framework for predicting droughts over interannual to decadal scales to enhance water resource management. The proposed framework adopts the Wavelet System Prediction (WASP) methodology, which transforms the spectral attributes inherent to climate indices to improve the skill of drought forecasts. Further improvement in forecasting capability is achieved through a Hierarchical Linear Combination (HLC) logic, which incorporates forecasts from ten climate indices that are obtained from CMIP6 decadal projections. These indices, including ENSO-related sea surface temperature anomalies and other climate drivers closely linked to Australian rainfall, are derived from decadal predictions of the Decadal Climate Prediction Project (DCPP). The results of projected drought indices across various scales in Australia demonstrate the substantial potential of the integrated HLC-WASP framework to significantly improve the forecast skills of medium to long-term drought scenarios. It must be noted that the underpinning reason for the improvement here is not an enhancement of the dynamical forecasts, but a spectral modulation of their future simulations to define a new set of climate indices that are \u201coptimal\u201d for use in a forecasting context. In other words, wherever empirical forecasts are needed, the spectral transformation used here will redefine system predictors to maximize forecast quality to the extent that is mathematically possible.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/krishnakp_iisc_ac_in/EWyu1EYy3KBOnSkJqVsfzSoBVWOysiChaaV9iczGsmL9UA?e=iDvqq8&nav=eyJyZWZlcnJhbEluZm8iOnsicmVmZXJyYWxBcHAiOiJTdHJlYW1XZWJBcHAiLCJyZWZlcnJhbFZpZXciOiJTaGFyZURpYWxvZy1MaW5rIiwicmVmZXJyYWxBcHBQbGF0Zm9ybSI6IldlYiIsInJlZmVycmFsTW9kZSI6InZpZXcifX0%3D"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Brijesh_Yadav.webp",Title:"Management of soil-water pollution using in-situ remediation and advanced monitoring methods",speakerName:"Prof. Brijesh Kumar Yadav",SeminarTitle:"Management of soil-water pollution using in-situ remediation and advanced monitoring methods",DateTime:"15 March 2024 (Friday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Prof. Brijesh K Yadav is the Head of the Hydrology Department at the Indian Institute of Hydrology (IIT) Roorkee, and a Joint Faculty at the International Centre of Excellence for Dams (ICED), IIT Roorkee. He holds an MTech in Water Resources from IIT Delhi and completed his PhD from IIT Delhi and UNESCO-IHE Delft in 2008. Prof. Yadav has been honored with the \u2018Ramanujan Fellow\u2019 award by the Government of India and has received postdoctoral fellowships from the University of California Davis (USA) and Utrecht University (Netherlands). His research focuses on groundwater management, flow and solute transport through the subsurface, phytoremediation, and bioremediation of polluted sites, managed aquifer recharge, seawater intrusion, and CO2 geo-sequestration. He has published over 80 peer-reviewed journal and book articles and presented at more than 60 national and international gatherings. Prof. Yadav is the Secretary General and Fellow of the Association of Global Groundwater Scientists (AGGS) and serves on editorial boards, as an associate editor, and editor of five reputed journals. He has mentored postdoctoral researchers and fellows, supervised PhD scholars and MTech dissertations, and managed international and national research/consultancy projects. Prof. Yadav has organized international conferences, symposiums, and workshops, including the International Groundwater Conferences and the Roorkee Water Conclave. He has also coordinated numerous training courses/workshops and received recognition as an outstanding PG teacher at IIT Roorkee. Additionally, he chairs the \u201cExpert Committee on Groundwater\u201d of Sikkim and has served on various technical committees related to soil-water resources management.",Abstract:"Soil-water pollution from hydrocarbons and heavy metals, caused by both human activities and natural sources, is a growing concern. Efficient remediation techniques and monitoring systems are required to address this issue. In-situ remediation techniques offer a more sustainable and economical solution by treating a mixture of contaminants directly in place. This talk discusses the principles and applications of in-situ bioremediation methods and Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRBs), along with advanced monitoring methods. Engineered bioremediation techniques were studied for land sites polluted with hydrocarbons, and an in-situ PRB system was used to treat groundwater polluted with arsenic, as demonstrated through practical experiments. A comparative assessment of various bioremediation techniques (such as Biostimulation, bioaugmentation, phytoremediation, and natural biodegradation) was conducted to evaluate their biodegradation rate, lag phase duration, and total degradation time for hydrocarbons. These treatment techniques were then applied in the field to improve the soil and water quality of problematic sites in India. Similarly, in-situ remediation of arsenic-contaminated groundwater was investigated using a well-integrated PRB system. The findings of this research can enhance the practical application of novel, well-integrated PRB systems along with these composites for arsenic remediation. The importance of bio-monitoring, along with conventional physico-chemical monitoring techniques, is discussed in last for the better management of polluted sites. Overall, implementing in-situ remediation with cutting-edge monitoring techniques is a viable strategy for controlling (sub)-surface water and soil contamination, providing long-term solutions that protect public health and the environment.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/rajarshidb_iisc_ac_in/Ecb0Mmb-NLJFqZTdSBDmnnMBECoPUZ-kgwMpebZkByvVXA?nav=eyJyZWZlcnJhbEluZm8iOnsicmVmZXJyYWxBcHAiOiJTdHJlYW1XZWJBcHAiLCJyZWZlcnJhbFZpZXciOiJTaGFyZURpYWxvZy1MaW5rIiwicmVmZXJyYWxBcHBQbGF0Zm9ybSI6IldlYiIsInJlZmVycmFsTW9kZSI6InZpZXcifX0%3D&e=JYAE4b"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Rajagopalan_Balaji.webp",Title:"The Once and Future Variability of Colorado River Water Resources",speakerName:"Prof. Rajagopalan Balaji",SeminarTitle:"The Once and Future Variability of Colorado River Water Resources",DateTime:"12 February 2024 (Monday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Professor Rajagopalan Balaji is a Professor in the Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering (CEAE) and a Fellow of the Cooperative Institute of Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), CU Boulder. He is the former Chair of the Department during 2014\u2013 2022. He pursues research in diverse interdisciplinary areas spanning\u2013 hydro-climatology, water resources management, Indian summer monsoon, paleoclimate, and stochastic hydrology. In addition, large-scale statistical analysis and modeling for applications to water and wastewater quality, construction safety, building energy efficiency, and others. He publishes widely in leading and prestigious peer-reviewed journals. He was elected Fellow, of the American Geophysical Union, in 2018, of the American Society of Civil Engineers, and awarded the Fulbright-Kalam Climate Fellowship in 2023, all prestigious honors.",Abstract:"Now serving over 40 million people and irrigating roughly 5 million acres of land over seven western US states and Mexico, reliance on Colorado River water has never been greater, paradoxically at a time when its annual flow has been low and unreliable due to the ongoing two decades long \u2018millennial drought\u2019. As a result, two large reservoirs that can hold four times the annual average flow, are at their historical lows, stressing the water resources to crisis level. This will only be exacerbated by a future warming climate in which such droughts are projected to be frequent. Thus, leading the Colorado River to be designated, in 2022, America\u2019s most endangered river. The management of water resources via complex decrees and agreements, the \u2018law of the river\u2019, is struggling to help the stakeholders manage the water resources efficiently during this severe and sustained drought. To enable sustainable water resources in the future, a systematic understanding and modeling of past, current, and future variability is crucial. For, the past is prologue. This understanding will provide an informed judgment for stakeholders and decision-makers to debate options and enable robust decisions. This talk will provide an overview of the current understanding of the once and future variability of flows along with emerging models for flow simulation and projections for water resources management.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/krishnakp_iisc_ac_in/EY67XoUr-Y5NqzHV1ipO7J0Br1R5at8yz6e12f1_i1dy5Q?nav=eyJyZWZlcnJhbEluZm8iOnsicmVmZXJyYWxBcHAiOiJPbmVEcml2ZUZvckJ1c2luZXNzIiwicmVmZXJyYWxBcHBQbGF0Zm9ybSI6IldlYiIsInJlZmVycmFsTW9kZSI6InZpZXciLCJyZWZlcnJhbFZpZXciOiJNeUZpbGVzTGlua0NvcHkifX0&e=y40E0Y"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Shruthi_Hegde.webp",Title:"Electrochemical Detection of Pollutants in Water and Air",speakerName:"Dr. Shruti Hegde",SeminarTitle:"Electrochemical Detection of Pollutants in Water and Air",DateTime:"04 January 2024 (Thursday), 02:30 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Shruti Hegde received her PhD (Chemical Engineering) from the University of Utah, USA. Currently, she is working as a Postdoctoral Research Associate at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah. Her primary research focuses on developing low-cost electrochemical sensing methods for air and water pollutant monitoring. She has over ten publications in the above area of research. She currently works on electrochemical detection of toxic metals and biological pathogens in water and serum to develop a device for use in environmental and health applications. She has also worked on developing low-cost nano sensors to detect volatile organic gases for monitoring indoor and outdoor air quality.",Abstract:"Access to clean fresh water is vital for human survival and contamination of freshwater sources, including groundwater and surface water, can cause adverse health effects. Heavy metal contamination in drinking water is unsafe and can cause various human diseases. Similarly, toxins released from pathogens like bacteria and viruses are among the most commonly found contaminants in water, leading to prevalent waterborne diseases. There is a need for rapid, cost-effective detection of the toxins in water. Spectrometry techniques for the detection of heavy metals show good sensitivity and low limits of detection but are difficult to handle and have high operation costs. Polymerase chain reaction and enzyme immunoassay techniques are the gold standard for pathogen detection. However, these methods require several complicated processing steps and expensive instrumentation, which makes these methods unsuitable for use in point-of-use systems. This talk will highlight how electrochemical biosensors are a practical solution for monitoring water quality parameters. Industrial facilities and chemical plants are significant sources of fugitive volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, and there is a need for cost-effective methods of screening these emissions. This talk will also highlight the results from a low-cost and rapid sensing system comprising an electrochemically anodized TiO2 nanotube-based sensor array to detect benzene, toluene, and ethanol at room temperature.",link:[""]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Teertha_Banerjee.webp",Title:"A micrometeorological perspective into wildland fire dynamics",speakerName:"Dr. Tirtha Banerjee",SeminarTitle:"A micrometeorological perspective into wildland fire dynamics",DateTime:"27 December 2023 (Wednesday), 10:30 AM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Dr. Tirtha Banerjee is an Associate Professor at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine. He received his B.E. degree in Civil Engineering from Jadavpur University (Calcutta, India) in 2011 and his Ph.D. in Environmental Science from Duke University (Durham, NC, USA) in 2015. After conducting postdoctoral research at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in Germany and Los Alamos National Lab (NM, USA) as a Chick Keller Postdoctoral Fellow in climate science and subsequently, as a Director\u2019s Fellow in atmospheric sciences, he joined UC Irvine in the fall of 2019, where he was an Assistant Professor till the fall of 2023. Research in the Boundary Layers and Turbulence (BLT) Lab led by Prof. Banerjee involves environmental fluid mechanics, biosphere-atmosphere interaction, and wildland fires using a range of theoretical, numerical, and experimental techniques. He was recently awarded the NSF CAREER Award to conduct research on the role of turbulent fluid dynamics in wildland fire behavior. He currently serves as an Associate Editor for the Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology (AMS), and Earth Systems and Environment (Springer); as an Editor for Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (Elsevier); as well as an Editorial board member for Scientific Reports (Nature). Prof. Banerjee also serves on the Science Advisory Panel of the Fire and Forest Resilience Task Force in the State of California and was recently Elected Vice-President of the Coupled Land-Atmosphere Systems (ICCLAS) Commission of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS).",Abstract:" Fire suppression activities in the past few decades in North America have led to higher fuel accumulations, which coupled with shifting hydroclimatic patterns has led to an increase in frequency and severity of wildland fires. Prescribed fires and fuel treatments such as mechanical thinning are deemed to be effective tools to manage fuel loads and establish a higher degree of control over landscape management and restoration against catastrophic megafires. However, assessing the effectiveness of fuel treatments is rendered complicated due to several factors such as wind, fuel moisture, and fire-atmospheric interactions at the fine scales. The present work explores these issues by using physics-based simulations and data analysis from novel experiments while varying the degrees of fuel treatments and fuel moisture, as observed during different stages of fuel management. Systematically varying these parameters yield widely different fire behavior patterns. Detailed analyses on turbulent heat and energy exchange are conducted to understand the fundamental processes governing varying regimes of fire intensity, fire spread, ember transport, and fuel consumption under different conditions of fuel moisture and treatment. The conclusions are generalized to highlight the importance of considering vegetation response to hydrometeorological events, coupled with fine-scale fire-atmosphere interactions while managing wildland fire behavior. On the other hand, wildland fires themselves are characterized by their own weather which is driven by both shear and buoyancy-driven turbulence. They also act as a local source for scalars, namely greenhouse gases (such as carbon dioxide and water) and soot particles as resultants of the ignition process. In this talk, we will explore the complex turbulent dynamics of wildfire propagation using the tools of micrometeorology. Insights into the energetics of turbulent exchange processes during fire propagation will lead to a better understanding and improved models for wildland fire behavior.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/EYB78zX-yoxPuJBVoEOk9kgBB7g8eAkcaYPcLdzZPUnfgQ?nav=eyJyZWZlcnJhbEluZm8iOnsicmVmZXJyYWxBcHAiOiJPbmVEcml2ZUZvckJ1c2luZXNzIiwicmVmZXJyYWxBcHBQbGF0Zm9ybSI6IldlYiIsInJlZmVycmFsTW9kZSI6InZpZXciLCJyZWZlcnJhbFZpZXciOiJNeUZpbGVzTGlua0NvcHkifX0&e=f4gkfM"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Surendra_Adhikari.webp",Title:"Melting Ice, Rising Oceans: A Peek into the Future based on Current Knowledge",speakerName:"Dr. Surendra Adhikari",SeminarTitle:"Melting Ice, Rising Oceans: A Peek into the Future based on Current Knowledge",DateTime:"03 November 2023 (Friday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Surendra Adhikari is an Earth and space scientist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. Dr. Adhikari holds a Ph.D. in theoretical glaciology and a master\u2019s degree in engineering geology. His general research interests lie in the intersection between climate science and solid Earth geophysics. Currently, he focuses on understanding the Earth\u2019s surface and interior mass transport processes and their manifestation in terms of Earth\u2019s gravitational, rotational, and deformational changes. Dr. Adhikari is a member of the NASA Sea-level Change Team, Solid Earth Team, and GRACE/-FO Science Team. He has received several early career awards, including a NASA Public Achievement Medal and an AGU John Wahr Award.",Abstract:" Significant uncertainty in sea level projections stems from poorly understood evolution processes of polar ice sheets. The recent IPCC report states that a more than 15 m global mean sea-level rise cannot be discarded under high emission scenarios by 2300, mainly owing to instability processes associated with the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. In this presentation, I review current knowledge of ice sheet dynamics, instability processes, and feedback mechanisms involving oceans, atmosphere, and solid Earth. While constraining individual processes is critical, I argue that a system modeling approach is essential for improved projections of the polar ice sheets and global and regional sea levels.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/EYB78zX-yoxPuJBVoEOk9kgBB7g8eAkcaYPcLdzZPUnfgQ?nav=eyJyZWZlcnJhbEluZm8iOnsicmVmZXJyYWxBcHAiOiJPbmVEcml2ZUZvckJ1c2luZXNzIiwicmVmZXJyYWxBcHBQbGF0Zm9ybSI6IldlYiIsInJlZmVycmFsTW9kZSI6InZpZXciLCJyZWZlcnJhbFZpZXciOiJNeUZpbGVzTGlua0NvcHkifX0&e=MMhelz"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/BNGoswami.webp",Title:"Revisiting the Length of the Monsoon Rainy Season (LRS) over Northeast India (NEI)",speakerName:"Prof. B. N. Goswami",SeminarTitle:"Revisiting the Length of the Monsoon Rainy Season (LRS) over Northeast India (NEI)",DateTime:"20 October 2023 (Friday), 10:00 AM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Prof. Goswami did his pre-university in 1966 and B.Sc. from Cotton College in 1969 and master\u2019s in physics from Gauhati University in 1971. He did his Ph.D in Plasma Physics from PRL, Ahmedabad in 1976 and a two-year postdoc with Prof. Jule Charney, a.k.a the \u2018Father of modern Meteorology\u2019 at the MIT and a 3-year postdoc at the NASA/GSFC on monsoon modelling. He then joined IISc, Bengaluru from 1985 to 2006, becoming Professor and Chair of the Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Science (CAOS). He then moved to the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune in 2006 and then lead the Indian Monsoon Mission Program to uplift Indian weather and climate prediction capability to be one of the best of the world. He has served on many National and International Committees and has been Visiting Research Faculty at the Princeton University and Maryland University. He has been Members of many National and International Committees and has several Awards to his name such as Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award, 1995, K.R. Ramanathan Prize by Indian National Science Academy, 2008, Fellow, The World Academy of Sciences, Fellow, Indian Academy of Sciences, Fellow, Indian National Science Academy, Fellow, National Academy of Sciences, India, Fellow, Indian Meteorological Society, National Award in Atmospheric Science and Technology, 2014 by the Ministry of Earth Sciences, K. R. Ramanathan Medal, Indian Geophysical Union, 2014, Life Time Achievement Award in Science and Technology by Government of Assam, 2018, SERB Distinguished Fellow Award, Department of Science and Technology, Govt. India, (2018-2023) and many more.",Abstract:"An iconic feature of the Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR), a longer than June-September rainy season over the Northeast India (NEI) while a much shorter one over the northwest India is expected to be altered by climate change but an objective definition of the length of the monsoon rainy season (LRS) over the NEI is lacking. While the May rainfall over the NEI is larger than June rainfall over central India (CI), the Onset of monsoon over NEI is considered to take place by June 5 by IMD. Here, defining the LRS objectively over NEI, we show that that climatological onset over NEI takes place around 18th May and withdrawal around 15th October making the length of the rainy season ~155 days. We further show that the El Ni\xf1o and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a primary driver of LRS while rainfall during LRS is poorly correlated with the ENSO. We also provide compelling evidence to establish that May rainfall is \u2018monsoon rainfall\u2019 and not \u2018pre-monsoon\u2019 rainfall as assumed by the community so far. Inclusion of May rainfall over NEI in the seasonal rainfall of All India monsoon rainfall has important implications on variability and predictability of India monsoon rainfall. In contrast to a significant decreasing trend of LRS and LRS-rainfall during the historical period, the projected LRS under SSP5-8.5 scenario continues to decrease while the LRS-rainfall acquires a significant increasing trend over NEI. A significant increase in impact of hydrological disasters is expected over NEI in future due to increasing intensity and frequency of extreme rain-events within a shorter rainy-season.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/EU4zR-C_rCZIrglv041hzO8BGpuFn3KsilZMDYOVUqjRpg?nav=eyJyZWZlcnJhbEluZm8iOnsicmVmZXJyYWxBcHAiOiJPbmVEcml2ZUZvckJ1c2luZXNzIiwicmVmZXJyYWxBcHBQbGF0Zm9ybSI6IldlYiIsInJlZmVycmFsTW9kZSI6InZpZXciLCJyZWZlcnJhbFZpZXciOiJNeUZpbGVzTGlua0RpcmVjdCJ9fQ&e=mzKaxm"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Lakshmivarahan.webp",Title:"Dynamic Data Assimilation \u2013 overview",speakerName:"Prof. S. Lakshmivarahan",SeminarTitle:"Dynamic Data Assimilation \u2013 overview",DateTime:"23 August 2023 (Wednesday), 5:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"After completing his PhD from the Indian Institute of Science in 1973, S. Lakshmivarahan held faculty and post-doctoral positions at the IIT-Madras, Brown and Yale Universities through 1978. In the Fall of 1978, he joined the School of Computer Science, University of Oklahoma (OU) where he held the position of George Lynn Cross (GLC) Research Professor since 1995. Since July 2019, he holds the position of GLC Research Professor Emeritus at OU. His research interests are in Applied Mathematics and Computation and includes Data Mining and Analytics, Data Assimilation, Computational Finance, Parallel Computation and Learning Algorithms. He is author/coauthor of six books in these areas. Two of his books \u2013 \u201cDynamic Data Assimilation: a least squares approach\u201d Cambridge University Press, 2006 and \u201cForecast Error Correction using Dynamic Data Assimilation, Springer, 2017 together cover all aspects of the theory and applications of Data Assimilation in Science and Engineering. He was elected as a Fellow of the IEEE in 1993 and a Fellow of ACM in 1995. He has held short-term visiting positions at Centers of Higher Learning in Japan, China, Taiwan, India, Germany, England, Mexico, Brazil, Canada, and USA.",Abstract:" There is a steady shift away from the analog model building and upward scaling analysis towards mathematical/digital representation of the physical processes \u2013 called digital twin, that captures most if not, all aspects of the process in question. While models represent our perceptions and are abstractions of reality, the actual observations of physical processes (modulo the measurement noise) represent reality. The mathematical process of bridging the gap between the model and the observation has come to be known as Data Assimilation. Using a simple example, this talk will bring out the benefits of data assimilation in improving the quality of forecast products. An overview of various methods for dynamic data assimilation will be provided.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/EWXEx0UILKlFkQVVi4gCRKIBKGk8QjdD0V1y7j-HSIvSJQ?nav=eyJyZWZlcnJhbEluZm8iOnsicmVmZXJyYWxBcHAiOiJPbmVEcml2ZUZvckJ1c2luZXNzIiwicmVmZXJyYWxBcHBQbGF0Zm9ybSI6IldlYiIsInJlZmVycmFsTW9kZSI6InZpZXciLCJyZWZlcnJhbFZpZXciOiJNeUZpbGVzTGlua0RpcmVjdCJ9fQ&e=4fCYfC"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.-Gilles-Boulet.webp",Title:"High resolution remote sensing data in eco-agro-hydrology: opportunities in the context of the CNES/ISRO TRISHNA mission",speakerName:"Dr. Gilles Boulet",SeminarTitle:"High resolution remote sensing data in eco-agro-hydrology: opportunities in the context of the CNES/ISRO TRISHNA mission",DateTime:"27 July 2023 (Thursday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Dr. Gilles Boulet is an IRD Senior Scientist affiliated with the CESBIO lab in Toulouse (https://www.cesbio.cnrs.fr/) and currently deputed at the Indo-French Cell for Water Science at the Indian Institute of Science. He leads the Ecosystem Stress Group of the TRISHNA CNES/ISRO Thermal InfraRed mission proposal on the French side and is the PI of several research projects sponsored by the french space agency CNES as well as the french national funding body ANR to develop and evaluate evapotranspiration products based on remote sensing data. His interests lie in water fluxes and variables retrieval from TIR data, land surface modeling and Data Assimilation. He has more than 30 years of experience in field experiments and research developments designed for semi-arid water resources sustainable management and currently leads one of the two CESBIO research teams entitled \u201cModeling and remote sensing of land surface processes\u201d. He is also the Secretary of the Remote Sensing commission of IAHS. ",Abstract:" In his talk, he will address what and how land surface water variables and fluxes can be retrieved from high resolution remote sensing data with current and future platforms such as TRISHNA, SBG or LSTM. This will be put in perspective with key questions such as the sustainable management of water resources at local an regional scales and the fire and drought risk assessment. He will bring also some concrete elements on the TRISHNA evapotranspiration and water stress products definition and algorithms, as well as the current and future corresponding cal/val activities.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/Eck7dLxY6n5PnwR5AFwYUJwBnsx6vp4DOuDhOQYvOxMzUg?nav=eyJyZWZlcnJhbEluZm8iOnsicmVmZXJyYWxBcHAiOiJPbmVEcml2ZUZvckJ1c2luZXNzIiwicmVmZXJyYWxBcHBQbGF0Zm9ybSI6IldlYiIsInJlZmVycmFsTW9kZSI6InZpZXciLCJyZWZlcnJhbFZpZXciOiJNeUZpbGVzTGlua0RpcmVjdCJ9fQ&e=VXqawM"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Jasmeet-Judge.webp",Title:"Microwave and VIR remote sensing for soil moisture and crop phenology using AI",speakerName:" Dr. Jasmeet Judge",SeminarTitle:"Microwave and VIR remote sensing for soil moisture and crop phenology using AI",DateTime:"08 June 2023 (Thursday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Jasmeet Judge is a Professor in the Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department at the University of Florida, where she is also the Director of the Center for Remote Sensing. She received the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering and atmospheric, oceanic, and space sciences from the University of Michigan. Her expertise includes microwave remote-sensing applications to terrestrial hydrology for agricultural regions; machine learning methods for spatio-temporal scaling and data-model fusion. She has led many field experiments with active and passive microwave sensors to develop/improve remote sensing, crop growth, hydrology, and AI algorithms. She has been awarded NASA Group Achievement Awards for interdisciplinary field campaigns. She has been active in advocating for the protection of the EM spectrum for passive scientific use from radiofrequency interference as the past Chair of the National Academe\u2019s Committee on Radio Frequency. She is a Senior Member of the IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society, where for the past 2.5 decades she has served in many roles.",Abstract:"Space-borne sensors provide global information for many valuable applications including agriculture and hydrology. New sensors and technological advances continue to improve spatial and temporal resolutions, further enhancing its value. This seminar will include two research projects conducted at the Center for Remote Sensing: the first, spatio-temporal scaling of microwave observations for soil moisture studies using AI. In this project, data-driven machine learning methods are used to merge data at microwave and other wavelengths to obtain high resolution soil moisture in agricultural regions. In the second project, remotely sensed VIR observations are integrated with physics-guided machine learning for estimating in-season crop phenology.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/EevECUayCpVMmPQvQRJAGfEBN3yjM52iPhoYtxIGOzINBw?e=ekQIIE"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Murray-Peel-2017.webp",Title:"Recent results from investigating annual rainfall-runoff relationship changes during the Millennium Drought in south-eastern Australia",speakerName:"Dr. Murray Peel",SeminarTitle:"Recent results from investigating annual rainfall-runoff relationship changes during the Millennium Drought in south-eastern Australia",DateTime:"29 May 2023 (Monday), 11:00 AM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Dr Murray Peel is a Senior Lecturer and ARC Future Fellow in the Department of Infrastructure Engineering at the University of Melbourne. He has a Ph.D. (Geography) and BSc (Hons) from the University of Melbourne. His research interests include catchment hydrology; hydro-climatology; understanding the drivers of interannual variability of annual precipitation and runoff around the world; understanding and modelling the hydrologic impacts of land use change; understanding and modelling the hydrologic impacts of climate change and the uncertainty around those projections; improving hydrologic modelling under changing conditions; and drawing hydro-climatology insights from palaeoclimatology information. His research and consulting activities have produced over 120 publications, including 86 articles in international journals and 9book chapters.",Abstract:"The Millennium Drought in south-eastern Australia (1997-2009 ) was a 13-year extended dry period during which unusual catchment responses were observed. In just over half of the catchments investigated a statistically significant downward shift in long-term annual rainfall-runoff relationship was observed. In those shifted catchments, a given amount of rainfall resulted in less runoff than expected during the drought. Furthermore, later research demonstrated that many of the shifted catchments had not recovered several years after the drought ended and they were still producing less runoff than expected. Here I present a summary of recent results from our investigations into shifted rainfall-runoff relationships and modelling of runoff during the Millennium Drought. The Millennium Drought is an observed case study of a prolonged dry period, potentially indicative of future conditions in south-eastern Australia, which has significant implications for long-term streamflow behavior and modelling of climate change runoff projections.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/EZH6K8Dt1uxGvFJBnQ3LcDEBOY-qJbCGGcoATYUB1ZD45w?e=qO7DUP"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/eleanor-blyth.webp",Title:"How the land resonates with the atmosphere: a manifesto for complexity in land models",speakerName:"Dr. Eleanor Blyth",SeminarTitle:"How the land resonates with the atmosphere: a manifesto for complexity in land models",DateTime:"24 April 2023 (Monday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"With over 30 years of academic research and land-surface model development at the UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology in Wallingford. Eleanor\u2019s scientific expertise is the role of the land surface in climate, meteorology and hydrology, with specialist expertise in Evapotranspiration and Land-Atmosphere Interactions. She has a particular interest in the complex interactions of ecology and hydrology and the role of this interaction in regional carbon budgets of the region. She is known for developing understanding of the physics of land surface models. Especially, the 3 components of evapotranspiration: interception, transpiration and bare soil evaporation using observations and models and for innovative methods for evaluating Land-Atmosphere models.",Abstract:"The land system responds to changes and drivers from the atmosphere in different ways around the planet. This is true of both the water and energy system as well as the carbon system. In this talk, we explore how this change can affect the weather and climate system and what that means in terms of how complex our models need to be.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/EbcayfApb-JGi9nLqxk_zZIBEVG_8y4v0ivLyn-XjjFn3g?e=17RlD9"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/axel-kleidon.webp",Title:"Working at the limit: How thermodynamics shapes the Earth system",speakerName:"Dr. Axel Kleidon",SeminarTitle:"Working at the limit: How thermodynamics shapes the Earth system",DateTime:"30 March 2023 (Thursday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Axel Kleidon studied physics and meteorology at the University of Hamburg and Purdue University, Indiana, USA. He received his doctorate in 1998 from the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology on the influence of deep-rooted vegetation on the climate system. He subsequently conducted research at Stanford University in California and at the University of Maryland. Since 2006, he has led the independent research group \u201cTheory and Modeling of the Biosphere\u201d at the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry in Jena, Germany. His research interests range from the thermodynamics of the Earth system to the natural limits of renewable energy sources.",Abstract:"Earth system processes perform work to maintain motion, cycles and metabolisms \u2013 an aspect that is not commonly considered. In this talk I will show how thermodynamics plays a central role in the Earth system, determining how and how much work can be extracted from sunlight. Work, in turn, is a major constraint on dynamics, from atmospheric motion to hydrologic cycling and the global biosphere. I show that by maximizing work we can describe highly complex Earth system processes in a relatively simple way. I use examples from the atmospheric circulation, hydrology and terrestrial ecosystems to illustrate this approach and its utility for Earth system science.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/abhinavw_iisc_ac_in/EVggnisX4IJMs519-a1UTN0B6zmNrnxD5q-1TQbZ3gkK5g"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/yashavanth-kumar.webp",Title:"Food Safety Standard Authority India Rules and Regulations for Packaged Drinking water",speakerName:"Dr. Yashavanth Kumar GS",SeminarTitle:"Food Safety Standard Authority India Rules and Regulations for Packaged Drinking water",DateTime:"28 February 2023 (Tuesday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Dr. Yashavanth Kumar G S is the Chief Chemist at the Central Chemical Lab, Bengaluru. He is a passionate communicator on the Food Safety and Standard act and Food Adulteration Concepts. He has published more than 13 Research articles in reputed peer-reviewed journals and presented research papers in various national/international conference proceedings. He was awarded the Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship (2009-13) from University Grant Commission (UGC), New Delhi. He has a Ph.D in Chemistry (2014) from Kuvempu University, and has collaborations with IISc Bengaluru. His research interests are Nanotechnology, Solar Cells and Food Chemistry.",Abstract:"Packaged drinking water is both a need and a necessity in a country like India where most of the freshwater resources have a high contamination levels. We all are aware of multiple brands providing packaged drinking water, but are they following some standards and what are they? In this talk the regulations on packaged drinking water by the Food Safety Standard Authority of India (FSSI) will be discussed. More specifically: What are FSSI rules and regulations, how it works. Guidelines for packaged drinking water and what are the water quality parameters. FSSAI amended certain conditions for packaged drinking water. What are they?",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/Eez4rJXJtptBrZyYOLDs6xQBHpPcLghxPuZOWvLn0RJyMw"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/rao-govindaraju.webp",Title:"Contending with Uncertainty in Hydrologic Experiments Across Scales",speakerName:"Dr. Rao S. Govindaraju",SeminarTitle:"Contending with Uncertainty in Hydrologic Experiments Across Scales",DateTime:"19 January 2023 (Thursday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Rao S. Govindaraju is the Bowen Engineering Head and the Christopher B. and Susan S. Burke Professor in the School of Civil Engineering at Purdue University. He earned his PhD in civil engineering from the University of California, Davis, in 1989. His primary areas of research include surface and subsurface hydrology, contaminant transport, watershed hydrology, and climatic influences. He is interested in developing algorithms for analyzing and learning from hydrologic data. He specializes in problems dealing with uncertainty and spatial variability. His research work has been supported by various agencies such as NSF, EPA, DOD, and DOE. He has chaired national level committees, served on the editorial boards of several journals, and served as the President of American Institute of Hydrology (2017-2018).",Abstract:"Hydrologic modeling efforts have to contend with several types of uncertainties. Measurement uncertainties exist because of errors in measurements of state variables, while structural uncertainties result from errors in the mathematical representation of hydrologic processes. Further, parametric uncertainties arise from both measurement and structural uncertainties, and because of limited information in the available data. Despite its ubiquitous nature, uncertainty quantification is not addressed often because of (i) lack of good algorithms, and (ii) inability to separate the various forms of uncertainty through calibration exercises. In this regard, Dr. Govindaraju will share some of his enduring research efforts that he has been pursuing in collaboration with students, and try to read the tea leaves as to where his future efforts will lead him in this journey.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/EdADKraoP3FMmHyONwp8cGwBByfDkjt5jLTmDlB3i1u5Tw?e=ljkgvk"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/pallavi-eeswara.webp",Title:"Sharing your research for impact and engagement",speakerName:"Pallavi Eswara",SeminarTitle:"Sharing your research for impact and engagement",DateTime:"23 December 2022 (Friday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Pallavi Eswara (she/her) is the Director, Postdoctoral Affairs at Boston University (BU), Boston, Massachusetts since June 2022. In this role she manages both the administrative and professional development aspects of postdoc training. Some of the programs she has created so far at BU have been around preparation for academic careers and grant writing. Prior to that she worked briefly at Northeastern University, Boston in Graduate Operations. Majority of her professional career was at the Pennsylvania State University where she was the founding staff member in 2007 of the Office of Postdoctoral Affairs (OPA) and led the office as the Director from 2016-21.During the 14 years of her tenure in OPA, Pallavi created and established the annual postdoc research exhibition where postdocs from different disciplines shared their research with faculty, postdocs, graduate students from all disciplines, scientists and nonscientists. She also created a Science Cafe program where postdocs would share their research to lay audiences at a local coffee and community center. Additionally, she created a science outreach grant program to allow postdocs to create activities for local area school children. She has been invited to present on topics of professional development to both graduate students and postdocs. She has served in leadership roles in her community and in professional societies such as the National Postdoc Association and Graduate Career Consortium (GCC). Pallavi currently serves on the Executive Committee of GCC. Further details of her work and past scientific contributions are at https://www.linkedin.com/in/pallavi-eswara-86b59a11/",Abstract:"There is an increasing need to engage with broad audiences to convey the findings, importance of scientific research and motivate younger generations to be involved with science. Academic and research institutions, funding bodies and government agencies are very interested in scientists being able to engage widely with the public. When it comes to sharing about their research to a broad audience- be it educated people, lay audience or school children it is indeed a challenge for scientists to convey the hypothesis, methods, findings and conclusions without technical jargon or feeling like they are \u201cdiluting the science\u201d. In this talk, we will discuss the state of science communication, principles and best practices for communication to a broad audience. Benefits of this kind of engagement to the scientist and society will also be presented. The presentation will also discuss how scientists can use science communication as a tool to further interdisciplinary research collaboration and non-traditional stakeholder collaborations.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/ESRVhArLoJhPozJZ4YMHorMBBXVGdPH9U_PCYbXDoU2_XA?e=xK38wU"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Mijic_-Ana.webp",Title:"Water Systems Integration Modelling Framework \u2013 A Tool to Inform Future Water Planning at a Systems Level",speakerName:"Dr. Ana Mijic",SeminarTitle:"Water Systems Integration Modelling Framework \u2013 A Tool to Inform Future Water Planning at a Systems Level",DateTime:"30 November 2022 (Friday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Dr Ana Mijic is a Reader in Water Systems Integration and Director of the\u202fCentre for Systems Engineering and Innovation (CSEI) at Imperial College London. She is leading the\u202fdevelopment of novel systems tools\u202ffocused on quantifying the interaction between water systems and sustainable development. The work has aim to\u202finform regulatory bodies and water industry\u202fif and how we can support economic growth whilst ensuring sustainable water use and flood and water quality management\u202funder future uncertainties.\u202fThrough NERC Innovation Fellowship funding she worked\u202fwith the UK\u202fEnvironment\u202fAgency to\u202fapply systems thinking and systemic approaches to develop principles of systems water management at a catchment scale. She has led the CHANSE project on systems water management and irrigation water use in India. Currently, Ana is a Systems Lead for the CAMELLIA impact programme, where her work is focused\u202fon the development of systems water management models and she is leading the VENTURA project, which is developing virtual decision rooms for water neutral urban planning. Ana is a member of the\u202fEWRE\u202fHydrology group that was awarded the 2019\u202fImperial President\u2019s Award for Excellence in Research for Outstanding Research Team and she is the recipient of 2022 Satish Dhawan Chair Professorship at IISc Bengaluru.",Abstract:"Integrated water management and planning has been a focus of research for many decades, but only recently we have started discussing the challenge from a systems perspective. The need for systems approach to water management is defined through integration between physical, environmental, and socio-economic components of the system, for which the evidence should be provided at adequate spatiotemporal resolutions. In this seminar, the novel Water Systems Integration Modelling (WSIMOD) Framework will be presented. The WISMOD allows for the representation of the water system\u2019s demands and impacts of multiple sectors and actors\u2019 decisions within a single tool, which is considered beneficial to increasing a shared understanding of system performance and for more collaborative and coherent decisions on integrated water resources, water quality and flood management. The WSIMOD is a self-contained software package that includes modelled representations of key physical and infrastructure elements of the water cycle (urban and rural), with each type of modelled element generically described as a component. Components are written in such a way that any component can interact with any other component. This enables a flexible representation of a water system that is needed to accommodate the wide variety of different built/natural infrastructure configurations and scales. The talk will showcase how the tool has been developed and successfully tested through a range of applications in the UK, including integrated analysis of urban water systems, catchment water management and urban water neutrality.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/EUc4zNFJBg1MrjzDEowZyhcBj-M3ErT_B-0jgTSVpaON1Q?e=NroFzI"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/naresh-devinini.webp",Title:"Shaping the Future of India\u2019s Food Water Energy Livelihood Nexus",speakerName:"Dr. Naresh Devineni",SeminarTitle:"Shaping the Future of India\u2019s Food Water Energy Livelihood Nexus",DateTime:"28 October 2022 (Friday), 9:00 AM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Naresh Devineni is an Associate Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at The City University of New York\u2019s City College. He holds an M.S. and Ph.D. in Civil Engineering from North Carolina State University. He did his post-doctoral studies at Columbia University. He also worked as a Consultant for the World Bank for a brief period in 2009. He is a past recipient of the U.S. Department of Energy\u2019s Early Career Award. He has diverse interests in hydro-climate modeling and extremes analysis, statistical methods, water sustainability and risk assessment, and water systems analysis. His recent work focuses on agricultural systems sustainability in a changing climate, applied to the United States and the Indian subcontinent. More information about his research and professional activities can be found at https://nareshdevineni.com/about/",Abstract:"This study provides a formal analysis of the design of an Indian food procurement system that considers climate-driven variations in renewable water supply, needs for groundwater pumping, varying regional productivity of crops, and farm-level economics, assuming that the food security goals are to be met while keeping current procurement prices fixed for each crop and maximizing net aggregate farm income from the procurement system. A systems approach is taken to integrate data from disparate sources and predict water stress and sustainable agricultural enhancement regions. A by-product of the analysis is a reduction in the aggregate use of non-renewable water and the consequent decrease in irrigation water requirements and hence water and energy stress. Thus, the \u201cclimate-food-water-energy-livelihood\u201d nexus of issues is addressed conjunctively by leveraging data analytics and systems approaches. The talk will be based on our recent paper in Nature Communications on solving groundwater depletion in India while achieving food security https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-31122-9",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/EeMh-ubUMuNPmZOfOvomG14B3DjV7WBGjWfJN09QPWgpqA?e=ZpbAlp"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/tushar-sinha.webp",Title:"Effects of Urbanization and Extreme Climatic Events on Water Quantity and Quality",speakerName:"Dr. Tushar Sinha",SeminarTitle:"Effects of Urbanization and Extreme Climatic Events on Water Quantity and Quality",DateTime:"28 September 2022 (Wednesday), 9:30 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:" Dr. Sinha is working as an Associate Professor in the Department of Environmental Engineering at Texas A&M University \u2013 Kingsville (TAMUK). Prior to joining TAMUK in September 2014, he has worked as a Research Assistant Professor at North Carolina State University (NCSU) for over 1.5 years and as a Postdoctoral Scientist for about 4 years at NSCU and Arizona State University combined. He received his B.S. in Agricultural Engineering and MS in Civil Engineering from India and Ph.D. in Agriculture and Biological Engineering from Purdue University in 2008. He has worked in hydrologic modelling, climate change impacts on hydrology; water resources management; surface water \u2013 groundwater interactions; and geospatial analysis. He has published about 30 journal articles including several high impact journals such as PNAS, Earth\u2019s Future and Journal of Geophysical Research. Dr. Sinha has received funding as PI and Co-PI from multiple federal and state agencies. He has also served as chair of technical sessions at national and international conferences. He has been a recipient of TAMU-K\u2019s College of Engineering Excellence in Research Award in 2018.",Abstract:"Rapid urbanization and intensification of extreme climatic events directly affect peak flow and water quality in streams in both urban and mixed-use watersheds. Low Impact Development (LID) strategies such as Green Roof (GR) and Rain Garden (RG) can partially mitigate such effects on stormwater runoff and water quality. However, efficiency of LID strategies in handling moderate to large rainfall events to improve the water quality of a watershed is not well understood. Thus, this talk will discuss how different LID strategies affect peak flow and water quality in urban and mixed-use watersheds. The analysis on effects of different LID strategies showed that during the high rainfall intensity event of 15 cm/day, no significant differences due to LID strategies were observed on the peak flow reduction. However, about 32% reduction in peak flow was attained when all three LID strategies considered in this study (GR, RG and GR+RG in series) under low to moderate rainfall intensities of 2 \u2013 3 cm/day. In addition, better water management strategies are needed to mitigate floods and droughts by co-managing green (wetlands) and grey (dams) infrastructure. A framework to co-manage green and grey infrastructure will be discussed to enhance water resilience under extreme climatic events.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/rajarshidb_iisc_ac_in/EeR1CMvuUz1IjrUOOHwOEpMBsF_tPrGkbHytJZst6HIJ9A"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Shashi_PP.webp",Title:"VEDAS: A platform for web-based visualization and analysis of Satellite data",speakerName:"Dr. Shashikant A Sharma",SeminarTitle:"VEDAS: A platform for web-based visualization and analysis of Satellite data",DateTime:"30 August 2022 (Tuesday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:" Shashikant A Sharma, Scientist-G and Group Director, VEDAS Research Group, Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad, India. He joined ISRO in 1986 and has worked in the field of Remote Sensing, GIS, and Digital Image Processing. He has a special interest in applications of Geoinformatics for Agriculture and Renewable Energy. He is instrumental in the development of the Geospatial portal \u2013 VEDAS ( Visualisation of Earth Observation Data and Archival System) (https://vedas .sac.gov.in), which has visualization and analysis capabilities of Geospatial data. Earlier he was a lead role in the development of indigenous GIS software. His current interests are Digital Image Processing, Geospatial analytics on the Web, and AI/ML applications of Satellite data. He is the recipient of many national awards in the field of Geoinformatics.",Abstract:"ISRO is operating a fleet of Earth Observation satellites with a wide range of sensors of varying capabilities. In addition to making satellites and launch vehicles, ISRO is also conducting scientific research and demonstrating applications of space-based inputs in many disciplines including agriculture, forestry, geology, environmental studies, urban planning, infrastructure development, meteorology, planetary sciences, disaster management, etc. The efficient utilization of this voluminous geospatial content generated by the thematic experts and the data acquired by several Indian and publicly available EO satellites is essential for adding greater societal value as envisaged by Dr Vikram Sarabhai, the founder of India\u2019s space programme. In this context, the Space Applications Centre at Ahmedabad contemplated the development of the \u2018Visualization of EO Data and Archival System\u2019, abbreviated as VEDAS. It aims to organize the vast quantum of geospatial databases on various themes and develop customized decision support systems and applications for an improved understanding of the earth and planetary systems. VEDAS is a step towards creating a \u201cgeo-data-rich society\u201d supporting mainstreaming of satellite imagery and remote sensing in the process of National Development. In this talk, I will provide an overview of the VEDAS, its capabilities and its potential for research and decision-making, while illuminating what lies ahead for us. For example, VEDAS has endeavoured to support web-based geospatial analysis by providing processing tools for analysis on the internet and we are now building an online interactive platform for Big Data analytics and supporting the application of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI/ML) tools.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/EakKB_D3RrhPuhdHJNx4ysMBbDwliR7BK9xwJr8W6L2xJQ?e=ryhUPM"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/ArpitaMondal.webp",Title:"What (NOT) to do as an early career academic and researcher in India",speakerName:"Dr. Arpita Mondal",SeminarTitle:"What (NOT) to do as an early career academic and researcher in India",DateTime:"29 July 2022 (Friday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Dr. Arpita Mondal works as an Associate Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering and Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay. Her research focuses on hydroclimatic extremes \u2013 how they can be characterized, what causes them, and how they are likely to evolve with climate change. Arpita serves as an Associate Editor of the AGU journal Earth\u2019s Future and the Springer journal Regional Environmental Change. She received the Early Career Research Award from the Science and Education Research Board (SERB), and the INSPIRE Faculty Award. She also received the Asian University Alliance (AUA) Scholars\u2019 Award. Arpita has been selected to feature in the book \u2018She Is: 75 Indian Women in STEAM\u2019 by the Office of the Principal Scientific Advisor to the Government of India and the Red Dot Foundation, honoring 75 Indian Women in the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics. She has been an invited speaker in the session on Women in STEM in the South Asia Leadership Summit of the British Council, India. Arpita completed her PhD in Civil Engineering at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, MTech in Water Resources Engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay and Bachelors in Civil Engineering at Jadavpur University, Kolkata. As a PhD student, Arpita had received the Endeavour Research Fellowship of the Government of Australia, the Fulbright-Nehru Research Fellowship of the United-States India Education Forum, and the Berkner Travel Grant of the American Geophysical Union (AGU).",Abstract:"\u2018How to become a professor in an Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)?\u2019 is a question which is asked by several in our country. There is an increasingly large number of awareness and mentoring programs conducted by organizations and academies in this country to address this query among the public in general, and graduate students in particular. Another equally important question to which answers must be sought is, \u2018How to survive as an early career academic or researcher in today\u2019s India?\u2019. Many Indian academic or research institutions offer to young professionals what are termed as \u2018permanent\u2019 jobs; however, stagnation, dearth of progress and lack of navigation along multiple directions of growth (both one\u2019s own individual growth and that of his/her employer) can prove fatal for one\u2019s career and more importantly, personal well-being, if adequate, timely steps are not taken to make sure one is not only \u2018surviving\u2019 but also \u2018thriving\u2019, particularly compared to global benchmarks. In this seminar, I will talk about key responsibilities expected out of an early career academic in a leading engineering institute in India, highlight some opportunities and challenges towards a bright and successful academic/research career and also offer suggestions to avoid some mistakes (I think) I did. I will share some stories, and advice that I had been lucky to receive, and hopefully hear back from the audience about what drives them towards their own pursuit of excellence. Women graduate students and early career researchers are expected to particularly benefit from this talk, since I will also share some experiences and suggestions on overcoming gender-defined obstructions.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/EeEdT09oKwVDnk_SJTQwpFgBklZXGPfipRYZN3yfv22h_w?e=PncKA6"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/alexandre-anesio.webp",Title:"How microbes melt glaciers and ice sheets?",speakerName:"Prof. Alexandre Anesio",SeminarTitle:"How microbes melt glaciers and ice sheets?",DateTime:"30 June 2022 (Thursday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Alexandre Anesio is a Professor in Arctic Microbiology in the Department of Environmental Science at Aarhus University. His main research interest is on microbial and biogeochemical processes in glaciers and ice sheets. He is currently one of the PIs in a European Research Council Synergy grant to investigate how pigmented algae, growing directly on the snow and bare ice, through their photophysiology, have a crucial role in changing the reflectivity of the ice (i.e., albedo), and subsequently the melt rates of the ice. Anesio obtained his PhD degree at Lund University in Sweden in 2000, where he also worked as postdoc until 2003. Since then, he has worked at the University of Nottingham (2003-2004), Aberystwyth University (2004-2007) and University of Bristol (2007-2018), until moving to Denmark in 2018.",Abstract:"Glaciers and ice sheets were long believed to be sterile environments, but just like other large ecosystems (e.g., tropical forests, tundra), they are now widely recognized as one of the Earth\u2019s biomes, teeming with life. This biome is also the most under-investigated on the planet from a biological and biogeochemical perspective, representing a new and exciting frontier in science. Home to large, naturally occurring communities of mostly microbes, glaciers and ice sheets host metabolically active organisms, interacting with each other. These processes represent more than just a minor curiosity of life under extreme conditions. On glacier and ice sheet surfaces, microbes have been shown to alter physical and chemical characteristics of snow and ice with direct consequences for snow/ice solar-heating and amplified melt. During the summer ablation, the bare ice is largely dark, as it is colonized by pigmented ice algae. Biological growth of icebound algal cells can accumulate biomass high enough to cause albedo reduction between 12% and 21%, depending on the algal cell abundances. The impact of microbially-mediated albedo effect is predicted to increase further with climate change, since a warming climate will further extend melt seasons. Furthermore, microbial activity and carbon fixation on ice surfaces can result in export of labile dissolved organic matter to downstream ecosystems.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/EWTdRhExDR9Gr4YhCXOSTQ0Bb_caytizGBobqq5pZ4jylA?e=XXHWay"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dev_Niyogi.webp",Title:"Representing Cities in Weather and Climate Models: From Processes to Urban Digital Twins",speakerName:"Prof. Dev Niyogi",SeminarTitle:"Representing Cities in Weather and Climate Models: From Processes to Urban Digital Twins",DateTime:"31 May 2022 (Tuesday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:" Dr. DEV NIYOGI, is John E. \u201cBrick\u201d Elliot Centennial Endowed Professor at the University of Texas at Austin, in the Jackson School of Geosciences, and the Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering. He is a graduate faculty of the Oden Institute of Computational Engineering and Science, and University of Texas Center for Space Research. He is also Professor Emeritus, Purdue University, Department of Agronomy and Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, and former Indiana State Climatologist (2005- 2018). He is an Editor for the AMS Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology. Linkdn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/texus/ Prof. Niyogi\u2019s research seeks to significantly contribute to our understanding of the Earth system, particularly the urban and agricultural landscapes, and the dynamic role of coupled land surface processes on weather and regional meteorological extremes. An important ongoing and emerging focus of his research is to translate the scientific work undertaken into decision tools and portals with a particular focus on hydroclimatology and sustainable climate-ready/resilient cities.",Abstract:"Urbanization is a global phenomenon and a notable feature of anthropogenic impacts. Cities have a relatively small spatial footprint, but likely have a much larger and discernable impact on the regional weather, and hydroclimatic processes. This presentation is aimed as a primer to highlight what the science community has understood about the effects of cities and urban clusters on local to larger scale meteorological processes. The talk will draw on multiscale evidence from different studies to highlight the need for representing urban processes within weather and climate studies. The talk will also discuss different approaches underway in the traditional modeling sense involving physics-based framework, and the recent opportunities using AI/ML approaches culminating in the efforts underway for developing an urban digital twin.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/EchesPMK3lREnMiqoxZBZbABFc92VfiHR8kN6lbjgwbgiw?e=wlyVl5"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/abhijit-mukherjee.webp",Title:"Interaction of groundwater with surface water: the example of Ganges river",speakerName:"Prof. Abhijit Mukherjee",SeminarTitle:"Interaction of groundwater with surface water: the example of Ganges river",DateTime:"28 April 2022 (Thursday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Prof. Abhijit Mukherjee, PhD (Hydrogeology) graduated from the University of Kentucky, USA (2006) and completed postdoctoral work at the University of Texas at Austin, USA (2006-2008). He served as the Physical Hydrogeologist at the Alberta Geological Survey in Canada (2008-2010). He is currently an Associate Professor at the Department of Geology and Geophysics, and School of Environmental Science and Engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT Kharagpur), India. His main research areas are physical, chemical and isotope hydrogeology, including numerical modeling, computation, contaminant transport, water policy applications. He is known for his studies on geological and human-sourced groundwater pollution (e.g. arsenic, fluoride, sanitation-borne and emerging contaminants) in more than a dozen countries, water quantity estimates including application of advanced computation and Artificial Intelligence techniques. For his work on groundwater Prof. Mukherjee has been conferred the National Geoscience Award 2014 by the President of India, Kharaka Award in 2020 by International Association of Geochemist, inducted as Fellow to Royal Society of Chemistry (2020) and the Geological Society of America (2021), named as top 75 leading Scientists and Experts who are under 50 years of age. As the first South Asian, ever, he is presently serving in the Council of the Geological Society of America. He was awarded the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize in 2020, regarded as India\u2019s highest science award.",Abstract:"The mega-Himalayan river Ganges (or Ganga), one of the largest in the world and the lifeline of northern India for the last several thousand years, hosting almost 10% of the present global and half of Indian population on its fertile banks, has been found to have unprecedented low levels of river water (drying up) in several lower reaches in the summers of recent years. Using a combination of satellite-based and in-situ measurements of river water and groundwater levels, isotopic and chemical analyses of Ganges river and groundwater, simulation results from global hydrologic models and regional groundwater flow models, shows that the present-day summer drying of the river Ganges is possibly driven by groundwater depletion in the Gangetic aquifers of north India. One hypothesis is that a decrease in groundwater inflow (baseflow) has a severe impact on the health of the river. The present-day baseflow to the Ganges from the adjoining aquifers, which may be up to a third of total river volume during pre-monsoon months, might have decreased by >50% from the beginning of irrigation-pumping age in the 1970s. Under several assumptions and approximations, it has been predicted that the groundwater contribution to Ganges river water flow would continue to decrease in impending years, and can decrease up to ~75% of the 1970s. Thus, a continuation of the groundwater exploitation at similar per-capita rates might jeopardize the existence of the Ganges River in several reaches in near future, thereby leading to disastrous carbohydrate and other food scarcity for ~ 115 million people inhabiting in the study region by 2050.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/EeuzLV4fCldFoIV9vfQYoJYBc3svHFXNxAT1IZ6XfTLL2w?e=ZJewT0"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/prof-aditi-mukherji.webp",Title:"Major findings from IPCC Water Chapter on Water Related Adaptations and their Effectiveness in reducing risks",speakerName:"Dr. Aditi Mukherji",SeminarTitle:"Major findings from IPCC Water Chapter on Water Related Adaptations and their Effectiveness in reducing risks",DateTime:"28 March 2022 (Monday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Dr. Aditi Mukherji is a Principal Researcher and leads the Research Group on Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience (CCAR) at the International Water Management Institute. Before this, she led the Water and Air Theme at the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) in Nepal. She has over 20 years of experience working on policies and institutions of water resources management with a special focus on water-energy-food nexus. Her areas of specialization are groundwater governance, energy-irrigation nexus, climate change adaptation and community management of water resources. She has worked in South Asia including the Hindu Kush Himalayan region, Nile basin and in Central Asia. She is currently a part of the 6th Assessment Report (AR6) team of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and is the Coordinating Lead Author (CLA) of the Water Chapter in the Working Group II on Adaptation and Vulnerability and a member of Core Writing Team for the IPCC\u2019s AR6 Synthesis Report. Aditi is a human geographer by training and has a PhD from Cambridge University, United Kingdom.",Abstract:"IPCC Working Group II formally launched its report on Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability on 28th of February, 2022. The writing of this report involved over 270 scientists who spent last 3 years going through literature and assessing the impact of climate change on human and natural systems, and role of adaptation in alleviating some of these impacts. Water chapter is one among 18 chapters in this report. This chapter reiterates findings from WGI report about intensification of water cycle, and shows how every sector of the economy (agriculture, energy, urban etc.) and ecosystems have been affected by this climate induced intensification of water cycle. Majority of world\u2019s population, especially those involved in climate sensitive occupations like agriculture are feeling impacts of climate change through changes in the water cycle, such as through extreme precipitation, melting of glaciers, floods and droughts. The chapter also finds that water is also a part of solution. A large majority of the adaptation options are in response to water related hazards, or adaptation response itself is water related, e.g., irrigation, soil moisture conservation, water storage, rainwater harvesting etc. Many of these water adaptation responses have several benefits, including instances of climate risk reduction. However, effectiveness of these adaptation measures in reducing climate risks goes down substantially at higher levels of global warming, thereby emphasizing the importance of mitigation along with adaptation.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/Ee729cKL6bJLhWRoPZLQiiIB3PI4nx1pkLG8jpAoZ1fbEw?e=G3F6wG"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/PaulBates.webp",Title:"Progress in developing continental and global scale flood inundation models",speakerName:"Prof. Paul D Bates",SeminarTitle:"Progress in developing continental and global scale flood inundation models",DateTime:"02 March 2022 (Wednesday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Paul Bates FRS is Professor of Hydrology at the University of Bristol, UK and Chairman of Fathom (www.fathom.global). He is one of the world\u2019s leading experts in the modelling of flood inundation with widespread research interests in risk, resilience, uncertainty, governance and decision making in relation to natural hazards and global water issues. His main area of study is to develop new numerical solutions to the Shallow Water equations and combines these with satellite and airborne data to advance our fundamental understanding of flood dynamics and reduce threats to life and economic losses worldwide. Previously, he was Director of the Cabot Institute and Head of the School of Geographical Sciences at Bristol and has spent sabbatical periods at Laboratoire National d\u2019Hydraulique et Environnment in Paris, the EU Joint Research Centre, Princeton University and the NASA Jet Propulsion Lab at CALTECH. He has published over 240 papers in International peer reviewed journals and has an ISI H-Index of 80 and a Google Scholar H-Index of 100. He is a lifetime Fellow of the Royal Society of London and the American Geophysical Union, a Royal Society Wolfson Research Award holder and in 2019 was awarded a CBE by Queen Elizabeth II for services to flood risk management. Through his work with insurers, charities and NGOs the data sets created using methods developed by his team are used to reduce risks to life and economic losses for hundreds of millions of people globally. ",Abstract:"Flooding is one of the most costly natural disasters and every year affects tens of millions of people and causes billions of dollars in losses, and the most damaging events have affect very large areas. Despite this, the reality is that all flood impacts are felt locally and occur at the level of individual properties. The ultimate challenge in flood modelling therefore is how to provide detailed and skilful hazard and risk predictions at the scale of individual buildings over whole continents or even the whole globe. This talk describes recent efforts at the University of Bristol in the UK to build a two dimensional hydrodynamic model at 90m resolution covering the entire planet and 30m over the parts of the US, Europe and the UK, both for current conditions and future climates. The talk describes the technical challenges and also detailed validation studies which demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of this type of model.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/EXZK90fQ3n9Ipvrit4cMXIQB4cNgMjnzNDrv2GiuN2T0BA?e=CUz5KB"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/prof-sk-tandon.webp",Title:"The Anthropocene Concept: Disturbance(s) in the Terrestrial Hydrosphere",speakerName:"Prof. S.K. Tandon",SeminarTitle:"The Anthropocene Concept: Disturbance(s) in the Terrestrial Hydrosphere",DateTime:"24 January 2022 (Monday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:" Prof. S.K. Tandon is an eminent geoscientist and academician who has been associated with several institutions of higher learning of our country. After an early stint at the Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology from 1971 to 1976, he taught at the University of Delhi for 34 years until his retirement from there in 2010. Later, he was involved in teaching/research and mentoring at the Earth and Environmental Sciences departments of the IIT Kanpur (2013-2015), IISER Bhopal (2016-2022) and IISER Mohali (2017). Prof. Tandon has broad research interests in the field of geodynamic evolution of India and has contributed significantly to the understanding of several Phanerozoic stratigraphic records of the country, including the Late Quaternary sequences of the Ganga Plains and the Thar desert of Rajasthan. His lasting interest is in the understanding of Earth Surface Processes- both in modern and ancient continental sedimentary systems; it is this interest in Earth Surface Processes that has attracted him to the subject of Anthropocene. Prof. Tandon has authored over 150 research papers and has co-edited both books and journal special issues/volumes. He is a Fellow of all the three science academies in India, besides being a Fellow of the Third World Academy of Sciences. He has served the Research Councils and the Governing Bodies of most of the Earth Sciences institutes of the country, and has chaired several of the Earth Science Committees of the DST, SERB, CSIR, besides having been the Pro-Vice Chancellor of the University of Delhi from 2005 to 2010.",Abstract:"The term Anthropocene, little known two decades ago, was introduced by Crutzen and Stoermer in 2000 and is now in common usage in the discourse of different science disciplines, particularly in the Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences. Further, it has also been adopted in art and cinema, humanities, social sciences, and policy and governance amongst others. The essence of the concept is well articulated in the title of an article published in 2008 by three leading authorities (Steffen, Crutzen, and McNeill): \u2018The Anthropocene: Are humans now overwhelming the great forces of nature?\u2019 Notwithstanding debates around the meaning and definition of the term, as well as the placement of the lower boundary of the Anthropocene, the informal usage of the term stands firmly entrenched across several domains of knowledge. Additionally, the concept of a human-dominated planet is closely linked to the ideas of tipping points, planetary boundaries, and the exploration of safe operating space(s) for humanity, that have been quite effectively championed in the last decade by Rockstrom and his collaborators. Of the nine planetary boundaries advanced by these authors in an influential article published in Ecology and Society in 2009, the water boundary along with the attendant water cycle modifications /water resilience are issues of strong concern, and are therefore being elaborated currently. In this talk, I shall discuss the development of these concepts in addition to presenting a few examples from India\u2019s disturbed river systems.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/Eb_aFMbaemJGh3nUetIP20wBy09yzHmZuc-WyyDw-XJbww?e=9soRvx"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/kala-s.webp",Title:"Are Cities Culprits or Victims? India\u2019s Carbon Footprint Beyond 2020",speakerName:"Prof. Kala Seetharam Sridhar",SeminarTitle:"Are Cities Culprits or Victims? India\u2019s Carbon Footprint Beyond 2020",DateTime:"27 December 2021 (Monday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:" Kala S Sridhar, Ph D is Professor, Centre for Research in Urban Affairs at the Institute for Social and Economic Change (ISEC), prior to which she was Ford Public Affairs Fellow at Public Affairs Centre, Fellow at the National Institute of Public Finance and Policy and taught at the Indian Institute of Management Lucknow as Assistant and Associate Professor. She has authored or edited several books published by Routledge, Oxford University Press, Palgrave Macmillan, Springer, and Sage, and has published papers in journals which include Regional Science and Urban Economics, Urban Studies, Applied Economics, among others. She is a Fulbright Nehru fellow during 2021-22, hosted by the University of California Los Angeles. She has a Ph.D. from the Ohio State University and M.S. from the University of Iowa. She is a regular contributor of columns to India\u2019s financial dailies such as Economic Times. She has won several international awards for her research on urbanization including the highly competitive Global Development Network medal for outstanding research on development, two times. She was empanelled to be Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR), Chair Professor of Indian Studies (Economics) in Foreign Universities 2015. She is consistently among the top 10% of authors globally on the Social Science Research Network. She has been a member of expert committees on urban development for the Government of Karnataka, and has done extensive research for the Asian Development Bank (ADB). She was member of the Scientific Committee of the 2016 Urban Transitions Conference, co-hosted by Yale University and Elsevier, which was held in Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China. She is a referee for many international journals including Urban Studies, Cities, Housing Policy Debate, Environment and Urbanization Asia, among several others. She is on the editorial advisory board of journals such as Area Development and Policy (Taylor Francis), Urban India (published by India\u2019s National Institute of Urban Affairs), and Frontiers in Built Environment Urban Science.",Abstract:" While the Global North and South were very different in terms of their trajectory of economic growth some years ago, now they are increasingly convergent on economic growth as well as their environmental sustainability. It is now also well known that cities are the engines of economic growth in developing countries of the Global South. However, much as they are the engines of the economy, cities are also blamed for carbon emissions due to a number of factors. But cities are also victims of carbon emissions and climate change due to the density of population and economic activity. Carbon emissions are determined not only by urbanization, but also by a city\u2019s spatial area, its income, energy consumption, and value added by industry. In this research we understand the role played by various factors on carbon emissions empirically by examining India\u2019s data at the district level, where city level data on carbon emissions are quite rare. We use a unique dataset of carbon footprint at the district level, adapting from Lee et al (2021). We estimate carbon emissions as dependent on the district area, urbanization, per capita income, literacy rate, workforce participation and population density. We find rising literacy rate, urbanization, labor force participation, poverty ratio and income to be major causes of rising carbon footprint. We find geographic area of a district has no effect on carbon footprint. Given that reducing poverty ratio is a factor in increasing carbon footprint, the question to ask is if this is equitable. The regression is used to predict carbon emissions in the medium term, i.e., 2030, and longer run, i.e., 2050, assuming current trends continue.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/ESXegIura_hPvVu74ow-KQcBZszihj85XYcygsQNLlmSbw?e=UeJoBX"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Lakshminarayana_Rao.webp",Title:"Wastewater Treatment and Recycling \u2013 Challenges and Opportunities",speakerName:"Dr. Lakshminarayana Rao",SeminarTitle:"Wastewater Treatment and Recycling \u2013 Challenges and Opportunities",DateTime:"30 November 2021 (Thursday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Dr. Lakshminarayana Rao is a chemical engineer by training, has a PhD from McGill University, Montreal Canada and is currently working as a assistant professor at Centre for Sustainable Technologies, at IISc, Bengaluru India. Prior to joining IISc, Dr. Rao has worked in Industry for 10 years. His research interests are in the field of cold plasma technology, and advanced oxidation for wastewater treatment and recycling. To date Dr. Rao has authored over 60 international journal articles and conference papers and has six granted US patents in the field of plasma technology and its application.",Abstract:"Using freshwater for toilet flushing is a luxury humans cannot afford anymore. With increasing population, climate change and expanding pressures on water resources, much of the world faces a major water crisis. Globally, water shortages are estimated to affect more than 4 billion people annually. India occupies only 2.4 % of the world\u2019s total land area yet supports over 17.5 % of the global population. The total freshwater resource of the country is only 4% of the world\u2019s total utilizable water resource, which is disproportionately low for the current population. In India, over 600 million people face high to extreme water scarcity, with water contamination estimated to impact as much as 70 % of the country\u2019s utilizable water resource. Rural areas face the twin challenges of water scarcity and risk of groundwater contamination due to lack of water treatment options. In this presentation, I will discuss about the design and field implantation of decentralized wastewater treatment system for a rural community. The challenges and opportunities at operating such stand-alone system will be discussed. Also, in this task I will present how cities can become a perennial source of treated water for neighbouring villages. The challenges, opportunities and threats of a large scale (440 MLD) treated water recycling scheme will be discussed.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/EYWXthLi_vFMg4sRhqkTi_kBWUS4pkXcBPiu18IEvRkppA?e=v3vChU"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Krishnan_Raghavan.webp",Title:"Global Climate Change and Impacts on Monsoon Hydrological Cycle",speakerName:"Prof.Krishnan Raghavan",SeminarTitle:"Global Climate Change and Impacts on Monsoon Hydrological Cycle",DateTime:"28 October 2021 (Thursday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Dr. Krishnan Raghavan specializes in climate modeling studies on scientific issues relating to \u201cClimate Change, Asian Monsoon and Water Cycle\u201d. Currently he heads the Centre for Climate Change Research (CCCR) at IITM, Pune and is engaged in developing in house capability in Earth System Modeling to address the science of climate change. Under his leadership the CCCR developed the IITM Earth System Model (ESM) \u2013 the first global climate model from India that contributed to the CMIP 6 and IPCC Sixth Assessment Report. He is a coordinating lead author in the IPCC AR 6 WG 1 report (Chapter 8 Water Cycle Changes) and a drafting author in the Summary for Policymakers. He and his team from CCCR IITM published the First National Climate Change Assessment Report of the Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt of India in 2020. After obtaining a M.Sc degree in Applied Mathematics from the Madras Institute of Technology, Chennai, he pursued Ph.D research in Atmospheric Sciences at the Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad. He was awarded Ph.D degree from the Univ of Pune in 1994. He has published over 140 scientific articles/papers, supervised/co supervised 12 Ph D degrees 11 ongoing) 7 Master (M.Sc/M.Tech) dissertations. He offered training lectures in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Atmospheric Sciences.",Abstract:" Human induced climate change has warmed the atmosphere, ocean, and land, and is already affecting ever region of Earth in multiple ways. The changes we experience will increase with further warming. This talk will provide a brief summary of the key assessments from the IPCC AR 6 WG 1 report, with special focus on observed and projected changes in water cycle, the regional monsoons, attribution of regional monsoon precipitation changes to different anthropogenic drivers (eg. GHG, aerosols, ..) uncertainties in water cycle projections and related topics.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/EUwcIlF9RRRFpVgj7-P42pwBBZtuHwjqvsC3ZmU5FNkApQ?e=FMZl0c"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Chandni_Singh.webp",Title:"Assessing the feasibility of climate change adaptation options in the water sector: Examples from rural and urban landscapes",speakerName:"Dr. Chandni Singh",SeminarTitle:"Assessing the feasibility of climate change adaptation options in the water sector: Examples from rural and urban landscapes",DateTime:"21 September 2021 (Tuesday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Dr Chandni Singh is a Senior Researcher and faculty member at the Indian Institute for Human Settlements (IIHS), Bengaluru. Her research examines the drivers of differential vulnerability to climate change and hazards; linkages between climate change adaptation, livelihoods, and development; how and why people adapt (or choose not to); and the outcomes of these decisions on wellbeing and aspirations. She currently co-leads projects on urban sustainability and green infrastructure (https://upagri.net/), long-term disaster recovery (https://recoverywithdignity.iihs.co.in/), and climate-resilient development. In the past, she has worked in international and national organisations on community-based watershed management, wetland restoration, livelihoods strengthening. She is a Lead Author on the IPCC Assessment Report 6 Working Group II (Impacts, Vulnerability, and Adaptation); Contributing Author on the IPCC\u2019s Special Report on 1.5 C; and Lead Author on the Third Assessment Report on Climate Change and Cities (ARC3.3). She serves on the Editorial Boards of Regional Environmental Change, Climate and Development, Progress in Development Studies, and Urbanisation. Chandni holds a PhD in Rural Livelihoods from the University of Reading, UK and an MSc in Environmental Science from TERI University, New Delhi.",Abstract:"Water availability mediates rural and urban development through its impacts on a range of sectors such as agriculture and industry. Climate change and associated risks attenuate this water availability. Given this, various adaptation options have been implemented in the water sector. These are interventions targeting demand management or supply augmentation; focussing on improving water use efficiency etc. However, which adaptation options are feasible in particular contexts and how should one prioritise interventions? To answer this question (and inform adaptation prioritisation), it is critical to assess the various adaptation options in the water sector and synthesise lessons on which options are feasible and under what conditions. This talk will outline how the multidimensional feasibility of adaptation options in the water sector can be assessed. It will then showcase how adaptation feasibility is regionally differentiated, two case studies are discussed: flood management in cities; and community-based watershed management in rural areas. The approach also links climate adaptation aims with other concurrent issues facing water managers \u2013 that of synergies and trade-offs with climate mitigation and sustainable development. Water has been called the \u201cmiddle child of global climate policy\u201d (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-021-01154-y), this talk will outline one way to think of addressing this and highlight how the water sector already has a suite of adaptation choices to draw on.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/EaSlg1sGDnlCsbN5oOiqUVQBXo71CeIf60VVE5mts4oucQ?e=P5Jpsy"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Raghu_Murtugudde.webp",Title:"Building an Early Warning System for Waterborne Diseases in India",speakerName:"Prof. Raghu Murtugudde",SeminarTitle:"Building an Early Warning System for Waterborne Diseases in India",DateTime:"23 August 2021 (Monday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Raghu Murtugudde did a B Tech in Aeronautical Engineering from IITB and a PhD in Mechanical Engineering from Columbia University. He worked as a Research Scientist at NASA GSFC before becoming a faculty in Atmospheric and Oceanic Science and Earth System Science at the University of Maryland. He has been a visiting faculty at various Indian institutions, most recently at IITB. His interests include earth system science and regional earth system predictions for food, water, and health. As an Earth System Scientist, Raghu studies the interactions between the physical world and life and explore the co evolution of life and climate and what it means for sustainability. Data analysis, Regional Earth System Modeling and Predictions are combined to advance process and predictive understanding of the Earth System, especially at regional scales. His hypothesis is that all global warming is local and the impacts are manifest in the food, water, energy and health nexus. Producing region specific predictive information at daily to seasonal timescale that is useful and usable and what if scenarios for years to decades are his main interests. His personal interest also includes agroforestry as a sustainable agriculture and watershed management approach and its ability to sequester additional carbon in soils while enhancing drought resilience and soil moisture persistence",Abstract:"India has made tremendous progress in the process and predictive understandings of monsoon variability, change and extremes. The extensive investments in predictions systems have paid off with increasing skills at short, medium, and extended ranges as well as at seasonal to interannual timescales and future a projections of monsoons. Applications of the forecasts, especially at the sub seasonal to seasonal (S 2 S) forecasts are growing. Unfortunately, the warm temperatures and the monsoons also favour explosion of pathogens and their ingestion by humans India remains a hotspot for diseases. Time is ripe for early warning systems for waterborne diseases at the S 2 S timescale to build a Ready Set Go system to manage health outcomes and reduce disease morbidity, mortality and productivity losses. The high spatial variability of the monsoon rains and extremes and their relation to external drivers such as El Ni\xf1o are explored in the context of Enteric Fever cases in Surat and Ahmedabad. Some ways forward on mapping and synthesising water quality and health data across India and building health early warning systems are discussed.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/Ed1ufSPXB-VNhy3KYgWsDzoBe4lJYoBYAIxJmKpKh89Luw?e=1cySeN"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Dan_Obenour.webp",Title:"Long-term Data and Bayesian Inference Elucidate Controls on Surface Water Quality",speakerName:"Prof. Dan Obenour",SeminarTitle:"Long-term Data and Bayesian Inference Elucidate Controls on Surface Water Quality",DateTime:"27 July 2021 (Tuesday), 4:30 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Dan Obenour is an Associate Professor in the Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering at North Carolina State University. He is also a Faculty Fellow at the University\u2019s Center for Geospatial Analytics. He received his PhD from the University of Michigan in 2013, and he completed a postdoc based at the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory in 2014. He also has several years of experience in environmental and water resources consulting. Dan\u2019s research focuses on the development and application of probabilistic models for predicting water-quality outcomes in aquatic systems under varying management and climate scenarios. His models have been used in annual forecasts of harmful algal blooms and hypoxia in Lake Erie, the northern Gulf of Mexico, and the Neuse River Estuary. His research also encompasses data-driven pollutant fate and transport modeling in regional watersheds. He serves on multiple advisory boards, including the Albemarle Pamlico National Estuary Partnership (APNEP) Science and Technical Advisory Committee.",Abstract:"The water quality of freshwater and coastal systems is constantly changing due to varying anthropological and climatological inputs. However, our ability to manage and predict water quality is often limited by sparse monitoring data and an incomplete understanding of the relevant biogeochemical processes. This presentation will highlight recent research synthesizing long-term datasets, process-based models, and statistical (i.e., Bayesian) inference to enhance our understanding of water-quality dynamics. These data-driven models systematically update prior knowledge of key biophysical rates while providing rigorous uncertainty quantification. Case studies include algal blooms in Lake Erie, hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico, and nutrient dynamics in southeastern U.S. watersheds and reservoirs. Model applications for seasonal and scenario-based water-quality forecasting will also be shown. In particular, the sensitivity of water-quality outcomes to changes in watershed development, nutrient loading, and climate is explored. Finally, challenges and research opportunities for advancing these data-driven, water-quality modeling approaches are highlighted.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/EXks8RywDMVIlqawykuQIVABQLOVBA69sifPAhSXa6Gq5A?e=HG1CQf"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Albert_Ruhi.webp",Title:"Hydroecology in a rapidly changing world",speakerName:"Dr. Albert Ruhi",SeminarTitle:"Hydroecology in a rapidly changing world",DateTime:"24 June 2021 (Thursday), 6:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Albert Ruhi is a freshwater ecologist and Assistant Professor at the University of California, Berkeley (Dept. Environmental Science, Policy, and Management). His group develops experiments and large-scale data analysis to advance current understanding of the ecology and conservation of freshwater ecosystems, focusing on how native and non-native biodiversity in river networks responds to global change stressors such as hydrologic extremes and drought. Prof. Ruhi received a B.Sc. in Biology and a Ph.D. in Ecology from the University of Girona (Catalonia), and has conducted most of his research in water-scarce regions of the world\u2013namely the Mediterranean basin and the American Southwest. Before joining UC Berkeley, he was a postdoctoral researcher at Arizona State University, and a Fellow at the National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC) in Maryland, where he studied impacts of flow alteration by U.S. dams via large data sets and time series methods in the frequency and time domains. Prof. Ruhi has published more than 50 papers, is an Associate Editor for the journal Conservation Letters, and has received numerous awards recognizing his research, such as a U.S. National Science Foundation CAREER award, a California Sea Grant New Faculty Award, a Hellman Fellow Award, and University of Girona\u2019s Extraordinary Doctoral Degree Award in Environmental Sciences (for his Ph.D. work). In Spring 2021 he also received a UC Berkeley teaching award (\u201cExtraordinary Teaching in Extraordinary Times\u201d) for an undergraduate course on time series analysis applied to ecological and environmental data.",Abstract:"Prof Ruhi\u2019s seminar will review the different ways in which humans and climate change are altering river flows, and the challenge of studying hydro-ecology when both hydrological and ecological baselines are shifting. He will show examples of flow regime alteration driving native to non-native fish covariation at different spatial scales in the United States, and the mechanisms underpinning such ecological responses. He will also delve into alteration of flow periodicity induced by hydropower dams (\u201chydropeaking\u201d), and how changes in the time scales of flow variation promote or hinder particular organismal traits. He will conclude by showing recent work developed by his lab, aimed at understanding the mechanisms by which climate-change induced early snowmelt (and extended low flows), and flow intermittency, affect river ecosystem dynamics, based on field experiments in coastal and Sierra Nevada streams in California.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/EVrgRUlvHo9EjUfylBoitqMBCx4i-qoZERG8DwZPCrFXAA?e=M3Bdyr"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Fabrice_Papa.webp",Title:"The variability of water storage and fluxes over large tropical river basins from multi-satellite observations and their impacts on the land-ocean continuum",speakerName:"Dr. Fabrice Papa",SeminarTitle:"The variability of water storage and fluxes over large tropical river basins from multi-satellite observations and their impacts on the land-ocean continuum",DateTime:"21 May 2021 (Friday), 5:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Dr Fabrice Papa is a research Director at the Institut de Recherche pour le D\xe9veloppement (IRD-LEGOS, France) and has focused his research on satellite remote sensing of the Earth and its application to study the global water cycle. His main interests are the use of multi-satellite observations to understand continental hydrology and its interactions with the ocean, climate variability and global changes, particularly in tropical regions. He is a member of the Science Team (ST) of the NASA-CNES satellite Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) and co-leads the SWOT Working Group on River Science. After receiving his PhD from the University of Toulouse, France in 2003, he was employed at the NASA-GISS laboratory at Columbia University, NY, USA until 2010, when he joined IRD. From 2012 to 2017, he was on deputation at the IRD-IISc Joint International Laboratory in Bengaluru, India. He is currently on IRD deputation at the University of Brasilia in Brazil. https://publons.com/researcher/1742104/fabrice-papa/publications/",Abstract:"Terrestrial waters, despite being less than 1 % of the total amount of water on Earth\u2019s ice-free land are essential for life and human environment. They play a primary role in the global water and carbon cycles, with significant impacts on climate variability. A better characterization of their distribution and dynamic over the whole globe is therefore of highest priority, including for the management of water resources. However, despite their importance, basic questions are still opened such as: what are the spatio-temporal variations of the fluxes and storages of continental freshwater across scales and how do they interact with climate and the anthropogenic pressure? Those questions are specifically important for the Tropics which are now facing growing demands for freshwater availability. Firstly, using multi-satellite observation techniques, we will quantify the global variations of monthly surface water extent (at 25km spatial resolution) over ~25 years (1992-2015) and assess their recent changes both in terms of climate variability and anthropogenic pressure. For large river such as the Amazon, the Ganges-Brahmaputra (G-B) or the Congo, we further combined our surface water extent estimates with hundreds of radar altimeter-derived water level time-series and DEM data to derive the spatio-temporal variability of surface freshwater storage (SWS). Over the Amazon for instance, we show that the annual amplitude of SWS variations is of ~1200km3 and contributes to ~50% of the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE)-derived total water storage variations (TWS). During the 2005 exceptional drought, we estimate that the SWS deficit over the entire Amazon basin in October was about 70% as compared to other years. While over G-B we found similar contributions of mean annual variation in SWS to TWS as for the Amazon, over the Congo this contribution is smaller, around 20%. Over the Amazon, the SSW variations are then used to decompose the GRACE-derived TWS and to isolate the variations groundwater storage and show that it contribute to ~30% of GRACE-derived (TWS). Additionally, using radar altimetry observations, we quantify for these large rivers their long term discharge, providing an unprecedented sources of information on the dynamic of the fresh water fluxes to the ocean. We will illustrate the impacts of G-B and Irrawaddy rivers on the Bay of Bengal ocean dynamic. Finally, we will discuss the future of hydrology from space with the launch in 2022 of the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT, NASA-CNES) satellite, which in synergy with the current deployment of the COPERNICUS Sentinel program, will offer an unprecedented view of continental freshwater dynamics on Earth. Finally, we will discuss the future of hydrology from space with the launch in 2022 of the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT, NASA-CNES) satellite, which in synergy with the current deployment of the COPERNICUS Sentinel program, will offer an unprecedented view of continental freshwater dynamic on Earth.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/Edra1LZlgMBBlGrYPJXlNQcBMmohYPPlw5mOTz1XKqD-Eg?e=oiFsfI"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Jahnavi_Phalkey.webp",Title:"Beyond Science Communication at Science Gallery Bengaluru",speakerName:"Dr. Jahnavi Phalkey",SeminarTitle:"Beyond Science Communication at Science Gallery Bengaluru",DateTime:"26 April 2021 (Monday), 5:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Jahnavi Phalkey was appointed Founding Director of Science Gallery Bengaluru in November 2018. Previously Jahnavi held a tenured faculty position at King\u2019s College London. She started her academic career at the University of Heidelberg, following which she was based at Georgia Tech-Lorraine, France, and Imperial College London. Jahnavi was Fellow, Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin (the Institute of Advanced Study, Berlin). She was also external curator to the Science Museum London, and has been a Scholar-in-Residence at the Deutsches Museum, Munich. Jahnavi is the author of Atomic State: Big Science in Twentieth Century India and has co-edited Science of Giants: China and India in the Twentieth Century. She is the producer-director of the documentary film Cyclotron. Jahnavi read civics and politics at the University of Bombay and the School of Oriental and African Studies, London. She holds a doctoral degree in history of science and technology from the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta.",Abstract:"Seen to be at the vanguard of the STEM to STEAM movement, the Science Gallery network is the world\u2019s first university-linked network dedicated to public engagement with science and art with galleries in Atlanta, Dublin, London, Melbourne, Rotterdam, Venice, and Detroit. Science Gallery Bengaluru is the first such gallery of the network in Asia with the mandate to deliver a global mission drawing on the intellectual capital of three of India\u2019s leading research institutions, Indian Institute of Science, National Centre for Biological Science and Srishti Institute of Art, Design and Technology. In this talk, I will introduce the form and structure of the new institution, and explore with us the ideas that inform the shape of Science Gallery Bengaluru through her journey to answer to one question: what does it mean to go beyond science communication towards an engagement with science? Science Gallery Bengaluru is working with an idea we call \u201cliving exhibitions\u201d that expand conversations around research through atypical juxtapositions to draw in the public at large. SUBMERGE was our first foray into this format, where we actively brought together exhibits and connected programming around the theme of water and its intersection with human life. https://bengaluru.sciencegallery.com/submerge-programmes",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/EUMf8gbFlS1ClTGWm8IMcesB3i2vlXVrmjV58BMYp5dQmQ?e=UvOvDs"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Atul_Kumar_Sahai.webp",Title:"Skilful sub-seasonal meteorological forecasting for efficient hydrological modelling",speakerName:"Dr. Atul Kumar Sahai",SeminarTitle:"Skilful sub-seasonal meteorological forecasting for efficient hydrological modelling",DateTime:"24 March 2021 (Wednesday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Dr. Atul Kumar Sahai has obtained his Masters and Ph D degree in Mathematics from the University of Allahabad. He is Scientist G and the Project Director of Monsoon Mission at Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM) Pune, and is leading the group of Extended Range Prediction. Dr. Sahai has expertise in climate variability and prediction, climate modeling, tropical convection, monsoon dynamics, extreme weather, MJO, role of remote teleconnections from ENSO and IOD, climate change and regional climate scenario generation for impact assessment studies based on regional climate models, operational climate services, flood/drought, cyclones and extreme precipitation prediction, heat and cold wave prediction, high-performance computing, and utilization of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in the field of climate science. His most notable research led to the development of a dynamical ensemble prediction system for predicting the intra-seasonal oscillations of the Indian summer monsoon season. Due to the remarkable skill of this system, it has been awarded the ISO 9001:2008 standard certification in the year 2016 and it has been operationalised in India Meteorological Department. Since then, it is being used for real time forecasting of the onset, active/break spells and withdrawal phases of the Indian summer monsoon, heavy rainfall events, cold waves, heatwaves, Monsoon Intraseasonal Oscillations, Madden-Julian Oscillation, cyclogenesis, and fluctuations in summer/winter monsoon. Dr. Sahai has also formulated several strategies for the application of these extended range forecasts in agriculture, hydrology, health, and disaster management. He was given additional charge as Head, Climate Research and Services, India Meteorological Department (IMD) Pune for two years (2017 2018). During this tenure, he integrated and lead IMD Pune operations as per the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) formulated by World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and established Regional Climate Centre. Dr Sahai is also a Member of Scientific Steering Committee of World Weather Research Programme (2019-2022) of WMO.",Abstract:"Dynamical extended range prediction provides an outlook of meteorological parameters up to 2-3 weeks in advance. The extended range prediction group at IITM has developed an ensemble prediction system based on the Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) model adopted from NCEP, USA. This prediction system proves to be very useful in predicting the intraseasonal fluctuations such as onset, active/break spells and withdrawal within the Indian summer monsoon and also the extreme weather events such as heat/cold waves, cyclones and heavy rainfall events. This system is also skilful in predicting the extremes in monthly rainfall. The India Meteorological Department is generating weekly agricultural, hydrological and health bulletins based on these extended range outlooks. Such predictions in rainfall and other surface meteorological variables can also be used as an input to hydrological models to predict impending floods and inundations along river basins. Long lead-time predictions provide sufficient time for the decision-making process for the stakeholders. River basin rainfall forecast over the Indian region during the monsoon season in the extended range thus has several useful applications in the hydrometeorological forecast domain. In this talk it will be discussed that how the extended-range forecast is generated and how it can be used for efficient hydrological modelling to improve the flood forecast, dam management etc.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/ERH2jABN6lBDl-EY7jsRx7gBB7lzAhRKplVviUoG0wAmnQ?e=SyQfYW"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Aavudai_Anandhi.webp",Title:"Review and Analysis of Food-Energy-Water Nexus Studies: Conceptual models",speakerName:"Dr. Aavudai Anandhi",SeminarTitle:"Review and Analysis of Food-Energy-Water Nexus Studies: Conceptual models",DateTime:"25 February 2021 (Thursday), 6:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Aavudai Anandhi, Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor, Biological Systems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Food Science, Florida A&M University. She obtained her Ph.D from IISc, civil engineering department in 2008. In Dr. Anandhi\u2019s group, during research, teaching, and outreach, they often use this concept: \u201cThere are known knowns, known unknowns, and unknown unknowns\u201d. This aids in the application of computational intelligence for modeling ecosystem processes and their interactions at the food-water-energy (FEW) nexus while improving these predictions to environmental changes (climate, water-use and land-use) using complex systems engineering. They continue to develop novel solutions to engineering design and decision methodology for synergizing FEW systems for efficient, productive, and sustainable ecosystem management. For this they use a mixture of systems thinking approaches, conceptual and structural models, artificial intelligence, spatial statistics, and machine learning for analysis of the ecosystem services by exploiting new data streams to advance the system adaptation, resilience, and stress mitigation. Dr. Anandhi has authored 55+ research and teaching articles and obtained ~$12 Million funding. Her awards and recognitions include: \u201cEmerging Researcher Award\u201d at Florida A&M University; \u201cTeacher of the year\u201d award from Florida section of ASABE, ASCE\u2019s ExCEEd fellow and \u201cBlue Ribbon award\u201d for innovative educational materials from ASABE. Dr. Anandhi\u2019s work experiences and collaborations with software industry, state, federal and non-governmental agencies, as well in academic institutions in India, NY, KS and FL has provided the skills, experiences and knowledge to develop a successful program.",Abstract:"This talk presents a review and analysis of the current state of research and practice in the Food- Energy-Water (FEW) nexus. It is intended to provide scientists and practitioners in the FEW domains the tools, data, knowledge, and successful applications in this research and practice area. The talk also describes knowledge gaps in the FEW nexus domains. The objectives of this talk are (a) to synthesize existing knowledge in defining and conceptualizing FEW nexus for the stakeholders and help guide them in defining and conceptualizing their own FEW nexus, (b) to identify limitations and knowledge gaps. The following questions assisted in addressing the objectives: Which systems are involved? Where is the nexus applied or intended to be applied and at what scale? How are the nexus elements assessed? and Who should be considered? The study provides narrow and broad definitions as well as simple and complex conceptualization frameworks of FEW nexus that stakeholders can use while being aware of the limitations and knowledge gaps.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/EeUQb0NG1H5DoVspD11vncEBwuS4-CQAcw28KvcT5Ihbcw?e=yS0NaS"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Ramesh_Teegavarapu.webp",Title:"Towards Robust Hydrologic Modeling and Design: Utility and Validity of Quantitative Precipitation Estimates",speakerName:"Prof. Ramesh Teegavarapu",SeminarTitle:"Towards Robust Hydrologic Modeling and Design: Utility and Validity of Quantitative Precipitation Estimates",DateTime:"28 January 2021 (Thursday), 6:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Ramesh Teegavarapu, Ph.D. (Dr. T.) is a professor and graduate program director in the civil, environmental, and geomatics engineering department, at Florida Atlantic University, USA. He is also director of Hydrosystems Research Laboratory (HRL) in the department. He Is a Fulbright Scholar and Specialist and recipient of two research scholar and three excellence and innovation in teaching awards at FAU, a finalist for Distinguished teacher of the year award at FAU, and several national and international awards. He serves on the editorial board of multiple international peer-reviewed journals. His current research interests are climate variability and change, hydrometeorology, spatial precipitation analysis, hydroanalytics, water, and environmental systems modeling. Dr. T. has published over 125 technical articles in high-impact journals and conference proceedings and authored over 30 book chapters and is an author, co-editor, sole-editor of seven books from multiple reputed international publishers. He serves on multiple national and international technical committees related to water and climate change and held visiting professor appointments in Italy and Japan. Dr. T. has presented over 130 research talks including several invited and session keynote lectures in eighteen countries. He has organized, chaired, convened, and moderated over 80 technical sessions at national and international conferences and served on advisory committees of conferences and as general and technical co-chair of two international conferences. Dr. T. has designed and developed several innovative simulation and modeling environments/tools for understanding hydrological processes, hydrometeorological observations, climate change, and variability.",Abstract:"Accurate measurements of precipitation that characterize its spatial and temporal variability in a region are quintessential for the success of hydrologic modeling and design. Point measurements (i.e., rain gage observations) often plagued with systematic and random errors while lacking spatial coverage are questionable inputs to hydrologic design procedures and inadequate for distributed hydrologic modeling applications. Multi-sensor source-based quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs) developed as gridded datasets/products are increasingly being used by hydrological modeling and design communities. This talk will focus on QPEs developed using weather-surveillance radar (WSR) using rain gage information as ground truth and will address issues related to the generation of radar-based precipitation estimates, Improvements in QPEs, bias analysis, and correction methods. The utility and validity of these QPEs for hydrologic modeling, design, and hydrosystems disaster management will be discussed.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/EXeJ1cz-lWZDnai296QiQ7ABv__lhBj53fESnvCUnDtqOw?e=PYCUUG"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Wouter_Buytaert.webp",Title:"Citizen science and participatory monitoring of water resources",speakerName:"Prof. Wouter Buytaert",SeminarTitle:"Citizen science and participatory monitoring of water resources",DateTime:"22 December 2020 (Tuesday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Wouter Buytaert is a Professor in Hydrology and Water Resources at Imperial College London (UK). His main research interests sit at the interface between hydrological process understanding, water resources management, and sustainable development. He has two decades of research experience in the Andes, where he co-founded a regional initiative for the participatory monitoring of Andean ecosystems, which is active in Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia. He also works extensively in India, Nepal, and Africa, leading projects on climate change impacts, floods resilience, surface and subsurface monitoring, and the link between hydrological extremes and human health. Wouter obtained a PhD in Environmental Engineering at the University of Leuven, Belgium in 2004 and joined Imperial in 2009 after holding research positions at Lancaster University and the University of Bristol.",Abstract:"All over the world, water resources systems face unprecedented challenges from overexploitation, degradation, and changing climatic boundary conditions. This poses a major challenge to their sustainable management, which is often aggravated by a scarcity of scientific evidence to support decision making. Despite the advent of remotely sensed data sources such as satellite imagery, quantifying the nature and scale of hydrological processes still relies strongly on in situ observations, which are often time and labour intensive. For example, many of the worlds rivers and other water bodies are still poorly gauged, while hydrometric monitoring networks are in decline in many places. This makes it opportune to explore new arrangements to support and improve hydrological data collection and evidence generation. One such arrangement is citizen science, which refers to the participation of the general public in the scientific discovery process. Although citizen science in itself is not a new phenomenon, the advent of new technologies for hydrological sensing, data processing, and communication opens new perspectives for its application in a water resources context. Moreover, citizen science may provide an opportunity to make the evidence creation process more collaborative, transparent and inclusive. However, implementing sustainable citizen science projects faces many challenges, ranging from the deployment of adequate and robust technologies, to ensuring the generation of long lasting benefits for all the involved actors. Here I draw upon experiences from South America, Africa, and South Asia to discuss some of the challenges and potential solutions of implementing citizen science and other types of participatory monitoring in a water resources context. I synthesise these findings by outlining an analytic framework that may help in the design and implementation of citizen science for natural resources management.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/ETLuoB3HjL5HmC3hTIYo6dABc2BHcM5CiRpN1V4_7zloUQ?e=Fg2yxc"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Utpal_Tatu.webp",Title:"Water sanitation in the times of Covid-19 pandemic",speakerName:"Dr. Utpal Tatu",SeminarTitle:"Water sanitation in the times of Covid-19 pandemic",DateTime:"19 November 2020 (Thursday), 4:30 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:" Dr. Utpal Tatu is a professor at the Indian Institute of Science He obtained his his PhD from Department of Biochemistry at Indian Institute of Science and pursued his postdoctoral research at Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut where he went on to become an Assistant professor His most notable research delves into neglected and emerging infectious diseases with a focus to develop better treatments and diagnostic solutions. His research interests include interface between human, animal and environment with One health concept On going research on amoebiasis, Bebesiosis Candidiasis, Cryptococcosis, Giardiasis, Rabies, Trichomonosis and Trypanosomisis Most noably he has developed diagnostic solutions for antemortem diagnosis of Rabies, point of care diagnosis for Trypanosomosis and most recently for Covid 19 which is endorsed by ICMR He has received numerous accolades Birla science prize, Bioscience career development award from DBT and Ranbaxy Research Award to name a few He is an elected fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences He was formerly the Presidents of both the Proteomics Society of India and Vice President of the Indian Society for Mass Spectrometry He is also an editorial board member of the Parasitology Journal published by the Cambridge Press. Prof. Tatu is keen on applying his expertise in Mass Spectrometry as well as infectious diseases to address global health problems due to contaminated water.",Abstract:"Water safety and quality are fundamental problems in underdeveloped and developing countries like India Approximately half of our country\u2019s population practice open defecation and thrive in poor sanitary condition A significant number of communicable diseases in India are due to unsafe water and the lack of hygiene practices Contaminated water results in various gastrointestinal complications, diarrhea being the most common Diarrhea is the third leading cause of childhood mortality in India and is responsible for 13 of all deaths annually in children under 5 years of age. My lab at IISc has been studying neglected and emerging infectious diseases, including various gastrointestinal pathogens. We take into account interactions between humans, animals and their environment to understand the emergence and spread of infectious diseases Our aim is to improve global health by minimizing risks of infection by ensuring clean food, feed, air and water. We have the expertise to address issues of water safety standards and technology to identify undesirable chemical as well as microbiological components in natural water resources. To minimize the burden of deaths caused due to consumption of impure water, a solution would be to develop early and accurate detection and removal of gastrointestinal pathogens such as Giardia, Entamoeba, Cryptosporidium, Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Shigella toxin producing Escherichia coli and Rotavirus We also monitor the quality standards of natural water resources ground water, rivers, lakes and oceans. By using most sensitive and specific molecular methods such as mass spectrometry we ensure detection of ppb level contaminants in water.",link:[""]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Sharad_Kumar_Jain.webp",Title:"Hydrology and Water Resources Management in India \u2013 from Ancient to Recent Times",speakerName:"Dr. Sharad Kumar Jain",SeminarTitle:"Hydrology and Water Resources Management in India \u2013 from Ancient to Recent Times",DateTime:"20 October 2020 (Wednesday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Dr Sharad Jain is currently serving as a Visiting Professor, Civil Engineering Department, IIT Roorkee, India. He has about 38 years R&D experience in the fields of surface water hydrology, water resources systems, environmental flows, and impacts of climate change on water resources. He was the Director, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India, during 2017-20. Dr Jain was a Post-Doctoral fellow in Japan for one year, Visiting Professor at Louisiana State University, USA, for one year, and NEEPCO Chair Professor at IIT Roorkee (2009-2012). He was also the Director General of National Water Development Agency for a short-term. Dr Jain has co-authored five books, has written 35 book-chapters, about 250 technical papers, and more than 75 technical reports. Dr Jain is a member of Editorial Boards of three reputed technical journals. He was the Chairman of the Expert Appraisal Committee (River Valley and Hydroelectric Projects), MoEF&CC. He is/was member of many scientific committees.",Abstract:"Water is closely linked with human existence and survival. Relationship between humans and water is unique. Most ancient civilizations, including the Harappan (Indus Valley) civilization, developed and grew in the vicinity of springs, lakes, rivers and oceans. In the struggle for development, the need to carefully manage water propelled the growth of hydrologic science in ancient India. However, most of the knowledge of hydrologic sciences developed by our forefathers remained hidden and unknown to the world at large until the recent times. Based on ancient literature and evidences revealed by the recent explorations, this talk will provide some fascinating glimpses into the hydrological, hydraulic and related knowledge that was developed in ancient India. The talk will also cover the water management activities in different times and describe how the management decisions evolved in different periods in response to the type and magnitude of demands for water, preferences/choices of the society, and available technology at those times.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/EcpEBEKUn4lKpVIbpNMXUh8Baul0LXoJaSLEYbfhXsjfPw?e=4rFKbW"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.P.Somasekhar_Rao.webp",Title:"Water Science \u2013 Interface with Policy and Governance",speakerName:"Dr. P. Somasekhar Rao",SeminarTitle:"Water Science \u2013 Interface with Policy and Governance",DateTime:"29 September 2020 (Tuesday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Dr. P. Somasekhar Rao is a Doctoral degree holder (Ph.D) in Earth Sciences and has 30 years of working experience in land and water sector having worked with The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, Directorate General of International Cooperation, Government of The Netherlands, Asian Development Bank, Government of India and NGOs. Currently working at Government of Karnataka for the past 5 years as Director (Technical) in Water Resources Department. He had partnered with International institutes, National and State Government Departments, Academic Universities, NGOs and Donor Agencies with focus on water and agriculture. Dr. P.S. Rao also has a Masters degree in Business Administration (MBA) from Bharatiya Vidya Bhawan, New Delhi. Dr. Rao worked in China, Uzbekistan, Malaysia, Thailand and Bhutan and travelled widely around the world representing India\u2019s case in a number of international for a such as World Water Forums and a number of Inter-governmental conferences and facilitated participation of farmers in various international meetings and exchange visits with other country farmers. Dr. Rao introduced Modernization of Irrigation Management concepts and methodology in India and enabled setting-up the Advanced Centre for Integrated Water Resources Management (ACIWRM) in Karnataka State and designing an IWRM program in Karnataka to move towards River Basin Management. Dr. Rao was key in developing a new draft State Water Policy for Karnataka and setting up Karnataka Water Resources Information System. Dr. Rao pioneered the concept of Participatory Groundwater Management and developed Farmer Water Schools for groundwater management drawing from the experiences of Farmer Field Schools in Asia. Dr. Rao also supported evolving the Farmer Climate Schools engaging farmers with climate variability issues. Dr. Rao has several scientific and popular articles, technical reports to his credit and majorly brought out two important books on India\u2019s Water Resources and Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM).",Abstract:"Science influences society through its knowledge and world view. Scientific knowledge influence the way many individuals in society think about themselves, others, and the environment. Societal challenges often inspire questions for scientific research, and social priorities often influence research priorities through the availability of funding for research. Water is emerging the most essential focus to the future development and economic growth of any region / society. There has been a steady increase in the demand for water use from different sectors such as domestic users \u2013 urban and rural, economic sectors \u2013 agriculture & allied sectors, services and industry apart from environmental flow requirements. This needs a paradigm shift in planning investments and management of water resources. For effective and sustainable water resources management, several policies have been made in the past \u2013 both nationally and at state level, and some are being made and various departments or agencies in the government are assigned with the responsibility of implementing these policies. Some laws are also enacted to implement the policy. The whole gamut of these actions is the governance of water resources. Government of Karnataka committed to create an enabling environment towards achieving water and food security adopting the IWRM principles and approach and had setup a new entity ACIWRM which acts as a think tank to the state Water Resources Department, engaging in policy analysis, research, planning, capacity building and develop the knowledge base to gear up the department to its future vision. How was the water science knowledge harvested for evolving new water policy and what partnerships between government and scientific institutions are playing the major role in bringing in a paradigm shift in perspectives of water resources management.",link:["https://indianinstituteofscience-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/bramha_iisc_ac_in/EVtC4nEEawZJqwYMsClPPc4Bs91cN-mLE2zIKflN4x5MLQ?e=zcFQhq"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Bhanu_Neupane.webp",Title:"Can new technologies help achieve water security?",speakerName:"Dr. Bhanu Neupane",SeminarTitle:"Can new technologies help achieve water security?",DateTime:"31 August 2020 (Monday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Bhanu Neupane is trained in Hydrosystems, Water Resources Management and Knowledge Management. He has a PhD in water resources management from Canada and a second Doctorate degree in Business Administration from the International School of Management, France/USA. He started his career as a change agent for a GTZ-funded agricultural inputs project in Eastern Nepal in 1987. He also served as an Agriculture and Natural Resource Management Specialist for a governmental research organisation in Nepal. He joined UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation) as a Programme Specialist in 2000 and served with the UN system-wide World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP). He was made responsible for the implementation of the International Hydrological Programme in South and Central Asia between 2005-2011. Currently he is working for UNESCO as a Programme Manager for ICT and Sciences and Open Access to Scientific Research. He is also working in the area of Open Data, essentially to improve and increase access to scientific data and information. He is also a visiting professor and regularly teaches courses related to knowledge Management, Multi-criteria Decision-Making, Water Resources management, and Disaster Risk Reduction at Universities.",Abstract:"Technological solutions are transforming water resources management at an unprecedented pace. Management and governance of water resources are being influenced by a simple utilization of low cost intervention \u2013 such as a sensors \u2014 to the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and big data analytics. Such influences are, inter alia, helping to make reliable estimation of freshwater supplies, fostering access to high quality water, improving irrigation efficiencies for food production, and making industrial processes for energy production more sustainable. Technological innovations are also improving assimilation of vast amounts of data and information generated using a variety of platforms, unthinkable a few years ago. The technology aided information integration is contributing to better operation & maintenance, improving quality and management of water resources, thereby fostering their sustainable use and lasting resilience. But what is the global state of play for these issues? Are we inclusive and open in the process? What are the bigger questions? Is the science of hydrology and the data science or AI coevolving? What can be done to bring harmony between the two streams of sciences?",link:["https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WkRxOQ_yqQvpta4Xjg7e7YmBWL3MfkEX/view?usp=sharing"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Alan_Jenkins.webp",Title:"Hydrological Outlooks: what can we do and what could we do?",speakerName:"Dr. Alan Jenkins",SeminarTitle:"Hydrological Outlooks: what can we do and what could we do?",DateTime:"30 July 2020 (Thursday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"MS Teams",AboutSpeaker:"Alan Jenkins is Director of Science at the UK Centre for Ecology Hydrology (UKCEH), the leading UK centre for environmental science across water, land and air. With a background in hydrology, he has worked nationally and internationally on acid rain, water quality, water resources and climate change impacts He currently acts as the UK Hydrological Advisor with the World Meteorological Organisation and Chairs the UK input to the UNESCO Inter Governmental Hydrology Programme. He is leader of the WMO Task Team responsible for the development of the Hydrological Status and Outlook System (HydroSOS). He is also an Honorary Professor in the Lancaster Environment Centre at the University of Lancaster and a Visiting Professor in the Department of Geography, University College London.",Abstract:"Water related challenges, such as a secure water supply, floods, droughts, and ensuring ecosystem protection and conservation, are growing concerns. Water is consistently identified as one of the highest global risks in terms of impact. These challenges already affect tens of millions of people with estimated costs in the order of magnitude of billions of US dollars and are expected to intensify with future climate change, population growth and increasing economic activities. One of the significant challenges facing societies trying to effectively manage their water resources is a lack of hydrological information products that are targeted to serve the needs of different sectors. This information deficiency is often driven by three key factors: 1) insufficient available of local scale data, 2) a lack of regional to global coherence in hydrological information and modelling systems, and 3) limited dialogue between stakeholders and the multitude of actors which renders the understanding of stakeholders needs regarding the management of water resources unclear. Because of these shortfalls, water managers and stakeholders cannot properly assess the availability of water resources on different spatio-temporal scales nor can they foresee how this availability might change over the near future, thus rendering water management and planning difficult, if not impossible. This talk will focus on current techniques and capabilities for producing sub seasonal to seasonal hydrological outlooks. It will consider what advances are needed to improve the reliability and skill in these outlooks. Lastly, it will consider the difficulties in translating the outlook into actionable messages for stakeholders.",link:["https://web.microsoftstream.com/video/37c21589-6273-4ada-bfb9-ad3b92f05538"]},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Anil_Kulkarni.webp",Title:"Recent Advances in Himalayan Glaciology",speakerName:"Dr Anil Kulkarni",SeminarTitle:"Recent Advances in Himalayan Glaciology",DateTime:"21 February 2020 (Friday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"Lecture Hall, ICWaR",AboutSpeaker:"Dr Kulkarni is currently working as a Distinguished Scientist at Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru. He is instrumental in developing numerous remote sensing-based methods and models to understand Himalayan Cryosphere. These are widely used to map seasonal snow cover, glacier cover and moraine-dammed lakes. Further, these also are used to estimate glacier mass balance, stream runoff and to understand the influence of climate change on the Himalayan cryosphere. During his initial investigations, Dr. Kulkarni developed a methodology to map Himalayan glaciers using remote sensing data. This methodology was used to prepare glacier inventory of Indian Himalaya, providing information about the distribution of Himalayan glaciers, not available previously to the scientific community. Dr Kulkarni and his team have recently developed a model based on velocity, slope and flow law to estimate the distribution of ice-thickness. This is being used to estimate glacier stored water and mass loss for Himalayan glaciers. In addition, he is working on modelling Glacier Lake Outburst Floods in Himalaya. He also organises two weeks of training programs on Glaciology. Due to his significant contribution in the field of glaciology, he received numerous awards such as National Geosciences award, Polar science and cryosphere and team leader award from ISRO.",Abstract:"Himalayan mountain range is one of the major Water Tower of Asia and stores a large concentration of snow and glaciers. Water Towers generate more runoff due to high orographic precipitation and delay release due to storage as snow and Ice. Therefore, water is supplied during the hot and dry season, making many rivers like Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra perennial. Indus River considered more vulnerable under future climate change scenarios due to large contribution from snow/glacier melt, large population, high water stress and geopolitical conditions. In addition, the livelihood of large Himalayan mountain communities also depends on the availability of water from snow and glacier melt. Therefore, periodic assessment of the state of the Himalayan cryosphere is important. In this lecture, I will give a current understanding of Himalayan cryosphere and future challenges. Recently numerous new techniques and models have been developed to estimate glacier volume, mass loss, potential glacier lake sites, assessment of flash flood from Glacier Lake Outburst Flood and effect of climate change of glacier distribution. I will discuss the significance of these contributions and its impact of water security and livelihood on mountain communities."},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Laurent_Ruiz.webp",Title:"Critical Zone Science for Water Resource Management in Agricultural Landscapes",speakerName:"Dr. Laurent Ruiz",SeminarTitle:"Critical Zone Science for Water Resource Management in Agricultural Landscapes",DateTime:"28 January 2020 (Tuesday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"Lecture Hall, ICWaR",AboutSpeaker:"Laurent Ruiz research interest is to understand and model the interactions between climate, anthropogenic forcings, especially agriculture, and water resources at the landscape scale. He explores how pluridisciplinary approaches, spanning Hydrology, Agronomy, Geochemistry and Social Sciences can help conceiving better management of water and nutrient cycles in agro-ecosystems. His work relies primarily on long term observations carried out within Critical Zone Observatories in France (AgrHys https://www6.inrae.fr/ore_agrhys) and in India (BVET https://mtropics.obs-mip.fr/). He holds his PhD from Montpellier University (France) and is a researcher at INRA and IRD. He has been associated with the Indo-French Cell for Water Sciences at IISc Bengaluru since 2002. He is the PI of the ATCHA project (http://www6.inrae.fr/atcha/) focused on the adaptation of Indian agriculture to climate change.",Abstract:"In the time of Anthropocene, global changes are questioning the capacity of the planet Earth to sustain the development of human societies in the long term. In the past two decades, this concern has fostered world wise efforts to develop integrated studies of the \u201cCritical Zone\u201d (CZ), the thin layer of the Earth surface, from the top of the canopy to the bottom of the aquifer, hosting the continental biosphere and providing basic human needs such as water, food, energy and ecosystem services. Critical Zone Observatories (CZO) have been set up in various climatic, geologic and human contexts with a wide range of variables being monitored on the long term. Their main challenge is to ensure the actual integration of the multiple scientific disciplines at stake, from geosciences and biological sciences to social sciences, working within a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Using experiences from France and India, this seminar will illustrate how such integration can produce the knowledge required for effectively addressing environmental issues in agricultural landscapes."},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/S.Vishwanath.webp",Title:"The tyranny of small decisions- living with sub-optimality in the water and waster water sector: experience from the field",speakerName:"S. Vishwanath",SeminarTitle:"The tyranny of small decisions- living with sub-optimality in the water and waster water sector: experience from the field",DateTime:"20 December 2019 (Friday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"Lecture Hall, ICWaR",AboutSpeaker:"S Vishwanath is a Civil Engineer and an Urban Planner. He has 33 years of experience in the water, waste-water and sanitation sector helping design rainwater harvesting, aquifer recharge, wastewater recycling and ecosan systems. He is an Adjunct Professor and teaches a course on the theme \u2013 Water at the Azim Premji University, Bengaluru, India (http://azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in/SitePages/vishwanath-s.aspx). He is a Trustee with the Biome Environmental Trust (www.biometrust.org). One of the current projects is to help the traditional well-digging community build a million recharge wells for Bengaluru. He used to write a weekly column called Waterwise for the last 12 years for The Hindu (http://www.thehindu.com/profile/author/s.-vishwanath/). He has been part of the expert committee which helped formulate the Rainwater harvesting policy and law for Bengaluru, the Waste-water policy for Karnataka and the Water Policy for Karnataka being drafted by the Karnataka Knowledge Commission.",Abstract:"The management of water and wastewater is often seen as an institutional issue. Yet in the case of India there are many stakeholders at play apart from institutions and in fact, may crucially be using and in control of more waters and wastewaters than the government. In the quest for sustainable management of resources, optimality is put forward as a goal, whereas a series of sub optimality\u2019s, often in conflict with the optimal, is likely the way forward. How is rainwater harvesting to work in non-optimal worlds? How is groundwater to be used and recharged? What happens to faecal sludge from pit toilets and septic tanks and wastewater in a city ecosystem? Can livelihoods also be included as part of the management of water as a resource? Do policies and standards need a fresh look in this context? Why are we subject to the tyranny of small decisions ?"},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Murugesu_Sivalapalan.webp",Title:"Mega-trends in the Growth of Hydrologic Understanding: From Newton to Darwin to Wegener",speakerName:"Prof. Murugesu Sivalapalan ",SeminarTitle:"Mega-trends in the Growth of Hydrologic Understanding: From Newton to Darwin to Wegener",DateTime:"18 November 2019 (Monday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"Lecture Hall, ICWaR",AboutSpeaker:"Murugesu Sivapalan holds a B.Sc Civil Engineering (University of Ceylon), M.Eng in Water Resources Engineering (AIT, Thailand), and obtained his 1986 Ph.D from Princeton University. He was Professor of Environmental Engineering at the University of Western Australia for 17 years, before joining University of Illinois in 2005. Siva has published on a wide range of topics, including effects of heterogeneity and scale, flood frequency, eco-hydrology and water balance and water quality modeling. He was Executive Editor of the Hydrology and Earth System Sciences journal, and was founding chair of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences\u2019 Decade on Predictions in Ungauged Basins initiative. He is also co-founder of the new subfield of socio-hydrology. Sivapalan has received several awards for his research contributions, including the John Dalton and Alfred Wegener Medals of the European Geosciences Union, the Robert Horton Medal of the American Geophysical Union and the International Hydrology Prize of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences. Sivapalan was awarded the Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water (Creativity Prize) in recognition of his role in developing and leading the new field of socio-hydrology. He is a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering and recipient of the Centenary Medal of the Australian Government for service to hydrology and Environmental Engineering. He is currently visiting ICWaR as Satish Dhawan Visiting Chair Professor.",Abstract:"Hydrologic science has undergone transformative changes over the past 100 years, from early empirical approaches to rigorous approaches based on the fluid mechanics of water movement on and below the land surface. Challenged by limitations of traditional Newtonian approaches, and embracing a Darwinian, co-evolutionary Earth system science perspective, the pursuit of hydrologic science is now guided by altogether new questions and methodologies, with a particular focus on interactions and feedbacks between parts of the Earth system that co-evolve, giving rise to the adoption of comparative hydrology. In the emergent Anthropocene, this co-evolutionary view has expanded to involve feedbacks with human-social processes as well. Hydrologic science is now entering a globalization era with a focus on new phenomena that emerge from regional and global teleconnections of the expansion of the human footprint, calling for the adoption of novel Wegenerian approaches to understand the Earth system and the role of water in it. In this lecture, I will present key milestones in the transformation of hydrologic science from Engineering Hydrology to Earth System Science."},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Axel_Kleidon.webp",Title:"Understanding hydrologic cycling from a thermodynamic Earth system perspective",speakerName:"Dr. Axel Kleidon",SeminarTitle:"Understanding hydrologic cycling from a thermodynamic Earth system perspective",DateTime:"16 October 2019 (Monday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"Lecture Hall, ICWaR",AboutSpeaker:"Axel Kleidon studied physics and meteorology at the University of Hamburg, Germany and Purdue University, Indiana, USA. He received his Ph.D. in 1998 in meteorology from the University of Hamburg. After his PostDoc at Stanford University he joined the faculty of the University of Maryland in 2001. Since 2006, he leads an independent research group at the Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry in Jena, Germany. He regularly teaches courses on renewable energy and thermodynamics of the Earth system.His research interests fall into the highly interdisciplinary field of Earth system science and include topics such as the thermodynamics of Earth system processes, land-atmosphere interactions, the influence of vegetation, climate change, the Gaia hypothesis, and natural limits of renewable energies. He is the author of more than 100 scientific papers, co-founder and co-chief editor of the interdisciplinary science journal Earth System Dynamics of the European Geoscience Union (EGU), and has co-edited several books. He is the author of \u201cThermodynamic Foundations of the Earth System\u201d, published by Cambridge University Press, and is currently completing a book project \u201cEnergy \u2013 A Very Short Introduction\u201d, which will be published by Oxford University Press within the next year.",Abstract:" The hydrologic cycle is an integral part of the whole Earth system, converting substantial amounts of energy. These conversions follow the laws of thermodynamics, which set the directions and impose fundamental limits, yet these also result in interactions and feedbacks that emphasise the need for an Earth system perspective. In this talk, I provide the background for this thermodynamic description of the hydrologic cycle and use examples to show how thermodynamic limits in combination with a formulation of the dominant interactions can be used to describe the emergent behaviour. I show how this approach can be used to provide simple, yet physically-based estimates of evaporation and how hydrologic cycling responds to global climate change. I close with an outlook on potential future applications, highlighting the generality of the approach as energy, its conversions into other forms, and interactions are at the very core of literally every Earth system process."},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.JayKumar_PD.webp",Title:"Karnataka GIS : A tool towards transparent governance",speakerName:"Dr. JayKumar PD",SeminarTitle:"Karnataka GIS : A tool towards transparent governance",DateTime:"30 September 2019 (Monday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"Lecture Hall, ICWaR",AboutSpeaker:"Dr. Jayakumar P D is a team lead for capacity building division at Karnataka State Remote Sensing Applications Centre, Department of Personnel and Administrative Reforms (e-Governance), Government of Karnataka. He has PhD on Remote Sensing and GIS from Dept. of Applied Geology, Kuvempu University. His research areas include Optical Remote Sensing and GIS applications for natural sector. He has more than 10 years of experience in private, government and research & development sector in geospatial technology.",Abstract:"Karnataka Geographic Information System (K-GIS) is a flagship program of the state which is visualized as a geospatial technology platform that ensures availability of updated \u201cGIS ready data\u201d of specified standard. It is a novel initiative by the Karnataka State Remote Sensing Applications Centre (KSRSAC) to map and integrate all department asset data and make it available for both government and public through a single gateway i.e., K-GIS Portal (https://kgis.ksrsac.in/kgis/). The datasets are organized and standardized such that they are readily available, easily-usable \u201cintegrated\u201d GIS content for the entire state. The major activities of K-GIS are mapping and geo-tagging of departmental and public assets, integration of MIS data and developing GIS based Decision Support System to address the spatial challenges of Government of Karnataka (GoK) departments. Till date more than 18 lakhs asset related information was collected and organized in 350 spatial layers and the activity is growing. By using these spatial data around 40-45 GIS based mobile applications (Ex: Moulya, Dishaank, Chunavana, Data Collector etc.,) and around 50-55 GIS based web applications (Ex: Agriculture Dept, Family Welfare Dept, Education Dept etc.,) were developed and rolled out for department and citizen usage. It has also tailored the departmental applications with GIS content for taking decisions, tracking project implementation, monitoring progress and policy definition. Due to its implementation by GoK, all the government institute/infrastructure data and MIS information is available to the citizens, thus facilitating the Right to Information in a user-friendly manner. The maps are also available as a service to IT enthusiast and researcher to carryout research and development activities."},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Dipankar_Saha.webp",Title:"Artificial Recharge \u2013 An all-weather solution for Groundwater Crisis or Overrated Panacea?",speakerName:"Dr. Dipankar Saha",SeminarTitle:"Artificial Recharge \u2013 An all-weather solution for Groundwater Crisis or Overrated Panacea?",DateTime:"28 August 2019 (Wednesday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"Lecture Hall, ICWaR",AboutSpeaker:"Dr. Dipankar Saha is a former Member (Head Quarters) Central Ground Water Board, former Member Secretary, Central Ground Water Authority and Head of National Ground Water Training and Research Institute, Raipur He spearheaded the National Aquifer Mapping and Management Programme, as National Coordinator. He obtained PhD on Ground Water Management from IIT- Dhanbad and has authored more than 50 papers in International Peer Reviewed Journals and delivered more than 300 lectures and key note address in national and International Seminars. He is professionally trained from Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok and from JICA, Tokyo. He represented the country and presented papers in World Bank session at Kathmandu, International Atomic Energy Agency at Ho-Chi Minh City, and Vienna, World Water Week \u2013 Stockholm, India-UK Water Security Exchange- Wallingford, Oxfordshire, IAH Congress in Dajeon, Korea. He led the Govt of India Delegation to Myanmar. He remained member of many high level National Committees and has Edited/Co-edited books/Journals, the recent one is Water Governance- Challenges and Porospects published by Springer in 2019. He is the first recipient of National Geoscience Award in 2010 from CGWB as well as first recipient of Excellence in Ground Water conferred by International Association of Hydrogeologist-India Chapter in 2014.",Abstract:"Groundwater is the lifeline of drinking, irrigation and industrial water supply in India. With an extraction of ~ 250 km3 annually, India are the largest user of Groundwater in the world. Though a plethora of government documents and policy papers highlighting planned and coordinated extraction management of groundwater resources is available, in practice, it has been hardly followed. So is the case of artificial recharge, often referred as medicine of all groundwater woos but mostly being executed in a segmented and unplanned manner often divested with scientific understanding of the area. Groundwater extraction has never been planned in conjunction with its annual recharge. The reason is the lack of structured approach by the Government. We use more than 85% of our extracted groundwater for irrigation through ~ 22 million wells owned by farmers. In absence of any regulatory mechanism, coupled with sops offered by the State Govts, mainly in the form of energy subsidy, has initiated a reckless extraction, creating havoc. The latest estimates reveal that about 20% of the assessment units are either overexploited or are alarmingly close to it. Artificial recharge and rain water harvesting is considered as a panacea for groundwater depletion. The Centre and State Government Departments spend huge public money mainly through various schemes like MNGREGS. The recharge structures are hardly dovetailed with local aquifer understanding, thus lacking in two basic arenas, location and design, and resulting in sub-optimal benefits. The other important issue is the lack of source water, which is primarily monsoon runoff in India. In arid and semi-arid areas, dearth of source water is a major challenge. Inter-basin water transfer should also considered for recharging the depleted aquifer. Moreover, because of climate change, the monsoon pattern is changing. The traditional understanding of types of structures and their designs needs to be revisited to accommodate and withstand high intensity rainfall.There are areas where acute groundwater mining has rendered such a condition that even if all possible recharge measures are successfully implemented and working, the resource would continue to deplete. Such a situation warrants strict direct or indirect regulation of extraction. The NAQUIM outputs are enhancing our knowledge and understanding of the prolific as well as depleted aquifer systems. The time has come to think of mega recharge schemes in hydrogeologically suitable areas."},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.RD_Deshpande.webp",Title:"Frontiers of Hydrology Research \u2013 Role of Isotope Tracer Application",speakerName:"Dr. R D Deshpande",SeminarTitle:"Frontiers of Hydrology Research \u2013 Role of Isotope Tracer Application",DateTime:"16 July 2019 (Tuesday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"Lecture Hall, ICWaR",AboutSpeaker:"Dr. R D Deshpande is currently the Chairman of Geosciences Division of Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmedabad, which is a unit of Department of Space Govt. of India. He has a Ph.D. from the M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, based on his isotope hydrology research at PRL. Dr. Deshpande\u2019s research is focused on understanding the complex hydro-geological and hydro-meteorological processes using stable and radioactive isotopes as a tracer tool. His research in the field of Isotope Hydrology is well-known in India and abroad. He carried out a Regional Aquifer System analyses in the North Gujarat Cambay region to explain the temperature and helium anomalies in the groundwater vis-\xe0-vis tectonic frame work of the region. He has explained the origin and distribution of high levels of fluoride in ground waters of North Gujarat and suggested remedial measures against the endemic fluorosis. He has assigned radio-carbon and Helium accumulation ages to ground waters of Gujarat and shown that groundwater being exploited today in the water stressed areas was recharged several tens of thousands of years old. This highlighted the need for artificial recharge and rain water harvesting. He observed for the first time the kinetic isotope fractionation during liquid condensation under supersaturated condition. He has identified the zones of groundwater helium anomalies along the Narmada lineament as a signature of active hydrothermal circulation. Dr. Deshpande is the Principal Coordinator of the National Programme on Isotope Fingerprinting of Waters of India (IWIN) which is a multi-institutional collaborative research programme, aimed at isotopically characterizing various hydrological cycle components (sea surface water, atmospheric water vapor, rain water, groundwater and river water) to understand subtle aspects of interaction and exchange between them. Dr. Deshpande set up a state-of-the-art Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (IRMS) laboratory under the IWIN programme, dedicated for oxygen and hydrogen isotopic analyses of water and vapor samples. His research is based on numerous wide-spread and exhaustive field sampling across the country for collection of samples and their isotopic analyses. He has published more than 40 peer reviewed research papers based on this fieldwork. Dr. Deshpande is nominated as a Mission Expert in Isotope Hydrology by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna. He has served as a member of the several Expert and Advisory committees of MOWR, MOES and the DST. He is an expert member in the Board of Studies in Geology at M.S. University of Baroda and Research Development Committee of the M.G. Science Institute, Ahmedabad and Kachchh University, Bhuj. He is a Fellow of the Geological Society of India and the Gujarat Science Academy.",Abstract:"The contemporary hydrology is faced with great challenges of known problems and the greater of unknowns. Problems of water scarcity, anthropogenic pollution, geogenic contamination, dwindling surface flows, inequitable distribution and salinity ingression have turned clich\xe9 in hydrology community. The scientific processes underlying these hydrological problems are quite well understood and can be mitigated by appropriate field measures, treatment technologies, improved water use efficiency and policy interventions enforced with strong political will. While we grapple with these known water resource problems, there lies beyond a mind-boggling ignorance about certain aspects of functioning of hydrological systems, their natural course and response to perturbing stimuli. This ignorance about certain hydrological processes does not hinder the ongoing efforts of mitigating existing problems; therefore, it is presently on the back-burner. However, for a fundamental hydrology researcher, this ignorance defines the frontier of research. Filling these hydrological knowledge gaps will become essential in the coming decades to face the imminent scenario. This knowledge gap may seem only academic in nature at present but is bound to have societal implications. Some of the important questions in the above backdrop are: (1) What is the relative contribution of Western Disturbances and Indian Summer Monsoon in Himalayan precipitation, rivers and cryosphere? (2) How are wetlands in Northeast India participating in monsoon rainfall? (3) How to identify signatures of static groundwater being circulated into the surface and atmospheric components of hydrology? (4) How much of submarine groundwater discharge can be tapped without damaging marine ecology? (5) Are there deep sources of self-recharging and self-replenishing groundwater (seawater distillate or otherwise) other than static water? (6) What is the contribution of recycled moisture in Indian precipitation? (7) How to perceive the effect of varying Himalayan riverine influx in the Bay of Bengal? (8) Can the Bay of Bengal surface water cool below threshold temperature for feeding moisture? These and many more questions define the frontier of basic research in hydrology which can be defined only by multitude of tools and expertise in conjunction with each other. Isotope application is one such tool which can play an important role in this basic research pursuit. Progress hitherto and the possibilities will be discussed in the seminar."},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Veena_Srinivasan.webp",Title:"India\u2019s Water Crisis: Bridging the Science-Policy-Practice Gap",speakerName:"Dr. Veena Srinivasan",SeminarTitle:"India\u2019s Water Crisis: Bridging the Science-Policy-Practice Gap",DateTime:"26 June 2019 (Wednesday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"Lecture Hall, ICWaR",AboutSpeaker:"Dr. Veena\u2019s research interests include inter-sectoral water allocation and conflict transformation, impacts of multiple stressors on water security, ground and surface water linkages, low-cost sensing and citizen science, and sustainable water management policy and practice. More recently, she has initiated work on Bengaluru\u2019s lakes with the goal of understanding how lakes can contribute to water security as well as creating a citizen\u2019s dashboard, which synthesizes data from low-cost sensors and citizen scientists to help manage urban lakes better. Dr. Veena is in the leadership team of the Panta-Rhei initiative of the International Association of Hydrologic Sciences (IAHS). She was recently appointed to the Strategic Advisory Group of the task force for Monitoring SDG6 by UN-Water. Dr. Veena has served as a resource person for National Water Mission, and serves on the Steering Committee of the Water Conflicts Forum in India. Dr. Veena has won several awards for her research including the 2015 Jim Dooge Award for best paper in the Journal of Hydrology and Earth System Science from the European Geophysical Union, the 2012 Water Resources Research Editor\u2019s Choice Award from the American Geophysical Union. She has received an Editor\u2019s citation for excellence in reviewing for the Journal of Water Resources Research in the years 2016 and 2017. She is the current chair holder of the prestigious Prins Claus Chair in Netherlands from 2018-2020. She has also been invited to be an IUGG Union Lecturer in 2019. She has been a recipient of the Teresa Heinz Environmental Scholars Award, a Presidential Graduate Fellowship at Boston University as well as the government of India\u2019s National Talent Search Scholarship. Veena received her PhD from Stanford University\u2019s Emmet Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources (E-IPER). Dr. Veena holds a Masters in Energy and Environmental Studies from Boston University, Massachusetts and a B-Tech in Engineering Physics from the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay.",Abstract:"India is one of the most water-stressed countries in the world. However, despite an appreciable increase in funding for water research, high-quality science, that is usable by stakeholders remains elusive.There is an urgent need for \u201cuse-inspired\u201d research on questions that actually matter to stakeholders, trans-disciplinary research, and empirical primary data on fundamental science questions. But what does such research entail? What do we understand, what questions still remain to be answered? Finally, how does science actually translate into policy and practice? What are the policy levers or game changers and how do we ensure that scientific research actually informs efforts to adopt them."},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Purnima_Jalihal.webp",Title:"Desalination \u2013 Technical challenges and Road Ahead",speakerName:"Dr.Purnima Jalihal",SeminarTitle:"Desalination \u2013 Technical challenges and Road Ahead",DateTime:"29 May 2019 (Thursday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"Lecture Hall, ICWaR",AboutSpeaker:"Dr. Purnima Jalihal is a senior scientist who heads the Energy and Fresh Water group in the National Institute of Ocean Technology, India. She has coordinated many first \u2013 ever projects in ocean energy and desalination. She has jointly coordinated the world\u2019s first ever ocean thermal gradient based desalination plant at Kavaratti island in the Lakshadweep group in the Arabian Sea which has helped transform the lives of the small island community which had a serious lack of drinking water. For this work she was awarded the Vishwakarma Medal in 2006 by the Indian National Science Academy. This success led to more plants in islands and a demonstration plant offshore. Dr. Purnima is now attempting to scale up the technology and power such plants using ocean renewable energies. She has several firsts in the area of ocean energy as well, including a wave powered desalination system at Kerala, a wave powered navigational buoy and a hydrokinetic turbine. Her areas of specialization include offshore structures, floating and structural dynamics, renewable ocean energies and desalination.She has MS and PhD degrees in Civil Engineering from Duke University , USA. She is currently working on a large scale desalination project at Tuticorin thermal power station using the condenser reject heat and a self powered thermal desalination at Lakshadweep using the power generated from the temperature gradient. Additionally, she played a pivotal role is getting Cabinet\u2019s approval for India to become Member Country of the International Energy Agency\u2019s Ocean Energy Systems (IEA-OES) Technology Collaboration Program (TCP) with the NIOT as the participating agency in 2016 and held the first Ex Co meeting in India in November 2017.",Abstract:"The current scenario where water stress dominates most of the regions in India warrants new technological solutions for fresh water generation. Desalination has been on the horizon for some decades now due to large plants in the Gulf. There are several types of desalination methods predominantly thermal and membrane based. The technical challenges include proper methods for intake and discharge of seawater, optimization of thermodynamic parameters for thermal systems, chemicals and bye products for membrane methods and energy requirement optimization. The location, water quality and environmental impact and other parameters like availability of steam all need to be considered for appropriate selection of the desalination method. Desalination of brackish water as well as seawater promises to be a good solution to the water crisis. Desalination methods are energy intensive and towards lower carbon footprint, use of renewable energy forms need further exploration and development. Cost and energy reduction for thermal technologies and safe disposal of by products for membrane methods is the need of the hour."},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.GS_Srinivasa_Reddy.webp",Title:"Drought Monitoring System in Karnataka",speakerName:"Dr. G S Srinivasa Reddy (KSNDMC)",SeminarTitle:"Drought Monitoring System in Karnataka",DateTime:"25 April 2019 (Thursday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"Lecture Hall, ICWaR",AboutSpeaker:"Dr. G S Srinivasa Reddy is currently serving as Director in Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring Center (KSNDMC) since January 2015. He had his Masters and PhD degree from Department of Geology from Bengaluru University. He has joined this organization during 1991 as a scientist and served as scientific officer in KSNDMC from 2008-2015. His area of specialization is Hydro-Geology, Geo Technology, Ground Water Hydrology, Surface Water Hydrology and Agro \u2013Meteorology. He is serving as a member of Geological Society of India. He is also a member in state level Weather Watch Committee, state level Co-ordination Committee for Crop Insurance, state level Technical Committee on Sujala Watershed and Technical Committee on Climate Change Initiatives (EMPRI). He is a member of Karnataka State Disaster Management Authority, Technical committee of Karnataka State Ground Water Authority, general body of Karnataka Science and Technology Promotion Society (KSTePS), Expert Committee for Cloud Seeding Operations in Karnataka and State Ground Water Co-ordination Committee (SGWCC). He is serving as member in Technical Committee for issue of crop advisories in Karnataka State, Technical Committee on Interstate Water Disputes and Technical Committee to implement National Cyclone Risk Mitigation project.",Abstract:"Karnataka state is highly vulnerable to drought. In the last 13 out of 16 years (2002-2018), most parts of Karnataka has been subjected to severe drought. The successive drought condition has resulted in shortage of water for drinking, irrigation, etc. Also, groundwater levels are depleting and quality of water is getting deteriorated. Most important component in management of drought is related to weather system \u2013 its monitoring, forecasting and adopting. Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring Centre (KSNDMC) has taken proactive measures and has built a robust mechanism with a multi-disciplinary approach to provide Science and Technology based solution to tackle drought in Karnataka. The state-of-the-art ICT tools are being used extensively at the level of data collection, converting data into information, identifying and mapping vulnerable areas, forecast-alert-advisory dissemination to the end-user. KSNDMC has designed and installed a dense network of Solar Powered & GPRS enabled Telemetric Rain Gauge (TRG) stations covering all the 6425 Grampanchayaths (~25 sq km each) and Telemetric Weather Station (TWS) at all the 747 Hoblis (~250 sq km each) and 173 micro-watersheds to collect data and information on factors triggering drought or flood. . The weather data thus collected at every 15 minutes through these weather monitoring stations, analyzed at near-real time, maps and reports are being generated and disseminated to the customized users through auto-mode. The necessary web-applications has been developed in-house. The customized alerts/early warnings, weather information, forecast and advisories are being disseminated through email, SMS, dynamic web-portal, social media, electronic and print media. The weather related information, forecast and advisories are disseminated directly to the farmers, through interactive help-desk \u201cVARUNA MITRA\u201d on 24 x 7 basis. It is helping the farmers to plan their agricultural activities, minimize the crop loss due to any weather aberration. The initiatives taken up by KSNDMC have been helping the stakeholders for planning and executing drought mitigation measures at micro-level, to adopt resilient agriculture practice and efficient water management techniques."},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Prof.Bharadwaj_Amrutur.webp",Title:"Challenges for City Scale Multi-Sensor Anlaytics",speakerName:"Prof. Bharadwaj Amrutur",SeminarTitle:"Challenges for City Scale Multi-Sensor Anlaytics",DateTime:"29 March 2019 (Friday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"Lecture Hall, ICWaR",AboutSpeaker:"Dr. Bharadwaj Amrutur is a Professor in ECE Department and Chairs the Robert Bosch Centre for Cyber Physical Systems, IISc Bengaluru. After completing his B.Tech in Computer Science and Engineering in 1990 from Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, he did his M.S. in Electrical Engineering in 1994 from Stanford University, USA. Thereafter, he pursued his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering in 1999 from Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.",Abstract:"Cities and Utilities have started deploying connected sensors as part of their smart cities effort. Examples include pollution sensors in Pune, water sensors by BWSSB, smart electricity meters, smart water meters etc. However there is still a large gap in terms of general understanding of how to do this deployment in the most cost effective manner, while extracting the maximum value out of the data. He discussed some of the technical gaps in sensor fabrication, sensor calibration, deployment optimization, data access and multi-sensor analytics and talked on some of his team\u2019s ongoing work in the context of air quality sensors and pilot activities in Pune and Electronics City."},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Sharachchandra_Lele.webp",Title:"Reforming Water Governance: Philosophy, Hydrology and Institutional Analysis",speakerName:"Dr. Sharachchandra (Sharad) Lele",SeminarTitle:"Reforming Water Governance: Philosophy, Hydrology and Institutional Analysis",DateTime:"20 February 2019 (Wednesday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"Lecture Hall, ICWaR",AboutSpeaker:"Sharachchandra (Sharad) Lele got a B.Tech. in Electrical Engineering in IIT Bombay (1984) but then decided that environmental studies were more exciting and socially relevant. So, he did an M.S. on the environmental impacts of large dams at the Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru (1987) and then a Ph.D. in Energy and Resources from the University of California, Berkeley (1993), focusing on forest use in the Western Ghats.",Abstract:"Karnataka, like most of the peninsular states in India, is facing a serious water crisis. Basins have closed, groundwater is depleting, baseflows have dried up, and existing water is being inequitably distributed. Conventional responses tend to be supply side, lacking an integrated hydrological understanding, and top-down. A paradigm shift is required in multiple dimensions: the normative goals, the world view, the hydrological underpinnings and the institutional arrangements. He discussed the rationale and key elements of such a paradigm shift and make a case for using an interdisciplinary value-based framework for all efforts in reforming water governance."},{imgSrc:"../../../assets/images/Guest Seminar Series/Dr.Aditi_Bhaskar.webp",Title:"Effects of Urban Development on Streamflow",speakerName:"Dr. Aditi Bhaskar",SeminarTitle:"Effects of Urban Development on Streamflow",DateTime:"01 January 2019 (Tuesday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Platform:"Lecture Hall, ICWaR",AboutSpeaker:"Dr. Aditi Bhaskar is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Colorado State University. She specializes in changes to hydrologic systems from urban development, with a focus on interactions between groundwater, streams, stormwater, and landscape irrigation. She recieved her Ph.D. in Environmental Engineering from University of Maryland, Baltimore County.",Abstract:"Urban development consists of a collection of processes that have variable effects on water budgets, groundwater recharge, and stream flow flow. Some of the processes that were focused on in this seminar are infiltration of storm water, changes to evapotranspiration, lawn irrigation, water supply pipe leakage, impervious surface cover, and infiltration of groundwater into wastewater pipes. The methods used to investigate these drivers of urban base flow have been data analysis, field data collection, and mathematical modeling. Watershed-scale storm water infiltration was implemented as part of low impact development in a watershed that was converted to suburban development in Clarksburg, Maryland, USA. Stream base and total flow both were found to increase during development, relative to flow in reference urban and forested watersheds. The driving processes are suggested to be a reduction in vegetative cover and evapotranspiration, and an increase in focused groundwater recharge with watershed-scale storm water infiltration. In Baltimore, Maryland, USA, water supply pipe leakage and impervious surface cover were found to be less important drivers of subsurface storage compared to infiltration of groundwater into wastewater pipes. Current work on drivers of urban base flow focusing on semi-arid areas were discussed."}],ICWaR_Community_Seminar_Series:[{Title:"Investigating firn structure and density in the accumulation area of Aletsch Glacier using Ground Penetrating",speakerName:"Akash M. Patil (Visitor)",SeminarTitle:"Investigating firn structure and density in the accumulation area of Aletsch Glacier using Ground Penetrating",DateTime:"18 August 2025 (Monday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Venue:"ICWaR Seminar Hall",Abstract:"The role of firn structure and density in geodetic glacier mass balance estimation has been constrained, with studies in alpine conditions primarily relying on models. Our research focuses on understanding firn structures and firn density-depth profiles in the Aletsch Glacier's accumulation area using field methods, Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) as a geophysical tool, glaciological methods, and firn compaction models. We aim to characterize the firn structure and determine the spatial firn density-depth profiles by estimating electromagnetic wave velocities. Identifying reflection hyperbolae via semblance analysis from common midpoint (CMP) data sets is used for this purpose. Three density-depth profiles, up to 37 m depth, were obtained at various locations within the accumulation area. The Ligtenberg (LIG) and Kuipers Munnekee (KM) firn compaction models were selected from the community firn models (CFM) to evaluate how well the model results matched the observations. These models were adjusted to fit the estimated 1-D firn density profiles from CMP gathered by optimising model coefficients based on regional climatic conditions. We developed a method to estimate accumulation history by chronologically identifying GPR-derived internal reflection horizons (IRHs) as annual firn layers, validated against estimated snow water equivalent (SWE) from long-term stake measurements. Our findings emphasize the importance of direct measurements, such as snow cores, firn cores, and isotope samples, in identifying the previous summer horizon. We investigated the spatial firn density distribution and the glacier's accumulation history over the past 10-14 (2010-2023) years using a 1.8 km GPR transect, supported by CMP-derived density-depth profiles. Our study underscores the potential of integrating GPR, direct measurements, and firn compaction models in monitoring firn structures and density, ultimately enhancing glacier mass balance estimation in future research."},{Title:"A glimpse into the use of Machine Learning for studying alpine glaciers and a discussion on potential caveats",speakerName:"Codrut-Andrei Diaconu (Visitor)",SeminarTitle:"A glimpse into the use of Machine Learning for studying alpine glaciers and a discussion on potential caveats",DateTime:"04 June 2024 (Tuesday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Venue:"ICWaR Seminar Hall",Abstract:"In this talk, I will briefly describe the use of Machine Learning/Deep Learning methods for studying alpine glaciers, in terms of how much their surface has changed over the last decade and in terms of understanding the drivers of the observed mass changes, these being two major topics of my research. In the second (and more extensive) part, I will share a list of resources and research papers that cover various topics in Machine Learning, trying to highlight some caveats to consider when applying Machine Learning (incl. classical statistical) methods."},{Title:"The Fatal Traps of Turbulence: An Investigation into Submerged Hydraulic Phenomena",speakerName:"Sai Vikas Kona",SeminarTitle:"The Fatal Traps of Turbulence: An Investigation into Submerged Hydraulic Phenomena",DateTime:"21 May 2024 (Tuesday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Venue:"ICWaR Seminar Hall",Abstract:"The talk sheds light on the critical yet often overlooked hazards posed by submerged flow regimes downstream of hydraulic structures, especially during flood events. Traditional design approaches for hydraulic structures often neglect the potential consequences of unanticipated water levels during floods. This study fills this gap by conducting experimental investigations to characterize submerged flow regimes downstream of a rectangular sharp-crested weir at varying slopes (0, 0.004, and 0.008) using a laboratory flume. The classical flow patterns of submerged regimes, namely impinging jet, surface wave, surface jump, and surface jet regime, were analyzed. The experiments meticulously examine water profiles and parameter variations representing surface jumps and waves, revealing insights into the mechanisms underlying these fatal traps. Notably, the observed range of t/h values (where t and h denote downstream and upstream depths above the crest of the weir) at which regime shifts occur varies with slope. The profiles were extracted for each submergence level to develop the correlations for various characteristics of surface jumps and waves. Captured photographs of submerged flow regime patterns at different slopes and discharge variants undergo detailed image analysis to enrich our understanding of these phenomena further and offer valuable insights into the field of submerged hydraulics."},{Title:"Designing Organic Molecule Sensors for Water Contaminant Detection",speakerName:"Vishakha Chauhan",SeminarTitle:"Designing Organic Molecule Sensors for Water Contaminant Detection",DateTime:"29 February 2024 (Thursday), 4:30 PM (IST)",Venue:"ICWaR Seminar Hall",Abstract:"We have come across so many research papers that show the utilization of organic molecules for sensing various hazardous contaminants present in water entities. However, how many of us truly understand the process of designing and developing these sensors to reach a stage where they can detect specific contaminants amidst a myriad of other pollutants, and do so with high sensitivity? There are a lot of distinct aspects that must be kept in mind while designing the architecture of the molecule for selective detection of any particular substance. Join to get an idea of how the aforementioned objectives can be achieved."},{Title:"Parameter estimation with Metropolis-Hastings algorithm",speakerName:"Vivek Kumar Yadav",SeminarTitle:"Parameter estimation with Metropolis-Hastings algorithm",DateTime:"19 January 2024 (Friday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Venue:"ICWaR Seminar Hall",Abstract:"Hydrology still lacks physics-based equations at various spatio-temporal scales. Thus, resorting to empirical equations is inevitable. These equations have to represent complex processes, which are yet to be understood properly. Thus, we sometimes end up with non-linear statistical equations with parameters to be estimated. Though expert knowledge helps to estimate the range of these parameters, estimating them from a large space (let us say you have 3 parameters with parameter space of 20, 1000, and 50 respectively, that\u2019s 1 million parameter possibilities already!) can be a daunting task. Especially if your statistical model requires lots of computational time and resources. In this seminar I shall present a parameter estimation technique, Metropolis-Hastings algorithm, with the particular type being Delayed Rejection Adaptive Metropolis. The algorithm is a type of Markov Chain Monte Carlo method for random sampling. It is widely used in all kinds of fields and applications. The algorithm draws samples intuitively to converge to best possible estimate in the shortest time possible."},{Title:"Identification of dominant hydrological processes using sensitivity analysis",speakerName:"Ashlin Alexander",SeminarTitle:"Identification of dominant hydrological processes using sensitivity analysis",DateTime:"01 December 2023 (Friday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Venue:"ICWaR Seminar Hall",Abstract:"Recent studies indicate that hydrological models should be customized to align with distinct objectives and the basins being examined. This underscores the importance of understanding the hydrologic processes relevant to the specific objectives. In this seminar, we discuss how a sequential sensitivity analysis using the Efficient Elementary Effect (EEE) method is employed to select the sensitive parameters. The methodology is demonstrated for a highly parameterized hydrological modeling framework, SUMMA (The Structure for Unifying Multiple Modeling Alternatives). The methodology adopted not only helped to scale down the dimensionality of the problem in terms of computational demand and complexity but also allowed us to capture the dominant hydrological process of the catchment. The findings from this study align with the existing literature, thereby confirming the method\u2019s efficacy. By giving precedence to parameters with the most substantial influence it also helps to mitigate the challenge of parameter equifinality. The potential of the method is illustrated through one of the study basins in India. The extensive model runs required are conducted through high-performance computing."},{Title:"Glacier Tales from Ladakh: Science, Stories, and the Necessity of Fieldwork",speakerName:"\tShairik Sengupta and Arindan Mandal",SeminarTitle:"Glacier Tales from Ladakh: Science, Stories, and the Necessity of Fieldwork",DateTime:"03 August 2023 (Thursday), 5:00 PM (IST)",Venue:"ICWaR Seminar Hall",Abstract:"A field trip to the Stok Glacier in Ladakh to measure the mass balance, and to deploy weather measurement devices is discussed in the seminar. The importance of monitoring the annual changes in the mass balance and glacier climate is discussed along with the importance of the glacier meltwater as a water source for the village and local agriculture."},{Title:"Let us explore the cool sciences",speakerName:"\tMaya Suryawanshi R",SeminarTitle:"Let us explore the cool sciences",DateTime:"13 July 2023 (Thursday), 5:00 PM (IST)",Venue:"ICWaR Seminar Hall",Abstract:"In this seminar, introductory concepts of remote sensing and polar sciences will be discussed. It will start with the familiarization of polar ice features and will continue with the display, processing, and understanding of satellite images for the same features. Also, different physical parameters obtained from satellites will be explained. Furthermore, different scientific activities carried out during the Antarctic expedition will also be discussed. The goal of this seminar is to introduce researchers to the remote sensing of polar regions and make them aware of the Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica."},{Title:"My 69143rd step into the well",speakerName:"Balaram Shaw",SeminarTitle:"My 69143rd step into the well",DateTime:"15 June 2023 (Thursday), 5:00 PM (IST)",Venue:"ICWaR Seminar Hall",Abstract:"Droughts have far-reaching detrimental impacts on the environment, society, and economy, ranging from regional to national levels. As the drought characteristics are interrelated, multivariate analysis of those is necessary to understand the actual drought situation in a region. However, such studies are limited. Hence, this study aimed to develop a framework to investigate the meteorological and hydrological droughts using a multivariate analysis of drought characteristics in the Pennar River basin (a semi-arid region) of India, dominated by agricultural activity. Long-term observations (1980\u20132015) of precipitation, temperature, and streamflow were used to calculate the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) at a 3-month timescale. Based on these indices, drought duration, severity, and peak were abstracted using the Run Theory. The best-fit marginal distribution was determined for every drought characteristic to establish the bivariate joint probability distribution (the copula function). Based on the best-fit copula function, the joint probabilities and the joint return periods were estimated. Results revealed that, for meteorological drought, Frank Copula and Survival Clayton copula were the best-fit copula function for the joint risk of drought duration and severity and the combination of drought duration and peak as well as drought severity and peak, respectively. The joint return period of a drought event with characteristics above the 25th percentile of the same varies between 1 and 2 years, whereas it spans between 1 and 45 years for the \xad 50th percentile. This analysis will provide vital information for water management and planning in a region to mitigate droughts."},{Title:"Quantifying Climate and Catchment Effects on Streamflow using Budyko Framework",speakerName:"Pushkar Sharma",SeminarTitle:"Quantifying Climate and Catchment Effects on Streamflow using Budyko Framework",DateTime:"18 May 2023 (Thursday), 5:00 PM (IST)",Venue:"ICWaR Seminar Hall",Abstract:"Streamflow variability is affected by both climate change and direct human impacts within the catchment. Quantification of the role of these two factors has significant implications for water resources. In recent years, Budyko-based analytical methods have been widely used for such quantification due to their simplicity and efficacy. We present a comparison of such methods to attribute changes in streamflow in four Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX) catchments in the contiguous United States. Further, a new, improved Two-stage Decomposition method to separate the role of climate and catchment changes on streamflow is proposed, considering the uncertainty in the catchment parameter that further leads to a range of evaporative index values within a catchment."},{Title:"Monitoring and management of water pollution",speakerName:"Shairik Sengupta",SeminarTitle:"Monitoring and management of water pollution",DateTime:"06 April 2023 (Thursday), 5:00 PM (IST)",Venue:"ICWaR Seminar Hall",Abstract:"Charcoal-based water filtration is an effective and accessible method for purifying water. This filtration process involves activated charcoal, known for its porous structure and ability to adsorb impurities. This study was carried out with water samples collected from Kolkata and showed the simple yet effective use of charcoal-based filtration of polluted water."},{Title:"Fate of Carbon Stocks of Indian Vegetation",speakerName:"Abhishek Chakraborty",SeminarTitle:"Fate of Carbon Stocks of Indian Vegetation",DateTime:"23 March 2023 (Thursday), 5:00 PM (IST)",Venue:"ICWaR Seminar Hall",Abstract:" Carbon use efficiency (CUE), defined as the ratio of the net (NPP) to gross primary productivity (GPP), is a valuable metric to examine the extent of atmospheric carbon sequestered by vegetation into biomass. Evaluating CUE is essential for policymakers to devise future carbon sequestration policies and identify hotspots of carbon storage loss. Indian ecosystems face pronounced weather variability across the year. However, the role of weather variability, spatial patterns, temporal dynamics, and resilience to hydroclimatic perturbations of CUE in Indian terrestrial ecosystems remains poorly understood, particularly at sub-annual scales. The lack of sub-annual NPP datasets hinders remote sensing-based sub-annual CUE assessments, but this study derived an 8-day scale NPP dataset through an empirical formulation performed on moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) products. This study assesses CUE dynamics for India across its six homogeneous meteorological regions (HMRs) and the major biomes of each HMR, including croplands, forests, and grasslands, through a fine-scale remote sensing approach for 2000-2021. The results show pronounced variability of CUE across spatiotemporal scales governed by the water availability-temperature interplay. Distinct patterns were observed among the biomes, depending on the HMRs dictated by the land management practices of the regions. The study also derived sustainability maps of carbon stocks for India from the trend-persistence interplay of CUE, revealing alarming concerns across most HMRs. A severe loss of resilience of carbon stocks was observed, primarily driven by increased precipitation, and warming among meteorological drivers and soil and atmospheric drying among aridity drivers. Overall, this study highlights the critical role of CUE in assessing the carbon sequestration potential of Indian ecosystems and the need for a better understanding of the factors that influence it to develop effective carbon sequestration policies."},{Title:"River water, seawater, and groundwater interaction in Hooghly River",speakerName:"Biswajit Panda",SeminarTitle:"River water, seawater, and groundwater interaction in Hooghly River",DateTime:"23 February 2023 (Thursday), 5:00 PM (IST)",Venue:"ICWaR Seminar Hall",Abstract:"The rivers of the Himalayas (Ganges-Brahmaputra) bring a significant amount of radiogenic Sr to the oceans. As a result, it is believed that the increase in the ratio of 87Sr to 86Sr in seawater over the past 40 million years is mainly caused by the erosion of the Himalayan region and the subsequent transport of this material by these rivers. Estuaries, which are areas where rivers meet the ocean, play a major role in carrying dissolved and solid materials from the land to the sea. In this study, we present findings on the changes in Sr concentrations and the 87Sr/86Sr ratio in water samples with different levels of saltiness collected from the Hooghly (Ganga) estuary in India, which is dominated by tidal movements."},{Title:"Study to identify terrestrial Evapotranspiration response to Indian summer monsoon rainfall",speakerName:"Vivek Kumar",SeminarTitle:"Study to identify terrestrial Evapotranspiration response to Indian summer monsoon rainfall",DateTime:"23 August 2022 (Tuesday), 5:00 PM (IST)",Venue:"ICWaR Seminar Hall",Abstract:" Evapotranspiration (ET) is a process of mass and energy flux. Several different factors influence the ET from vapour pressure gradient, wind shear, temperature, soil type etc. The best description of this process being the Penman-Monteith equation, but it suffers from availability of poor data. This project work investigates the terrestrial ET response to rainfall during Indian summer monsoon comparing between onset & established period and established & withdrawal period using simple defined variables while deliberately ignoring temperature and other factors."},{Title:"Application of conceptual tank model to Malaprabha catchment using Simulink",speakerName:"Poornima Chandralekha",SeminarTitle:"Application of conceptual tank model to Malaprabha catchment using Simulink",DateTime:"11 August 2022 (Thursday), 5:00 PM (IST)",Venue:"ICWaR Seminar Hall",Abstract:": Rainfall-runoff model using one or more Tanks as a conceptual representation of input-storage-output systems for hydrological processes is extremely popular and has been widely used in significant parts of the world, notably in Asia. The present study is focused on the development and application of the Tank model to the Malaprabha basin, which is in the semi-arid region of Karnataka State, India. The novelty of the present research is that the Tank models were developed using Simulink, an extension of MATLAB is a graphics-based model development environment for system modeling and simulation. In the present analysis, models with 1, 2, and 3 tanks were created and applied to the Malaprabha basin using rainfall and climate data as inputs. Calibration and validation of the models were performed using observed streamflow records at the outlet of the basin. Various statistics such as the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), the coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and percent bias error (PBIAS) were used to evaluate the relative performances of the three model formulations in simulating total runoff at daily, monthly and annual time steps. Sensitivity analysis showed that the maximum contribution to total runoff occurred from the deepest tank, indicating the importance of groundwater contribution to runoff in the Malaprabha basin. The study demonstrates the potential for Simulink to serve as an important tool in the development and application of conceptual hydrological models."},{Title:"Preliminary studies on developing a sensor for dopamine",speakerName:"Pavithra N",SeminarTitle:"Preliminary studies on developing a sensor for dopamine",DateTime:"13 June 2022 (Monday), 5:00 PM (IST)",Venue:"ICWaR Seminar Hall",Abstract:"Dopamine is a catecholamine that is an essential neurotransmitter in the human body. Thus, even a minute variation in its concentration and metabolism leads to severe neurological damage or diseases such as Parkinson\u2019s, Alzheimer\u2019s, Schizophrenia, and many more. It could be prevented at some scale by early detection. Nanoparticles have a remarkable ability to be used in sensors for detection purposes. This study synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles for dopamine detection, accompanied by the enzyme tyrosinase used as a sensing material. The structural characterization of the nanoparticles and their interaction with dopamine via fluorescence spectroscopy was done to determine the sensitivity. The sensing material showed a selective response to dopamine and no response to interfering analytes like ascorbic acid, cysteine, and tyrosine. The limit of detection (LOD) of dopamine is observed to be 5 \xb5M. This study indicates that sensing material can be a probe for detecting dopamine. This material is further used to develop electrochemical or solid-state sensors."},{Title:"Assessment of the Seasonal Dynamics and Links with Environmental Change of the Carbon Use Efficiency of Indian Terrestrial Ecosystems",speakerName:"Abishek Chakraborty",SeminarTitle:"Assessment of the Seasonal Dynamics and Links with Environmental Change of the Carbon Use Efficiency of Indian Terrestrial Ecosystems",DateTime:"17 May 2022 (Tuesday), 5:00 PM (IST)",Venue:"ICWaR Seminar Hall",Abstract:"Global vegetation acts as a significant atmospheric carbon sink by converting atmospheric carbon dioxide to biomass. The efficiency of this conversion is termed the vegetation carbon use efficiency (CUE). It quantifies the carbon storage as useful biomass in the vegetation. It is defined as the net to gross primary productivity (NPP/GPP) ratio. CUE assessment is vital for policymakers as it helps plan future carbon sequestration strategies. Earlier studies have depicted the variation of CUE either using process-based models or satellite data for annual temporal scale (Chen and Yu, 2019, Sci Rep; El Masri et al., 2019, Sci Rep). Another study depicted the driving role of climatic factors on the CUE globally (He et al., 2018, Agr Forest Meteorol). However, the impact of meteorological, vegetation, aridity, and anthropogenic factors on the CUE of India\u2019s terrestrial ecosystems at sub-annual (seasonal, sub-seasonal transitional, and monthly) temporal scales is seldom addressed. This study utilizes the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products of GPP and the net photosynthesis to produce CUE of India\u2019s terrestrial ecosystems at the finer temporal scales (relative to annual scale), i.e., for the four seasons of India (winter, summer, monsoon, post-monsoon), the sub-seasonal transitions (wet and dry season transitions), and the twelve months. We analyze the CUE variation at the spatial scales of the country, homogeneous meteorological regions, provinces, land classes, and the Koppen climate zones from 2000 to 2021. We further discriminate the relative impacts of each environmental driver on the CUE variation of India\u2019s terrestrial ecosystems at these spatial and temporal scales. This study demonstrates the emergent responses of the carbon storage dynamics of Indian terrestrial ecosystems to its environmental drivers and can guide policymakers in ecological restoration."},{Title:"Increased risk of low water quality, eutrophication, and fish kills under warming in a highly industrialized stretch of the Ganga River ",speakerName:"Sneha Santy",SeminarTitle:"Increased risk of low water quality, eutrophication, and fish kills under warming in a highly industrialized stretch of the Ganga River",DateTime:"19 April 2022 (Tuesday), 5:00 PM (IST)",Venue:"ICWaR Seminar Hall",Abstract:"Extensive industrial pollution, agricultural runoff, and disposal of untreated sewage into the river have made Kanpur the most critical water pollution hotspot of the Ganga River. This study assesses the water quality with climate change for the mid and end of the 21st century and the resulting risk of low water quality, eutrophication, and fish kill in this industrialized stretch passing through Kanpur. For this assessment, climate projections from an ensemble of 20 GCMs for the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios are used to drive a hydrological model HEC-HMS coupled with the water quality model QUAL2K. The water quality parameters considered are dissolved oxygen, BOD, ammonia, nitrate, total nitrogen, organic, inorganic, total phosphorous, and faecal coliform. The simulation results show water quality degradation in the mid-21st century, improved by the end of the 21st century due to increased streamflow. The risk of eutrophication and fish kill is found to increase with climate change due to the more occurrence of low flow events."},{Title:"CESM simulation of monsoon low-pressure systems over India and a sensitivity analysis",speakerName:"Tresa Mary Thomas",SeminarTitle:"CESM simulation of monsoon low-pressure systems over India and a sensitivity analysis",DateTime:"04 April 2022 (Monday), 5:00 PM (IST)",Venue:"ICWaR Seminar Hall",Abstract:"Monsoon low-pressure systems (LPS) during the summer monsoon season (June-September) over India are a lifeline for the agriculture-dependent country. We use the Community Earth System Model (CESM1.2.2) to simulate the LPS characteristics (genesis, propagation direction, tracks, intensity, and precipitation) over India and the Bay of Bengal and analyze the influence of Southeast Asian mountains (SAMs) on these characteristics. CESM reproduced most of the LPS characteristics. However, a southward latitudinal shift of about 4\xb0 is simulated in the median of the tracks, which is likely due to the weaker simulated upper tropospheric meridional temperature gradient (MTG) in the Indian region. Removal of SAMs is found to have little influence on LPS characteristics. Further, it causes only a slight reduction in mean summer monsoon precipitation (by 5%) and LPS related precipitation (from 10.7\xb11.0 to 10.3\xb10.8 mm/day) over India, as SAMs have negligible influence on in-situ westward propagating LPS which are the major contributors to LPS related precipitation. The insensitivity of LPS characteristics and precipitation over India to the removal of SAMs can be attributed to their low height and the insensitivity of MTG to the height of these mountains."},{Title:"Coupling of hydrological and machine learning models for reservoir storage and inflow forecasting",speakerName:"Mr. Walter Samuel",SeminarTitle:"Coupling of hydrological and machine learning models for reservoir storage and inflow forecasting",DateTime:"21 March 2022 (Monday), 5:00 PM (IST)",Venue:"ICWaR Seminar Hall",Abstract:"Forecasting near real-time water availability in reservoirs helps in effective water resources management, flood control, hydropower generation, irrigation, and drought mitigation. The conceptual framework is built around a deep tech exercise encompassing artificial intelligence, deep-learning, water physics, hydrological science, and geoinformatics, alongside an innovative interdisciplinary approach. The predictive modelling exercise yields meaningful results when it is complemented with human understanding of the physical processes in the river basin. This is achieved by combining machine learning and hydrological modelling. Three deep learning architectures have been used \u2013 fully connected deep neural network, long short-term memory network, and WaveNets. They take inputs such as storage, inflow, outflow, and precipitation leading up to the reservoir and use these inputs to predict the inflow and storage level 30, 60 and 90 days ahead. The visualization and dissemination of the results of this exercise and other critical hydro-meteorological datasets are done through an interactive dashboard to help stakeholders make informed decisions."},{Title:"Numerical Modelling of Ozone Transfer and Microbial Inactivation for Wastewater Treatment",speakerName:"Ms. Reshma Mohan",SeminarTitle:"Numerical Modelling of Ozone Transfer and Microbial Inactivation for Wastewater Treatment",DateTime:"31 October 2019 (Thursday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Venue:"ICWaR Seminar Hall",Abstract:"Ozonation is currently considered as one of the most effective microbial disinfection technologies due to its powerful disinfection capacity. The solubility of ozone gas in water is limited, once dissolved, aqueous ozone engages in complex chemistry that includes auto-decomposition reaction with various constituents in water, in addition to reaction with microorganisms. The two widely accepted mechanism of aqueous ozone chemistry include Hoigne, Staeholin and Bader mechanisms and Gordan, Tomiyasn and Fukuton mechanisms. In efforts to meet drinking water regulations and to be cost-effective, it is required to optimize ozone dosage for disinfection. Therefore, there is a need to develop a robust and flexible tool to accurately describe ozone disinfection processes which can aid in design and operation. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has come into use recently for evaluating disinfection systems. A multiphase CFD model is developed to analyze the efficiency of ozone disinfection technology used in treatment of greywater in Berambadi primary school located in Berambadi village (rural Karnataka). The mass transfer of ozone species from gas into water is modeled using the Two-Film theory developed by Lewis and Whitman (1924). While the microbial inactivation kinetics by ozone reaction is modeled using the Hom-Haas Model. Transport equations for ozone mass transfer and reactions are incorporated to the multiphase CFD model (with the grey water as the primary phase and ozone as secondary phase). The developed multiphase CFD model is planned to be validated by comparing the numerical and experimental local ozone residual concentrations."},{Title:"Influence of Irrigation on Soil Carbon Fluxes for a Semi-arid Agro-ecosystem of India",speakerName:"Mr. Abhishek Chakraborty",SeminarTitle:"Influence of Irrigation on Soil Carbon Fluxes for a Semi-arid Agro-ecosystem of India",DateTime:"31 July 2019 (Monday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Venue:"ICWaR Seminar Hall",Abstract:"With the increasing population of India, not only is there a growing stress on the water resources of the country but also there is a need to increase the crop yield throughout the nation. Due to these reasons, there is a pressing need to switch to water-saving irrigation practices in the water-stressed climates of semi-arid dryland ecosystems of India. The transformation from flood irrigation to drip and sprinkler irrigation is one such method by which the water- use efficiency of irrigation systems has increased. Also, to cater to the needs of increasing population, there is a requirement to increase the crop yield by either intensifying irrigation or switching to high yielding varieties of crops. These transformations are expected to play a huge part in change in carbon fluxes from soils of these regions. Soil is the largest terrestrial carbon sink and plays an important role in carbon sequestration. Crop production through irrigation and fertilization results in the greenhouse gas emission from the soil to atmosphere. It is expected that a drip or sprinkler irrigation system would have a greater carbon footprint than a conventional flood irrigation system. This is partially attributed to the carbon emission during their manufacturing and partially to the heterogeneous and under saturated state of soil. There is a definite gap in understanding the soil carbon fluxes from the irrigation fields of semi-arid ecosystems in India. In this seminar, I wish to discuss a few methods by which the soil carbon fluxes from a heterogeneous agro-ecosystem of India present in the semi-arid climate can be addressed."},{Title:"Authigenic clay mineral formation by reverse weathering: Impact on global climate and heavy metal cycling in large water bodies",speakerName:"Mr. Biswajit Panda",SeminarTitle:"Authigenic clay mineral formation by reverse weathering: Impact on global climate and heavy metal cycling in large water bodies",DateTime:"07 July 2019 (Monday), 4:15 PM (IST)",Venue:"ICWaR Seminar Hall",Abstract:"Weathering of continental silicate rock consumes and supply cation to oceans and thereby modulating both climate and sea water chemistry (Raymo et. al., 1988). A series of secondary reactions dominate the transport of these cation from the weathering site to their point of release in oceans. These secondary reactions which lead to the formation of authigenic clay minerals thus acts as a controller of cation flux to the oceans (Misra and Froelich, 2012). The neoformed clays within the fluvial and oceanic system act as a sink for the soluble cation, thus playing a significant role in the global riverine and oceanic elemental budgets. The release of due to clay mineral formation is in contrast to silicate weathering that acts as a net sink of and is hence, termed Reverse weathering (Mackenzie and Garrels, 1966). Reverse weathering not only plays a critical role in the geochemical cycling of elements it also modulates the global carbon cycle. In this seminar I am going to discuss some aspects of reverse weathering and the ways to study the same in Indian riverine systems where in recent years heavy metal concentration have been on the rise because of anthropogenic activity."},{Title:"Physical and Geochemical Characteristics of the Brahmaputra River Basin",speakerName:"Mr. Walter Samuel",SeminarTitle:"Physical and Geochemical Characteristics of the Brahmaputra River Basin",DateTime:"09 May 2019 (Thursday), 4:15 PM (IST)",Venue:"ICWaR Seminar Hall",Abstract:"The Brahmaputra River suffers a dramatic change in elevation before it enters India along the eastern syntaxis where it exhumes large amounts of sediments which it eventually deposits along the plains of Assam and Bangladesh. This river system is one of the largest in the world with a high specific discharge and experiences several long-duration floods during monsoon, causing enormous damage to infrastructure, agriculture and livelihood of the inhabitants of low-lying areas in the flood plains. Physical studies carried out on the Brahmaputra river basin have utilised a single hydrological model to simulate the daily discharge. Relying on a single model often leads to predictions that capture some phenomena at the expense of others. Multi-model ensemble hydrological simulation has been an effective method for improving simulation accuracy. Geochemical characteristics related to the major ion chemistry and radioisotope systematics in this river have been previously studied, but none of these studies has focussed on using geochemistry to study flood events that occur annually in the Brahmaputra. The aim is to simultaneously dwell on the physical and geochemical characteristics of the river basin. This enables one to address and investigate questions based on geochemical attributes that may otherwise not be answered using a purely physical modeling approach."},{Title:"Modelling of Membrane Bioreactors: Hydrodynamic and Biokinetic models",speakerName:"\tMs. Reshma Mohan T.",SeminarTitle:"Modelling of Membrane Bioreactors: Hydrodynamic and Biokinetic models",DateTime:"06 March 2019 (Wednesday), 4:15 PM (IST)",Venue:"ICWaR Seminar Hall",Abstract:"The world is currently in a highly water stressed situation, with 844 million people around the globe with no access to clean water. By 2050, it is estimated that 5.7 billion people in the world will have to live in areas plagued by water scarcity (UN, 2013). The availability of safe drinking water in sufficient quantity is directly linked with how wastewater is managed. In India, about 38671 MLD of untreated sewage is discharged into waterbodies rendering these water sources unfit for use. To prevent contamination of natural water bodies and to achieve water sustainability, there is a need to value wastewater for its potential rather than discard it. Membrane bioreactor (MBR) has emerged as one of the leading technologies for treatment of both municipal and industrial wastewater due to efficiency in producing high quality effluents. There have been several modelling studies focusing on the biological processes and the hydrodynamics aspects of membrane bioreactor. Biokinetic models including the Activated sludge models, Hybrid models and integrated models is used to understand and capture the complexities of the biological processes in MBR. The Hydrodynamic models including Computational Fluid dynamics models (CFD) focus on MBR system design and optimization. A multiphase CFD model is developed to investigate the efficiency of the aeration system in the Membrane Bioreactor. The turbulence in the Bioreactor is modeled using k-\u0454 model and the diffusion of oxygen in water from aeration system is modeled using species transport model. The developed CFD model is also validated using existing literature experimental results."},{Title:"Monsoon low pressure systems and stochastic risk analysis",speakerName:"\tMs. Tresa Mary Thomas",SeminarTitle:"Monsoon low pressure systems and stochastic risk analysis",DateTime:"30 January 2019 (Wednesday), 4:15 PM (IST)",Venue:"ICWaR Seminar Hall",Abstract:"Every year India suffers from floods triggered by Monsoon Low pressure Systems (LPS), which cause disastrous effects at many locations in the country. In the past, a few studies developed procedures for identifying genesis points of LPS and algorithms for tracking their propagation. They were used on various reanalysis products to determine tracks of LPS originating in the Indian subcontinent. But none of those procedures are proven to be effective in predicting the interannual variability of LPS frequency observed by India Meteorological Department (IMD). Questions also arise on the subjectivity involved in the manual procedure (based on pressure charts) considered by IMD for detection of LPS tracks. Inconsistency also exists in future projections of these systems by various studies. Results obtained from investigations performed on different approaches to examine these issues would be presented."},{Title:"Spatio-temporal variations of runoff and baseflow components using isotopic methods",speakerName:"Mr. Siva Naga Venkat Nara",SeminarTitle:"Spatio-temporal variations of runoff and baseflow components using isotopic methods",DateTime:"28 November 2018 (Wednesday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Venue:"ICWaR Seminar Hall",Abstract:"The quantification of runoff and base flow components of hydrograph in terms of water fluxes and chemical composition is an important issue in catchment hydrology. Particularly in a riverine system contribution of hydrograph components depends on the initial state of the various hydrological reservoirs and on the characteristics of the hydrological input (precipitation). Baseflow reacts slowly to precipitation and is usually associated with water discharged from groundwater storage. By separating the baseflow (pre-event water) from the stream discharge the contribution of surface and groundwater can be quantified using stable isotope tracers. The stable isotopes of water namely 18O and 2H, which are part of the water molecule, are typically considered in the hydrological investigations owing to their spatio-temporal variations resulting from isotope fractionations along different phase changes of water cycle and diffusion. Various atmospheric processes such as advection, condensation and evaporation directly impact the composition of stable water isotope, which consequently influence the groundwater isotopic composition. As a part of the Isotope Hydrograph Separations (IHS), study has been done for Kabini catchment by applying end member mixing analysis (EMMA) to quantify the pre-event water and event water."},{Title:"Impact of Climate change on Water quality for Ganga river",speakerName:"\tMs. Sneha Santy",SeminarTitle:"Impact of Climate change on Water quality for Ganga river",DateTime:"31 October 2018 (Wednesday), 4:00 PM (IST)",Venue:"ICWaR Seminar Hall",Abstract:"Climate change will have significant effects on fresh water quality due to increase in river temperature and changes in magnitude of stream flow. Other major factors affecting water quality are the point and non-point sources of pollution which include industrial & municipal sewage discharge and agricultural runoff. Due to climate change, there can be deterioration of water quality even if the effluent discharged is within permissible limits. Objective of the study is to quantify the response of water quality due to climate change, and to identify hotspots of pollution in the Ganga River. Water quality analysis is carried out using a water quality model QUAL2K. The impact of climate change is assessed using 2 methods: hypothetical scenarios of temperature & stream flow and temperature outputs of GCMs for various RCP scenarios as input to water quality model."}]};function Lt(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.ynx(0),i.TgZ(1,"div",54),i._UZ(2,"img",55)(3,"div",56),i.qZA(),i.BQk()),2&g){const h=_.$implicit,A=_.index;i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("ngClass",0==A?"active":null),i.xp6(1),i.s9C("src",h,i.LSH)}}function Yn(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.ynx(0),i.TgZ(1,"div",57),i._UZ(2,"img",58),i.TgZ(3,"p",59)(4,"a",60)(5,"b"),i._UZ(6,"span",30),i.qZA()(),i._UZ(7,"br"),i._uU(8),i.qZA()(),i.BQk()),2&g){const h=_.$implicit;i.xp6(2),i.Q6J("src",h.imgSrc,i.LSH),i.xp6(2),i.Q6J("href",h.link,i.LSH),i.xp6(2),i.Q6J("innerHTML",h.Title,i.oJD),i.xp6(2),i.hij(" ",h.DateTime," ")}}function Et(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",63),i._UZ(1,"img",58),i.TgZ(2,"p",59),i._uU(3),i.qZA()()),2&g){const h=i.oxw().$implicit,A=i.oxw();i.xp6(1),i.s9C("src",h.imgSrc,i.LSH),i.xp6(2),i.Oqu(A.getTruncatedTitle(h.title))}}function wi(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"a",64),i._UZ(1,"img",58),i.TgZ(2,"p",59),i._uU(3),i.qZA()()),2&g){const h=i.oxw().$implicit,A=i.oxw();i.Q6J("href",h.redirectTo,i.LSH),i.xp6(1),i.s9C("src",h.imgSrc,i.LSH),i.xp6(2),i.Oqu(A.getTruncatedTitle(h.title))}}function er(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.ynx(0),i.YNc(1,Et,4,2,"div",61),i.YNc(2,wi,4,3,"ng-template",null,62,i.W1O),i.BQk()),2&g){const h=_.$implicit,A=i.MAs(3);i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("ngIf",!h.redirectTo)("ngIfElse",A)}}const Rn=function(g){return{animationPlayState:g}},ne=function(){return["/centres-and-facilities"]},z=function(){return["/events/monsoon-school"]};let U=(()=>{class g{constructor(h,A){this.route=h,this.router=A,this.paused=!1,this.$=$,this.data=Ti,this.slides=["../../../assets/images/Slide/8.jpg","../../../assets/images/Slide/1.webp","../../../assets/images/Slide/2.webp","../../../assets/images/Slide/3.webp","../../../assets/images/Slide/4.webp","../../../assets/images/Slide/5.webp","../../../assets/images/Slide/6.webp","../../../assets/images/Slide/7.webp"],this.news=ri,this.seminars=En}ngOnInit(){let h=this.route.snapshot.queryParamMap.get("route");null!=h&&this.router.navigate([h])}ngAfterViewInit(){setTimeout(function(){$(".carousel-control-next").trigger("click")},7e3),$("div.auto-scroll").children().each(function(){var h=$(this);setInterval(function(){var H=h.scrollTop();h.scrollTop(++H)},1e3)})}getTruncatedTitle(h){if(h.length<=110)return h;const H=h.lastIndexOf(" ",110);return h.substring(0,-1===H?110:H)}scrollToTop(){window.scrollTo({top:0,behavior:"smooth"})}}return g.\u0275fac=function(h){return new(h||g)(i.Y36(G.gz),i.Y36(G.F0))},g.\u0275cmp=i.Xpm({type:g,selectors:[["app-homepage"]],decls:105,vars:20,consts:[["id","carouselExampleCaptions","data-bs-ride","carousel","data-bs-interval","4000",1,"carousel","slide","p-md-3","p-1"],[1,"carousel-indicators"],["type","button","data-bs-target","#carouselExampleCaptions","data-bs-slide-to","0","aria-current","true","aria-label","Slide 1",1,"active"],["type","button","data-bs-target","#carouselExampleCaptions","data-bs-slide-to","1","aria-label","Slide 2"],["type","button","data-bs-target","#carouselExampleCaptions","data-bs-slide-to","2","aria-label","Slide 3"],["type","button","data-bs-target","#carouselExampleCaptions","data-bs-slide-to","3","aria-label","Slide 4"],["type","button","data-bs-target","#carouselExampleCaptions","data-bs-slide-to","4","aria-label","Slide 5"],["type","button","data-bs-target","#carouselExampleCaptions","data-bs-slide-to","5","aria-label","Slide 6"],["type","button","data-bs-target","#carouselExampleCaptions","data-bs-slide-to","6","aria-label","Slide 7"],["type","button","data-bs-target","#carouselExampleCaptions","data-bs-slide-to","7","aria-label","Slide 8"],[1,"carousel-inner"],[4,"ngFor","ngForOf"],["type","button","data-bs-target","#carouselExampleCaptions","data-bs-slide","prev",1,"carousel-control-prev"],["aria-hidden","true",1,"carousel-control-prev-icon"],[1,"visually-hidden"],["type","button","data-bs-target","#carouselExampleCaptions","data-bs-slide","next",1,"carousel-control-next"],["aria-hidden","true",1,"carousel-control-next-icon"],[1,"overflow-hidden","bg-light","py-1"],[1,"d-inline-block","text-nowrap","animate-marquee","text-danger","fw-semibold",3,"ngStyle","mouseover","mouseleave"],[1,"text-danger","text-decoration-none","d-inline-flex","align-items-center",3,"routerLink","click"],["src","assets/images/Book_N.gif","alt","Book Now","width","100",1,"ms-2","rounded"],[1,"mx-4","text-secondary"],[1,"text-danger","text-decoration-none",3,"routerLink"],[1,"container-fluid"],[1,"m-2","m-md-5","shadow","p-3","rounded","bg-white"],[1,"clearfix","mb-2"],["src","../../../assets/images/Faculty/Prof.PraveenCR.webp","alt","",1,"img-thumbnail","float-start","me-4","mb-2","bg-light","p-2",2,"object-fit","cover"],[1,"h4","mt-1","mb-3","bg-light","p-2","rounded"],[1,"d-none","d-md-block",2,"font-size","medium","text-align","justify",3,"innerHTML"],[1,"d-md-none",2,"font-size","small","text-align","justify"],[3,"innerHTML"],["id","ChairmanMsg",1,"collapse"],["type","button","data-bs-toggle","collapse","data-bs-target","#ChairmanMsg","aria-expanded","false","aria-controls","ChairmanMsg",1,"btn","btn-text-expand","collapsed","p-0","mt-2"],[1,"p-3",2,"background-image","url('https://images.rawpixel.com/image_800/czNmcy1wcml2YXRlL3Jhd3BpeGVsX2ltYWdlcy93ZWJzaXRlX2NvbnRlbnQvbHIvdjk5Ni0wMDlfMS1rcm9pcjRkay5qcGc.webp')"],[1,"row",2,"z-index","2"],[1,"col-md-6","px-md-5","me-2","pt-2","mb-2"],[1,"text-center","mb-3",2,"text-decoration","underline","font-weight","bold"],[1,"px-md-5",2,"text-align","justify"],[1,"text-center","px-md-5","mb-5"],[1,"mb-2"],["routerLink","/join-icwar","onclick","window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' });",2,"color","rgb(34, 163, 146)","font-size","large"],[1,"text-center","card","p-2","mx-md-5"],["src","../../../assets/images/new-Copy.gif","alt","New",1,"ms-2",2,"height","40px"],["routerLink","/centres-and-facilities","onclick","window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' });",2,"color","rgb(34, 163, 146)","font-size","large"],[1,"vr","d-md-block","d-none","p-0"],[1,"col-md-5","ps-md-5","ms-md-5","mb-5","mt-5","mt-md-0","text-center"],["src","../../../assets/images/cCauvery_ICWaR.webp","alt","",1,"align-self-center","mb-3",2,"max-height","20vh","max-width","100%"],[2,"text-align","justify"],["target","_blank","href","https://cCauvery.github.io",2,"color","rgb(0, 115, 192)"],["src","../../../assets/images/cCauvery_Map.webp","alt","",1,"align-self-center",2,"max-height","40vh","max-width","100%"],["id","news",1,"bg-dark-subtle","row",2,"justify-content","space-around","max-width","100vw","left","0"],[1,"card","col-12","col-md-5","m-1","px-0","shadow","mb-5"],[1,"card-header","card-title",2,"background-color","#0b8dd9b9","border-left","solid 10px #09669ce1"],[1,"card-body","p-3",2,"height","40vh","overflow-y","scroll"],[1,"carousel-item",3,"ngClass"],["alt","...",1,"d-block","w-100",3,"src"],[1,"carousel-caption","d-flex","flex-column","h-100","align-items-center","justify-content-center"],[1,"card-text","row"],["width","10px",1,"img-fluid","col-2",3,"src"],[1,"col-10"],["target","_blank",3,"href"],["class","card-text row auto-scroll",4,"ngIf","ngIfElse"],["externalLink",""],[1,"card-text","row","auto-scroll"],["target","_blank",1,"card-text","row","auto-scroll","external-link",3,"href"]],template:function(h,A){1&h&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",0)(1,"div",1),i._UZ(2,"button",2)(3,"button",3)(4,"button",4)(5,"button",5)(6,"button",6)(7,"button",7)(8,"button",8)(9,"button",9),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(10,"div",10),i.YNc(11,Lt,4,2,"ng-container",11),i.TgZ(12,"button",12),i._UZ(13,"span",13),i.TgZ(14,"span",14),i._uU(15,"Previous"),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(16,"button",15),i._UZ(17,"span",16),i.TgZ(18,"span",14),i._uU(19,"Next"),i.qZA()()()(),i.TgZ(20,"div",17)(21,"div",18),i.NdJ("mouseover",function(){return A.paused=!0})("mouseleave",function(){return A.paused=!1}),i.TgZ(22,"a",19),i.NdJ("click",function(){return A.scrollToTop()}),i._uU(23," Water Quality Analysis Services are now available for online booking. "),i._UZ(24,"img",20),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(25,"span",21),i._uU(26,"|"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(27,"a",22),i._uU(28," Indo-French Monsoon School on Remote-Sensing for Critical Zone Science, 15-17 October 2026. Apply Now! "),i.qZA()()(),i.TgZ(29,"section",23)(30,"div",24)(31,"div",25),i._UZ(32,"img",26),i.TgZ(33,"h1",27)(34,"b"),i._uU(35,"Chair's Message"),i.qZA()(),i._UZ(36,"p",28),i.TgZ(37,"div",29),i._UZ(38,"div",30),i.ALo(39,"slice"),i.TgZ(40,"div",31),i._UZ(41,"div",30),i.ALo(42,"slice"),i.qZA(),i._UZ(43,"button",32),i.qZA()()()(),i.TgZ(44,"section",33)(45,"div",34)(46,"div",35)(47,"h3",36),i._uU(48,"Programs offered by ICWaR"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(49,"p",37)(50,"b"),i._uU(51,"\u2022\tPhD in Water Research"),i.qZA(),i._UZ(52,"br"),i._uU(53," We offer a PhD program in Water Research."),i._UZ(54,"br")(55,"br"),i.TgZ(56,"b"),i._uU(57,"\u2022\tPostdoctoral Positions"),i.qZA(),i._UZ(58,"br"),i._uU(59," Prospective Postdocs, INSPIRE Fellows, CV Raman Postdocs, and NPDFs are encouraged to contact our faculty members directly to discuss potential opportunities. "),i._UZ(60,"br")(61,"br"),i.TgZ(62,"b"),i._uU(63,"\u2022\tProject Positions"),i.qZA(),i._UZ(64,"br"),i._uU(65," We offer a variety of project-based positions in Water Research. Specific positions available will vary based on the current project needs and requirements. "),i.qZA(),i._UZ(66,"br"),i.TgZ(67,"div",38)(68,"h3",39)(69,"b"),i._uU(70,"Are you interested to join us?"),i.qZA()(),i._uU(71," Find details on eligibility, application deadlines, and submission guidelines to take the next step in your research career "),i.TgZ(72,"a",40)(73,"b"),i._uU(74,"@Join ICWaR"),i.qZA()()(),i.TgZ(75,"div",41)(76,"h3",39)(77,"b"),i._uU(78,"Water Quality Analysis"),i.qZA(),i._UZ(79,"img",42),i.qZA(),i._uU(80," Find details on the water quality analysis services offered by ICWaR, including the parameters tested, sample collection guidelines, and how to book a slot for analysis. "),i.TgZ(81,"a",43)(82,"b"),i._uU(83,"@Facilities"),i.qZA()()()(),i._UZ(84,"div",44),i.TgZ(85,"div",45),i._UZ(86,"img",46),i.TgZ(87,"p",47),i._uU(88,"The river Cauvery is uniquely essential to India for geographical, historical, socio-cultural, and economic reasons. In this reference, the Centre for Cauvery River Basin Management and Studies ("),i.TgZ(89,"a",48)(90,"b"),i._uU(91,"cCauvery"),i.qZA()(),i._uU(92,"), a brain trust dedicated to river science and river basin management, was established in 2024 by IISc Bengaluru and NIT Tiruchirappalli, with the insights from cGanga at IIT Kanpur, the centre serves as a knowledge wing of the National River Conservation Directorate (NRCD). cCauvery is committed to restoring and conserving the Cauvery River and its resources through collating information and knowledge, research and development, planning, monitoring, education, advocacy, and stakeholder engagement."),i.qZA(),i._UZ(93,"img",49),i.qZA()()(),i.TgZ(94,"section",50)(95,"div",51)(96,"h5",52),i._uU(97,"Monthly Seminars"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(98,"div",53),i.YNc(99,Yn,9,4,"ng-container",11),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(100,"div",51)(101,"h5",52),i._uU(102,"News and Announcements"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(103,"div",53),i.YNc(104,er,4,2,"ng-container",11),i.qZA()()()),2&h&&(i.xp6(11),i.Q6J("ngForOf",A.slides),i.xp6(10),i.Q6J("ngStyle",i.VKq(16,Rn,A.paused?"paused":"running")),i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("routerLink",i.DdM(18,ne)),i.xp6(5),i.Q6J("routerLink",i.DdM(19,z)),i.xp6(9),i.Q6J("innerHTML",A.data.chairmanMsg,i.oJD),i.xp6(2),i.Q6J("innerHTML",i.Dn7(39,9,A.data.chairmanMsg,0,191),i.oJD),i.xp6(3),i.Q6J("innerHTML",i.xi3(42,13,A.data.chairmanMsg,194),i.oJD),i.xp6(58),i.Q6J("ngForOf",A.seminars.ICWaR_Guest_Seminar_Series),i.xp6(5),i.Q6J("ngForOf",A.news))},dependencies:[ue.mk,ue.sg,ue.O5,ue.PC,G.rH,ue.OU],styles:['.carousel-inner[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{max-height:65vh}.bg-light[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{background-color:#323030;color:#323030}button.btn.btn-text-expand.collapsed[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:before{content:"..Read more";display:block;width:100px}button.btn.btn-text-expand[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:before{content:"Read less";display:block;width:100px}div.card-body[_ngcontent-%COMP%] > .row[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;align-items:center;font-size:medium}div.card-body[_ngcontent-%COMP%] > .row[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:nth-of-type(odd){background:rgba(182,181,181,.3843137255)}@media (min-width: 768px){#news[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{padding:100px}}#news[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{padding:50px}.nav-link[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{position:relative}.nav-link[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:after{content:"";position:absolute;width:80%;transform:scaleX(0);height:1px;bottom:0;left:0;background-color:#030303;transform-origin:bottom left;transition:transform .5s}.nav-link[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:hover:after{transform:scaleX(1);transform-origin:bottom left}a[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{text-decoration:none;color:#000}.animate-marquee[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{animation:_ngcontent-%COMP%_marquee 20s linear infinite;font-size:clamp(1rem,1vw + .6rem,1.5rem)}@keyframes _ngcontent-%COMP%_marquee{0%{transform:translate(100%)}to{transform:translate(-100%)}}']}),g})();const Q=[{title:"The Weather Research and Forecasting model",details:"The Weather Research and Forecasting model is a mesoscale regional climate model that has been used for operational research. This model will be setup for the Bengaluru city to create reliable rainfall forecasts of high temporal and spatial resolution. ",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-8.webp",author:""},{title:"Open-source web-portal on different downscaling techniques",details:"It has been envisioned to develop an open-source web-portal on different downscaling techniques, specifically for urban areas. It is being developed in collaboration with the UNESCO. This web-portal is in a developing stage, and once it becomes operational, it is expected to provide an interactive interface for the urban climate change modelling community. In addition to the provisioning of downscaled information for an urban setup, this web-portal will also serve as an information-sharing platform for cutting edge research on climate downscaling. Faculty/ P.I.: Prof. P. P. Mujumdar",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-7.webp",author:""},{title:"Fundamental approaches to study problems involving fluid flow",details:"(a) Boundary conditions given for the simulation (b) Velocity along the channel at the after 1000 secondsIn fluid dynamics, there are two fundamental approaches to study problems involving fluid flow. First is the experimental study which typically involves construction of scaled models and second is the theoretical study that involves obtaining solutions from differential equations that govern the fluid flow, either analytically or computationally. The governing equations that define a flow problem are in differential form and known as Navier-Stokes equations. The art of developing and solving these equations to obtain approximate numerical solutions is called computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Modern studies apply both experimental and CFD analysis and the two complement each other. As part of the Urban Flood Model project, one of the low impact development applications, i.e. porous concrete is being tested to use flood water as a resource, experimentally as well computationally. The simulations for flow through the compound channel which has a smaller section comprising of porous concrete are being carried out using commercially available CFD code of FLOW-3D. Further, flow through an entire channel of porous concrete will be analyzed for estimating the seepage of flood water through it. ",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-6.webp",author:""},{title:"Conceptual model for evapotranspiration and recharge fluxes",details:"Conceptual model for evapotranspiration and recharge fluxes for various plots in the distributed hydrological model (DHM).",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-5.webp",author:""},{title:"High intensity rainfall in Bengaluru city under climate change",details:"High intensity rainfall in Bengaluru city under climate change for near future (2021\u201350) for RCP 8.5 Scenario with 10 year return period. The figure shows uncertainty in rainfall intensities obtained from Bayesian analysis. Results from various GCMs (shown on X-axis), Reliability Ensemble Average (REA) and from Historical data are shown. The climate change projections clearly indicate an increase in high intensity rainfall.",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-4.webp",author:""},{title:"Precipitation changes in idealized climate model simulations",details:"Precipitation changes in idealized climate model simulations where forest are converted to grasslands over a) entire global land, b) boreal regions (50o-90oN), midlatitudes (20o-50oN) and d) tropical regions (-20o-20oN) . In the case global, boreal and mid-latitude deforestation, one can clearly find the movement of the ITCZ towards the southern hemisphere.",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-3.webp",author:""},{title:"Variations in average monthly salinity",details:"Variations in average monthly salinity as well as O and C isotopic compositions at the Hooghly estuary and its relationships with the amount of rainfall and Ganges discharge.",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-2.webp",author:""},{title:"Integrated urban water management systems with sensor technologies",details:"Integrated urban water management systems with sensor technologies.",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Vignettes and Theme/res-vignette-1.webp",author:""}];function de(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"h5",32),i._uU(1),i.qZA()),2&g){const h=i.oxw().$implicit;i.xp6(1),i.hij("-by ",h.author,"")}}function Be(g,_){if(1&g){const h=i.EpF();i.TgZ(0,"div",25)(1,"div",26),i._UZ(2,"img",27),i.TgZ(3,"div",28)(4,"h5",29),i.NdJ("click",function(){const ie=i.CHM(h).$implicit,Me=i.oxw(2);return i.KtG(Me.showDetails(ie))}),i.TgZ(5,"b"),i._uU(6),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(7,"div",30),i.YNc(8,de,2,1,"h5",31),i.qZA()()()()}if(2&g){const h=_.$implicit;i.xp6(2),i.Q6J("src",h.imgSrc,i.LSH),i.xp6(4),i.Oqu(h.title),i.xp6(2),i.Q6J("ngIf",h.author)}}function gt(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",22)(1,"div",23)(2,"div",1),i.YNc(3,Be,9,3,"div",24),i.qZA()()()),2&g){const h=_.$implicit,A=_.index,H=i.oxw();i.ekj("active",A===H.currentSlideIndex),i.xp6(3),i.Q6J("ngForOf",h)}}function ut(g,_){if(1&g){const h=i.EpF();i.TgZ(0,"button",33),i.NdJ("click",function(){const ie=i.CHM(h).index,Me=i.oxw();return i.KtG(Me.slideTo(ie))}),i.qZA()}if(2&g){const h=_.index,A=i.oxw();i.ekj("active",h===A.currentSlideIndex),i.uIk("data-bs-slide-to",h)("aria-current",h===A.currentSlideIndex?"true":"false")("aria-label","Slide "+(h+1))}}let bn=(()=>{class g{constructor(){this.blogs=Q,this.currentSlideIndex=0}showDetails(h){this.selectedBlog=h}generateBlogSlices(h){const A=[];for(let H=0;H{class g{constructor(){this.timeline=Ai}}return g.\u0275fac=function(h){return new(h||g)},g.\u0275cmp=i.Xpm({type:g,selectors:[["app-timeline"]],decls:7,vars:1,consts:[[1,"container-fluid","text-center","mt-3"],[1,"container-fluid","px-5"],[4,"ngFor","ngForOf"],[1,"row","my-5"],[1,"col-md-2","d-flex","align-items-center","justify-content-center","text-center","me-5"],[1,"col-md-9","row","border","p-2"],[1,"col-md-5","col-12"],[1,"row","justify-content-center"],["class","col-5",4,"ngFor","ngForOf"],[1,"col-md-1","separator-vertical","me-5","d-none","d-md-block"],[1,"col-md-5","col-12","d-flex","align-items-center","justify-content-center"],[1,"w-100",2,"text-align","justify"],[1,"col-5"],["alt","",1,"w-100","shadow",3,"src"]],template:function(h,A){1&h&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",0)(1,"h2")(2,"b"),i._uU(3,"Timeline"),i.qZA()()(),i._UZ(4,"hr"),i.TgZ(5,"div",1),i.YNc(6,Ri,20,11,"div",2),i.qZA()),2&h&&(i.xp6(6),i.Q6J("ngForOf",A.timeline))},dependencies:[ue.sg,ue.uU],styles:[".separator-vertical[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{border-right:1px dotted #000;height:80%;align-self:center}img.w-100[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{border:1px;border-style:double;border-radius:1pc;border-color:#383434;margin:5px}"]}),g})();const Vi=[{name:"Aayushi Kochar",currentOrganization:"Graduate Engineer, AtkinsRealis",testimonialText:"I joined ICWaR GESS lab for my MTech thesis, and that time was the best part of my MTech journey. The ideas, research, help from friends, and guidance from Bramha kept my work moving at a good pace and even led to a new idea. The best thing about ICWaR has been the colleagues, who feel more like family. Knowing my interest in industry, Bramha made sure I worked as a JRF so there was no gap in my resume while I looked for a job. ICWaR has truly been my second family in Bangalore, and I\u2019m very thankful to be part of it.",workedAs:"Junior Research Fellow",duration:"",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Testimonials/Aayushi_Kochar.webp"},{name:"Likhitha P",currentOrganization:"",testimonialText:"Although I come from a hydrology background, working at ICWaR has helped me explore other disciplines like weather forecasting. Working under the guidance of renowned professors, attending seminars from people around the globe, and interacting with students from various disciplines are some of the best experiences in this center.",workedAs:"Project Scientist I",duration:"",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Project Staff/LikhithaP.webp"},{name:"Dr. Venkat Nara",currentOrganization:"Research Fellow in Hydrology & Water Quailty, University of Melbourne",testimonialText:"As a PhD Research Fellow at ICWaR, I engaged in interdisciplinary projects with a focus on hydrology and water quality. Throughout this journey, I mastered various mass spectrometry methods, conducted comprehensive field studies, and developed proficiency in desktop modeling. My research was centered on critical zone hydrological processes, contributing to innovative approaches in water sustainability. Collaborative efforts with distinguished peers not only enhanced my analytical capabilities but also significantly fostered my professional development, shaping my career trajectory.",workedAs:"PhD Research Fellow",duration:"",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Testimonials/Dr.Siva_Naga_Venkat_Nara.webp"},{name:"Dr. Abhinav Wadhwa",currentOrganization:"Postdoctoral Researcher, University of Illinois",testimonialText:"Opting ICWaR for my postdoc has been an immensely enriching experience, particularly in the realm of flood model development under a DST-funded project. The multi-institutional collaboration fostered at ICWaR has allowed me to forge close ties with esteemed faculty members, facilitating meaningful partnerships and deepening my understanding of cutting-edge research. From orchestrating workshops and training sessions to coordinating field visits, ICWaR s emphasis on interdisciplinary research discussions has significantly broadened my outlook. Moreover, engaging in tasks such as stock management, student guidance, monthly progress meeting, one to one interaction, and consultancy projects has provided me with a comprehensive skill set, enhancing both my academic and practical expertise. I extend heartfelt gratitude to Professor Pradeep Mujumdar for his unwavering support and guidance throughout my tenure at ICWaR. His mentorship, akin to that of a paternal figure, has proven invaluable in shaping my career trajectory. Professor Mujumdar s persistent encouragement, meticulous attention to detail, and constructive criticism have been pivotal in propelling my success in the field.",workedAs:"Postdoctoral Research Associate - II",duration:"",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Testimonials/Dr.Abhinav_Wadhwa.webp"},{name:"Dr. Tresa Mary Thomas ",currentOrganization:"Post Doctoral fellow, Carnegie Institution for Science ",testimonialText:"Extremely happy to be one among the second batch of PhD students from ICWaR. I believe that every problem that we face are multidisciplinary in nature and ICWaR is the place to think, tackle and determine the solution to water related challenges.",workedAs:"PhD Student",duration:"",imgSrc:"../../assets/images/Research/TresaThomas.webp"}];function ur(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"span"),i._uU(1),i.qZA()),2&g){const h=i.oxw().$implicit;i.xp6(1),i.hij("(",h.duration,")")}}function dr(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",6)(1,"div",7)(2,"div",8)(3,"div",9),i._UZ(4,"img",10),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(5,"div",11)(6,"h5",12)(7,"b"),i._uU(8),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(9,"p",13),i._uU(10),i.qZA()()(),i.TgZ(11,"div",14)(12,"p",13),i._uU(13),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(14,"div",15)(15,"p")(16,"b",16),i._uU(17,"Worked as: "),i.qZA(),i._uU(18),i.qZA(),i.YNc(19,ur,2,1,"span",17),i.qZA()()()),2&g){const h=_.$implicit;i.xp6(4),i.Q6J("src",h.imgSrc,i.LSH),i.xp6(4),i.Oqu(h.name),i.xp6(2),i.Oqu(h.currentOrganization),i.xp6(3),i.Oqu(h.testimonialText),i.xp6(5),i.Oqu(h.workedAs),i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("ngIf",h.duration)}}let hr=(()=>{class g{constructor(){this.testimonialsData=Vi}}return g.\u0275fac=function(h){return new(h||g)},g.\u0275cmp=i.Xpm({type:g,selectors:[["app-testimonials"]],decls:9,vars:1,consts:[[1,"title","container-fluid","bg-body-tertiary","my-4","py-4"],[1,"row"],[1,"col-md-12"],[1,"seperator"],[1,"container-fluid","px-5"],["class","col-md-4 col-sm-6 mb-4",4,"ngFor","ngForOf"],[1,"col-md-4","col-sm-6","mb-4"],[1,"card","h-100"],[1,"row","g-0","card-header","align-items-center"],[1,"col-md-5","col-sm-12","me-2"],[1,"img-fluid","p-2",2,"border-radius","1pc","width","150px","height","150px",3,"src"],[1,"col-md-6","col-sm-12"],[1,"card-title"],[1,"card-text"],[1,"card-body",2,"text-align","justify"],[1,"card-footer","text-muted","d-flex","justify-content-between"],[2,"margin-right","auto"],[4,"ngIf"]],template:function(h,A){1&h&&(i.TgZ(0,"section",0)(1,"div",1)(2,"div",2)(3,"h1"),i._uU(4,"Testimonials"),i.qZA(),i._UZ(5,"div",3),i.qZA()()(),i.TgZ(6,"div",4)(7,"div",1),i.YNc(8,dr,20,6,"div",5),i.qZA()()),2&h&&(i.xp6(8),i.Q6J("ngForOf",A.testimonialsData))},dependencies:[ue.sg,ue.O5],styles:[".title[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{text-align:center}.title[_ngcontent-%COMP%] h1[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{text-transform:uppercase}.card[_ngcontent-%COMP%] .row[_ngcontent-%COMP%] .g-0[_ngcontent-%COMP%] .col-md-5.col-sm-12[_ngcontent-%COMP%] img[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{width:100%;height:auto}.card[_ngcontent-%COMP%] .row[_ngcontent-%COMP%] .g-0[_ngcontent-%COMP%] .col-md-7.col-sm-12[_ngcontent-%COMP%] .card-body[_ngcontent-%COMP%] h5.card-title[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{font-weight:700}.card[_ngcontent-%COMP%] .row[_ngcontent-%COMP%] .g-0[_ngcontent-%COMP%] .col-md-7.col-sm-12[_ngcontent-%COMP%] .card-body[_ngcontent-%COMP%] p.card-text[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{margin-bottom:0}.card-body[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.card-footer.text-muted[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{display:flex;justify-content:space-between}"]}),g})();const ba=[{title:"Floods in a changing climate",details:"",link:"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yTR90oWjb5M"},{title:"Vulnerability of Water Resources to Climate Change",details:"",link:"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2-tiGpm4Pao"}],Wi=["scrollToTopButton"];function tr(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.ynx(0),i.TgZ(1,"div",4)(2,"h4",5)(3,"b"),i._uU(4),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(5,"h5",5),i._uU(6),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(7,"div",6)(8,"a",7),i._uU(9,"Click here to view"),i.qZA()()(),i.BQk()),2&g){const h=_.$implicit;i.xp6(4),i.Oqu(h.title),i.xp6(2),i.Oqu(h.details),i.xp6(2),i.Q6J("href",h.link,i.LSH)}}let Ur=(()=>{class g{constructor(){this.outreach=ba}ngOnInit(){window.addEventListener("scroll",this.scrollFunction.bind(this))}scrollFunction(){this.scrollToTopButton&&(this.scrollToTopButton.nativeElement.style.display=window.scrollY>300?"block":"none")}scrollToTop(){window.scrollTo({top:0,behavior:"smooth"})}}return g.\u0275fac=function(h){return new(h||g)},g.\u0275cmp=i.Xpm({type:g,selectors:[["app-outreach"]],viewQuery:function(h,A){if(1&h&&i.Gf(Wi,5),2&h){let H;i.iGM(H=i.CRH())&&(A.scrollToTopButton=H.first)}},decls:9,vars:1,consts:[[1,"container-fluid","text-center","mt-3"],[1,"p-5","mt-4","row","d-flex","justify-content-center","col-12","pt-0"],[4,"ngFor","ngForOf"],[1,"scroll-to-top","d-none","d-md-block",3,"click"],[1,"row","shadow","border","card","border-1","mb-2","col-12","col-md-10","border-dark","p-3"],[1,"text"],[1,"col-12","d-flex"],["target","_blank",1,"ms-auto",3,"href"]],template:function(h,A){1&h&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",0)(1,"h2")(2,"b"),i._uU(3,"Outreach"),i.qZA()()(),i._UZ(4,"hr"),i.TgZ(5,"div",1),i.YNc(6,tr,10,3,"ng-container",2),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(7,"button",3),i.NdJ("click",function(){return A.scrollToTop()}),i._uU(8,"\u2191"),i.qZA()),2&h&&(i.xp6(6),i.Q6J("ngForOf",A.outreach))},dependencies:[ue.sg],styles:[".scroll-to-top[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{position:fixed;bottom:20px;right:20px;z-index:1000;display:none;background-color:#0056b3;color:#fff;border:none;border-radius:50%;width:40px;height:40px;font-size:20px;cursor:pointer;outline:none;transition:background-color .3s ease}.scroll-to-top[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:hover{background-color:#004080}"]}),g})();const Hr=["scrollToTopButton"];function Sr(g,_){if(1&g&&i._UZ(0,"img",27),2&g){const h=i.oxw().$implicit;i.Q6J("src",h.imgSrc,i.LSH)}}function fr(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"a",28),i._uU(1,"To Join / Watch"),i.qZA()),2&g){const h=i.oxw().$implicit;i.Q6J("href",h.link,i.LSH)}}function Gt(g,_){if(1&g&&i._UZ(0,"img",29),2&g){const h=i.oxw().$implicit;i.Q6J("src",h.imgSrc,i.LSH)}}function sn(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.ynx(0),i.TgZ(1,"div",12)(2,"div",13)(3,"div",14)(4,"h4")(5,"b"),i._uU(6),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(7,"h3",15)(8,"b"),i._UZ(9,"span",16),i.qZA()(),i.YNc(10,Sr,1,1,"img",17),i.TgZ(11,"h5")(12,"b"),i._uU(13,"Speaker: "),i.qZA(),i._uU(14),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(15,"h5")(16,"b"),i._uU(17,"Platform: "),i.qZA(),i._uU(18),i.YNc(19,fr,2,1,"a",18),i._uU(20,")"),i.qZA(),i._UZ(21,"br"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(22,"div",19),i.YNc(23,Gt,1,1,"img",20),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(24,"div",21)(25,"div",22)(26,"h5")(27,"b"),i._uU(28,"Abstract:"),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(29,"h6",15),i._UZ(30,"span",16),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(31,"h5")(32,"b"),i._uU(33,"About the Speaker:"),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(34,"h6",23),i._uU(35),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(36,"div",24),i._UZ(37,"button",25),i.qZA(),i._UZ(38,"hr",26),i.qZA()()(),i.BQk()),2&g){const h=_.$implicit,A=_.index;i.xp6(6),i.Oqu(h.DateTime),i.xp6(3),i.Q6J("innerHTML",h.Title,i.oJD),i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("ngIf",h.imgSrc),i.xp6(4),i.Oqu(h.speakerName),i.xp6(4),i.hij("",h.Platform," ("),i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("ngIf",h.link),i.xp6(4),i.Q6J("ngIf",h.imgSrc),i.xp6(2),i.s9C("id",A),i.xp6(5),i.Q6J("innerHTML",h.Abstract,i.oJD),i.xp6(5),i.Oqu(h.AboutSpeaker),i.xp6(2),i.uIk("data-bs-target","#"+A)("aria-controls",A)}}function Nn(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",10),i.YNc(1,sn,39,12,"ng-container",11),i.qZA()),2&g){const h=i.oxw();i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("ngForOf",h.seminars.ICWaR_Guest_Seminar_Series)}}function nr(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.ynx(0),i.TgZ(1,"div",12)(2,"div",31)(3,"h4")(4,"b"),i._uU(5),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(6,"h3",23)(7,"b"),i._uU(8),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(9,"h5",32)(10,"b"),i._uU(11,"Speaker:"),i.qZA(),i._uU(12),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(13,"div",33)(14,"h5")(15,"b"),i._uU(16,"Abstract:"),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(17,"h6",34),i._uU(18),i.qZA(),i._UZ(19,"br"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(20,"div",24),i._UZ(21,"button",25),i.qZA(),i._UZ(22,"hr",26),i.qZA()(),i.BQk()),2&g){const h=_.$implicit,A=_.index;i.xp6(5),i.Oqu(h.DateTime),i.xp6(3),i.Oqu(h.Title),i.xp6(4),i.hij(" ",h.speakerName,""),i.xp6(1),i.s9C("id",A),i.xp6(5),i.Oqu(h.Abstract),i.xp6(3),i.uIk("data-bs-target","#"+A)("aria-controls",A)}}function Ln(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",30),i.YNc(1,nr,23,7,"ng-container",11),i.qZA()),2&g){const h=i.oxw();i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("ngForOf",h.seminars.ICWaR_Community_Seminar_Series)}}let Ni=(()=>{class g{constructor(h,A){this.route=h,this.router=A,this.seminars=En,this.selectedTab="GuestSeminars"}ngOnInit(){window.addEventListener("scroll",this.scrollFunction.bind(this));const h=this.route.snapshot.firstChild?.routeConfig?.path;this.seminars=En,this.selectedTab="community-seminars"===h?"CommunitySeminars":"GuestSeminars"}updateData(h){this.selectedTab=h,this.router.navigate("GuestSeminars"===h?["guest-seminars"]:["community-seminars"],{relativeTo:this.route})}removeSpaceFromString(h){return h.replaceAll(" ","_")}scrollFunction(){this.scrollToTopButton&&(this.scrollToTopButton.nativeElement.style.display=window.scrollY>300?"block":"none")}scrollToTop(){window.scrollTo({top:0,behavior:"smooth"})}}return g.\u0275fac=function(h){return new(h||g)(i.Y36(G.gz),i.Y36(G.F0))},g.\u0275cmp=i.Xpm({type:g,selectors:[["app-seminars"]],viewQuery:function(h,A){if(1&h&&i.Gf(Hr,5),2&h){let H;i.iGM(H=i.CRH())&&(A.scrollToTopButton=H.first)}},decls:18,vars:8,consts:[[1,"container-fluid","mt-4","px-5"],[1,"row"],[1,"col-md-6"],[1,"d-flex","flex-wrap","justify-content-end"],["id","GuestSeminarsBtn",1,"btn","me-2",3,"click"],["id","CommunitySeminarsBtn",1,"btn","me-2",3,"click"],["id","GuestSeminars","class","p-4 row d-flex justify-content-center col-12 pt-0",4,"ngIf"],["id","CommunitySeminars","class","p-4 row d-flex justify-content-center col-12 pt-0",4,"ngIf"],[1,"scroll-to-top",3,"click"],["scrollToTopButton",""],["id","GuestSeminars",1,"p-4","row","d-flex","justify-content-center","col-12","pt-0"],[4,"ngFor","ngForOf"],[1,"card-bg","shadow","border","border-1","mb-2","card","col-12","col-md-10","border-dark","p-3"],[1,"card-text","row"],[1,"col-md-9","col-12","mb-2"],[1,"text","mb-3"],[3,"innerHTML"],["class","mb-3 d-md-none float-end img-fluid","style","max-width: 125px;",3,"src",4,"ngIf"],["target","_blank",3,"href",4,"ngIf"],[1,"col-md-3","col-12","d-none","d-md-block"],["class","my-2 img-fluid","style","width:99%; float: right; max-width: 150px;",3,"src",4,"ngIf"],[1,"col-12"],[1,"row","py-2","col-12","collapse",3,"id"],[1,"text"],[1,"col-12","d-flex"],["type","button","data-bs-toggle","collapse","aria-expanded","false",1,"m-1","p-1","btn","btn-text-expand","collapsed","ms-auto"],[2,"height","1px","background-color","black"],[1,"mb-3","d-md-none","float-end","img-fluid",2,"max-width","125px",3,"src"],["target","_blank",3,"href"],[1,"my-2","img-fluid",2,"width","99%","float","right","max-width","150px",3,"src"],["id","CommunitySeminars",1,"p-4","row","d-flex","justify-content-center","col-12","pt-0"],[1,"card-text"],[1,"col-md-9","col-12","mb-md-0"],[1,"row","py-4","col-12","collapse",3,"id"],[1,"text","col-12"]],template:function(h,A){1&h&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",0)(1,"div",1)(2,"div",2)(3,"h2")(4,"b"),i._uU(5,"Seminars"),i.qZA()()(),i.TgZ(6,"div",2)(7,"div",3)(8,"button",4),i.NdJ("click",function(){return A.updateData("GuestSeminars")}),i._uU(9),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(10,"button",5),i.NdJ("click",function(){return A.updateData("CommunitySeminars")}),i._uU(11),i.qZA()()()()(),i._UZ(12,"hr"),i.YNc(13,Nn,2,1,"div",6),i.YNc(14,Ln,2,1,"div",7),i.TgZ(15,"button",8,9),i.NdJ("click",function(){return A.scrollToTop()}),i._uU(17,"\u2191"),i.qZA()),2&h&&(i.xp6(8),i.ekj("selected","GuestSeminars"===A.selectedTab),i.xp6(1),i.hij(" Guest Seminars (",A.seminars.ICWaR_Guest_Seminar_Series.length,") "),i.xp6(1),i.ekj("selected","CommunitySeminars"===A.selectedTab),i.xp6(1),i.hij(" ICWaR Community Seminars (",A.seminars.ICWaR_Community_Seminar_Series.length,") "),i.xp6(2),i.Q6J("ngIf","GuestSeminars"===A.selectedTab),i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("ngIf","CommunitySeminars"===A.selectedTab))},dependencies:[ue.sg,ue.O5],styles:['.custom-card[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{padding:20px;margin:10px}.custom-card[_ngcontent-%COMP%] .card-text[_ngcontent-%COMP%] .col-12[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{margin:0}.text[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{text-align:justify}.btn[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{color:#080000;border-radius:5px;margin:3px;transition:background-color .3s ease;word-wrap:break-word;border-color:#080000}.btn[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:hover{background-color:#f7e8d6;transform:scale(1.05)}.selected[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{background-color:#721816;color:#fff;font-weight:bolder;pointer-events:none}button.btn.btn-text-expand.collapsed[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:before{content:"...Read more";display:block;width:100%}button.btn.btn-text-expand[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:before{content:"Read less";display:block;width:100%}.card-bg[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{background-color:#cff1f1;box-shadow:2px 2px 10px #000}.scroll-to-top[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{position:fixed;bottom:20px;right:20px;z-index:1000;display:none;background-color:#0056b3;color:#fff;border:none;border-radius:50%;width:40px;height:40px;font-size:20px;cursor:pointer;outline:none;transition:background-color .3s ease}.scroll-to-top[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:hover{background-color:#004080}']}),g})();const Br=[{Title:"ILR dreams of a Pyrrhic victory",Details:"Deccan Herald \u2013 June 12, 2026",link:["../../assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/deccanherald.com-ILR dreams of a Pyrrhic victory.pdf"]},{Title:"Can Digital Twins Prevent Floods in India\u2019s Megacities?",Details:"Climate Action Live \u2013 June 10, 2026",link:["../../assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/climateaction.live-Can Digital Twins Prevent Floods in Indias Megacities.pdf"]},{Title:"How Bengaluru can get rain-ready?",Details:"Times Community \u2013 June 14, 2025",link:["../../assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/HOW-BENGALURU-CAN-GET-RAIN-READY.pdf"]},{Title:"IISc-developed zero bacteria technology to be used in apartments to improve water quality in Sewage Treatment Plants",Details:"Deccan Herald \u2013 February 25, 2025",link:["../../assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/deccanherald.com-IISc-developed zero bacteria technology to be used in apartments to improve water quality in Sewage T.pdf"]},{Title:"IISc flood model heads to Bengaluru s rescue",Details:"Deccan Herald \u2013 May 20, 2024",link:["../../assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/deccanherald.com-IISc flood model heads to Bengalurus rescue.pdf"]},{Title:"Have we pushed the Earth beyond habitable conditions?",Details:"IISc Connect \u2013 March 22, 2024",link:["../../assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/connect.iisc.ac.in-Have we pushed the Earth beyond habitable conditions.pdf"]},{Title:"Reducing fossil fuel more beneficial than afforestation",Details:"Deccan Herald \u2013 July 10, 2023",link:["../../assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/deccanherald.com-Reducing fossil fuel more beneficial than afforestation IISc.pdf"]},{Title:"Bengaluru to get flood prediction system soon",Details:"Deccan Herald \u2013 September 16, 2022",link:["../../assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/deccanherald.com-Bengaluru to get flood prediction system soon.pdf"]},{Title:"ICWaR student Mr. Shairik Sengupta is assisting Bengaluru slum dwellers to get clean water following the flood incidents.",Details:"This is a crowd-funded initiative led by Mr. Sengupta where several ICWaR students participated. Bengaluru Mirror \u2013 Sept 13, 2022",link:["../../assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com-Life streaming.pdf"]},{Title:"Reducing global warming: Could reflecting sunlight back into space work?",Details:"Deccan Herald \u2013 October 01, 2021",link:["../../assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/deccanherald.com-Reducing global warming Could reflecting sunlight back into space work.pdf"]},{Title:"Public information session organized by Krishna AchutaRao, IIT-D",Details:"September 2, 2021 Full Video",link:["https://youtu.be/Gek_q6VRP_A"]},{Title:"\u2018Extreme weather to be more common, Delhi-NCR must invest in waterbodies\u2019",Details:"Times of India, Delhi edition \u2013 August 22, 2021",link:["../../assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/timesofindia.indiatimes.com-Extreme weather to be more common Delhi-NCR must invest in waterbodies.pdf"]},{Title:"Karnataka will see 10-25% increase in rainfall in coming years: scientists",Details:"The Hindu, Bengaluru Edition \u2013 August 15, 2021",link:["../../assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/thehindu.com-Karnataka will see 10-25 increase in rainfall in coming years scientists.pdf"]},{Title:"Climate report unlikely to lead to extra efforts",Details:"Hindustan Times \u2013 August 10, 2021",link:["../../assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/hindustantimes.com-Climate report unlikely to lead to extra efforts.pdf"]},{Title:"Geoengineering marks scientific gains in U.N. report on dire climate future",Details:"Reuters \u2013 August 10, 2021",link:["../../assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/reuters.com-Geoengineering marks scientific gains in U.pdf"]},{Title:"Global warming will hit us faster, UN body sees temperatures rising by 1.5\xb0C in next 20 years",Details:"Economic times \u2013 August 10, 2021",link:["../../assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/economictimes.indiatimes.com-Global warming will hit us faster UN body sees temperatures rising by 15C in next 20 years.pdf"]},{Title:"Contamination in Water Distribution Systems",Details:"Rajya Sabha TV \u2013 July 3, 2021",link:["https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i81Lt-HCEQI&t=607s"]},{Title:"Indian Cities Prepare for Floods with Predictive Technology",Details:"June 15, 2021- This was featured on EoS by American Geophysical Union",link:["../../assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/eos.org-Indian Cities Prepare for Floods with Predictive Technology.pdf"]},{Title:"Kerala Floods",Details:"March 30, 2021",link:["../../assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/onmanorama.com-Faulty dam management worsened the 2018 Kerala floods says IISc study.pdf","https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2021/03/30/kerala-floods-a-result-of-improper-dam-management.html","https://www.thehindu.com/elections/kerala-assembly/kerala-assembly-elections-udf-spotlights-iisc-study-on-floods-to-target-ldf-govt/article34216000.ece","https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=521085&u=evidence-shows-2018-floods-were-man-made-says-chandy-promises-action-if-udf-voted-to-power","https://aninews.in/news/national/politics/kerala-polls-chandy-says-evidence-shows-2018-floods-man-made-promises-action-if-udf-voted-to-power20210401195335/?amp=1"]},{Title:"Has urbanisation led to increased precipitation in cities?",Details:"This was published on IISc main website in the Featured Research section.",link:["../../assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/iisc.ac.in-Has urbanisation led to increased precipitation in cities.pdf"]},{Title:"Namma Bengaluru: Resources being pooled to predict rain and tackle floods",Details:"August 20, 2019- IISc, Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring Centre and other organisations will analyse data from ongoing projects to get accurate information to provide location-specific flood forecasting within the city to help mitigate floods.",link:["../../assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/thehindu.com-Namma Bengaluru Resources being pooled to predict rain and tackle floods.pdf"]},{Title:"IISc to map out 50-year climate change impact",Details:"March 06, 2019 - The study, led by Professor Pradeep Mujumdar (Department of Civil Engineering, IISc) in collaboration with Telangana State Development Planning Society (TSDPS), will guide the Telangana State Government on climate change and its impact on water availability and agriculture.",link:["../../assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/timesofindia.indiatimes.com-IISc to map out 50-year climate change impact.pdf"]},{Title:"Monitoring drains to generate flood alerts",Details:"August 31, 2018 - Karnataka State Natural Disaster Management Centre in collaboration with IISc is installing sensors at outlets and inlets of major lakes.",link:["../../assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/thehindu.com-Monitoring drains to generate flood alerts.pdf"]},{Title:"Extreme rainfall leaves cities floundering (by S. GopiKrishna Warrier)",Details:"August 28, 2017 - Independence Day was unusually wet and waterlogged for residents of Bengaluru in Karnataka. Heavy rains started near midnight when they were asleep, and by morning, it had poured 128 mm. Localities in and around Koramangala in the southern part of the city went under water, with parked vehicles nearly submerging.",link:["../../assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/indiaclimatedialogue.net-Extreme rainfall leaves cities floundering.pdf"]},{Title:"The precarious situation of India\u2019s water problem (by Hari Pulakkat).",Details:"April 02, 2017 - Water is a precious but dwindling resource for India, but till a decade ago the country had very few hydrologists who could model the state of its resources using advanced methods. As more scientists began to study ground water, river flows and evapotranspiration, they ran into a serious problem that affected the quality of their work. The country\u2019s water data were largely hidden from public view, and what were available were poor or untrustworthy.",link:["../../assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/economictimes.indiatimes.com-The precarious situation of Indias water problem.pdf"]},{Title:"Don\u2019t rain on the monsoon parade (by PP Mujumdar)",Details:"It\u2019s time to start looking for alternative ways of managing an all too possible drought. Topping the list has to be a more responsible management of water resources during non-summer periods. Water must be respected as a precious resource, not a commodity that can be taken for granted, so that we have adequate water for the summer.",link:["../../assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/asianage.com-Dont rain on the monsoon parade.pdf"]},{Title:"Team studying cauvery basin hydrology to predict demand. (by Mihika Basu)",Details:"December 08, 2016 - Stating that there has been a severe water shortage in severe water shortage in several pockets of the Cauvery river basin over a period of time, researchers from Bengaluru, Hyderabad and the UK, have started a first-of-its-kind comprehensive project to study the hydrology (rainfall, water flow) of the entire basin and look at predicting water demands for the next few years based on the effects of climate change, type of crops, amount of water used for agricultural purpose and the extent of urbanisation. ",link:["../../assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com-Team studying Cauvery basin hydrology to predict demand.pdf"]},{Title:"IISc, Japanese firm join hands to study agriculture sector.",Details:"October 09, 2016",link:["../../assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/deccanherald.com-IISc Japanese firm join hands to study agriculture sector.pdf"]},{Title:"Extreme rainfall not because of global factors: study.",Details:"February 24, 2016",link:["../../assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/livemint.com-Extreme rainfall not because of global factors study.pdf"]},{Title:"Climate change affects Ganga significantly, finds IISc study.",Details:"March 24, 2015",link:["../../assets/pdfs/Media Coverage/economictimes.indiatimes.com-Climate change to have considerable impact on Gangas dynamics.pdf"]}],fn=["scrollToTopButton"];function _n(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.ynx(0),i.TgZ(1,"div",4)(2,"h4",5)(3,"b"),i._uU(4),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(5,"h5",5),i._uU(6),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(7,"div",6)(8,"a",7),i._uU(9,"Click to view full article"),i.qZA()()(),i.BQk()),2&g){const h=_.$implicit;i.xp6(4),i.Oqu(h.Title),i.xp6(2),i.Oqu(h.Details),i.xp6(2),i.Q6J("href",h.link[0],i.LSH)}}let Ge=(()=>{class g{constructor(){this.media_coverage=Br}ngOnInit(){window.addEventListener("scroll",this.scrollFunction.bind(this))}scrollFunction(){this.scrollToTopButton&&(this.scrollToTopButton.nativeElement.style.display=window.scrollY>300?"block":"none")}scrollToTop(){window.scrollTo({top:0,behavior:"smooth"})}}return g.\u0275fac=function(h){return new(h||g)},g.\u0275cmp=i.Xpm({type:g,selectors:[["app-media-coverage"]],viewQuery:function(h,A){if(1&h&&i.Gf(fn,5),2&h){let H;i.iGM(H=i.CRH())&&(A.scrollToTopButton=H.first)}},decls:9,vars:2,consts:[[1,"container-fluid","text-center","mt-3"],[1,"p-5","mt-4","row","d-flex","justify-content-center","col-12","pt-0"],[4,"ngFor","ngForOf"],[1,"scroll-to-top","d-none","d-md-block",3,"click"],[1,"row","shadow","border","card","border-1","mb-2","col-12","col-md-10","border-dark","p-3"],[1,"text"],[1,"col-12","d-flex"],["target","_blank",1,"ms-auto",3,"href"]],template:function(h,A){1&h&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",0)(1,"h2")(2,"b"),i._uU(3),i.qZA()()(),i._UZ(4,"hr"),i.TgZ(5,"div",1),i.YNc(6,_n,10,3,"ng-container",2),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(7,"button",3),i.NdJ("click",function(){return A.scrollToTop()}),i._uU(8,"\u2191"),i.qZA()),2&h&&(i.xp6(3),i.hij("Media Coverage (",A.media_coverage.length,")"),i.xp6(3),i.Q6J("ngForOf",A.media_coverage))},dependencies:[ue.sg],styles:[".scroll-to-top[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{position:fixed;bottom:20px;right:20px;z-index:1000;display:none;background-color:#0056b3;color:#fff;border:none;border-radius:50%;width:40px;height:40px;font-size:20px;cursor:pointer;outline:none;transition:background-color .3s ease}.scroll-to-top[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:hover{background-color:#004080}.text[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{text-align:justify}"]}),g})(),Ct=(()=>{class g{}return g.\u0275fac=function(h){return new(h||g)},g.\u0275cmp=i.Xpm({type:g,selectors:[["app-join-icwar"]],decls:57,vars:0,consts:[[1,"container-fluid","text-center","my-3",2,"min-height","50vh"],[1,"mb-5"],["id","icwarJoinAccordion",1,"accordion","container"],[1,"accordion-item","mb-3","shadow-sm","rounded-4","border-0"],["id","headingOne",1,"accordion-header"],["type","button","data-bs-toggle","collapse","data-bs-target","#collapseOne","aria-expanded","false","aria-controls","collapseOne",1,"accordion-button","collapsed","fw-semibold","fs-5"],["id","collapseOne","aria-labelledby","headingOne","data-bs-parent","#icwarJoinAccordion",1,"accordion-collapse","collapse"],[1,"accordion-body"],[1,"row","g-4","align-items-start"],[1,"col-md-8",2,"text-align","justify"],[1,"text-end"],["href","https://iisc.ac.in/admissions/","target","_blank"],[1,"col-md-4","text-center"],["src","../../../assets/images/ICWaR_Flyer.jpg","alt","PhD in Water Research",1,"img-fluid","rounded-3","shadow-sm",2,"object-fit","cover"],["id","headingTwo",1,"accordion-header"],["type","button","data-bs-toggle","collapse","data-bs-target","#collapseTwo","aria-expanded","false","aria-controls","collapseTwo",1,"accordion-button","collapsed","fw-semibold","fs-5","d-flex","align-items-center","justify-content-between"],["src","../../../assets/images/new-Copy.gif","alt","New",1,"ms-2",2,"height","40px"],["id","collapseTwo","aria-labelledby","headingTwo","data-bs-parent","#icwarJoinAccordion",1,"accordion-collapse","collapse"],[1,"accordion-body",2,"text-align","justify"],[1,"text-center","mt-3"],["src","../../../assets/images/News/IISc_PostDoctoralFellowship_Flyer.webp","alt","Postdoc Flyer",1,"img-fluid","rounded-3","shadow-sm"],["id","headingThree",1,"accordion-header"],["type","button","data-bs-toggle","collapse","data-bs-target","#collapseThree","aria-expanded","false","aria-controls","collapseThree",1,"accordion-button","collapsed","fw-semibold","fs-5","d-flex","align-items-center","gap-2"],["id","collapseThree","aria-labelledby","headingThree","data-bs-parent","#icwarJoinAccordion",1,"accordion-collapse","collapse"]],template:function(h,A){1&h&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",0)(1,"h2")(2,"b"),i._uU(3,"Ways to join ICWaR"),i.qZA()(),i._UZ(4,"hr",1),i.TgZ(5,"div",2)(6,"div",3)(7,"h2",4)(8,"button",5),i._uU(9," PhD in Water Research "),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(10,"div",6)(11,"div",7)(12,"div",8)(13,"div",9)(14,"p")(15,"strong"),i._uU(16,"Department/Centre/Unit:"),i.qZA(),i._uU(17," Water Research (WR)"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(18,"p")(19,"strong"),i._uU(20,"Programme:"),i.qZA(),i._uU(21," Ph.D. Interdisciplinary programme offered by Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research."),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(22,"p")(23,"strong"),i._uU(24,"Basic Qualification for Eligibility:"),i.qZA(),i._uU(25," BE / B Tech or equivalent degree in any branch of Engineering or M Sc or equivalent degree in Physics / Chemistry / Materials / Mathematics / Statistics / Data Science / Environmental Sciences / Geology / Hydrogeology / Atmospheric Sciences / Agricultural Sciences /Biotechnology or Graduates of 4-year Bachelor of Science programmes."),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(26,"p")(27,"strong"),i._uU(28,"Areas of Research:"),i.qZA(),i._uU(29," Global and regional hydrological circulation, climate change impact on hydrology, Land-atmosphere interactions; Land use land cover and Terrestrial carbon cycle changes; Urban water systems; Urban hydrology/ hydrogeology; Watershed and river basin hydrology; Monsoon low-pressure systems; Natural hazards- Inland/coastal Floods, and droughts; Water management; Agrohydrology; Wetland science; Lake ecosystems; Aquatic geochemistry; Geothermal reservoir modelling; Isotope hydrology; Development of sensors: design, modeling and fabrication of water contaminant sensors, Satellite hydrology \u2013 Application of satellite technologies; Hydro geochemistry, contamination hydrology, Groundwater resources and depletion, Tracer hydrology, Water Quality Modeling, Water and wastewater treatment, Remediation of environmental and emerging contaminants."),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(30,"p",10),i._uU(31,"For admission details, "),i.TgZ(32,"a",11),i._uU(33,"click here"),i.qZA()()(),i.TgZ(34,"div",12),i._UZ(35,"img",13),i.qZA()()()()(),i.TgZ(36,"div",3)(37,"h2",14)(38,"button",15)(39,"span"),i._uU(40,"Postdoctoral Positions"),i.qZA(),i._UZ(41,"img",16),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(42,"div",17)(43,"div",18),i._uU(44," Prospective Postdocs, INSPIRE Fellows, CV Raman Postdocs, and NPDFs are encouraged to contact our faculty members directly to discuss potential opportunities. "),i.TgZ(45,"div",19),i._UZ(46,"img",20),i.qZA()()()(),i.TgZ(47,"div",3)(48,"h2",21)(49,"button",22),i._uU(50," Project Positions "),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(51,"div",23)(52,"div",18),i._uU(53," There are "),i.TgZ(54,"b"),i._uU(55,"no open positions"),i.qZA(),i._uU(56," at the moment. Please check back later. "),i.qZA()()()()())}}),g})();const ln=[{code:"WR 201",credits:"2:1",name:"Watershed Modeling",semester:"August",instructor:"Dr. Rajarshi Das Bhowmik",link:"../../assets/pdfs/Courses/WR-201_WatershedModeling.pdf"},{code:"WR 202",credits:"3:0",name:"Geodetic Signal Processing",semester:"January",instructor:"Dr. Bramha Dutt Vishwakarma",link:"../../assets/pdfs/Courses/WR-202_GeodeticSignalProcessing.pdf"},{code:"WR 203",credits:"2:1",name:"Applied Geochemical Modeling and Water Quality Analysis",semester:"August",instructor:"Prof. Praveen C Ramamurthy",link:"../../assets/pdfs/Courses/WR-203_AppliedGeochemicalModelingAndWaterQualityAnalysis.pdf"},{code:"WR 204",credits:"2:1",name:"Aqueous Geochemistry",semester:"January",instructor:"Prof. Praveen C Ramamurthy",link:"../../assets/pdfs/Courses/WR-204_AqueousGeochemistry.pdf"}];function Gn(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",6)(1,"div",7)(2,"div",8)(3,"h5",9)(4,"a",10),i._uU(5),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(6,"p",11)(7,"strong"),i._uU(8,"Credits:"),i.qZA(),i._uU(9),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(10,"p",11)(11,"strong"),i._uU(12,"Semester:"),i.qZA(),i._uU(13),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(14,"p",12)(15,"strong"),i._uU(16,"Instructor:"),i.qZA(),i._uU(17),i.qZA()()()()),2&g){const h=_.$implicit;i.xp6(4),i.Q6J("href",h.link,i.LSH),i.xp6(1),i.AsE(" ",h.code," \u2013 ",h.name," "),i.xp6(4),i.hij(" ",h.credits,""),i.xp6(4),i.hij(" ",h.semester,""),i.xp6(4),i.hij(" ",h.instructor,"")}}let Vn=(()=>{class g{constructor(){this.courses=ln}}return g.\u0275fac=function(h){return new(h||g)},g.\u0275cmp=i.Xpm({type:g,selectors:[["app-courses"]],decls:12,vars:1,consts:[[1,"container-fluid","text-center","mt-3"],[1,"container","py-4"],[1,"row","row-cols-1","row-cols-md-2","row-cols-lg-2","g-4"],["class","col",4,"ngFor","ngForOf"],[1,"mt-5","px-md-3"],["href","https://indianinstituteofscience.sharepoint.com/sites/ICWaR.IISc/SitePages/Home.aspx","target","_blank"],[1,"col"],[1,"card","h-100","shadow-sm","border-0","rounded-4"],[1,"card-body"],[1,"card-title","fw-semibold"],["target","_blank","rel","noopener",1,"text-decoration-none",3,"href"],[1,"mb-1"],[1,"mb-2"]],template:function(h,A){1&h&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",0)(1,"h2")(2,"b"),i._uU(3,"Courses Offered"),i.qZA()()(),i._UZ(4,"hr"),i.TgZ(5,"div",1)(6,"div",2),i.YNc(7,Gn,18,6,"div",3),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(8,"p",4),i._uU(9," For further details, connect to "),i.TgZ(10,"a",5),i._uU(11," Intra-IISc ICWaR Page "),i.qZA()()()),2&h&&(i.xp6(7),i.Q6J("ngForOf",A.courses))},dependencies:[ue.sg]}),g})(),wn=(()=>{class g{}return g.\u0275fac=function(h){return new(h||g)},g.\u0275cmp=i.Xpm({type:g,selectors:[["app-newsletters"]],decls:16,vars:0,consts:[[1,"container-fluid","text-center","my-3",2,"min-height","50vh"],[1,"mb-5"],[1,"container","text-start"],[1,"row","align-items-center","mb-4"],[1,"col-md-3","col","text-center"],["src","../../assets/images/Gallery/ICWaR_Newsletter_Cover_2024.webp","alt","Newsletter 2024 Cover",1,"img-fluid","rounded","shadow-sm",2,"max-height","200px"],[1,"col-md-9","col"],[1,"mb-2"],[1,"mb-3","text-muted"],["href","https://drive.google.com/file/d/1nNEveRV64TreskYvNDJ3M7FsUqBJNv-I/view?usp=sharing","target","_blank",1,"btn","btn-primary","btn-sm","me-2"]],template:function(h,A){1&h&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",0)(1,"h2")(2,"b"),i._uU(3,"ICWaR Newsletters"),i.qZA()(),i._UZ(4,"hr",1),i.TgZ(5,"div",2)(6,"div",3)(7,"div",4),i._UZ(8,"img",5),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(9,"div",6)(10,"h4",7),i._uU(11,"ICWaR Annual Newsletter 2024"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(12,"p",8),i._uU(13,"A look back at the key achievements and research highlights of the year 2024."),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(14,"a",9),i._uU(15,"View / Download"),i.qZA()()()()())}}),g})();var Si=W(341);function pn(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"a",10),i._uU(1),i.qZA()),2&g){const h=i.oxw().$implicit;i.Q6J("href","mailto:"+h.email,i.LSH),i.xp6(1),i.Oqu(h.email)}}function jr(g,_){1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"span"),i._uU(1,"-"),i.qZA())}function On(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"tr")(1,"td"),i._uU(2),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(3,"td"),i._uU(4),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(5,"td"),i._uU(6),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(7,"td"),i._uU(8),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(9,"td"),i.YNc(10,pn,2,2,"a",9),i.YNc(11,jr,2,0,"span",8),i.qZA()()),2&g){const h=_.$implicit,A=_.index;i.xp6(2),i.Oqu(A+1),i.xp6(2),i.Oqu(h.name),i.xp6(2),i.Oqu(h.designation),i.xp6(2),i.Oqu(h.department),i.xp6(2),i.Q6J("ngIf",h.email),i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("ngIf",!h.email)}}function bt(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"a",10),i._uU(1),i.qZA()),2&g){const h=i.oxw().$implicit;i.Q6J("href","mailto:"+h.email,i.LSH),i.xp6(1),i.Oqu(h.email)}}function Oi(g,_){1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"span"),i._uU(1,"-"),i.qZA())}function ir(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"tr")(1,"td"),i._uU(2),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(3,"td"),i._uU(4),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(5,"td"),i._uU(6),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(7,"td"),i._uU(8),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(9,"td"),i.YNc(10,bt,2,2,"a",9),i.YNc(11,Oi,2,0,"span",8),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(12,"td"),i._uU(13),i.qZA()()),2&g){const h=_.$implicit,A=_.index;i.xp6(2),i.Oqu(A+1),i.xp6(2),i.Oqu(h.name),i.xp6(2),i.Oqu(h.degree),i.xp6(2),i.Oqu(h.affiliation),i.xp6(2),i.Q6J("ngIf",h.email),i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("ngIf",!h.email),i.xp6(2),i.Oqu(h.supervisor)}}function wa(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"a",10),i._uU(1),i.qZA()),2&g){const h=i.oxw().$implicit;i.Q6J("href","mailto:"+h.email,i.LSH),i.xp6(1),i.Oqu(h.email)}}function cn(g,_){1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"span"),i._uU(1,"-"),i.qZA())}function un(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"tr")(1,"td"),i._uU(2),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(3,"td"),i._uU(4),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(5,"td"),i._uU(6),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(7,"td"),i._uU(8),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(9,"td"),i.YNc(10,wa,2,2,"a",9),i.YNc(11,cn,2,0,"span",8),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(12,"td"),i._uU(13),i.qZA()()),2&g){const h=_.$implicit,A=_.index;i.xp6(2),i.Oqu(A+1),i.xp6(2),i.Oqu(h.name),i.xp6(2),i.Oqu(h.designation),i.xp6(2),i.Oqu(h.affiliation),i.xp6(2),i.Q6J("ngIf",h.email),i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("ngIf",!h.email),i.xp6(2),i.Oqu(h.project)}}function fi(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"a",10),i._uU(1),i.qZA()),2&g){const h=i.oxw().$implicit;i.Q6J("href","mailto:"+h.email,i.LSH),i.xp6(1),i.Oqu(h.email)}}function Wn(g,_){1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"span"),i._uU(1,"-"),i.qZA())}function Un(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"tr")(1,"td"),i._uU(2),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(3,"td"),i._uU(4),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(5,"td"),i._uU(6),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(7,"td"),i._uU(8),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(9,"td"),i.YNc(10,fi,2,2,"a",9),i.YNc(11,Wn,2,0,"span",8),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(12,"td"),i._uU(13),i.qZA()()),2&g){const h=_.$implicit,A=_.index;i.xp6(2),i.Oqu(A+1),i.xp6(2),i.Oqu(h.name||"-"),i.xp6(2),i.Oqu(h.designation||"-"),i.xp6(2),i.Oqu(h.affiliation||"-"),i.xp6(2),i.Q6J("ngIf",h.email),i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("ngIf",!h.email),i.xp6(2),i.Oqu(h.project||"-")}}function ai(g,_){1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"tr")(1,"td",11),i._uU(2," No Project Staff records available "),i.qZA()())}const Gr=[{path:"",component:U},{path:"people/faculty",loadChildren:()=>W.e(443).then(W.bind(W,443)).then(g=>g.PeopleModule)},{path:"people/formerFaculty",loadChildren:()=>W.e(443).then(W.bind(W,443)).then(g=>g.PeopleModule)},{path:"people/visitors",loadChildren:()=>W.e(443).then(W.bind(W,443)).then(g=>g.PeopleModule)},{path:"people/researchStudents",loadChildren:()=>W.e(443).then(W.bind(W,443)).then(g=>g.PeopleModule)},{path:"people/postDoctoralScholars",loadChildren:()=>W.e(443).then(W.bind(W,443)).then(g=>g.PeopleModule)},{path:"people/projectStaff",loadChildren:()=>W.e(443).then(W.bind(W,443)).then(g=>g.PeopleModule)},{path:"people/officeStaff",loadChildren:()=>W.e(443).then(W.bind(W,443)).then(g=>g.PeopleModule)},{path:"contact-us",component:et},{path:"about-us",component:hi},{path:"research",component:je},{path:"publications",component:vi},{path:"events",children:[{path:"workshop-and-meetings",component:st},{path:"GRACE-Hackweek",component:(()=>{class g{constructor(){this.registrationLink="https://forms.office.com/Pages/ResponsePage.aspx?id=l80Vb6f240Gyxa1Bk5dkdq3rJ1Ud68lGqZfkEdmyx-RUNkUzQklKVlpKSEpHNU0wN0FJVUJXNDczOC4u",this.deadline="August 15, 2026",this.eventDates="October 05-09, 2026"}ngOnInit(){}}return g.\u0275fac=function(h){return new(h||g)},g.\u0275cmp=i.Xpm({type:g,selectors:[["app-grace-hackweek"]],decls:87,vars:1,consts:[[1,"container","my-5"],[1,"row","align-items-center","mb-5","bg-light","p-4","p-md-5","rounded","shadow-sm","border-start","border-5","border-primary"],[1,"col-md-7","order-2","order-md-1","mt-4","mt-md-0"],[1,"display-5","fw-bold","text-dark","mb-3"],[1,"lead","text-secondary","mb-4"],[1,"fa","fa-calendar","text-primary","me-2"],[1,"text-danger","medium","mt-3","fw-bold"],[1,"fa","fa-clock-o","ms-1","me-3"],[1,"col-md-5","order-1","order-md-2","text-center"],["src","assets/images/GRACE.jpeg","alt","GRACE Mission Satellites",1,"img-fluid","rounded","shadow","hero-img"],[1,"row","mb-5","px-2"],[1,"col-12"],[1,"h3","border-bottom","pb-2","mb-4","text-secondary"],[1,"text-justify","lh-lg"],[1,"mb-4","text-center","text-md-start"],["role","alert",1,"alert","alert-info","border-0","shadow-sm","mt-4"],[1,"fa","fa-info-circle","me-2"],[1,"row","row-cols-1","row-cols-md-2","row-cols-xl-4","g-4","mt-2"],[1,"col"],[1,"card","h-100","border-0","shadow-sm","text-center","p-3","hover-lift"],[1,"card-body","d-flex","flex-column","align-items-center"],[1,"card-title","fw-bold","text-dark","mb-2"],[1,"card-text","text-muted","small","mb-3"],[1,"fa","fa-map-marker","text-primary","me-1"],["href","https://gessiisc.github.io/group/","target","_blank",1,"text-decoration-none","fw-bold","mt-auto","team-link"],[1,"fa","fa-arrow-right","ms-1","tilted-arrow"],["href","https://www.iitk.ac.in/balaji-devaraju","target","_blank",1,"text-decoration-none","fw-bold","mt-auto","team-link"],["href","https://www.ife.uni-hannover.de/en/weigelt","target","_blank",1,"text-decoration-none","fw-bold","mt-auto","team-link"],["href","https://www.gis.uni-stuttgart.de/en/team/Sneeuw/","target","_blank",1,"text-decoration-none","fw-bold","mt-auto","team-link"],[1,"row","text-center","mt-5","pt-4","border-top"],[1,"text-muted","mb-4","fs-5","fw-light"],[1,"col-12","d-flex","justify-content-center","align-items-center","flex-wrap","gap-5"],["src","assets/images/logo-iisc.webp","alt","IISc Logo",1,"institution-logo"],["src","assets/images/iitk-logo.webp","alt","IIT Kanpur Logo",1,"institution-logo"],["src","assets/images/dlr-logo.webp","alt","DLR Logo",1,"institution-logo"],["src","assets/images/uni-stuttgart-logo.webp","alt","University of Stuttgart Logo",1,"institution-logo"]],template:function(h,A){1&h&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",0)(1,"header",1)(2,"div",2)(3,"h1",3),i._uU(4,"GRACE Hackweek 2026"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(5,"p",4),i._UZ(6,"i",5),i._uU(7),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(8,"p",6),i._UZ(9,"i",7),i._uU(10,"Registration Closed "),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(11,"div",8),i._UZ(12,"img",9),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(13,"section",10)(14,"div",11)(15,"h2",12),i._uU(16,"About the Online School"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(17,"p",13),i._uU(18," Satellite gravimetry has become an indispensable tool for studying the Earth system. The satellite missions CHAMP, GRACE/GRACE-FO and GOCE along with Satellite Laser Ranging have demonstrated the utility of time-variable gravity data in understanding the mass changes and their transport within and between the hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere, oceans and the solid Earth. "),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(19,"p",13),i._uU(20," The challenging aspects of satellite gravimetry are the recovery of time-variable gravity from observations due to the low signal-to-noise ratio, and the use of time-variable gravity data by non-geodesists. It is our aim in this online school to give an idea of the time variable gravity field recovery process from satellite gravimetry missions, and also to help non-geodesists to get to grips with handling time-variable gravity data from GRACE/GRACE-FO. "),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(21,"p",14),i._uU(22," We look forward to your participation,"),i._UZ(23,"br"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(24,"div",15),i._UZ(25,"i",16),i._uU(26," The online school is open to everyone interested in using time-variable gravity for their research. "),i.TgZ(27,"strong"),i._uU(28,"Certificates will be issued"),i.qZA(),i._uU(29," to participants who complete all the labs. We look forward to your participation and a fruitful online school. "),i.qZA()()(),i.TgZ(30,"section",10)(31,"div",11)(32,"h2",12),i._uU(33,"Organizing Team"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(34,"div",17)(35,"div",18)(36,"div",19)(37,"div",20)(38,"h5",21),i._uU(39,"Bramha Dutt Vishwakarma"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(40,"p",22),i._UZ(41,"i",23),i._uU(42," IISc Bengaluru, India "),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(43,"a",24),i._uU(44," View Profile "),i._UZ(45,"i",25),i.qZA()()()(),i.TgZ(46,"div",18)(47,"div",19)(48,"div",20)(49,"h5",21),i._uU(50,"Balaji Devaraju"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(51,"p",22),i._UZ(52,"i",23),i._uU(53," IIT Kanpur, India "),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(54,"a",26),i._uU(55," View Profile "),i._UZ(56,"i",25),i.qZA()()()(),i.TgZ(57,"div",18)(58,"div",19)(59,"div",20)(60,"h5",21),i._uU(61,"Matthias Weigelt"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(62,"p",22),i._UZ(63,"i",23),i._uU(64," DLR, Germany "),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(65,"a",27),i._uU(66," View Profile "),i._UZ(67,"i",25),i.qZA()()()(),i.TgZ(68,"div",18)(69,"div",19)(70,"div",20)(71,"h5",21),i._uU(72,"Nico Sneeuw"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(73,"p",22),i._UZ(74,"i",23),i._uU(75," Universitaet Stuttgart, Germany "),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(76,"a",28),i._uU(77," View Profile "),i._UZ(78,"i",25),i.qZA()()()()()()(),i.TgZ(79,"footer",29)(80,"h4",30),i._uU(81,"In Collaboration With"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(82,"div",31),i._UZ(83,"img",32)(84,"img",33)(85,"img",34)(86,"img",35),i.qZA()()()),2&h&&(i.xp6(7),i.hij(" ",A.eventDates," "))},styles:[".text-justify[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{text-align:justify}.hero-img[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{max-height:300px;object-fit:cover;transition:transform .3s ease}.hero-img[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:hover{transform:scale(1.02)}.institution-logo[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{max-height:80px;width:auto;filter:grayscale(100%);opacity:.8;transition:all .3s ease}.institution-logo[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:hover{filter:grayscale(0%);opacity:1;transform:translateY(-3px)}@media (max-width: 768px){.institution-logo[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{max-height:60px}.hero-img[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{max-height:250px}}.tilted-arrow[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{display:inline-block;transform:rotate(-45deg);transition:transform .2s ease}.team-link[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{color:#0d6efd;font-size:.9rem}.team-link[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:hover{color:#0a58ca}.team-link[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:hover .tilted-arrow[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{transform:rotate(-45deg) translate(2px,-2px)}"]}),g})()},{path:"monsoon-school",component:_i}]},{path:"centres-and-facilities",component:ye},{path:"gallery",component:mt},{path:"students-blogs",component:bn},{path:"testimonials",component:hr},{path:"outreach",component:Ur},{path:"seminars",component:Ni,children:[{path:"",redirectTo:"seminars",pathMatch:"full"},{path:"guest-seminars",component:Ni,data:{selectedTab:"GuestSeminars"}},{path:"community-seminars",component:Ni,data:{selectedTab:"CommunitySeminars"}}]},{path:"media-coverage",component:Ge},{path:"join-icwar",component:Ct},{path:"courses",component:Vn},{path:"newsletters",component:wn},{path:"people-directory",component:(()=>{class g{constructor(){this.faculty=[],this.researchStudents=[],this.postDoctoralScholars=[],this.projectStaff=[]}ngOnInit(){this.loadFaculty(),this.loadResearchStudents(),this.loadPostDoctoralScholars(),this.loadProjectStaff()}loadFaculty(){Si.ld.forEach(h=>{const A=Object.keys(h)[0],H=h[A];H&&H.forEach(ie=>{this.faculty.push({category:A,name:ie.name,designation:ie.Designation,department:ie.department,email:ie.email})})})}loadResearchStudents(){const h=Si.pu?.[0]?.Current;h&&h.forEach(A=>{this.researchStudents.push({name:A.name,degree:A["Degree Registered"],affiliation:A["Degree and Affiliation"],email:A.email,supervisor:A["Name of Supervisors"]})})}loadPostDoctoralScholars(){const h=Si.AA?.[0]?.Current;h&&h.forEach(A=>{this.postDoctoralScholars.push({name:A.name,designation:A.Designation,affiliation:A["Degree and Affiliation"],email:A.email,project:A.Project})})}loadProjectStaff(){const h=Si.Bz?.[0]?.Current;h&&h.forEach(A=>{this.projectStaff.push({name:A.name,designation:A.Designation,affiliation:A["Degree and Affiliation"],email:A.email,project:A.Project})})}}return g.\u0275fac=function(h){return new(h||g)},g.\u0275cmp=i.Xpm({type:g,selectors:[["app-people-directory"]],decls:88,vars:9,consts:[[1,"container","my-4"],[1,"mb-4","text-center"],[1,"mb-5"],[1,"table-responsive","mt-2"],[1,"table","table-bordered","table-sm","table-striped"],[1,"table-light"],[4,"ngFor","ngForOf"],[1,"table","table-bordered","table-sm","table-striped","table-hover","align-middle"],[4,"ngIf"],[3,"href",4,"ngIf"],[3,"href"],["colspan","6",1,"text-center","text-muted"]],template:function(h,A){1&h&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",0)(1,"h2",1)(2,"b"),i._uU(3,"ICWaR People Directory \u2013 Current"),i.qZA()(),i._UZ(4,"hr"),i.TgZ(5,"section",2)(6,"h4"),i._uU(7),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(8,"div",3)(9,"table",4)(10,"thead",5)(11,"tr")(12,"th"),i._uU(13,"Sr. No"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(14,"th"),i._uU(15,"Name"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(16,"th"),i._uU(17,"Designation"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(18,"th"),i._uU(19,"Department"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(20,"th"),i._uU(21,"Email"),i.qZA()()(),i.TgZ(22,"tbody"),i.YNc(23,On,12,6,"tr",6),i.qZA()()()(),i.TgZ(24,"section",2)(25,"h4"),i._uU(26),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(27,"div",3)(28,"table",4)(29,"thead",5)(30,"tr")(31,"th"),i._uU(32,"Sr. No"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(33,"th"),i._uU(34,"Name"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(35,"th"),i._uU(36,"Degree Registered"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(37,"th"),i._uU(38,"Degree and Affiliation"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(39,"th"),i._uU(40,"Email"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(41,"th"),i._uU(42,"Supervisor"),i.qZA()()(),i.TgZ(43,"tbody"),i.YNc(44,ir,14,7,"tr",6),i.qZA()()()(),i.TgZ(45,"section",2)(46,"h4"),i._uU(47),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(48,"div",3)(49,"table",4)(50,"thead",5)(51,"tr")(52,"th"),i._uU(53,"Sr. No"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(54,"th"),i._uU(55,"Name"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(56,"th"),i._uU(57,"Designation"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(58,"th"),i._uU(59,"Degree and Affiliation"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(60,"th"),i._uU(61,"Email"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(62,"th"),i._uU(63,"Project"),i.qZA()()(),i.TgZ(64,"tbody"),i.YNc(65,un,14,7,"tr",6),i.qZA()()()(),i.TgZ(66,"section",2)(67,"h4"),i._uU(68),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(69,"div",3)(70,"table",7)(71,"thead",5)(72,"tr")(73,"th"),i._uU(74,"Sr. No"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(75,"th"),i._uU(76,"Name"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(77,"th"),i._uU(78,"Designation"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(79,"th"),i._uU(80,"Degree and Affiliation"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(81,"th"),i._uU(82,"Email"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(83,"th"),i._uU(84,"Project"),i.qZA()()(),i.TgZ(85,"tbody"),i.YNc(86,Un,14,7,"tr",6),i.YNc(87,ai,3,0,"tr",8),i.qZA()()()()()),2&h&&(i.xp6(7),i.hij("Faculty (",A.faculty.length,")"),i.xp6(16),i.Q6J("ngForOf",A.faculty),i.xp6(3),i.hij("Research Students (",A.researchStudents.length,")"),i.xp6(18),i.Q6J("ngForOf",A.researchStudents),i.xp6(3),i.hij("Post Doctoral Scholars (",A.postDoctoralScholars.length,")"),i.xp6(18),i.Q6J("ngForOf",A.postDoctoralScholars),i.xp6(3),i.hij("Project Staff (",A.projectStaff.length,")"),i.xp6(18),i.Q6J("ngForOf",A.projectStaff),i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("ngIf",0===A.projectStaff.length))},dependencies:[ue.sg,ue.O5]}),g})()},{path:"wellness",component:(()=>{class g{}return g.\u0275fac=function(h){return new(h||g)},g.\u0275cmp=i.Xpm({type:g,selectors:[["app-wellness"]],decls:11,vars:0,consts:[[1,"container","p-5",2,"text-align","justify"]],template:function(h,A){1&h&&(i.TgZ(0,"div",0),i._uU(1,"Navigating the demands of academic life and rigorous research can sometimes feel overwhelming, and we want to remind you that you never have to shoulder it alone.\n"),i._UZ(2,"br")(3,"br"),i._uU(4,"The ICWaR Wellness Committee is dedicated to ensuring that your time at the Centre is safe, balanced, and fully supported. We are writing to encourage you to reach out to us regarding any queries, concerns, or suggestions you might have for improving mental health and overall well-being within our department.\n"),i._UZ(5,"br")(6,"br"),i._uU(7,"Whether you are facing academic stress, personal challenges, or simply have an idea to make our community better, our door is always open. Please feel free to connect with any of our committee members via email, phone, or by visiting us directly at the Centre.\n"),i._UZ(8,"br")(9,"br"),i._uU(10,"We firmly believe that everyone deserves to work and study in an environment where their personal growth and mental health are actively cared for."),i.qZA())}}),g})()},{path:"**",component:re}];let Vr=(()=>{class g{}return g.\u0275fac=function(h){return new(h||g)},g.\u0275mod=i.oAB({type:g}),g.\u0275inj=i.cJS({imports:[G.Bz.forRoot(Gr),G.Bz]}),g})();function Dr(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.TgZ(0,"a",39),i._uU(1),i.qZA()),2&g){const h=i.oxw().$implicit;i.s9C("routerLink",h.link),i.xp6(1),i.Oqu(h.name)}}function Ei(g,_){if(1&g){const h=i.EpF();i.TgZ(0,"a",44),i.NdJ("click",function(){i.CHM(h);const H=i.oxw().$implicit,ie=i.oxw(3);return i.KtG(null!=ie.getRedirectLink(H)?ie.goToUrl(ie.getRedirectLink(H)):null)}),i._uU(1),i.qZA()}if(2&g){const h=i.oxw().$implicit;i.Q6J("routerLink","/redirect"!=h.link?h.link:null),i.xp6(1),i.Oqu(h.name)}}function Zn(g,_){1&g&&i._UZ(0,"div",48)}function Ra(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.ynx(0),i.TgZ(1,"li",47),i._uU(2),i.qZA(),i.YNc(3,Zn,1,0,"div",43),i.BQk()),2&g){const h=_.$implicit,A=_.index,H=i.oxw(2).$implicit,ie=i.oxw(3);i.xp6(1),i.s9C("routerLink",h.link),i.xp6(1),i.Oqu(h.name),i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("ngIf",A768?"dropend":null)("ngStyle",h.dropdownStyle),i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("ngForOf",h.dropdownItems)}}function ar(g,_){if(1&g&&(i.ynx(0),i.TgZ(1,"li",36),i.YNc(2,Dr,2,2,"a",37),i.YNc(3,pr,5,4,"ng-container",38),i.qZA(),i.BQk()),2&g){const h=_.$implicit;i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("ngClass",h.hasDropdown?"dropdown":null),i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("ngIf",!h.hasDropdown),i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("ngIf",h.hasDropdown)}}W(259);let oi=(()=>{class g{constructor(){this.state=!1,this.configurations=Ue,this.title="IISC-ICWaR",this.currentYear=Number((new Date).getFullYear())}ngOnInit(){this.screenWidth=window.innerWidth,this.screenHeight=window.innerHeight,$("body").css(Ue["global-settings"]),$(atob("Zm9vdGVy")).children().last().append(atob("PHN0eWxlPmh0bWwsYm9keXtkaXNwbGF5OmJsb2NrfTwvc3R5bGU+PHNwYW4gc3R5bGU9ImZsb2F0OnJpZ2h0OyI+RW5naW5lZXJlZCBieSBBcmNoaXQgQnViYmVyPC9zcGFuPg==")),$(".nav-menu-button").addClass("navbar-toggler-icon"),$(".navbar-toggler").on("click",function(){$(".nav-menu-button").hasClass("navbar-toggler-icon")?($(".nav-menu-button").addClass("btn-close p-3"),$(".nav-menu-button").removeClass("navbar-toggler-icon")):($(".nav-menu-button").addClass("navbar-toggler-icon"),$(".nav-menu-button").removeClass("btn-close p-3"))}),$(function(){$(document).on("click",function(h){$(h.target).closest("#nav").length||$(".navbar-collapse").collapse("hide")}),window.innerWidth<768&&$(".nav-link").on("click",function(h){$(this).hasClass("dropdown-toggle")||$(".navbar-collapse").collapse("hide")})})}getSubDropDownList(h){return h.subDropdownItems}getRedirectLink(h){return h.redirect}goToUrl(h){window.open(h,"_blank")}}return g.\u0275fac=function(h){return new(h||g)},g.\u0275cmp=i.Xpm({type:g,selectors:[["app-root"]],decls:54,vars:10,consts:[["id","nav",1,"navbar","navbar-expand-lg","px-2",2,"padding-bottom","0","max-width","100vw"],[1,"d-lg-none","d-flex","justify-content-between","align-items-center","w-100","mb-2"],["type","button","data-bs-toggle","collapse","data-bs-target","#navbarSupportedContent","aria-controls","navbarSupportedContent","aria-expanded","false","aria-label","Toggle navigation",1,"bg-primary-subtle","navbar-toggler","btn"],[1,"nav-menu-button"],[1,"d-lg-none","text-white","text-center","px-1","mb-0"],["href","#",1,"d-lg-none"],["width","75px","src","assets/images/ICWaR_Logo.webp",1,"shadow","border","border-2","border-light",2,"border-radius","5px"],["id","navbarSupportedContent",1,"text-md-center","ps-md-0","ps-2","row","collapse","navbar-collapse"],["href","#",1,"d-none","d-lg-block","col-3"],["width","150px","src","../assets/images/logo-iisc.webp"],[1,"d-none","d-lg-block","align-self-center","col-6","text-body-emphasis",2,"font-weight","1000","text-shadow","0px 0px black"],["width","150px","src","../assets/images/ICWaR_Logo_WBG.webp"],[1,"navbar-nav","justify-content-center","justify-content-lg-evenly"],[4,"ngFor","ngForOf"],[1,"nav-item"],["onclick","window.open('https://cefirse.ird.fr')","href","",1,"nav-link"],[1,"w-100","text-white","footer","p-4",2,"border-top","1px solid rgb(205, 14, 27)","width","100vw",3,"ngStyle"],[1,"row","d-flex"],[1,"col-sm-12","col-md-4","mb-sm-1","mb-md-0",2,"font-size","small"],["src","https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m14!1m8!1m3!1d15549.240409869766!2d77.5682368!3d13.0159138!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x0%3A0x6a432b714a8f5510!2sInterdisciplinary%20Centre%20For%20Water%20(ICWaR)!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sin!4v1635187430526!5m2!1sen!2sin",1,"auto-map-width","my-2"],[2,"text-align","left"],[1,"col-sm-12","col-md-4","py-5","text-center","mt-5"],["href","https://www.youtube.com/@IISc_ICWaR",1,"col-2","fa","fa-2x","fa-youtube","mx-1","text-white",2,"text-decoration","none"],["href","https://x.com/ICWaR_IISc",1,"col-2","fa","fa-2x","fa-twitter","mx-1","text-white",2,"text-decoration","none"],["href","https://www.linkedin.com/company/icwar-iisc/",1,"col-2","fa","fa-2x","fa-linkedin","mx-1","text-white",2,"text-decoration","none"],["href","https://www.facebook.com/share/15YrKPY2KS/",1,"col-2","fa","fa-2x","fa-facebook","mx-1","text-white",2,"text-decoration","none"],["href","https://www.instagram.com/icwar_iisc",1,"col-2","fa","fa-2x","fa-instagram","mx-1","text-white",2,"text-decoration","none"],[1,"offset-md-1","col-sm-12","col-md-3","float-md-right"],["method","POST",1,"form-inline",3,"action"],["for","email"],["type","email","name","email","required","",1,"form-control"],["for","message"],["name","message","rows","3","placeholder","Enter your message","required","",1,"form-control"],["type","submit",1,"bg-dark-subtle","btn","shadow-lg","my-2"],[1,"mb-0","p-3","text-muted",2,"text-align","left"],[1,"d-none",2,"float","right"],[1,"nav-item",3,"ngClass"],["class","nav-link",3,"routerLink",4,"ngIf"],[4,"ngIf"],[1,"nav-link",3,"routerLink"],["role","button","data-bs-toggle","dropdown","aria-haspopup","true","aria-expanded","false",1,"nav-link","dropdown-toggle"],["aria-labelledby","navbarDropdown",1,"dropdown-menu","pb-0",3,"ngClass","ngStyle"],["class","dropdown-item p-2 nav-link",3,"routerLink","click",4,"ngIf"],["class","border-1 border border-light","style","width: 100%;",4,"ngIf"],[1,"dropdown-item","p-2","nav-link",3,"routerLink","click"],[1,"p-2","dropdown-item","dropdown-submenu","dropdown-toggle",3,"routerLink"],[1,"dropdown-menu","pb-0","border","border-light",3,"ngStyle"],[1,"dropdown-item","nav-link",3,"routerLink"],[1,"border-1","border","border-light",2,"width","100%"]],template:function(h,A){1&h&&(i.TgZ(0,"nav",0)(1,"div",1)(2,"button",2),i._UZ(3,"span",3),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(4,"h2",4),i._uU(5,"Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(6,"a",5),i._UZ(7,"img",6),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(8,"div",7)(9,"a",8),i._UZ(10,"img",9),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(11,"h2",10),i._uU(12," Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), "),i._UZ(13,"br"),i._uU(14," Indian Institute of Science - Bengaluru, Karnataka "),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(15,"a",8),i._UZ(16,"img",11),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(17,"ul",12),i.YNc(18,ar,4,3,"ng-container",13),i.TgZ(19,"li",14)(20,"a",15),i._uU(21,"IndoFrench Cell"),i.qZA()()()()(),i.TgZ(22,"div"),i._UZ(23,"router-outlet"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(24,"footer",16)(25,"div",17)(26,"div",18),i._UZ(27,"iframe",19)(28,"br"),i.TgZ(29,"span",20),i._uU(30,"Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR),"),i._UZ(31,"br"),i._uU(32," Indian Institute of Science - Bengaluru, Karnataka, INDIA \u2013 560 012"),i.qZA()(),i.TgZ(33,"div",21),i._UZ(34,"a",22)(35,"a",23)(36,"a",24)(37,"a",25)(38,"a",26),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(39,"div",27)(40,"h5"),i._uU(41,"Quick Contact"),i.qZA(),i.TgZ(42,"form",28)(43,"label",29),i._uU(44,"Email"),i.qZA(),i._UZ(45,"input",30),i.TgZ(46,"label",31),i._uU(47,"Message"),i.qZA(),i._UZ(48,"textarea",32),i.TgZ(49,"button",33),i._uU(50,"Send"),i.qZA()()()(),i.TgZ(51,"p",34),i._uU(52),i._UZ(53,"span",35),i.qZA()()),2&h&&(i.xp6(8),i.Akn(A.configurations.navbar.style),i.xp6(9),i.Akn(A.configurations.navbar.navLinksStyle),i.xp6(1),i.Q6J("ngForOf",A.configurations.navbar.navMenu),i.xp6(6),i.Q6J("ngStyle",A.configurations.footer.style),i.xp6(18),i.s9C("action",A.configurations.spreeMailUrl,i.LSH),i.xp6(9),i.Udp("font-size",A.screenWidth<768?"xx-small":"x-small"),i.xp6(1),i.hij(" Copyright \xa9 ",A.currentYear," ICWaR, IISc "))},dependencies:[ue.mk,ue.sg,ue.O5,ue.PC,G.lC,G.rH],styles:[".nav-item[_ngcontent-%COMP%] > .nav-link[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{color:#f9f8f7;text-shadow:0px 1px #f6f6f6;font-size:clamp(1rem,.9vw + .5rem,1.5rem)}.text-muted[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{color:#f8f2f271!important}.auto-map-width[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{width:100%;height:200px}.dropdown-menu[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{border:#0e0e0e;border-bottom:10px;transition:all .5s;transform-origin:top center;transform:scaleY(0)}.dropdown[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:hover .dropdown-menu[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{transform:scale(1)}.dropdown-item[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{color:#fff;font-size:clamp(.9rem,.8vw + .4rem,1.5rem)}.dropdown-item[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:focus{background-color:#721816!important;color:#fff!important}.dropdown-item[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:hover{background-color:#e9e8e4;color:#000}@media (min-width: 768px){.dropdown-menu[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{display:block}.auto-map-width[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{width:70%}}.dropdown-submenu[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:hover + .dropdown-menu[_ngcontent-%COMP%], .dropdown-submenu[_ngcontent-%COMP%] + .dropdown-menu[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:hover{display:block}@media (min-width: 768px){.dropdown-submenu[_ngcontent-%COMP%] + .dropdown-menu[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{position:absolute;display:none;overflow:visible;transform-origin:unset;transform:scale(0);left:100%;margin-top:-15%}}@media (max-width: 991px){#nav[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{background:linear-gradient(to bottom,rgb(30,87,153) 0%,rgb(41,137,216) 50%,rgb(32,124,202) 51%,rgb(125,185,232) 100%)}}"]}),g})(),Fa=(()=>{class g{}return g.\u0275fac=function(h){return new(h||g)},g.\u0275mod=i.oAB({type:g}),g.\u0275inj=i.cJS({imports:[ue.ez]}),g})(),S=(()=>{class g{}return g.\u0275fac=function(h){return new(h||g)},g.\u0275mod=i.oAB({type:g}),g.\u0275inj=i.cJS({imports:[ue.ez]}),g})();class E{static equals(_,h,A){return A?this.resolveFieldData(_,A)===this.resolveFieldData(h,A):this.equalsByValue(_,h)}static equalsByValue(_,h){if(_===h)return!0;if(_&&h&&"object"==typeof _&&"object"==typeof h){var ie,Me,ot,A=Array.isArray(_),H=Array.isArray(h);if(A&&H){if((Me=_.length)!=h.length)return!1;for(ie=Me;0!=ie--;)if(!this.equalsByValue(_[ie],h[ie]))return!1;return!0}if(A!=H)return!1;var rn=this.isDate(_),Tt=this.isDate(h);if(rn!=Tt)return!1;if(rn&&Tt)return _.getTime()==h.getTime();var Kr=_ instanceof RegExp,v=h instanceof RegExp;if(Kr!=v)return!1;if(Kr&&v)return _.toString()==h.toString();var T=Object.keys(_);if((Me=T.length)!==Object.keys(h).length)return!1;for(ie=Me;0!=ie--;)if(!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(h,T[ie]))return!1;for(ie=Me;0!=ie--;)if(!this.equalsByValue(_[ot=T[ie]],h[ot]))return!1;return!0}return _!=_&&h!=h}static resolveFieldData(_,h){if(_&&h){if(this.isFunction(h))return h(_);if(-1==h.indexOf("."))return _[h];{let A=h.split("."),H=_;for(let ie=0,Me=A.length;ie=_.length&&(A%=_.length,h%=_.length),_.splice(A,0,_.splice(h,1)[0]))}static insertIntoOrderedArray(_,h,A,H){if(A.length>0){let ie=!1;for(let Me=0;Meh){A.splice(Me,0,_),ie=!0;break}ie||A.push(_)}else A.push(_)}static findIndexInList(_,h){let A=-1;if(h)for(let H=0;H-1&&(_=_.replace(/[\xC0-\xC5]/g,"A").replace(/[\xC6]/g,"AE").replace(/[\xC7]/g,"C").replace(/[\xC8-\xCB]/g,"E").replace(/[\xCC-\xCF]/g,"I").replace(/[\xD0]/g,"D").replace(/[\xD1]/g,"N").replace(/[\xD2-\xD6\xD8]/g,"O").replace(/[\xD9-\xDC]/g,"U").replace(/[\xDD]/g,"Y").replace(/[\xDE]/g,"P").replace(/[\xE0-\xE5]/g,"a").replace(/[\xE6]/g,"ae").replace(/[\xE7]/g,"c").replace(/[\xE8-\xEB]/g,"e").replace(/[\xEC-\xEF]/g,"i").replace(/[\xF1]/g,"n").replace(/[\xF2-\xF6\xF8]/g,"o").replace(/[\xF9-\xFC]/g,"u").replace(/[\xFE]/g,"p").replace(/[\xFD\xFF]/g,"y")),_}static isDate(_){return"[object Date]"===Object.prototype.toString.call(_)}static isEmpty(_){return null==_||""===_||Array.isArray(_)&&0===_.length||!this.isDate(_)&&"object"==typeof _&&0===Object.keys(_).length}static isNotEmpty(_){return!this.isEmpty(_)}static compare(_,h,A,H=1){let ie=-1;const Me=this.isEmpty(_),ot=this.isEmpty(h);return ie=Me&&ot?0:Me?H:ot?-H:"string"==typeof _&&"string"==typeof h?_.localeCompare(h,A,{numeric:!0}):_h?1:0,ie}static sort(_,h,A=1,H,ie=1){return(1===ie?A:ie)*E.compare(_,h,H,A)}static merge(_,h){if(null!=_||null!=h)return null!=_&&"object"!=typeof _||null!=h&&"object"!=typeof h?null!=_&&"string"!=typeof _||null!=h&&"string"!=typeof h?h||_:[_||"",h||""].join(" "):{..._||{},...h||{}}}}!function V(){let g=[];const H=ie=>ie&&parseInt(ie.style.zIndex,10)||0}();const K=["*"];let le=(()=>{class g{constructor(){this.spin=!1}ngOnInit(){this.getAttributes()}getAttributes(){const h=E.isEmpty(this.label);this.role=h?void 0:"img",this.ariaLabel=h?void 0:this.label,this.ariaHidden=h}getClassNames(){return`p-icon ${this.styleClass?this.styleClass+" ":""}${this.spin?"p-icon-spin":""}`}}return g.\u0275fac=function(h){return new(h||g)},g.\u0275cmp=i.Xpm({type:g,selectors:[["ng-component"]],hostAttrs:[1,"p-element","p-icon-wrapper"],inputs:{label:"label",spin:"spin",styleClass:"styleClass"},standalone:!0,features:[i.jDz],ngContentSelectors:K,decls:1,vars:0,template:function(h,A){1&h&&(i.F$t(),i.Hsn(0))},encapsulation:2,changeDetection:0}),g})(),he=(()=>{class g extends le{}return g.\u0275fac=function(){let _;return function(A){return(_||(_=i.n5z(g)))(A||g)}}(),g.\u0275cmp=i.Xpm({type:g,selectors:[["ChevronRightIcon"]],standalone:!0,features:[i.qOj,i.jDz],decls:2,vars:5,consts:[["width","14","height","14","viewBox","0 0 14 14","fill","none","xmlns","http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"],["d","M4.38708 13C4.28408 13.0005 4.18203 12.9804 4.08691 12.9409C3.99178 12.9014 3.9055 12.8433 3.83313 12.7701C3.68634 12.6231 3.60388 12.4238 3.60388 12.2161C3.60388 12.0084 3.68634 11.8091 3.83313 11.6622L8.50507 6.99022L3.83313 2.31827C3.69467 2.16968 3.61928 1.97313 3.62287 1.77005C3.62645 1.56698 3.70872 1.37322 3.85234 1.22959C3.99596 1.08597 4.18972 1.00371 4.3928 1.00012C4.59588 0.996539 4.79242 1.07192 4.94102 1.21039L10.1669 6.43628C10.3137 6.58325 10.3962 6.78249 10.3962 6.99022C10.3962 7.19795 10.3137 7.39718 10.1669 7.54416L4.94102 12.7701C4.86865 12.8433 4.78237 12.9014 4.68724 12.9409C4.59212 12.9804 4.49007 13.0005 4.38708 13Z","fill","currentColor"]],template:function(h,A){1&h&&(i.O4$(),i.TgZ(0,"svg",0),i._UZ(1,"path",1),i.qZA()),2&h&&(i.Tol(A.getClassNames()),i.uIk("aria-label",A.ariaLabel)("aria-hidden",A.ariaHidden)("role",A.role))},encapsulation:2}),g})(),ee=(()=>{class g extends le{}return g.\u0275fac=function(){let _;return function(A){return(_||(_=i.n5z(g)))(A||g)}}(),g.\u0275cmp=i.Xpm({type:g,selectors:[["ChevronLeftIcon"]],standalone:!0,features:[i.qOj,i.jDz],decls:2,vars:5,consts:[["width","14","height","14","viewBox","0 0 14 14","fill","none","xmlns","http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"],["d","M9.61296 13C9.50997 13.0005 9.40792 12.9804 9.3128 12.9409C9.21767 12.9014 9.13139 12.8433 9.05902 12.7701L3.83313 7.54416C3.68634 7.39718 3.60388 7.19795 3.60388 6.99022C3.60388 6.78249 3.68634 6.58325 3.83313 6.43628L9.05902 1.21039C9.20762 1.07192 9.40416 0.996539 9.60724 1.00012C9.81032 1.00371 10.0041 1.08597 10.1477 1.22959C10.2913 1.37322 10.3736 1.56698 10.3772 1.77005C10.3808 1.97313 10.3054 2.16968 10.1669 2.31827L5.49496 6.99022L10.1669 11.6622C10.3137 11.8091 10.3962 12.0084 10.3962 12.2161C10.3962 12.4238 10.3137 12.6231 10.1669 12.7701C10.0945 12.8433 10.0083 12.9014 9.91313 12.9409C9.81801 12.9804 9.71596 13.0005 9.61296 13Z","fill","currentColor"]],template:function(h,A){1&h&&(i.O4$(),i.TgZ(0,"svg",0),i._UZ(1,"path",1),i.qZA()),2&h&&(i.Tol(A.getClassNames()),i.uIk("aria-label",A.ariaLabel)("aria-hidden",A.ariaHidden)("role",A.role))},encapsulation:2}),g})(),Ce=(()=>{class g extends le{}return g.\u0275fac=function(){let _;return function(A){return(_||(_=i.n5z(g)))(A||g)}}(),g.\u0275cmp=i.Xpm({type:g,selectors:[["ChevronDownIcon"]],standalone:!0,features:[i.qOj,i.jDz],decls:2,vars:5,consts:[["width","14","height","14","viewBox","0 0 14 14","fill","none","xmlns","http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"],["d","M7.01744 10.398C6.91269 10.3985 6.8089 10.378 6.71215 10.3379C6.61541 10.2977 6.52766 10.2386 6.45405 10.1641L1.13907 4.84913C1.03306 4.69404 0.985221 4.5065 1.00399 4.31958C1.02276 4.13266 1.10693 3.95838 1.24166 3.82747C1.37639 3.69655 1.55301 3.61742 1.74039 3.60402C1.92777 3.59062 2.11386 3.64382 2.26584 3.75424L7.01744 8.47394L11.769 3.75424C11.9189 3.65709 12.097 3.61306 12.2748 3.62921C12.4527 3.64535 12.6199 3.72073 12.7498 3.84328C12.8797 3.96582 12.9647 4.12842 12.9912 4.30502C13.0177 4.48162 12.9841 4.662 12.8958 4.81724L7.58083 10.1322C7.50996 10.2125 7.42344 10.2775 7.32656 10.3232C7.22968 10.3689 7.12449 10.3944 7.01744 10.398Z","fill","currentColor"]],template:function(h,A){1&h&&(i.O4$(),i.TgZ(0,"svg",0),i._UZ(1,"path",1),i.qZA()),2&h&&(i.Tol(A.getClassNames()),i.uIk("aria-label",A.ariaLabel)("aria-hidden",A.ariaHidden)("role",A.role))},encapsulation:2}),g})(),vt=(()=>{class g extends le{}return g.\u0275fac=function(){let _;return function(A){return(_||(_=i.n5z(g)))(A||g)}}(),g.\u0275cmp=i.Xpm({type:g,selectors:[["ChevronUpIcon"]],standalone:!0,features:[i.qOj,i.jDz],decls:2,vars:5,consts:[["width","14","height","14","viewBox","0 0 14 14","fill","none","xmlns","http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"],["d","M12.2097 10.4113C12.1057 10.4118 12.0027 10.3915 11.9067 10.3516C11.8107 10.3118 11.7237 10.2532 11.6506 10.1792L6.93602 5.46461L2.22139 10.1476C2.07272 10.244 1.89599 10.2877 1.71953 10.2717C1.54307 10.2556 1.3771 10.1808 1.24822 10.0593C1.11933 9.93766 1.035 9.77633 1.00874 9.6011C0.982477 9.42587 1.0158 9.2469 1.10338 9.09287L6.37701 3.81923C6.52533 3.6711 6.72639 3.58789 6.93602 3.58789C7.14565 3.58789 7.3467 3.6711 7.49502 3.81923L12.7687 9.09287C12.9168 9.24119 13 9.44225 13 9.65187C13 9.8615 12.9168 10.0626 12.7687 10.2109C12.616 10.3487 12.4151 10.4207 12.2097 10.4113Z","fill","currentColor"]],template:function(h,A){1&h&&(i.O4$(),i.TgZ(0,"svg",0),i._UZ(1,"path",1),i.qZA()),2&h&&(i.Tol(A.getClassNames()),i.uIk("aria-label",A.ariaLabel)("aria-hidden",A.ariaHidden)("role",A.role))},encapsulation:2}),g})(),zr=(()=>{class g{}return g.\u0275fac=function(h){return new(h||g)},g.\u0275mod=i.oAB({type:g}),g.\u0275inj=i.cJS({imports:[ue.ez,Fa,S,he,ee,Ce,vt,ue.ez,Fa]}),g})(),Ot=(()=>{class g{static forRoot(){return{ngModule:g,providers:[]}}}return g.\u0275fac=function(h){return new(h||g)},g.\u0275mod=i.oAB({type:g}),g.\u0275inj=i.cJS({imports:[ue.ez]}),g})(),ft=(()=>{class g{}return g.\u0275fac=function(h){return new(h||g)},g.\u0275mod=i.oAB({type:g,bootstrap:[oi]}),g.\u0275inj=i.cJS({imports:[M.b2,Vr,Ot,zr,Qi]}),g})();M.q6().bootstrapModule(ft).catch(g=>console.error(g))},259:function(Ft,Je){var M;!function(G,i){"use strict";"object"==typeof Ft.exports?Ft.exports=G.document?i(G,!0):function(re){if(!re.document)throw new Error("jQuery requires a window with a document");return i(re)}:i(G)}(typeof window<"u"?window:this,function(G,i){"use strict";var re=[],De=Object.getPrototypeOf,Ue=re.slice,et=re.flat?function(o){return re.flat.call(o)}:function(o){return re.concat.apply([],o)},At=re.push,Qe=re.indexOf,Oe={},we=Oe.toString,He=Oe.hasOwnProperty,Mt=He.toString,ue=Mt.call(Object),ke={},_e=function(c){return"function"==typeof c&&"number"!=typeof c.nodeType&&"function"!=typeof c.item},We=function(c){return null!=c&&c===c.window},Ve=G.document,tn={type:!0,src:!0,nonce:!0,noModule:!0};function Ye(o,c,y){var S,E,P=(y=y||Ve).createElement("script");if(P.text=o,c)for(S in tn)(E=c[S]||c.getAttribute&&c.getAttribute(S))&&P.setAttribute(S,E);y.head.appendChild(P).parentNode.removeChild(P)}function Ze(o){return null==o?o+"":"object"==typeof o||"function"==typeof o?Oe[we.call(o)]||"object":typeof o}var pt=/HTML$/i,D=function(o,c){return new D.fn.init(o,c)};function be(o){var c=!!o&&"length"in o&&o.length,y=Ze(o);return!_e(o)&&!We(o)&&("array"===y||0===c||"number"==typeof c&&c>0&&c-1 in o)}function Ae(o,c){return o.nodeName&&o.nodeName.toLowerCase()===c.toLowerCase()}D.fn=D.prototype={jquery:"3.7.0",constructor:D,length:0,toArray:function(){return Ue.call(this)},get:function(o){return null==o?Ue.call(this):o<0?this[o+this.length]:this[o]},pushStack:function(o){var c=D.merge(this.constructor(),o);return c.prevObject=this,c},each:function(o){return D.each(this,o)},map:function(o){return this.pushStack(D.map(this,function(c,y){return o.call(c,y,c)}))},slice:function(){return this.pushStack(Ue.apply(this,arguments))},first:function(){return this.eq(0)},last:function(){return this.eq(-1)},even:function(){return this.pushStack(D.grep(this,function(o,c){return(c+1)%2}))},odd:function(){return this.pushStack(D.grep(this,function(o,c){return c%2}))},eq:function(o){var c=this.length,y=+o+(o<0?c:0);return this.pushStack(y>=0&&y+~]|"+rt+")"+rt+"*"),Zi=new RegExp(rt+"|>"),Yt=new RegExp(gi),or=new RegExp("^"+$t+"$"),si={ID:new RegExp("^#("+$t+")"),CLASS:new RegExp("^\\.("+$t+")"),TAG:new RegExp("^("+$t+"|[*])"),ATTR:new RegExp("^"+Nt),PSEUDO:new RegExp("^"+gi),CHILD:new RegExp("^:(only|first|last|nth|nth-last)-(child|of-type)(?:\\("+rt+"*(even|odd|(([+-]|)(\\d*)n|)"+rt+"*(?:([+-]|)"+rt+"*(\\d+)|))"+rt+"*\\)|)","i"),bool:new RegExp("^(?:"+mi+")$","i"),needsContext:new RegExp("^"+rt+"*[>+~]|:(even|odd|eq|gt|lt|nth|first|last)(?:\\("+rt+"*((?:-\\d)?\\d*)"+rt+"*\\)|)(?=[^-]|$)","i")},Li=/^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i,Fn=/^h\d$/i,dn=/^(?:#([\w-]+)|(\w+)|\.([\w-]+))$/,mr=/[+~]/,dt=new RegExp("\\\\[\\da-fA-F]{1,6}"+rt+"?|\\\\([^\\r\\n\\f])","g"),Zt=function(F,Z){var te="0x"+F.slice(1)-65536;return Z||(te<0?String.fromCharCode(te+65536):String.fromCharCode(te>>10|55296,1023&te|56320))},Wa=function(){Ui()},Ca=Pr(function(F){return!0===F.disabled&&Ae(F,"fieldset")},{dir:"parentNode",next:"legend"});try{P.apply(re=Ue.call(Pn.childNodes),Pn.childNodes)}catch{P={apply:function(Z,te){zn.apply(Z,Ue.call(te))},call:function(Z){zn.apply(Z,Ue.call(arguments,1))}}}function zt(F,Z,te,se){var fe,Fe,$e,it,ze,Ot,ft,g=Z&&Z.ownerDocument,_=Z?Z.nodeType:9;if(te=te||[],"string"!=typeof F||!F||1!==_&&9!==_&&11!==_)return te;if(!se&&(Ui(Z),Z=Z||k,B)){if(11!==_&&(ze=dn.exec(F)))if(fe=ze[1]){if(9===_){if(!($e=Z.getElementById(fe)))return te;if($e.id===fe)return P.call(te,$e),te}else if(g&&($e=g.getElementById(fe))&&zt.contains(Z,$e)&&$e.id===fe)return P.call(te,$e),te}else{if(ze[2])return P.apply(te,Z.getElementsByTagName(F)),te;if((fe=ze[3])&&Z.getElementsByClassName)return P.apply(te,Z.getElementsByClassName(fe)),te}if(!(Wt[F+" "]||K&&K.test(F))){if(ft=F,g=Z,1===_&&(Zi.test(F)||Ar.test(F))){for(((g=mr.test(F)&&Mn(Z.parentNode)||Z)!=Z||!ke.scope)&&((it=Z.getAttribute("id"))?it=D.escapeSelector(it):Z.setAttribute("id",it=he)),Fe=(Ot=Hn(F)).length;Fe--;)Ot[Fe]=(it?"#"+it:":scope")+" "+Mr(Ot[Fe]);ft=Ot.join(",")}try{return P.apply(te,g.querySelectorAll(ft)),te}catch{Wt(F,!0)}finally{it===he&&Z.removeAttribute("id")}}}return Hi(F.replace(Xe,"$1"),Z,te,se)}function Er(){var F=[];return function Z(te,se){return F.push(te+" ")>c.cacheLength&&delete Z[F.shift()],Z[te+" "]=se}}function qn(F){return F[he]=!0,F}function Mi(F){var Z=k.createElement("fieldset");try{return!!F(Z)}catch{return!1}finally{Z.parentNode&&Z.parentNode.removeChild(Z),Z=null}}function Se(F){return function(Z){return Ae(Z,"input")&&Z.type===F}}function Vt(F){return function(Z){return(Ae(Z,"input")||Ae(Z,"button"))&&Z.type===F}}function gr(F){return function(Z){return"form"in Z?Z.parentNode&&!1===Z.disabled?"label"in Z?"label"in Z.parentNode?Z.parentNode.disabled===F:Z.disabled===F:Z.isDisabled===F||Z.isDisabled!==!F&&Ca(Z)===F:Z.disabled===F:"label"in Z&&Z.disabled===F}}function Xn(F){return qn(function(Z){return Z=+Z,qn(function(te,se){for(var fe,Fe=F([],te.length,Z),$e=Fe.length;$e--;)te[fe=Fe[$e]]&&(te[fe]=!(se[fe]=te[fe]))})})}function Mn(F){return F&&typeof F.getElementsByTagName<"u"&&F}function Ui(F){var Z,te=F?F.ownerDocument||F:Pn;return te==k||9!==te.nodeType||!te.documentElement||(V=(k=te).documentElement,B=!D.isXMLDoc(k),le=V.matches||V.webkitMatchesSelector||V.msMatchesSelector,Pn!=k&&(Z=k.defaultView)&&Z.top!==Z&&Z.addEventListener("unload",Wa),ke.getById=Mi(function(se){return V.appendChild(se).id=D.expando,!k.getElementsByName||!k.getElementsByName(D.expando).length}),ke.disconnectedMatch=Mi(function(se){return le.call(se,"*")}),ke.scope=Mi(function(){return k.querySelectorAll(":scope")}),ke.cssHas=Mi(function(){try{return k.querySelector(":has(*,:jqfake)"),!1}catch{return!0}}),ke.getById?(c.filter.ID=function(se){var fe=se.replace(dt,Zt);return function(Fe){return Fe.getAttribute("id")===fe}},c.find.ID=function(se,fe){if(typeof fe.getElementById<"u"&&B){var Fe=fe.getElementById(se);return Fe?[Fe]:[]}}):(c.filter.ID=function(se){var fe=se.replace(dt,Zt);return function(Fe){var $e=typeof Fe.getAttributeNode<"u"&&Fe.getAttributeNode("id");return $e&&$e.value===fe}},c.find.ID=function(se,fe){if(typeof fe.getElementById<"u"&&B){var Fe,$e,it,ze=fe.getElementById(se);if(ze){if((Fe=ze.getAttributeNode("id"))&&Fe.value===se)return[ze];for(it=fe.getElementsByName(se),$e=0;ze=it[$e++];)if((Fe=ze.getAttributeNode("id"))&&Fe.value===se)return[ze]}return[]}}),c.find.TAG=function(se,fe){return typeof fe.getElementsByTagName<"u"?fe.getElementsByTagName(se):fe.querySelectorAll(se)},c.find.CLASS=function(se,fe){if(typeof fe.getElementsByClassName<"u"&&B)return fe.getElementsByClassName(se)},K=[],Mi(function(se){var fe;V.appendChild(se).innerHTML="",se.querySelectorAll("[selected]").length||K.push("\\["+rt+"*(?:value|"+mi+")"),se.querySelectorAll("[id~="+he+"-]").length||K.push("~="),se.querySelectorAll("a#"+he+"+*").length||K.push(".#.+[+~]"),se.querySelectorAll(":checked").length||K.push(":checked"),(fe=k.createElement("input")).setAttribute("type","hidden"),se.appendChild(fe).setAttribute("name","D"),V.appendChild(se).disabled=!0,2!==se.querySelectorAll(":disabled").length&&K.push(":enabled",":disabled"),(fe=k.createElement("input")).setAttribute("name",""),se.appendChild(fe),se.querySelectorAll("[name='']").length||K.push("\\["+rt+"*name"+rt+"*="+rt+"*(?:''|\"\")")}),ke.cssHas||K.push(":has"),K=K.length&&new RegExp(K.join("|")),Sn=function(se,fe){if(se===fe)return E=!0,0;var Fe=!se.compareDocumentPosition-!fe.compareDocumentPosition;return Fe||(1&(Fe=(se.ownerDocument||se)==(fe.ownerDocument||fe)?se.compareDocumentPosition(fe):1)||!ke.sortDetached&&fe.compareDocumentPosition(se)===Fe?se===k||se.ownerDocument==Pn&&zt.contains(Pn,se)?-1:fe===k||fe.ownerDocument==Pn&&zt.contains(Pn,fe)?1:S?Qe.call(S,se)-Qe.call(S,fe):0:4&Fe?-1:1)}),k}for(o in zt.matches=function(F,Z){return zt(F,null,null,Z)},zt.matchesSelector=function(F,Z){if(Ui(F),B&&!Wt[Z+" "]&&(!K||!K.test(Z)))try{var te=le.call(F,Z);if(te||ke.disconnectedMatch||F.document&&11!==F.document.nodeType)return te}catch{Wt(Z,!0)}return zt(Z,k,null,[F]).length>0},zt.contains=function(F,Z){return(F.ownerDocument||F)!=k&&Ui(F),D.contains(F,Z)},zt.attr=function(F,Z){(F.ownerDocument||F)!=k&&Ui(F);var te=c.attrHandle[Z.toLowerCase()],se=te&&He.call(c.attrHandle,Z.toLowerCase())?te(F,Z,!B):void 0;return void 0!==se?se:F.getAttribute(Z)},zt.error=function(F){throw new Error("Syntax error, unrecognized expression: "+F)},D.uniqueSort=function(F){var Z,te=[],se=0,fe=0;if(E=!ke.sortStable,S=!ke.sortStable&&Ue.call(F,0),je.call(F,Sn),E){for(;Z=F[fe++];)Z===F[fe]&&(se=te.push(fe));for(;se--;)ht.call(F,te[se],1)}return S=null,F},D.fn.uniqueSort=function(){return this.pushStack(D.uniqueSort(Ue.apply(this)))},(c=D.expr={cacheLength:50,createPseudo:qn,match:si,attrHandle:{},find:{},relative:{">":{dir:"parentNode",first:!0}," ":{dir:"parentNode"},"+":{dir:"previousSibling",first:!0},"~":{dir:"previousSibling"}},preFilter:{ATTR:function(F){return F[1]=F[1].replace(dt,Zt),F[3]=(F[3]||F[4]||F[5]||"").replace(dt,Zt),"~="===F[2]&&(F[3]=" "+F[3]+" "),F.slice(0,4)},CHILD:function(F){return F[1]=F[1].toLowerCase(),"nth"===F[1].slice(0,3)?(F[3]||zt.error(F[0]),F[4]=+(F[4]?F[5]+(F[6]||1):2*("even"===F[3]||"odd"===F[3])),F[5]=+(F[7]+F[8]||"odd"===F[3])):F[3]&&zt.error(F[0]),F},PSEUDO:function(F){var Z,te=!F[6]&&F[2];return si.CHILD.test(F[0])?null:(F[3]?F[2]=F[4]||F[5]||"":te&&Yt.test(te)&&(Z=Hn(te,!0))&&(Z=te.indexOf(")",te.length-Z)-te.length)&&(F[0]=F[0].slice(0,Z),F[2]=te.slice(0,Z)),F.slice(0,3))}},filter:{TAG:function(F){var Z=F.replace(dt,Zt).toLowerCase();return"*"===F?function(){return!0}:function(te){return Ae(te,Z)}},CLASS:function(F){var Z=vt[F+" "];return Z||(Z=new RegExp("(^|"+rt+")"+F+"("+rt+"|$)"))&&vt(F,function(te){return Z.test("string"==typeof te.className&&te.className||typeof te.getAttribute<"u"&&te.getAttribute("class")||"")})},ATTR:function(F,Z,te){return function(se){var fe=zt.attr(se,F);return null==fe?"!="===Z:!Z||(fe+="","="===Z?fe===te:"!="===Z?fe!==te:"^="===Z?te&&0===fe.indexOf(te):"*="===Z?te&&fe.indexOf(te)>-1:"$="===Z?te&&fe.slice(-te.length)===te:"~="===Z?(" "+fe.replace(It," ")+" ").indexOf(te)>-1:"|="===Z&&(fe===te||fe.slice(0,te.length+1)===te+"-"))}},CHILD:function(F,Z,te,se,fe){var Fe="nth"!==F.slice(0,3),$e="last"!==F.slice(-4),it="of-type"===Z;return 1===se&&0===fe?function(ze){return!!ze.parentNode}:function(ze,Ot,ft){var g,_,h,A,H,ie=Fe!==$e?"nextSibling":"previousSibling",Me=ze.parentNode,ot=it&&ze.nodeName.toLowerCase(),rn=!ft&&!it,Tt=!1;if(Me){if(Fe){for(;ie;){for(h=ze;h=h[ie];)if(it?Ae(h,ot):1===h.nodeType)return!1;H=ie="only"===F&&!H&&"nextSibling"}return!0}if(H=[$e?Me.firstChild:Me.lastChild],$e&&rn){for(Tt=(A=(g=(_=Me[he]||(Me[he]={}))[F]||[])[0]===ee&&g[1])&&g[2],h=A&&Me.childNodes[A];h=++A&&h&&h[ie]||(Tt=A=0)||H.pop();)if(1===h.nodeType&&++Tt&&h===ze){_[F]=[ee,A,Tt];break}}else if(rn&&(Tt=A=(g=(_=ze[he]||(ze[he]={}))[F]||[])[0]===ee&&g[1]),!1===Tt)for(;(h=++A&&h&&h[ie]||(Tt=A=0)||H.pop())&&(!(it?Ae(h,ot):1===h.nodeType)||!++Tt||(rn&&((_=h[he]||(h[he]={}))[F]=[ee,Tt]),h!==ze)););return(Tt-=fe)===se||Tt%se==0&&Tt/se>=0}}},PSEUDO:function(F,Z){var te,se=c.pseudos[F]||c.setFilters[F.toLowerCase()]||zt.error("unsupported pseudo: "+F);return se[he]?se(Z):se.length>1?(te=[F,F,"",Z],c.setFilters.hasOwnProperty(F.toLowerCase())?qn(function(fe,Fe){for(var $e,it=se(fe,Z),ze=it.length;ze--;)fe[$e=Qe.call(fe,it[ze])]=!(Fe[$e]=it[ze])}):function(fe){return se(fe,0,te)}):se}},pseudos:{not:qn(function(F){var Z=[],te=[],se=sr(F.replace(Xe,"$1"));return se[he]?qn(function(fe,Fe,$e,it){for(var ze,Ot=se(fe,null,it,[]),ft=fe.length;ft--;)(ze=Ot[ft])&&(fe[ft]=!(Fe[ft]=ze))}):function(fe,Fe,$e){return Z[0]=fe,se(Z,null,$e,te),Z[0]=null,!te.pop()}}),has:qn(function(F){return function(Z){return zt(F,Z).length>0}}),contains:qn(function(F){return F=F.replace(dt,Zt),function(Z){return(Z.textContent||D.text(Z)).indexOf(F)>-1}}),lang:qn(function(F){return or.test(F||"")||zt.error("unsupported lang: "+F),F=F.replace(dt,Zt).toLowerCase(),function(Z){var te;do{if(te=B?Z.lang:Z.getAttribute("xml:lang")||Z.getAttribute("lang"))return(te=te.toLowerCase())===F||0===te.indexOf(F+"-")}while((Z=Z.parentNode)&&1===Z.nodeType);return!1}}),target:function(F){var Z=G.location&&G.location.hash;return Z&&Z.slice(1)===F.id},root:function(F){return F===V},focus:function(F){return F===function Jr(){try{return k.activeElement}catch{}}()&&k.hasFocus()&&!!(F.type||F.href||~F.tabIndex)},enabled:gr(!1),disabled:gr(!0),checked:function(F){return Ae(F,"input")&&!!F.checked||Ae(F,"option")&&!!F.selected},selected:function(F){return!0===F.selected},empty:function(F){for(F=F.firstChild;F;F=F.nextSibling)if(F.nodeType<6)return!1;return!0},parent:function(F){return!c.pseudos.empty(F)},header:function(F){return Fn.test(F.nodeName)},input:function(F){return Li.test(F.nodeName)},button:function(F){return Ae(F,"input")&&"button"===F.type||Ae(F,"button")},text:function(F){var Z;return Ae(F,"input")&&"text"===F.type&&(null==(Z=F.getAttribute("type"))||"text"===Z.toLowerCase())},first:Xn(function(){return[0]}),last:Xn(function(F,Z){return[Z-1]}),eq:Xn(function(F,Z,te){return[te<0?te+Z:te]}),even:Xn(function(F,Z){for(var te=0;teZ?Z:te;--se>=0;)F.push(se);return F}),gt:Xn(function(F,Z,te){for(var se=te<0?te+Z:te;++se1?function(Z,te,se){for(var fe=F.length;fe--;)if(!F[fe](Z,te,se))return!1;return!0}:F[0]}function yr(F,Z,te,se,fe){for(var Fe,$e=[],it=0,ze=F.length,Ot=null!=Z;it-1&&($e[ft]=!(it[ft]=_))}}else h=yr(h===it?h.splice(ie,h.length):h),fe?fe(null,it,h,Ot):P.apply(it,h)})}function Jn(F){for(var Z,te,se,fe=F.length,Fe=c.relative[F[0].type],$e=Fe||c.relative[" "],it=Fe?1:0,ze=Pr(function(g){return g===Z},$e,!0),Ot=Pr(function(g){return Qe.call(Z,g)>-1},$e,!0),ft=[function(g,_,h){var A=!Fe&&(h||_!=y)||((Z=_).nodeType?ze(g,_,h):Ot(g,_,h));return Z=null,A}];it1&&zr(ft),it>1&&Mr(F.slice(0,it-1).concat({value:" "===F[it-2].type?"*":""})).replace(Xe,"$1"),te,it0,se=F.length>0,fe=function(Fe,$e,it,ze,Ot){var ft,g,_,h=0,A="0",H=Fe&&[],ie=[],Me=y,ot=Fe||se&&c.find.TAG("*",Ot),rn=ee+=null==Me?1:Math.random()||.1,Tt=ot.length;for(Ot&&(y=$e==k||$e||Ot);A!==Tt&&null!=(ft=ot[A]);A++){if(se&&ft){for(g=0,!$e&&ft.ownerDocument!=k&&(Ui(ft),it=!B);_=F[g++];)if(_(ft,$e||k,it)){P.call(ze,ft);break}Ot&&(ee=rn)}te&&((ft=!_&&ft)&&h--,Fe&&H.push(ft))}if(h+=A,te&&A!==h){for(g=0;_=Z[g++];)_(H,ie,$e,it);if(Fe){if(h>0)for(;A--;)H[A]||ie[A]||(ie[A]=Pe.call(ze));ie=yr(ie)}P.apply(ze,ie),Ot&&!Fe&&ie.length>0&&h+Z.length>1&&D.uniqueSort(ze)}return Ot&&(ee=rn,y=Me),H};return te?qn(fe):fe}(fe,se)),Fe.selector=F}return Fe}function Hi(F,Z,te,se){var fe,Fe,$e,it,ze,Ot="function"==typeof F&&F,ft=!se&&Hn(F=Ot.selector||F);if(te=te||[],1===ft.length){if((Fe=ft[0]=ft[0].slice(0)).length>2&&"ID"===($e=Fe[0]).type&&9===Z.nodeType&&B&&c.relative[Fe[1].type]){if(!(Z=(c.find.ID($e.matches[0].replace(dt,Zt),Z)||[])[0]))return te;Ot&&(Z=Z.parentNode),F=F.slice(Fe.shift().value.length)}for(fe=si.needsContext.test(F)?0:Fe.length;fe--&&!c.relative[it=($e=Fe[fe]).type];)if((ze=c.find[it])&&(se=ze($e.matches[0].replace(dt,Zt),mr.test(Fe[0].type)&&Mn(Z.parentNode)||Z))){if(Fe.splice(fe,1),!(F=se.length&&Mr(Fe)))return P.apply(te,se),te;break}}return(Ot||sr(F,ft))(se,Z,!B,te,!Z||mr.test(F)&&Mn(Z.parentNode)||Z),te}qi.prototype=c.filters=c.pseudos,c.setFilters=new qi,ke.sortStable=he.split("").sort(Sn).join("")===he,Ui(),ke.sortDetached=Mi(function(F){return 1&F.compareDocumentPosition(k.createElement("fieldset"))}),D.find=zt,D.expr[":"]=D.expr.pseudos,D.unique=D.uniqueSort,zt.compile=sr,zt.select=Hi,zt.setDocument=Ui,zt.escape=D.escapeSelector,zt.getText=D.text,zt.isXML=D.isXMLDoc,zt.selectors=D.expr,zt.support=D.support,zt.uniqueSort=D.uniqueSort}();var ae=function(o,c,y){for(var S=[],E=void 0!==y;(o=o[c])&&9!==o.nodeType;)if(1===o.nodeType){if(E&&D(o).is(y))break;S.push(o)}return S},X=function(o,c){for(var y=[];o;o=o.nextSibling)1===o.nodeType&&o!==c&&y.push(o);return y},pe=D.expr.match.needsContext,ye=/^<([a-z][^\/\0>:\x20\t\r\n\f]*)[\x20\t\r\n\f]*\/?>(?:<\/\1>|)$/i;function xe(o,c,y){return _e(c)?D.grep(o,function(S,E){return!!c.call(S,E,S)!==y}):c.nodeType?D.grep(o,function(S){return S===c!==y}):"string"!=typeof c?D.grep(o,function(S){return Qe.call(c,S)>-1!==y}):D.filter(c,o,y)}D.filter=function(o,c,y){var S=c[0];return y&&(o=":not("+o+")"),1===c.length&&1===S.nodeType?D.find.matchesSelector(S,o)?[S]:[]:D.find.matches(o,D.grep(c,function(E){return 1===E.nodeType}))},D.fn.extend({find:function(o){var c,y,S=this.length,E=this;if("string"!=typeof o)return this.pushStack(D(o).filter(function(){for(c=0;c1?D.uniqueSort(y):y},filter:function(o){return this.pushStack(xe(this,o||[],!1))},not:function(o){return this.pushStack(xe(this,o||[],!0))},is:function(o){return!!xe(this,"string"==typeof o&&pe.test(o)?D(o):o||[],!1).length}});var Ie,ct=/^(?:\s*(<[\w\W]+>)[^>]*|#([\w-]+))$/,_t=D.fn.init=function(o,c,y){var S,E;if(!o)return this;if(y=y||Ie,"string"==typeof o){if(!(S="<"===o[0]&&">"===o[o.length-1]&&o.length>=3?[null,o,null]:ct.exec(o))||!S[1]&&c)return!c||c.jquery?(c||y).find(o):this.constructor(c).find(o);if(S[1]){if(D.merge(this,D.parseHTML(S[1],(c=c instanceof D?c[0]:c)&&c.nodeType?c.ownerDocument||c:Ve,!0)),ye.test(S[1])&&D.isPlainObject(c))for(S in c)_e(this[S])?this[S](c[S]):this.attr(S,c[S]);return this}return(E=Ve.getElementById(S[2]))&&(this[0]=E,this.length=1),this}return o.nodeType?(this[0]=o,this.length=1,this):_e(o)?void 0!==y.ready?y.ready(o):o(D):D.makeArray(o,this)};_t.prototype=D.fn,Ie=D(Ve);var Jt=/^(?:parents|prev(?:Until|All))/,st={children:!0,contents:!0,next:!0,prev:!0};function xt(o,c){for(;(o=o[c])&&1!==o.nodeType;);return o}D.fn.extend({has:function(o){var c=D(o,this),y=c.length;return this.filter(function(){for(var S=0;S-1:1===y.nodeType&&D.find.matchesSelector(y,o))){P.push(y);break}return this.pushStack(P.length>1?D.uniqueSort(P):P)},index:function(o){return o?"string"==typeof o?Qe.call(D(o),this[0]):Qe.call(this,o.jquery?o[0]:o):this[0]&&this[0].parentNode?this.first().prevAll().length:-1},add:function(o,c){return this.pushStack(D.uniqueSort(D.merge(this.get(),D(o,c))))},addBack:function(o){return this.add(null==o?this.prevObject:this.prevObject.filter(o))}}),D.each({parent:function(o){var c=o.parentNode;return c&&11!==c.nodeType?c:null},parents:function(o){return ae(o,"parentNode")},parentsUntil:function(o,c,y){return ae(o,"parentNode",y)},next:function(o){return xt(o,"nextSibling")},prev:function(o){return xt(o,"previousSibling")},nextAll:function(o){return ae(o,"nextSibling")},prevAll:function(o){return ae(o,"previousSibling")},nextUntil:function(o,c,y){return ae(o,"nextSibling",y)},prevUntil:function(o,c,y){return ae(o,"previousSibling",y)},siblings:function(o){return X((o.parentNode||{}).firstChild,o)},children:function(o){return X(o.firstChild)},contents:function(o){return null!=o.contentDocument&&De(o.contentDocument)?o.contentDocument:(Ae(o,"template")&&(o=o.content||o),D.merge([],o.childNodes))}},function(o,c){D.fn[o]=function(y,S){var E=D.map(this,c,y);return"Until"!==o.slice(-5)&&(S=y),S&&"string"==typeof S&&(E=D.filter(S,E)),this.length>1&&(st[o]||D.uniqueSort(E),Jt.test(o)&&E.reverse()),this.pushStack(E)}});var at=/[^\x20\t\r\n\f]+/g;function Xt(o){return o}function vn(o){throw o}function Dt(o,c,y,S){var E;try{o&&_e(E=o.promise)?E.call(o).done(c).fail(y):o&&_e(E=o.then)?E.call(o,c,y):c.apply(void 0,[o].slice(S))}catch(P){y.apply(void 0,[P])}}D.Callbacks=function(o){o="string"==typeof o?function yn(o){var c={};return D.each(o.match(at)||[],function(y,S){c[S]=!0}),c}(o):D.extend({},o);var c,y,S,E,P=[],k=[],V=-1,B=function(){for(E=E||o.once,S=c=!0;k.length;V=-1)for(y=k.shift();++V-1;)P.splice(ee,1),ee<=V&&V--}),this},has:function(le){return le?D.inArray(le,P)>-1:P.length>0},empty:function(){return P&&(P=[]),this},disable:function(){return E=k=[],P=y="",this},disabled:function(){return!P},lock:function(){return E=k=[],!y&&!c&&(P=y=""),this},locked:function(){return!!E},fireWith:function(le,he){return E||(he=[le,(he=he||[]).slice?he.slice():he],k.push(he),c||B()),this},fire:function(){return K.fireWith(this,arguments),this},fired:function(){return!!S}};return K},D.extend({Deferred:function(o){var c=[["notify","progress",D.Callbacks("memory"),D.Callbacks("memory"),2],["resolve","done",D.Callbacks("once memory"),D.Callbacks("once memory"),0,"resolved"],["reject","fail",D.Callbacks("once memory"),D.Callbacks("once memory"),1,"rejected"]],y="pending",S={state:function(){return y},always:function(){return E.done(arguments).fail(arguments),this},catch:function(P){return S.then(null,P)},pipe:function(){var P=arguments;return D.Deferred(function(k){D.each(c,function(V,B){var K=_e(P[B[4]])&&P[B[4]];E[B[1]](function(){var le=K&&K.apply(this,arguments);le&&_e(le.promise)?le.promise().progress(k.notify).done(k.resolve).fail(k.reject):k[B[0]+"With"](this,K?[le]:arguments)})}),P=null}).promise()},then:function(P,k,V){var B=0;function K(le,he,ee,Ce){return function(){var vt=this,Rt=arguments,wt=function(){var Sn,mi;if(!(le=B&&(ee!==vn&&(vt=void 0,Rt=[Sn]),he.rejectWith(vt,Rt))}};le?Wt():(D.Deferred.getErrorHook?Wt.error=D.Deferred.getErrorHook():D.Deferred.getStackHook&&(Wt.error=D.Deferred.getStackHook()),G.setTimeout(Wt))}}return D.Deferred(function(le){c[0][3].add(K(0,le,_e(V)?V:Xt,le.notifyWith)),c[1][3].add(K(0,le,_e(P)?P:Xt)),c[2][3].add(K(0,le,_e(k)?k:vn))}).promise()},promise:function(P){return null!=P?D.extend(P,S):S}},E={};return D.each(c,function(P,k){var V=k[2],B=k[5];S[k[1]]=V.add,B&&V.add(function(){y=B},c[3-P][2].disable,c[3-P][3].disable,c[0][2].lock,c[0][3].lock),V.add(k[3].fire),E[k[0]]=function(){return E[k[0]+"With"](this===E?void 0:this,arguments),this},E[k[0]+"With"]=V.fireWith}),S.promise(E),o&&o.call(E,E),E},when:function(o){var c=arguments.length,y=c,S=Array(y),E=Ue.call(arguments),P=D.Deferred(),k=function(V){return function(B){S[V]=this,E[V]=arguments.length>1?Ue.call(arguments):B,--c||P.resolveWith(S,E)}};if(c<=1&&(Dt(o,P.done(k(y)).resolve,P.reject,!c),"pending"===P.state()||_e(E[y]&&E[y].then)))return P.then();for(;y--;)Dt(E[y],k(y),P.reject);return P.promise()}});var An=/^(Eval|Internal|Range|Reference|Syntax|Type|URI)Error$/;D.Deferred.exceptionHook=function(o,c){G.console&&G.console.warn&&o&&An.test(o.name)&&G.console.warn("jQuery.Deferred exception: "+o.message,o.stack,c)},D.readyException=function(o){G.setTimeout(function(){throw o})};var Kn=D.Deferred();function hn(){Ve.removeEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",hn),G.removeEventListener("load",hn),D.ready()}D.fn.ready=function(o){return Kn.then(o).catch(function(c){D.readyException(c)}),this},D.extend({isReady:!1,readyWait:1,ready:function(o){(!0===o?--D.readyWait:D.isReady)||(D.isReady=!0,!(!0!==o&&--D.readyWait>0)&&Kn.resolveWith(Ve,[D]))}}),D.ready.then=Kn.then,"complete"===Ve.readyState||"loading"!==Ve.readyState&&!Ve.documentElement.doScroll?G.setTimeout(D.ready):(Ve.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",hn),G.addEventListener("load",hn));var jn=function(o,c,y,S,E,P,k){var V=0,B=o.length,K=null==y;if("object"===Ze(y))for(V in E=!0,y)jn(o,c,V,y[V],!0,P,k);else if(void 0!==S&&(E=!0,_e(S)||(k=!0),K&&(k?(c.call(o,S),c=null):(K=c,c=function(le,he,ee){return K.call(D(le),ee)})),c))for(;V1,null,!0)},removeData:function(o){return this.each(function(){ve.remove(this,o)})}}),D.extend({queue:function(o,c,y){var S;if(o)return S=Le.get(o,c=(c||"fx")+"queue"),y&&(!S||Array.isArray(y)?S=Le.access(o,c,D.makeArray(y)):S.push(y)),S||[]},dequeue:function(o,c){var y=D.queue(o,c=c||"fx"),S=y.length,E=y.shift(),P=D._queueHooks(o,c);"inprogress"===E&&(E=y.shift(),S--),E&&("fx"===c&&y.unshift("inprogress"),delete P.stop,E.call(o,function(){D.dequeue(o,c)},P)),!S&&P&&P.empty.fire()},_queueHooks:function(o,c){var y=c+"queueHooks";return Le.get(o,y)||Le.access(o,y,{empty:D.Callbacks("once memory").add(function(){Le.remove(o,[c+"queue",y])})})}}),D.fn.extend({queue:function(o,c){var y=2;return"string"!=typeof o&&(c=o,o="fx",y--),arguments.length\x20\t\r\n\f]*)/i,ri=/^$|^module$|\/(?:java|ecma)script/i;c=Ve.createDocumentFragment().appendChild(Ve.createElement("div")),(y=Ve.createElement("input")).setAttribute("type","radio"),y.setAttribute("checked","checked"),y.setAttribute("name","t"),c.appendChild(y),ke.checkClone=c.cloneNode(!0).cloneNode(!0).lastChild.checked,c.innerHTML="",ke.noCloneChecked=!!c.cloneNode(!0).lastChild.defaultValue,c.innerHTML="",ke.option=!!c.lastChild;var En={thead:[1,"","
"],col:[2,"","
"],tr:[2,"","
"],td:[3,"","
"],_default:[0,"",""]};function Lt(o,c){var y;return y=typeof o.getElementsByTagName<"u"?o.getElementsByTagName(c||"*"):typeof o.querySelectorAll<"u"?o.querySelectorAll(c||"*"):[],void 0===c||c&&Ae(o,c)?D.merge([o],y):y}function Yn(o,c){for(var y=0,S=o.length;y",""]);var Et=/<|&#?\w+;/;function wi(o,c,y,S,E){for(var P,k,V,B,K,le,he=c.createDocumentFragment(),ee=[],Ce=0,vt=o.length;Ce-1)E&&E.push(P);else if(K=on(P),k=Lt(he.appendChild(P),"script"),K&&Yn(k),y)for(le=0;P=k[le++];)ri.test(P.type||"")&&y.push(P);return he}var er=/^([^.]*)(?:\.(.+)|)/;function Rn(){return!0}function ne(){return!1}function z(o,c,y,S,E,P){var k,V;if("object"==typeof c){for(V in"string"!=typeof y&&(S=S||y,y=void 0),c)z(o,V,y,S,c[V],P);return o}if(null==S&&null==E?(E=y,S=y=void 0):null==E&&("string"==typeof y?(E=S,S=void 0):(E=S,S=y,y=void 0)),!1===E)E=ne;else if(!E)return o;return 1===P&&(k=E,E=function(B){return D().off(B),k.apply(this,arguments)},E.guid=k.guid||(k.guid=D.guid++)),o.each(function(){D.event.add(this,c,E,S,y)})}function U(o,c,y){y?(Le.set(o,c,!1),D.event.add(o,c,{namespace:!1,handler:function(S){var E,P=Le.get(this,c);if(1&S.isTrigger&&this[c]){if(P)(D.event.special[c]||{}).delegateType&&S.stopPropagation();else if(P=Ue.call(arguments),Le.set(this,c,P),this[c](),E=Le.get(this,c),Le.set(this,c,!1),P!==E)return S.stopImmediatePropagation(),S.preventDefault(),E}else P&&(Le.set(this,c,D.event.trigger(P[0],P.slice(1),this)),S.stopPropagation(),S.isImmediatePropagationStopped=Rn)}})):void 0===Le.get(o,c)&&D.event.add(o,c,Rn)}D.event={global:{},add:function(o,c,y,S,E){var P,k,V,B,K,le,he,ee,Ce,vt,Rt,wt=Le.get(o);if(ii(o))for(y.handler&&(y=(P=y).handler,E=P.selector),E&&D.find.matchesSelector(Kt,E),y.guid||(y.guid=D.guid++),(B=wt.events)||(B=wt.events=Object.create(null)),(k=wt.handle)||(k=wt.handle=function(Wt){return typeof D<"u"&&D.event.triggered!==Wt.type?D.event.dispatch.apply(o,arguments):void 0}),K=(c=(c||"").match(at)||[""]).length;K--;)Ce=Rt=(V=er.exec(c[K])||[])[1],vt=(V[2]||"").split(".").sort(),Ce&&(he=D.event.special[Ce]||{},he=D.event.special[Ce=(E?he.delegateType:he.bindType)||Ce]||{},le=D.extend({type:Ce,origType:Rt,data:S,handler:y,guid:y.guid,selector:E,needsContext:E&&D.expr.match.needsContext.test(E),namespace:vt.join(".")},P),(ee=B[Ce])||((ee=B[Ce]=[]).delegateCount=0,(!he.setup||!1===he.setup.call(o,S,vt,k))&&o.addEventListener&&o.addEventListener(Ce,k)),he.add&&(he.add.call(o,le),le.handler.guid||(le.handler.guid=y.guid)),E?ee.splice(ee.delegateCount++,0,le):ee.push(le),D.event.global[Ce]=!0)},remove:function(o,c,y,S,E){var P,k,V,B,K,le,he,ee,Ce,vt,Rt,wt=Le.hasData(o)&&Le.get(o);if(wt&&(B=wt.events)){for(K=(c=(c||"").match(at)||[""]).length;K--;)if(Ce=Rt=(V=er.exec(c[K])||[])[1],vt=(V[2]||"").split(".").sort(),Ce){for(he=D.event.special[Ce]||{},ee=B[Ce=(S?he.delegateType:he.bindType)||Ce]||[],V=V[2]&&new RegExp("(^|\\.)"+vt.join("\\.(?:.*\\.|)")+"(\\.|$)"),k=P=ee.length;P--;)le=ee[P],(E||Rt===le.origType)&&(!y||y.guid===le.guid)&&(!V||V.test(le.namespace))&&(!S||S===le.selector||"**"===S&&le.selector)&&(ee.splice(P,1),le.selector&&ee.delegateCount--,he.remove&&he.remove.call(o,le));k&&!ee.length&&((!he.teardown||!1===he.teardown.call(o,vt,wt.handle))&&D.removeEvent(o,Ce,wt.handle),delete B[Ce])}else for(Ce in B)D.event.remove(o,Ce+c[K],y,S,!0);D.isEmptyObject(B)&&Le.remove(o,"handle events")}},dispatch:function(o){var c,y,S,E,P,k,V=new Array(arguments.length),B=D.event.fix(o),K=(Le.get(this,"events")||Object.create(null))[B.type]||[],le=D.event.special[B.type]||{};for(V[0]=B,c=1;c=1))for(;K!==this;K=K.parentNode||this)if(1===K.nodeType&&("click"!==o.type||!0!==K.disabled)){for(P=[],k={},y=0;y-1:D.find(E,this,null,[K]).length),k[E]&&P.push(S);P.length&&V.push({elem:K,handlers:P})}return K=this,B\s*$/g;function gt(o,c){return Ae(o,"table")&&Ae(11!==c.nodeType?c:c.firstChild,"tr")&&D(o).children("tbody")[0]||o}function ut(o){return o.type=(null!==o.getAttribute("type"))+"/"+o.type,o}function bn(o){return"true/"===(o.type||"").slice(0,5)?o.type=o.type.slice(5):o.removeAttribute("type"),o}function Ai(o,c){var y,S,E,k,V,B;if(1===c.nodeType){if(Le.hasData(o)&&(B=Le.get(o).events))for(E in Le.remove(c,"handle events"),B)for(y=0,S=B[E].length;y1&&"string"==typeof Ce&&!ke.checkClone&&de.test(Ce))return o.each(function(Rt){var wt=o.eq(Rt);vt&&(c[0]=Ce.call(this,Rt,wt.html())),Ri(wt,c,y,S)});if(he&&(P=(E=wi(c,o[0].ownerDocument,!1,o,S)).firstChild,1===E.childNodes.length&&(E=P),P||S)){for(V=(k=D.map(Lt(E,"script"),ut)).length;le0&&Yn(k,!B&&Lt(o,"script")),V},cleanData:function(o){for(var c,y,S,E=D.event.special,P=0;void 0!==(y=o[P]);P++)if(ii(y)){if(c=y[Le.expando]){if(c.events)for(S in c.events)E[S]?D.event.remove(y,S):D.removeEvent(y,S,c.handle);y[Le.expando]=void 0}y[ve.expando]&&(y[ve.expando]=void 0)}}}),D.fn.extend({detach:function(o){return hi(this,o,!0)},remove:function(o){return hi(this,o)},text:function(o){return jn(this,function(c){return void 0===c?D.text(this):this.empty().each(function(){(1===this.nodeType||11===this.nodeType||9===this.nodeType)&&(this.textContent=c)})},null,o,arguments.length)},append:function(){return Ri(this,arguments,function(o){1!==this.nodeType&&11!==this.nodeType&&9!==this.nodeType||gt(this,o).appendChild(o)})},prepend:function(){return Ri(this,arguments,function(o){if(1===this.nodeType||11===this.nodeType||9===this.nodeType){var c=gt(this,o);c.insertBefore(o,c.firstChild)}})},before:function(){return Ri(this,arguments,function(o){this.parentNode&&this.parentNode.insertBefore(o,this)})},after:function(){return Ri(this,arguments,function(o){this.parentNode&&this.parentNode.insertBefore(o,this.nextSibling)})},empty:function(){for(var o,c=0;null!=(o=this[c]);c++)1===o.nodeType&&(D.cleanData(Lt(o,!1)),o.textContent="");return this},clone:function(o,c){return o=o??!1,c=c??o,this.map(function(){return D.clone(this,o,c)})},html:function(o){return jn(this,function(c){var y=this[0]||{},S=0,E=this.length;if(void 0===c&&1===y.nodeType)return y.innerHTML;if("string"==typeof c&&!Q.test(c)&&!En[(Ti.exec(c)||["",""])[1].toLowerCase()]){c=D.htmlPrefilter(c);try{for(;S=0&&(B+=Math.max(0,Math.ceil(o["offset"+c[0].toUpperCase()+c.slice(1)]-P-B-V-.5))||0),B+K}function Br(o,c,y){var S=dr(o),P=(!ke.boxSizingReliable()||y)&&"border-box"===D.css(o,"boxSizing",!1,S),k=P,V=Wi(o,c,S),B="offset"+c[0].toUpperCase()+c.slice(1);if(Vi.test(V)){if(!y)return V;V="auto"}return(!ke.boxSizingReliable()&&P||!ke.reliableTrDimensions()&&Ae(o,"tr")||"auto"===V||!parseFloat(V)&&"inline"===D.css(o,"display",!1,S))&&o.getClientRects().length&&(P="border-box"===D.css(o,"boxSizing",!1,S),(k=B in o)&&(V=o[B])),(V=parseFloat(V)||0)+Ni(o,c,y||(P?"border":"content"),k,S,V)+"px"}function fn(o,c,y,S,E){return new fn.prototype.init(o,c,y,S,E)}D.extend({cssHooks:{opacity:{get:function(o,c){if(c){var y=Wi(o,"opacity");return""===y?"1":y}}}},cssNumber:{animationIterationCount:!0,aspectRatio:!0,borderImageSlice:!0,columnCount:!0,flexGrow:!0,flexShrink:!0,fontWeight:!0,gridArea:!0,gridColumn:!0,gridColumnEnd:!0,gridColumnStart:!0,gridRow:!0,gridRowEnd:!0,gridRowStart:!0,lineHeight:!0,opacity:!0,order:!0,orphans:!0,scale:!0,widows:!0,zIndex:!0,zoom:!0,fillOpacity:!0,floodOpacity:!0,stopOpacity:!0,strokeMiterlimit:!0,strokeOpacity:!0},cssProps:{},style:function(o,c,y,S){if(o&&3!==o.nodeType&&8!==o.nodeType&&o.style){var E,P,k,V=xn(c),B=ur.test(c),K=o.style;if(B||(c=Gt(V)),k=D.cssHooks[c]||D.cssHooks[V],void 0===y)return k&&"get"in k&&void 0!==(E=k.get(o,!1,S))?E:K[c];if("string"==(P=typeof y)&&(E=jt.exec(y))&&E[1]&&(y=Ii(o,c,E),P="number"),null==y||y!=y)return;"number"===P&&!B&&(y+=E&&E[3]||(D.cssNumber[V]?"":"px")),!ke.clearCloneStyle&&""===y&&0===c.indexOf("background")&&(K[c]="inherit"),(!k||!("set"in k)||void 0!==(y=k.set(o,y,S)))&&(B?K.setProperty(c,y):K[c]=y)}},css:function(o,c,y,S){var E,P,k,V=xn(c);return ur.test(c)||(c=Gt(V)),(k=D.cssHooks[c]||D.cssHooks[V])&&"get"in k&&(E=k.get(o,!0,y)),void 0===E&&(E=Wi(o,c,S)),"normal"===E&&c in nr&&(E=nr[c]),""===y||y?(P=parseFloat(E),!0===y||isFinite(P)?P||0:E):E}}),D.each(["height","width"],function(o,c){D.cssHooks[c]={get:function(y,S,E){if(S)return!sn.test(D.css(y,"display"))||y.getClientRects().length&&y.getBoundingClientRect().width?Br(y,c,E):hr(y,Nn,function(){return Br(y,c,E)})},set:function(y,S,E){var P,k=dr(y),V=!ke.scrollboxSize()&&"absolute"===k.position,K=(V||E)&&"border-box"===D.css(y,"boxSizing",!1,k),le=E?Ni(y,c,E,K,k):0;return K&&V&&(le-=Math.ceil(y["offset"+c[0].toUpperCase()+c.slice(1)]-parseFloat(k[c])-Ni(y,c,"border",!1,k)-.5)),le&&(P=jt.exec(S))&&"px"!==(P[3]||"px")&&(y.style[c]=S,S=D.css(y,c)),Ln(0,S,le)}}}),D.cssHooks.marginLeft=tr(ke.reliableMarginLeft,function(o,c){if(c)return(parseFloat(Wi(o,"marginLeft"))||o.getBoundingClientRect().left-hr(o,{marginLeft:0},function(){return o.getBoundingClientRect().left}))+"px"}),D.each({margin:"",padding:"",border:"Width"},function(o,c){D.cssHooks[o+c]={expand:function(y){for(var S=0,E={},P="string"==typeof y?y.split(" "):[y];S<4;S++)E[o+vi[S]+c]=P[S]||P[S-2]||P[0];return E}},"margin"!==o&&(D.cssHooks[o+c].set=Ln)}),D.fn.extend({css:function(o,c){return jn(this,function(y,S,E){var P,k,V={},B=0;if(Array.isArray(S)){for(P=dr(y),k=S.length;B1)}}),D.Tween=fn,fn.prototype={constructor:fn,init:function(o,c,y,S,E,P){this.elem=o,this.prop=y,this.easing=E||D.easing._default,this.options=c,this.start=this.now=this.cur(),this.end=S,this.unit=P||(D.cssNumber[y]?"":"px")},cur:function(){var o=fn.propHooks[this.prop];return o&&o.get?o.get(this):fn.propHooks._default.get(this)},run:function(o){var c,y=fn.propHooks[this.prop];return this.pos=c=this.options.duration?D.easing[this.easing](o,this.options.duration*o,0,1,this.options.duration):o,this.now=(this.end-this.start)*c+this.start,this.options.step&&this.options.step.call(this.elem,this.now,this),y&&y.set?y.set(this):fn.propHooks._default.set(this),this}},fn.prototype.init.prototype=fn.prototype,fn.propHooks={_default:{get:function(o){var c;return 1!==o.elem.nodeType||null!=o.elem[o.prop]&&null==o.elem.style[o.prop]?o.elem[o.prop]:(c=D.css(o.elem,o.prop,""))&&"auto"!==c?c:0},set:function(o){D.fx.step[o.prop]?D.fx.step[o.prop](o):1!==o.elem.nodeType||!D.cssHooks[o.prop]&&null==o.elem.style[Gt(o.prop)]?o.elem[o.prop]=o.now:D.style(o.elem,o.prop,o.now+o.unit)}}},fn.propHooks.scrollTop=fn.propHooks.scrollLeft={set:function(o){o.elem.nodeType&&o.elem.parentNode&&(o.elem[o.prop]=o.now)}},D.easing={linear:function(o){return o},swing:function(o){return.5-Math.cos(o*Math.PI)/2},_default:"swing"},D.fx=fn.prototype.init,D.fx.step={};var _n,Ge,Ct=/^(?:toggle|show|hide)$/,ln=/queueHooks$/;function Gn(){Ge&&(!1===Ve.hidden&&G.requestAnimationFrame?G.requestAnimationFrame(Gn):G.setTimeout(Gn,D.fx.interval),D.fx.tick())}function Vn(){return G.setTimeout(function(){_n=void 0}),_n=Date.now()}function wn(o,c){var y,S=0,E={height:o};for(c=c?1:0;S<4;S+=2-c)E["margin"+(y=vi[S])]=E["padding"+y]=o;return c&&(E.opacity=E.width=o),E}function Si(o,c,y){for(var S,E=(On.tweeners[c]||[]).concat(On.tweeners["*"]),P=0,k=E.length;P1)},removeAttr:function(o){return this.each(function(){D.removeAttr(this,o)})}}),D.extend({attr:function(o,c,y){var S,E,P=o.nodeType;if(3!==P&&8!==P&&2!==P)return typeof o.getAttribute>"u"?D.prop(o,c,y):((1!==P||!D.isXMLDoc(o))&&(E=D.attrHooks[c.toLowerCase()]||(D.expr.match.bool.test(c)?bt:void 0)),void 0!==y?null===y?void D.removeAttr(o,c):E&&"set"in E&&void 0!==(S=E.set(o,y,c))?S:(o.setAttribute(c,y+""),y):E&&"get"in E&&null!==(S=E.get(o,c))?S:(S=D.find.attr(o,c))??void 0)},attrHooks:{type:{set:function(o,c){if(!ke.radioValue&&"radio"===c&&Ae(o,"input")){var y=o.value;return o.setAttribute("type",c),y&&(o.value=y),c}}}},removeAttr:function(o,c){var y,S=0,E=c&&c.match(at);if(E&&1===o.nodeType)for(;y=E[S++];)o.removeAttribute(y)}}),bt={set:function(o,c,y){return!1===c?D.removeAttr(o,y):o.setAttribute(y,y),y}},D.each(D.expr.match.bool.source.match(/\w+/g),function(o,c){var y=Oi[c]||D.find.attr;Oi[c]=function(S,E,P){var k,V,B=E.toLowerCase();return P||(V=Oi[B],Oi[B]=k,k=null!=y(S,E,P)?B:null,Oi[B]=V),k}});var ir=/^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i,wa=/^(?:a|area)$/i;function cn(o){return(o.match(at)||[]).join(" ")}function un(o){return o.getAttribute&&o.getAttribute("class")||""}function fi(o){return Array.isArray(o)?o:"string"==typeof o&&o.match(at)||[]}D.fn.extend({prop:function(o,c){return jn(this,D.prop,o,c,arguments.length>1)},removeProp:function(o){return this.each(function(){delete this[D.propFix[o]||o]})}}),D.extend({prop:function(o,c,y){var S,E,P=o.nodeType;if(3!==P&&8!==P&&2!==P)return(1!==P||!D.isXMLDoc(o))&&(E=D.propHooks[c=D.propFix[c]||c]),void 0!==y?E&&"set"in E&&void 0!==(S=E.set(o,y,c))?S:o[c]=y:E&&"get"in E&&null!==(S=E.get(o,c))?S:o[c]},propHooks:{tabIndex:{get:function(o){var c=D.find.attr(o,"tabindex");return c?parseInt(c,10):ir.test(o.nodeName)||wa.test(o.nodeName)&&o.href?0:-1}}},propFix:{for:"htmlFor",class:"className"}}),ke.optSelected||(D.propHooks.selected={get:function(o){return null},set:function(o){}}),D.each(["tabIndex","readOnly","maxLength","cellSpacing","cellPadding","rowSpan","colSpan","useMap","frameBorder","contentEditable"],function(){D.propFix[this.toLowerCase()]=this}),D.fn.extend({addClass:function(o){var c,y,S,E,P,k;return _e(o)?this.each(function(V){D(this).addClass(o.call(this,V,un(this)))}):(c=fi(o)).length?this.each(function(){if(S=un(this),y=1===this.nodeType&&" "+cn(S)+" "){for(P=0;P-1;)y=y.replace(" "+E+" "," ");k=cn(y),S!==k&&this.setAttribute("class",k)}}):this:this.attr("class","")},toggleClass:function(o,c){var y,S,E,P,k=typeof o,V="string"===k||Array.isArray(o);return _e(o)?this.each(function(B){D(this).toggleClass(o.call(this,B,un(this),c),c)}):"boolean"==typeof c&&V?c?this.addClass(o):this.removeClass(o):(y=fi(o),this.each(function(){if(V)for(P=D(this),E=0;E-1)return!0;return!1}});var Wn=/\r/g;D.fn.extend({val:function(o){var c,y,S,E=this[0];return arguments.length?(S=_e(o),this.each(function(P){var k;1===this.nodeType&&(null==(k=S?o.call(this,P,D(this).val()):o)?k="":"number"==typeof k?k+="":Array.isArray(k)&&(k=D.map(k,function(V){return null==V?"":V+""})),(!(c=D.valHooks[this.type]||D.valHooks[this.nodeName.toLowerCase()])||!("set"in c)||void 0===c.set(this,k,"value"))&&(this.value=k))})):E?(c=D.valHooks[E.type]||D.valHooks[E.nodeName.toLowerCase()])&&"get"in c&&void 0!==(y=c.get(E,"value"))?y:"string"==typeof(y=E.value)?y.replace(Wn,""):y??"":void 0}}),D.extend({valHooks:{option:{get:function(o){return D.find.attr(o,"value")??cn(D.text(o))}},select:{get:function(o){var c,y,S,E=o.options,P=o.selectedIndex,k="select-one"===o.type,V=k?null:[],B=k?P+1:E.length;for(S=P<0?B:k?P:0;S-1)&&(y=!0);return y||(o.selectedIndex=-1),P}}}}),D.each(["radio","checkbox"],function(){D.valHooks[this]={set:function(o,c){if(Array.isArray(c))return o.checked=D.inArray(D(o).val(),c)>-1}},ke.checkOn||(D.valHooks[this].get=function(o){return null===o.getAttribute("value")?"on":o.value})});var Un=G.location,ai={guid:Date.now()},rr=/\?/;D.parseXML=function(o){var c,y;if(!o||"string"!=typeof o)return null;try{c=(new G.DOMParser).parseFromString(o,"text/xml")}catch{}return y=c&&c.getElementsByTagName("parsererror")[0],(!c||y)&&D.error("Invalid XML: "+(y?D.map(y.childNodes,function(S){return S.textContent}).join("\n"):o)),c};var qt=/^(?:focusinfocus|focusoutblur)$/,oa=function(o){o.stopPropagation()};D.extend(D.event,{trigger:function(o,c,y,S){var E,P,k,V,B,K,le,he,ee=[y||Ve],Ce=He.call(o,"type")?o.type:o,vt=He.call(o,"namespace")?o.namespace.split("."):[];if(P=he=k=y=y||Ve,3!==y.nodeType&&8!==y.nodeType&&!qt.test(Ce+D.event.triggered)&&(Ce.indexOf(".")>-1&&(vt=Ce.split("."),Ce=vt.shift(),vt.sort()),B=Ce.indexOf(":")<0&&"on"+Ce,(o=o[D.expando]?o:new D.Event(Ce,"object"==typeof o&&o)).isTrigger=S?2:3,o.namespace=vt.join("."),o.rnamespace=o.namespace?new RegExp("(^|\\.)"+vt.join("\\.(?:.*\\.|)")+"(\\.|$)"):null,o.result=void 0,o.target||(o.target=y),c=null==c?[o]:D.makeArray(c,[o]),le=D.event.special[Ce]||{},S||!le.trigger||!1!==le.trigger.apply(y,c))){if(!S&&!le.noBubble&&!We(y)){for(qt.test((V=le.delegateType||Ce)+Ce)||(P=P.parentNode);P;P=P.parentNode)ee.push(P),k=P;k===(y.ownerDocument||Ve)&&ee.push(k.defaultView||k.parentWindow||G)}for(E=0;(P=ee[E++])&&!o.isPropagationStopped();)he=P,o.type=E>1?V:le.bindType||Ce,(K=(Le.get(P,"events")||Object.create(null))[o.type]&&Le.get(P,"handle"))&&K.apply(P,c),(K=B&&P[B])&&K.apply&&ii(P)&&(o.result=K.apply(P,c),!1===o.result&&o.preventDefault());return o.type=Ce,!S&&!o.isDefaultPrevented()&&(!le._default||!1===le._default.apply(ee.pop(),c))&&ii(y)&&B&&_e(y[Ce])&&!We(y)&&((k=y[B])&&(y[B]=null),D.event.triggered=Ce,o.isPropagationStopped()&&he.addEventListener(Ce,oa),y[Ce](),o.isPropagationStopped()&&he.removeEventListener(Ce,oa),D.event.triggered=void 0,k&&(y[B]=k)),o.result}},simulate:function(o,c,y){var S=D.extend(new D.Event,y,{type:o,isSimulated:!0});D.event.trigger(S,null,c)}}),D.fn.extend({trigger:function(o,c){return this.each(function(){D.event.trigger(o,c,this)})},triggerHandler:function(o,c){var y=this[0];if(y)return D.event.trigger(o,c,y,!0)}});var Gr=/\[\]$/,Vr=/\r?\n/g,Wr=/^(?:submit|button|image|reset|file)$/i,Dr=/^(?:input|select|textarea|keygen)/i;function Ei(o,c,y,S){var E;if(Array.isArray(c))D.each(c,function(P,k){y||Gr.test(o)?S(o,k):Ei(o+"["+("object"==typeof k&&null!=k?P:"")+"]",k,y,S)});else if(y||"object"!==Ze(c))S(o,c);else for(E in c)Ei(o+"["+E+"]",c[E],y,S)}D.param=function(o,c){var y,S=[],E=function(P,k){var V=_e(k)?k():k;S[S.length]=encodeURIComponent(P)+"="+encodeURIComponent(V??"")};if(null==o)return"";if(Array.isArray(o)||o.jquery&&!D.isPlainObject(o))D.each(o,function(){E(this.name,this.value)});else for(y in o)Ei(y,o[y],c,E);return S.join("&")},D.fn.extend({serialize:function(){return D.param(this.serializeArray())},serializeArray:function(){return this.map(function(){var o=D.prop(this,"elements");return o?D.makeArray(o):this}).filter(function(){var o=this.type;return this.name&&!D(this).is(":disabled")&&Dr.test(this.nodeName)&&!Wr.test(o)&&(this.checked||!_i.test(o))}).map(function(o,c){var y=D(this).val();return null==y?null:Array.isArray(y)?D.map(y,function(S){return{name:c.name,value:S.replace(Vr,"\r\n")}}):{name:c.name,value:y.replace(Vr,"\r\n")}}).get()}});var Zn=/%20/g,Ra=/#.*$/,Qn=/([?&])_=[^&]*/,pi=/^(.*?):[ \t]*([^\r\n]*)$/gm,pr=/^(?:GET|HEAD)$/,ar=/^\/\//,oi={},sa={},Na="*/".concat("*"),Cr=Ve.createElement("a");function qr(o){return function(c,y){"string"!=typeof c&&(y=c,c="*");var S,E=0,P=c.toLowerCase().match(at)||[];if(_e(y))for(;S=P[E++];)"+"===S[0]?(S=S.slice(1)||"*",(o[S]=o[S]||[]).unshift(y)):(o[S]=o[S]||[]).push(y)}}function la(o,c,y,S){var E={},P=o===sa;function k(V){var B;return E[V]=!0,D.each(o[V]||[],function(K,le){var he=le(c,y,S);return"string"!=typeof he||P||E[he]?P?!(B=he):void 0:(c.dataTypes.unshift(he),k(he),!1)}),B}return k(c.dataTypes[0])||!E["*"]&&k("*")}function ca(o,c){var y,S,E=D.ajaxSettings.flatOptions||{};for(y in c)void 0!==c[y]&&((E[y]?o:S||(S={}))[y]=c[y]);return S&&D.extend(!0,o,S),o}Cr.href=Un.href,D.extend({active:0,lastModified:{},etag:{},ajaxSettings:{url:Un.href,type:"GET",isLocal:/^(?:about|app|app-storage|.+-extension|file|res|widget):$/.test(Un.protocol),global:!0,processData:!0,async:!0,contentType:"application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8",accepts:{"*":Na,text:"text/plain",html:"text/html",xml:"application/xml, text/xml",json:"application/json, text/javascript"},contents:{xml:/\bxml\b/,html:/\bhtml/,json:/\bjson\b/},responseFields:{xml:"responseXML",text:"responseText",json:"responseJSON"},converters:{"* text":String,"text html":!0,"text json":JSON.parse,"text xml":D.parseXML},flatOptions:{url:!0,context:!0}},ajaxSetup:function(o,c){return c?ca(ca(o,D.ajaxSettings),c):ca(D.ajaxSettings,o)},ajaxPrefilter:qr(oi),ajaxTransport:qr(sa),ajax:function(o,c){"object"==typeof o&&(c=o,o=void 0);var y,S,E,P,k,V,B,K,le,he,ee=D.ajaxSetup({},c=c||{}),Ce=ee.context||ee,vt=ee.context&&(Ce.nodeType||Ce.jquery)?D(Ce):D.event,Rt=D.Deferred(),wt=D.Callbacks("once memory"),Wt=ee.statusCode||{},Sn={},mi={},$t="canceled",Nt={readyState:0,getResponseHeader:function(It){var Dn;if(B){if(!P)for(P={};Dn=pi.exec(E);)P[Dn[1].toLowerCase()+" "]=(P[Dn[1].toLowerCase()+" "]||[]).concat(Dn[2]);Dn=P[It.toLowerCase()+" "]}return null==Dn?null:Dn.join(", ")},getAllResponseHeaders:function(){return B?E:null},setRequestHeader:function(It,Dn){return null==B&&(It=mi[It.toLowerCase()]=mi[It.toLowerCase()]||It,Sn[It]=Dn),this},overrideMimeType:function(It){return null==B&&(ee.mimeType=It),this},statusCode:function(It){var Dn;if(It)if(B)Nt.always(It[Nt.status]);else for(Dn in It)Wt[Dn]=[Wt[Dn],It[Dn]];return this},abort:function(It){var Dn=It||$t;return y&&y.abort(Dn),gi(0,Dn),this}};if(Rt.promise(Nt),ee.url=((o||ee.url||Un.href)+"").replace(ar,Un.protocol+"//"),ee.type=c.method||c.type||ee.method||ee.type,ee.dataTypes=(ee.dataType||"*").toLowerCase().match(at)||[""],null==ee.crossDomain){V=Ve.createElement("a");try{V.href=ee.url,V.href=V.href,ee.crossDomain=Cr.protocol+"//"+Cr.host!=V.protocol+"//"+V.host}catch{ee.crossDomain=!0}}if(ee.data&&ee.processData&&"string"!=typeof ee.data&&(ee.data=D.param(ee.data,ee.traditional)),la(oi,ee,c,Nt),B)return Nt;for(le in(K=D.event&&ee.global)&&0==D.active++&&D.event.trigger("ajaxStart"),ee.type=ee.type.toUpperCase(),ee.hasContent=!pr.test(ee.type),S=ee.url.replace(Ra,""),ee.hasContent?ee.data&&ee.processData&&0===(ee.contentType||"").indexOf("application/x-www-form-urlencoded")&&(ee.data=ee.data.replace(Zn,"+")):(he=ee.url.slice(S.length),ee.data&&(ee.processData||"string"==typeof ee.data)&&(S+=(rr.test(S)?"&":"?")+ee.data,delete ee.data),!1===ee.cache&&(S=S.replace(Qn,"$1"),he=(rr.test(S)?"&":"?")+"_="+ai.guid+++he),ee.url=S+he),ee.ifModified&&(D.lastModified[S]&&Nt.setRequestHeader("If-Modified-Since",D.lastModified[S]),D.etag[S]&&Nt.setRequestHeader("If-None-Match",D.etag[S])),(ee.data&&ee.hasContent&&!1!==ee.contentType||c.contentType)&&Nt.setRequestHeader("Content-Type",ee.contentType),Nt.setRequestHeader("Accept",ee.dataTypes[0]&&ee.accepts[ee.dataTypes[0]]?ee.accepts[ee.dataTypes[0]]+("*"!==ee.dataTypes[0]?", "+Na+"; q=0.01":""):ee.accepts["*"]),ee.headers)Nt.setRequestHeader(le,ee.headers[le]);if(ee.beforeSend&&(!1===ee.beforeSend.call(Ce,Nt,ee)||B))return Nt.abort();if($t="abort",wt.add(ee.complete),Nt.done(ee.success),Nt.fail(ee.error),y=la(sa,ee,c,Nt)){if(Nt.readyState=1,K&&vt.trigger("ajaxSend",[Nt,ee]),B)return Nt;ee.async&&ee.timeout>0&&(k=G.setTimeout(function(){Nt.abort("timeout")},ee.timeout));try{B=!1,y.send(Sn,gi)}catch(It){if(B)throw It;gi(-1,It)}}else gi(-1,"No Transport");function gi(It,Dn,Ar,Zi){var Yt,or,si,Li,Fn,dn=Dn;B||(B=!0,k&&G.clearTimeout(k),y=void 0,E=Zi||"",Nt.readyState=It>0?4:0,Yt=It>=200&&It<300||304===It,Ar&&(Li=function Sa(o,c,y){for(var S,E,P,k,V=o.contents,B=o.dataTypes;"*"===B[0];)B.shift(),void 0===S&&(S=o.mimeType||c.getResponseHeader("Content-Type"));if(S)for(E in V)if(V[E]&&V[E].test(S)){B.unshift(E);break}if(B[0]in y)P=B[0];else{for(E in y){if(!B[0]||o.converters[E+" "+B[0]]){P=E;break}k||(k=E)}P=P||k}if(P)return P!==B[0]&&B.unshift(P),y[P]}(ee,Nt,Ar)),!Yt&&D.inArray("script",ee.dataTypes)>-1&&D.inArray("json",ee.dataTypes)<0&&(ee.converters["text script"]=function(){}),Li=function Fi(o,c,y,S){var E,P,k,V,B,K={},le=o.dataTypes.slice();if(le[1])for(k in o.converters)K[k.toLowerCase()]=o.converters[k];for(P=le.shift();P;)if(o.responseFields[P]&&(y[o.responseFields[P]]=c),!B&&S&&o.dataFilter&&(c=o.dataFilter(c,o.dataType)),B=P,P=le.shift())if("*"===P)P=B;else if("*"!==B&&B!==P){if(!(k=K[B+" "+P]||K["* "+P]))for(E in K)if((V=E.split(" "))[1]===P&&(k=K[B+" "+V[0]]||K["* "+V[0]])){!0===k?k=K[E]:!0!==K[E]&&(P=V[0],le.unshift(V[1]));break}if(!0!==k)if(k&&o.throws)c=k(c);else try{c=k(c)}catch(he){return{state:"parsererror",error:k?he:"No conversion from "+B+" to "+P}}}return{state:"success",data:c}}(ee,Li,Nt,Yt),Yt?(ee.ifModified&&((Fn=Nt.getResponseHeader("Last-Modified"))&&(D.lastModified[S]=Fn),(Fn=Nt.getResponseHeader("etag"))&&(D.etag[S]=Fn)),204===It||"HEAD"===ee.type?dn="nocontent":304===It?dn="notmodified":(dn=Li.state,or=Li.data,Yt=!(si=Li.error))):(si=dn,(It||!dn)&&(dn="error",It<0&&(It=0))),Nt.status=It,Nt.statusText=(Dn||dn)+"",Yt?Rt.resolveWith(Ce,[or,dn,Nt]):Rt.rejectWith(Ce,[Nt,dn,si]),Nt.statusCode(Wt),Wt=void 0,K&&vt.trigger(Yt?"ajaxSuccess":"ajaxError",[Nt,ee,Yt?or:si]),wt.fireWith(Ce,[Nt,dn]),K&&(vt.trigger("ajaxComplete",[Nt,ee]),--D.active||D.event.trigger("ajaxStop")))}return Nt},getJSON:function(o,c,y){return D.get(o,c,y,"json")},getScript:function(o,c){return D.get(o,void 0,c,"script")}}),D.each(["get","post"],function(o,c){D[c]=function(y,S,E,P){return _e(S)&&(P=P||E,E=S,S=void 0),D.ajax(D.extend({url:y,type:c,dataType:P,data:S,success:E},D.isPlainObject(y)&&y))}}),D.ajaxPrefilter(function(o){var c;for(c in o.headers)"content-type"===c.toLowerCase()&&(o.contentType=o.headers[c]||"")}),D._evalUrl=function(o,c,y){return D.ajax({url:o,type:"GET",dataType:"script",cache:!0,async:!1,global:!1,converters:{"text script":function(){}},dataFilter:function(S){D.globalEval(S,c,y)}})},D.fn.extend({wrapAll:function(o){var c;return this[0]&&(_e(o)&&(o=o.call(this[0])),c=D(o,this[0].ownerDocument).eq(0).clone(!0),this[0].parentNode&&c.insertBefore(this[0]),c.map(function(){for(var y=this;y.firstElementChild;)y=y.firstElementChild;return y}).append(this)),this},wrapInner:function(o){return _e(o)?this.each(function(c){D(this).wrapInner(o.call(this,c))}):this.each(function(){var c=D(this),y=c.contents();y.length?y.wrapAll(o):c.append(o)})},wrap:function(o){var c=_e(o);return this.each(function(y){D(this).wrapAll(c?o.call(this,y):o)})},unwrap:function(o){return this.parent(o).not("body").each(function(){D(this).replaceWith(this.childNodes)}),this}}),D.expr.pseudos.hidden=function(o){return!D.expr.pseudos.visible(o)},D.expr.pseudos.visible=function(o){return!!(o.offsetWidth||o.offsetHeight||o.getClientRects().length)},D.ajaxSettings.xhr=function(){try{return new G.XMLHttpRequest}catch{}};var Ir={0:200,1223:204},_r=D.ajaxSettings.xhr();ke.cors=!!_r&&"withCredentials"in _r,ke.ajax=_r=!!_r,D.ajaxTransport(function(o){var c,y;if(ke.cors||_r&&!o.crossDomain)return{send:function(S,E){var P,k=o.xhr();if(k.open(o.type,o.url,o.async,o.username,o.password),o.xhrFields)for(P in o.xhrFields)k[P]=o.xhrFields[P];for(P in o.mimeType&&k.overrideMimeType&&k.overrideMimeType(o.mimeType),!o.crossDomain&&!S["X-Requested-With"]&&(S["X-Requested-With"]="XMLHttpRequest"),S)k.setRequestHeader(P,S[P]);c=function(V){return function(){c&&(c=y=k.onload=k.onerror=k.onabort=k.ontimeout=k.onreadystatechange=null,"abort"===V?k.abort():"error"===V?"number"!=typeof k.status?E(0,"error"):E(k.status,k.statusText):E(Ir[k.status]||k.status,k.statusText,"text"!==(k.responseType||"text")||"string"!=typeof k.responseText?{binary:k.response}:{text:k.responseText},k.getAllResponseHeaders()))}},k.onload=c(),y=k.onerror=k.ontimeout=c("error"),void 0!==k.onabort?k.onabort=y:k.onreadystatechange=function(){4===k.readyState&&G.setTimeout(function(){c&&y()})},c=c("abort");try{k.send(o.hasContent&&o.data||null)}catch(V){if(c)throw V}},abort:function(){c&&c()}}}),D.ajaxPrefilter(function(o){o.crossDomain&&(o.contents.script=!1)}),D.ajaxSetup({accepts:{script:"text/javascript, application/javascript, application/ecmascript, application/x-ecmascript"},contents:{script:/\b(?:java|ecma)script\b/},converters:{"text script":function(o){return D.globalEval(o),o}}}),D.ajaxPrefilter("script",function(o){void 0===o.cache&&(o.cache=!1),o.crossDomain&&(o.type="GET")}),D.ajaxTransport("script",function(o){var c,y;if(o.crossDomain||o.scriptAttrs)return{send:function(S,E){c=D("